The New York Herald Newspaper, February 23, 1861, Page 2

_ a I vaye of @ tropical sun, causes an immense exepeaatinns which, nm expanding or drifting north, or towards t’,9 elevated lands east and-west of the Missiasippi, *, gon. encod by cold air, and produces frequent show’ es during ‘the warm months of spring and summer, “ad which are We life of the cotton plants, A Similar process takes piace along the Sovthern Atlantic States. The evaporation frem the Gulf Stream is con- @ensed by the cooler air of the Aleghanies. Thus we have an immense region of cott1n lands over which na- ‘are bas established the most wonderful system of irri- tion known in the world, in combination with the proper amount of heat and richness of soil, When we consider that these grea’, physical advantages have been united with enterprize, skill amd slave institutions, managed by America intellect, under free institutions ‘all tending to their developement, promoted by the only Sxed labor suitable to the culture of cotton, we shall ex. perience no diMiculty ia comprehending why the United Makes enjoy ® monoy ly in its production. WPORARY SPECULATIONS AVOUT THM CULTURE, OF COTTON TN TROPICAL REGIONS. “We would probably be a matter of indiference with the wbolitienists and their republican confreres whether cotton was grown somewhere else by slave labor or not wo that its employment ceased at the South. Hence, whenever they theorizeen the subject, they always rea- won according to their fancy, and have predicted for twenty. five or thirty years past that India [would riva the United States in the production of cotton. If she could not do it before, she will now accomplish it by building railroads. Yet how far such improverhents are te overcome the insuperable diffieulties of (climate and other impediments does not appear. On-each side of the Equator there is a belt of country wurreunding the globe, between 20 to 28 and 90 degrees nerth and south latitude, in which the year is divided tmto six months rain and six months, or thereabouts, of @rought. The width of this tropical region varies in the ©) and New Worlds. India it extends north to the Himalayas, and in Afriea to the shores of the Mediterranean in Egypt anc Algeria, with this exception, that in Egypt it scarcely ever rains at all, and vegetation of all kinds has to be pro. daced by irrigation. In India the sugar cane, indigo, rhe, Xc., are all the products of irrigation, and where this eannot be employed their sucocesful or profitable cul- ‘tivation is impoasible—so of cotton; while we bave shown ‘hat in America we have an extensive tract of country possessing more or lees an intertropical temperature, w&b suitableness: of soil, which nature has furnished ‘with means of irrigation on agrand scale. Hence tho gouthern portion of Texas, bordering on the Rio Grande, feeo far intertropical as to be uncertain in its crops, ‘while South and Central America, except it may ‘be bere and there in small elevated spots, are, from the eanses stated, wholly unsuited to the growth of cotton ‘The same may be said of nearly all Mexico. ‘The perennial wild cotton trees can be found growipg within the tropics around the world. The woody fibre enables them to withstand, like the holyhosk, ‘the extremes of rain and drought. Their pods are ‘mall, and the fibre of the cotton short, woody, brit- ‘Me and worthless. It is the annual plant alone which yields cotton worth having, and the more delicate % ts, such as the Sea Island, the finer and more silk- Nye te its fibre. Hence, when Mr. Squier states that the woaree, woody perennial cotton tree of the tropics or entra] America is more valuable than the silky annual plant of the Southern states, he simply makes himself widiculous, and shows that he knows nething about the wubject. Livingstone found this gosypiam tree in tropi- eal Africa of six months drought and six months rain, end etraightway persuaded the ‘woolly heads” of Eng- land that the banks of the Zambesi were to rival the banks of the southern waters, including the Mississippi ‘and Red river. Another genius bas discovered that China is going % supply the world with cotton, when all history has proven that she has never produced cotton enough for her own consumption, and from time immemorial she nee depended upon India for eupplies of Surat cotton, Above all, if it were possible to tind another re- gen like that of the United States, it would be impossi- ble to make it produce as much cotton without fixed and eenstant)y reliable and efficient African labor. HE COTTON EXPERIMENT IN INDIA AND JTS FAILURE. ‘Te 1840 the Hon. East India Company sent an agent to Abe United States, with a carte Llanche as to expenses. Be engaged the services of ten experienced American | sotton growers, taken from the best cotton districts of the country. Several were taken from Missiseippi, two fom Louisiana, three from Alabama, and two or three fem Georgia. They were engaged at good salaries, ‘and bound to remain in India five years each. They were supplied with large quantities of the best American seed, cotton gins, ploughs, hoes, cotton presses and every peerible appliance calculated to insure success. They yaseed through England, visited Manchester, and were made acquainted with the views and wants of the epin- ners. They were sent overland to India, and distributed im the best cotton districts to be found in that vast region. They were supplied with all the laborers they wanted at three cents per.day each, they subsisting on vice as food. One of the planters, Mr. Terry, stated that tw Mieeiesipp! one hand could cultivate five acres, make re bales of cotton, and hie own provisions. Todo the fame work in India it required three weakly Asiatics to the acre. An African at the South, being well felon pork, beef and corn bread, with vegetables, and well @lothed, could do about as much real lavor as half a @ezen puny Hindoos. Mr. Terry was sent up to the Bundiecund district, near the base of the Himalaya Meuntains. When he firet reached this locality he planted one thousand acres in cotton, near tho meee of the rainy season, which came up, grew we, bloomed and dolled favorably; but just at this Mage fp ite growth the drought set in, the heavens seem- e@ turned to braee, and not a drop of rain fell in ninety @ays. His plants withered, the leaves dried up, blossoms fell off, and the result was, that he only gathered 50 pounds ‘ef cotton to the acre, against about 1,000 to 1,200 pounds w_Miesiceippi. Bt en jet Mr. Terry speak for himself. Suffice it to say that the experiment, after @ trial of five years, ‘and at an expenditure, first and nat, of four to five mil- Mone of dollars, proved a failure. Mr. Terry returned to this city after his five years Groitiess Jabors in India, and proceeded to Texas and en- waged in the cultivation of cotton on his own account ‘Hie story wae one of thrilling interest. He deglared ‘Mhat the two great and insuperable difficulties in the way of cultivating cotton in India are attributable to the too great extremes of dry and wet weather, either of which $e peculiarly fatal to cotton. During the continuance of the rainy season the olton plants grow with unwonted buxuriance and rapidity, to be as suddenly checked and @ut off by the intense beat of the sun which pours the mporn them during succeeding dry reason, When the dry weather sets in, the sun ripens the bolls prematurely, when apparently not half grown; while the leaves of tho plan: are crisped and berned t© @ brown color by the intensity of the solar heat, In Lower Bongal the rainy season commences late fm May, and continues till October. In Central India the yainy season begins about the middie of July, and lasts 21 from the st to the 15th of September. In Lower Benga) ae much as seventy-six inches of rain usually fall fm twelve months. In Central India go crop can be an- Meipated with much less than thirteen inches of rain, Beven inches never fail to result in a famine, which is @readful in its effects upon the natives. In aidition to the upconquerable difficulties of the climate, the cotton want is exposed to the fatal attacks of destructive in- wects. There is one which lays an egg in the flower of ‘we plant, Before the boll matures the worm forms within it, which feeds upon the green and tender fibres ef the cottgn, cating out all the cotton within the boll before it matures, leaving only a jock ®t two in some bolls or pods, while in others Bot a fre is left. In some parts of India it is also @ubject Lo tho attacks of white ants, which cut down the Plante while young, or attack the young pods, and out them off. Al) that the Americans can do, with their bess exertions, only enable them to raise, on the average @bout ten pounds of clean cotton to the acre, from the est American cotton seed, and only seventy pounds of @etton to the acro from native India cotton sead. Mr. T., beforo leaving Miseiseippi to go to India, super, intended a cotton eetate nar Rrdvey, int te, in 1690, cn which Le raised 1.000 oF 1,200 pounds of cotton 1630. He says that year he made ® fine ero, ao tually sending to market two hundred bales of good cot ton, averaging four hundred pnd fifty pounds each, from ninety eix acres of land. Whats contrast this, to ropping iw India Mr. F., one of the American cotton growers who went to india, and was stationed at Goruckpore, put two hun @red acres in cotton, from which he gathered only two bundred pounde of clean cotton, The most those sent to Pimbatore could do was to raige, in a favorable year, two hundred pounce of peed cotton to the acre—equal to about ffiy pounde of clean cotton, The most Mr. 7. cou do was to raine, the first year, ton pouoda of clean feotwun from American Coton Bred of the Mexican variety (the best), and seventy pounds of native cotton to the | negro in the United States more than for him elsev’ nore, acre. He says the American seed carried out from about Rodaey (the best in America), deteriorated every year; the staple or fibre growing shorter, while the yield grew less. It is bis firm conviction that if the American seed be planted over and over again in the same soil in India, fm [flvefyears it will totally cease to mature any cotton whatever. He also says, by changing 1t to other dis- tricts, it may be made to yield something in a few years longer, but would ultimately run out. Mr. T. tells us that when less than eleven inches of rain fall in central India, there is @ famine by reason of the failure of the rice crop, which is almost the only food of the natives. The government makes no allowance for the failure of @ crop, but enforces the collection of its dues from head renters (who hire jand and employ na_ tives of the country and villages to work it), just the same as if no failure had occurred. He says these fa- mines have @ kind of periodical recurrence, once in seven Gr eight years, That during the last most severe famine {n'1837, many thousands expired from absolute starvation. ar Ti-some Pportions of{India, to enable them to mect ihr government dues and obtain subsistence, they were Torced 10 Sell out their cattle and every other’thing they Rorsesscd." They would cut down their trees, strip their Tose and themselves of clothing, and even” ait “7 air ren into bondage in order to save themselves from ‘Wetruction. Ho says that India never can become set. ed with a European population, on account of tho ex- fFeme heat preventing their laboring in the open field Reorath a burning sun, without destruction. ~ Such Ts the overw! ing oppressiveness of the heat travelling is done at night. The traveller is carried in a sedan, or palanquin, supported by six or eight men, who relieve cach other at the end of every eight or ten miles. They set off, usually, at four o’closk in the evening, tra- velling all night and until nine or ten o’clock next morn- =i. ‘when they lay by for the remainder of the day- it was in this way the American cotton growers were car- Tied from one part of India to another. Troops march at night, and often fight their battles at night, SUIT says that euch is tho destructive charactor oPTGs white ant in many parts of India, that they actually level mud houses in a few yeart—which are the only kind of ‘Toures‘that can be used in the interior, on account of fhe Scarcity of timber. Machinery made of wood car- Trea Mto the country, after a while is liable to be at~ ‘by them and destroyed, © 2 At his station, in Bundlecund,yhe found the heat so great as to be campelled to sleep out of doors—the com- non practice in India. In such cases it is necessary to hire the natives to keep watch all night, at twelve anda half cents per night, to keep off jackals, hyenas and wolves, with which the jungles abound, and which often ‘Venture upon the abodes of the [people ina most rave. nous manner. Wren one attempts to sleop in a house, the heat is 80 severe that it becomes necessary to hire two natives to fan you all night, by turns, with a contrivance somo- thing similar to that used for keeping the files off the table in this country, which the natives put in motion ‘Pulling a rope on the outaide of the‘house. -ggq ~*~" ‘Turkey (in Europe and in Asia Minor) has been spoken of by missionaries and others as a suitable place for the growth of cotton. Dr. Davis, of South Carolina, went to Asia Minor some years since, under the auspices of the Turkish ent, to engage in its cultivation, and had very facility granted him of meane and labor, such aa it was; but the climate was too much for his experiments, Where he found @ locality hot enough to grow cotton, there was not rain enough to render even grain or grass areliable crop. The Jews in Syria were often subjected to famines for the want of rain, and ‘‘the early and the latter raine’’ were celebrated as blessings, The Doctor failed, and returned with some interesting specimens of Fastern goats as mementoes of his experiment. ‘The increase in the culture of cotton in the United States has been extraordinary. The crop and distribution in the years named were as follows:— Crop in United States, General supply in Europe and United States. Total consumption in Europe... : Total cousumption im the world, Crop in United States... eth in as General cupply in Europe and United States. Total consumption in Europe... - Total consumption in the world ‘i crease in Twenty-eight Years. Crop in United Statet......cceeee ee geceee General supply in Europe and United States. ‘Total consumption in Europe... Tota) cousumption in the world Included in the supplies of cotton from States in 1860, were 52,418 bales of Sca Island, worth thirty three cente per pound, giving a fair average value of $118 per bale of 350 pounds each—makinga total value 0! {$6,154,754 The crop in 1854 was 39,696, showing an increase of 12,727 bales im six years, of the value of $1,501,786. The United States has no competition in the production of Sea Island cotton, all of which is sent to England and the Continent, where it is transformed into fine musing, laces, &.; one pound of this staple, after being spun into No, 400 and upwards, and converted into fine lace ready for market, in some cases is worth $100. The last quotation for this cotton in Liverpool ranges from 22c. to 460. per pound. From the above statement, it will the crop in the United States in twenty-eight years bas more than quintupled, while the pro- portion of supplies from~ aif other sources has, en the average, been nearly stationary. The only increase has been in India, and chiefly in the Bombay district, while in some other countries the production sas fallen off. Let us take the six years during which time¢he in- creased consumption and high prices, combined with the encouragement extended to its growth in all places ont- tide of the United States, imparted greater energy to iis production, and ascertain the results. In illustration, we give the following statement, from Liverpoo) official tables, of the total import: of eotton into Europe from all sources for the periods named: — EastIndies, Brazil. West Inties. Eqypt. Bales. Bales. Bales, Bales be seen that - 208,000 126,000 81,000 165,000 {673,000 108,000 47000 158,000 - 265,000 — 16,000 ae Decreases... | —= 20,000 — 7,000 Supply in Europe from Unite) Stat 1884. wht 7 2,490,000 1860. 000 Tocrease.....++++ te «1,218,000 We must recollect that the Fast India bales only ave- rage about 300 pounds, while American bales average at lenst 450 pounds, and approximate in most places 500 pounds. The India (Surat) cottons in Liverpool, on the 25th of January, 1860, were officially quoted at 34d. a 61., while ordinary to fair American was quoted at ¢d. a 94., and inferior at 42d. ‘aking the average of Surate at 43g4., and of American at 7d., or say in round bere at 9c. for the former and 14o. for the latter, w give a Liverpool value to the bale of India cotton of $27, and to the American (450 pounds) of $63, from whicb we deduce the following table — INCREASE IN TIIR SUPPLY OF COTTON IN FCROFE PROM THe Rust INDIES AND THE UNITED STATES, FOR SIX YEORM, FROM 1864 To 1860. Increase from the East Indice. In bales. De. Value. 265.000 79,600,000 $7,165,000 Increase from the United States, In baiea. % 1,218,000 548,106,000 While the an imports of cotton Britain from India, a1 ‘aried by the Chinese demand and the rates of freight, tho annual growth hae not varied materially for a great many years. ‘The rebellion and war in China checked ite consump. tion in that country, and hence {ts increased supply to Great Britain, If India is incapable of producing cot. ton in competition with us, Africa is still less able to do ©, In India the land titles are all in the bands of tho Indian government, and thoee who cultivate {tare com- pelied to pay a jand tax. It is needless to add that such asystem, with the absence of a population Iike that of the American, would be more or leas a*bar to its cul. ture, if mo other diffloulties existed. Beajdea sugar, in- digo, opiom and rice areal! more profitable articles of culture than cotton. So much for all the talk, nonsonse and boasting, frenzy and madness of political republican demagogues and their abolition cohorts, about superse ling the growth of cotton in the Southern States. If the worst comes to | free soi! declatmers have determined on civil war tocarsy out an abstract idea, and to @lay whites to gratify a fanatical theory about negroes, which, if successful, can only end in their extermination, (because African and | Caucasian races cannot exist in equality on the same #o'!,) and thos at the same time destroy the growth of cotton, England cannot afford to let it be done. Her owa ralva- | tion, a8 well as that of France and other portions of Bu- | rope, demands that its culture eball not be destroyed, nor | ‘te shipments to their ports intercepted by paper block adee, nor by the refusal of paper clearances. And, if the | ‘worst comes {0 pass, ail negro equality theories to the contrary, there governments will be forced to protect the | growers in its cultivation. Moreover, whatever the Engiiah proferaed love for the the worst, let the talk be what it may; if the Northern | France will never consent to be made depend? upon British poesessions and British.rule for her any jual supply of 610,000 bales of cotton from the United "states, of the ‘value of $30,600,000, with the loss of her most profitable market fer manufactured goods, THE CONFEDERATED STATES OF AMERICA ——— The Capital o% the Southern Confederacy. Inauguration of President Jef- ferson Davis. HIS ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE OF MONTGOMERY SPEECH OF MR. YANCEY. THE PRESIDENT'S TRAVELS TO THE CAPITAL. DESCRIPTION OF ITS MEMBERS, Ren, Re, he, OUR MONTGOMERY CORRESPONDENCE. Montcommny, Ala., Feb. 14, 1861. The Capital of the Southern Confederated States—The New Constitution Satisfactory to the People—War Antici- pated—The Patrob and Pass System Discontinued—A Curious Scene on a Plantation by Moonlight—A Military Company of Eboes Ready to Fight the Avotitionists—Mu- nificent Donation to the State Treasury—The Slate of Feeling Among the Plantert—A Company of Twzlve Months’ Volunteers En Route for Pensacola—Ez-Con- gressmen in their Ranks—The National Flag, dc., &c. The little capital of Alabama, hitherto merely the radiating point from which State polities warmed into ardor over questions of local importance, has now be- come a focal point of interest to the whole nation. When the present times shall have become historic, Montgome- Ty will be read of ag the scene of one of the most won- derful revolutions—wonderful alike whether it be peaceful or bloody—that the world has ever wit- nessed ; and whilst the continuation of secret sessions of the Congrees prevents much of interest from being chronicled in the cotemporancous history of the times, still the press, the great political barometer of the world, should record faithfully the stages of the storm. Tho intense excitement which has heretofore pervaded the people has subsided,‘ and the prevailing feeling seems to be much of that satisfaction which is expressed in Scriptural phrase as ‘joy tnat a man child is born into the world.”” ‘The election of Davis and Stephens, and the adoption of the old constitution with such wondrous unanimity, have Proved an earnest of serious patriotism which has calmed all appréhension, The people who for several days crewded around the closed doors of the Congress have now gone home satisfied, Nothing can be moro gratifying to the patriot’s heart than the simple confidence which aly classes bave in the prerent disposers of their dedtintes! ‘They feel that the great trial is passed, the mental conflict over with, and the mere carnal war which is at their door they welcome as nothing in comparison with what they have suffered. The man who has struggled through afamily quarrel, or suffered under the necessities of re- senting an insult from a friend, can believe the truth of this statement. Even the poor negroes, 80 alive to e ry sympathy with their masters, seem to have caught this contagion of the general satisfaction, and while they know that rome great chat ge has taken place, they find they are in the same boat with their natural Protectors, and sre glad that they are no longer the scapegoats for the sins of others. Ido not make this assertion gratui tously ; for now, God knows, we have but little interest in influencing Northern cpinion. Tam told that the strict system of patrols—the ‘passes’ to their wives’ houses—are now to a great extent dis continued, to the great satisfaction of poor Sambo; and I know it to be afact that masters and slaves feel more kindly towards each other—that there is now n» arprehension of insurrections; that the masters are more Jenient and the negroes more humble and affectionse than ever. 1am ‘informed that the Governor of this State has ro ceived a letter from a ‘‘head man” ona plantation, who says he has been drilling sixty of his master’s men on moonlight nights and Sundays, and with his master’s per- mission is now ready to go to Fort Morgan and do all he can for his master against “the damned buckram aboli- tionists,”’ who have done so much to cut off Sam’s privi- leges. To indicate the feeling among the whites,I need but mention the fact that Jool E. Mathews, a planter in Oahaba, hos preeented the State with $16,000 and the labor of 200 negroes, whenever they are called for. The same gentle man is now serving the Siaté as Anditor of Military Ac- counts free of cost, although the salary of the office is $2,500. The best men in the State are offering to serve in lucrative offices without charge, and reveral members of the State Convention have refused to take anything for their services, The ladies of this city made 1,8¢0 sand bags, and the ladies of Marion an equal number, and there has scarcely bean a company uniformed for some time but that fair hands have cut out and mado thoir uniforms without cost. Yet there are all ‘forced contri- butions.” God save the mark. Men who believe it know little about revolutions. The companies now in the field are the pick and flowor of the land. One company from Barbour, now en route for Pensacola, enlisted for twelve months, number among their ranks as privates Hon. J. 1. Pugh, late member of Congress; F. C. Bullock, Senator from that county, and Hon. John Cochrane, a prominent candidate for Governor—all three the brightest and ablest minds of the State. Scarcety a man but belongs either to some company, begging for marching orders, or to some one of the ‘‘ Home @Guard ” companies, of men over forty-five. And yet men talk of coercion; but I will leave you to draw yourown info rences. Many beautiful designs for the flag and seal have been proposed. Those most favorably received bear some relationship and resemblance to the stars and stripea, and are as follows:—1. A red ground, bound with white and blue, with a bino crows in the centre, with the seven stars emblazoned thereon, 2. A striped bunting, with the same device extending entirely across the length and breadth of the flag. 3. The same as the old flag, with the colors reversed—i. ¢., bluc stripes and a red union, with the stars arranged in acres- cent form, ‘The eal proposed by some ie a ction bale, wita the Bible, the foundation of our institution, open thereon, with a sword and ecales crossed thereon, The gray eagle ‘8 spoken of ag the heraldic emblem of the new confede- racy. But nothing is known as to which recoives tho sanction of the committee. Whatever be the flag, the people feo! assured it will be simple and appropriate, and evch a one as they will feel plensure in dying under if neceseary. ARRIVAL OF PRESIDENT DAVIS IN MONT GOMBRY, ALA. HIS SPTRECH AT THE FXCHANGE SPRECH, ‘The distinguished President eloct of the Confederated States arrived in Montgomery on the night o” the 16th on the ten o'clock train from Weat Point, accompanied by E. Barksdale, Feq., of tho Jackson Micsise(ppion, and Me ©. R, Dickson, algo of Jockeon, Missisriopi, and attended by the committee on the part of the State. ral Davis wae received at West Point by YANOBY’S MR, C, Bullock, on beholf of tho eoramiteer, in a most elegant and fitting speech, whieh « reeponded to im terms never surpassed for comprehension, powor, spirit and eloquence, Both rddris er consumed about twenty mi | | mutes ench in the deitvery, and were cheored thronghont hy the bystanders, General Day received with indescribable He was then conducted ts ( val peanenget 6 vided by Col. Charles 2. Pollard for the cecasinn, | train eped on its way, amid tho luzzae of the multitude | for their Presiden { | At Opelika Dr. Thornton, that place, extended n he who again rerponded by | burn the enthusiasm + fe ‘ared upon the platform, and delivered | and benuticul speech to the crowd wh | to greet him. Loackapoke wan in a bia to hear the new Prerident, but by point to address them, the cond an order to more further snd ftop | on, continued on bis cource to Monte joints on the route there were cae f 8’ thrilling accents were motions of gratifeation. by the of yons of | t another short bed aseomb'ed | of exeitement | NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1861.—TRIPLE SHEET. ~- the train being behind the time could not heed the invi- | device for a ons. Arrived at “the depot in Mont ‘was welcomed to the | & as thesun rose, lifted the mist, and dispersed the erent ihesotrn Catan sy e88 feaard safe harbor of constitutional liberty and polit! apy o ale lause.) Thus we 2 bomogeoa F shes at home we have to fear abroad, és but will redeem the pledges the chartered rights thus given to us, that Southern valor still lives and shines as brightly as in 1776, in 1812 and in every other conflict. (Applause.) I was spformed, my friends, that your kindness only yuired that J should appear before you. Fatigued by travel and hoarse, I am unable to speak at any length, but I feel grateful to you, among other manifestations for good will exhibited on this occasion. I come now to d: the great duties devolved upon me by the kindness and confidence of the Cengress of the Confederate States. I thank you, my friends, for the kind manifestations of fa- vor and approbation which you exhibit on this occa- sion. Throughout my entire ess to this city I have received the same ering demonstra- they gave, redeem, too, Mons (of regard and approbation. | 1 didnot re. war em as personal 1m} ut as tender to me as thc humble reqeenentaiive of the Toyo to and policy of the Confederate States. I will wo the duties of tho high office to which I have been called all that I have of heart, of head and of hand. If, in the progress of events, it shall become nec: ‘my ser- vices shall be needed in another position—if, to be plain, acne shall require that I shall a. enter into the ranks of the soldiery, I know that you will welcome mo there. (Applause.) Now, my friends, thanking you for this manifestation of your approbation, allow me to bid you good night. MR, YANCEY’S SPERCH. Hon. W. L. Yancey came forward and said:—Fellow Citizens—As the distinguished gentleman who has just addressed you bas said, the country does ‘not now look to men, but to prinicples.’ But how fortunate is our country? She has not only the principles for the administration of government, but also the man. She has found in the distin- guished gentleman she has called to preside over her public affairs, the statesman, the soldier and the patriot. (Ap ‘fhe has the statesman—one aoeony zible airs, thoroughly understanding eat principles cn wi ‘our government is based, wise and moderate. She has the soldier, distinguished upon the field of battle, wise in council, terrible in the charge. (Applause.) She has a patriot, just, ee ad and incorruptible. pape Neither fear would de- ter nor favor seduce him or cause him to swerve from the ize ofrectitude and duty. I may say again, fortunate, rice fortunate, are the people of the South. They have found the man as well as the principles—a man in whom are combined in so eminent a degree the wisdom of the statesman, the skill of the soldier, and the incorruptibili- ty of the patriot. The man and the hour have met. We may now hope that prosperity, honor and victory await his administration. (Applause, The immense crows qui dispersed. INAUGURATION OF THE PRESIDENT. A SOLEMN SCENE. President Davis was inaugurated and took the oath of office at the capital on the 18th inst. The procession formed at the Exchange in the following order:— Musio. Military escort. The President elect, with Vice President and Chaplain, in open carriage drawn by six horses. Congressional Committee on ceremonies of inauguration, Committee on part of the State of Alabama. Committee on part of the authorities of the city of Mont- gomery. Commissioners to this government from States other than the States of this Confederacy. Governors of the several Confederate States. Judges of the Supreme Courts of the several States of the jederacy. Ministers of the Gospel. The above in carriages. Citizens generally, in carriages. Citizens generally, on feot. The whole under the command of General H. P. Watson, At twelve o'clock, with s sulve of ane, the Process! + twelve o'clock, with a galvo of guns, tl ion moved up to the Capitol, where a platform had been erected in front of the portico for the President of Con- grees, the President and Vice President elect and the members of this Congress, together with the Governor of this State and the committees. An immense con- course of people had assembled long before the proces- sion arrived. When the President had taken his seat round after round of cheers greeted him, but silence was eon obtained, when Rey. Dr. Manly offered up one of the most imprestive prayers ever listenod to. The President then read his inaugural address, which has already been published in the Hxraxp. Afler the address was de- livered he took the oath of office, administered by the Preeident of the Congress, With one hand on the and the other raised, he listened to the oath, and then, with upturned face and a solemn, earneat voice. he said, “80 help me God.” There was ecarcely a dry eyo in the crowd when the stern President himseif bowed his head in tears. God does not permit evil to be done with such earnest solemnity, such all pervading trust in his provi- dence, as was exhibited by the whole people on that day. At night the city was illuminated, ani the President received his fellow citizens at Estelle and Concert halls. There were but few conjectures as to the Cabinet. ‘The God of nations has designated the instruments of his will, and the people will be satisfied. This seems to be the general feeling of everybody, save, probably, the politicians, who seem to be overawed by the responsi- bilities of the times. PRESIDENT DAVI8 ON HIS WAY TO INAU- GURATION, While the President of the United States is on his pro- grees towards the seat of the federal government, with all the circumstance and pomp of royalty, thronged with ratellites and place seekers, his every movement heralded to the world, a plain man, of simple manners, is sum: moned by the unanimous voice of the people of an adjoin- ing republic to preside over ite destinies, and without preparation, without previous arrangement, in his simple enit of Virginia homeepun, and by means of the ordinary railroad trains, he obeys the summons and goes to the discharge of his responsible duties. Tt bas to the lot of few to witness a specta- cle of more real grandeur, or to eee more genuine and hearty enthusiasm, than ia exhibited as Jefferson Davis passes through the country on his way to his inaugu- ration. The telegraph, on the 15th, announced that General Davis would arrive in Atlanta on the next morni The intelligence created universal interest. A public meeting was extemporized, and a committee appointed to meet him on the State railroad and tender him the hospitali- ties of the city. The committee left in an hour, and met Ure downward train at Reeaca, some eighty miles distant, at nine o'clock P. M. Dr, Lewis, Superintendent of the State road, went for Mr. Davis, and found him in a crowded car and wrapped up'in a ket. Tho committee was presented without cempony, and most cordially received. Knowing that General Davis bad been two nights on the road, comfortable sleeping arrangements had been preoarent by the Superintendent, which were gratefully accepted by the Genera), r The trip to Atlanta, although made {n the night, ‘was a scene of spontaneous enthusiasm; illuminations, bontirea, salutes, every means by which a devoted people could testify its joy, were brought into reqnisition. At Adairs- ville, at tersville and at Marietta, General Davie re- sponded to the call of the people ia brief but telliag epecches. Not the least noticeable peculiarity of the trip wos the way in which the President elect would drop ‘nto immediate and profound slumber upon retiring, but would reepond promptly and most eloquently when called from his slumber by the crowds at the depots, At nine o'clock of the next morning @ levee was held in the ealcone of the Prout House, Atlanta, which, although the weather had become inclement and raining, was thronged by citizens of both rexer. At half-past’ nine lock, in Feeponse to a formal reception by the Mayor, ral Davis spoke for some fifteen minutes from the hotel baleony in a strain of manly and dignified eloquence which thrilled the vast crowd in front and clicited the bear tiest applause. on the ten o'clock train the President departed for Montgomery amid the cheers of the dense throng and tho firing of cannon, At eyei depot on the route crowds of citizens collected to teatity their loyalty to the new government and their devotion to ite chief, ‘ | Davis frequently reeponding when called out. He spreesed an carnest desire for peace, and a determina- tion to act on the defeusive; but if war muet come, if it is forced upon us, he pledged the best energies of his whole pature—relying upon a brave people and a just God for support, to defend to every extremity the rights nod honor of hie country. He compared the cay ies of the two sections for euetaining a war, both offensive and defensive, expresting the opinion that the North was greatly the most vuluerable, both because of its great commerce, which would be destroyed CA ge! and its highly cultivated and densely settled torritory—in which 9 hostile army could do irreparebie damage. But he expreseed the hope that moderate counsels would pre- vail and that both evctions would enter with a generous rivalry upon the rea, of peaceful prospority. There are two things neticerbie in connection with tho Preeident’® passage through thé couatry—the unstudied, optancous, hearty enthnsiam with whieh ho has been crywhere greeted, and the unanimous determination to stand b) the new government. For whatever division there may have beew before Recession, there is now but one wind. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOUTHERN CON- GRESS. NINTH DAY. Monteomeny, Ala., Feb. 13, 1861. Congress met to-day at noon. Prayor was offered by the Rev. |. ©, Davis, of the Methodist Protestant church. ‘The jcurnal of the preceding day was read and con. Ge fy mee Mr, Grermeve—T have received a model flag for the | Confedera estates, from Mr. Jacob Plate, of Angusts, desire to have referred to the Committee 4., wheb sent to me by citizens of Richmead county, Ga. I desire also to submitted to the same All of which referred. ir. ‘Was fo received communioaticra which I ask leave to lay before Congress: Broway, Ga, Feb, 11, 1861, Ry ep ad , the great of eostie, Comme tne with those of the South and Gulf. fe Steemee pene eee own private expense, a railway Etowab, a distance of from three tothe spot where the worksare regions is said to be equal to any in works are extensive, and with very lit capable of turning out almost any desirable q: ordnance, The sit iB excesding’y. ite locality. There is no point in the does not immediately comm: sno 4 ral lines 1g _nort there -is communication to this point, and also to Savannah, to Charleston, and soon will be to Pensacola, I can, Mr. President, conceive of no site that could be more eligible than the wi these works are located. Again, sir, said Mi right to the character 0” the gentleman at the works—the Hon. Mark A. Cooper—he is known of the members of this bedy, by reputation, if felect” 1 doubt "whether Georgie has. his’ sup tellect. loubt whe' IN superi What he undertakes Ir. . I presume that the Commi Finenee can find leisure to devote to this subject; and it alge comes up very appr ‘ately for his censideration, as it involves a copsiderable expenditure of money. move its reference to the Finance Committee, with in- structions that they make a special report on the sut cb. i Mr. Corry—I have two or three memorials in my pos- session relating to the same subject from gentlemen in Alabama, indicating different localities in the State of Alabama as suitable sites for a foundry, which spear, from geological and minerol fem dot to strate more requisites for an establishment than those mentioned in the letter of the distinguished gentle- man of Georgia. I have not those memorials at hand at precent, or I would present them now, but I will take oc- casion to do 60 at erne ees time. I Pet A merely 0 . 88) see no special reason iJ is oat should be referred ster not appropriate committee—the Committee on Military Afidirs. I no committee is en- trusted with more business than that of which the di tinguished gentlemen of Coe id (Mr. Toombs) is chair- map. Nor would I be willing that the final location of 80 important a matter as thisshould be made until after a scientific survey by some competemt officer of the army. I presume that this Covgress entertains the same views. I therefore hope that the reference will be made to the Committee on Military Affairs or to a special committeo— probably the last would be the best. Iam willing for its reference to any committee, except that on Finance, as that committee has a large amount of business on hand. At another time I may present memorials on this sub- ject, and at the same time express my opinions as to the Decessity of an armory. Mr. Wuicnt—I adhere to my Eeeenitny for tho See ee ee the works of ‘They are capable, with slight additions and alterations, of turning out, in a brief period of time, immense quanti- ties of ordnance. The reason why I desired the rofe- rence to the Finance Committee, of which the distin- guished gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Toombs) is Chair- map. was his personal know! of the works and the character of the gentleman at the head of them. He Cooper) is a gentleman di not only as a Gites, saving served his State upon the floor of Con- grees, but also in the fleld, and the latter qualification an important consideration in my choice of one to execute this work. I be with the reference to any committee, but prefer that on Finance. Mr Curry—I move to amend the motion by referring it to a special committee of five. After oiher motions, the matter was finally referred ta the Committee on Military Affaire. Mr, Cowra offered the following: — 4, That the Committee on Mili Affairs and the commie ‘on Naval Affairs be Instructed (o jaclude In aay propose sor the ‘army ani Piny eultbie provisions for such. officers of the army and navy of the United States as may have tendered a resignation Of Vicar cranmission In copeequenee of thelr adhesion to any Cr all the States of. this confederacy. The resolution was adopted. Mr. CRAWPORD ted a communication from the Postmaster at Columbus, Ga., which without being read was referred to the Committee en Postal Affairs. Mr. Manasexe offered the following :— Resolved, That the Committee on Commercial Affairs be inquire and report upon the expediency of re- aling the navigation Tawe df thoConfederaled Btates, and that they have leave to report by bill. Ibeg leave, said Mr. Memmingor, to say that I would not offer anything affecting any permanent change in our laws until after the inauguration of the President would not now where it not acase of necessity. The Congrees has continued in force the laws of the United States ip reference to the enrolling and registering of ves- sels, and consequently no vessel coming from oy. State outside of this confederacy has any bod to be admitted into Southern harbors without paying same dutics as foreign veesels; and no vessel, unless owned by citizens of this confederacy bas any authority to engage in our coasting trade. 1 think the laws had best remain as they are until after the inauguration of the President and tho thorough ization of the government. The resolu- tion is simply one of inquiry, and I hope at the proper time the committee will report a bill to supersede the present laws. ‘The resolution was adopted. Mr. Brooxr—In convection, air, with the motion made by the honorable gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Stephens), on presenting a model flag, 1 propose to offer the follow- ing resolution: 6, Th Committee on the Flag and Seal of the cy be instrueied to adopt and report a fag, as sl- possible to the flag of the United States, making only such changes as may be necessa the one from the other, and to adapt rangement of its stars And stripes, to the umber of States in this confederacy. I think, said Mr. Brooke, that it isa matter of much importance that this subject be acted on immodiately. flag ehould The time has come when be waving on the ocean, and I it will soon be sent floating over the fortresses of Sumter and Pickens. (Slight applause.) The object of this resofut! is to make the new flag to depart as little as possi from the old, In revolutionary times it is desirable to make as little change as possible in those things to which the people bave long heen accustomed. We should re- spect even their prejudices, The flag of the United States remaine yet the emblem of the former glory, strength ‘end power of our nation. We, Fir, as well as the North. ern confederacy, have an interest in ite past history. True, sir, it ie but asentiment; but the feeliogs which hallow that emblem are not those merely of custom or habit, but they are the result of aspiration. That fisg ie ‘an idol of the heart, around which cluster the memories of the past, which time can never offace or cause to grow aim, That flag, sir. is net only connected with our vieto- ries on land and sea, in the last war with Great Britain, but it is algo associated with our recollections of success in the Mexican war, where, baptised in Southern blood, it waved in glorious and consecrated triumph througbout that campaign. Sir, there is no reason why the North should appropriate that fing. It is eminently juthern flag. It is connected with one of the best of jr national aire. That air is of Irish extraction, but the words were written by a Soathern man, on board of a Rritieh man-of-war, which was employed in bombarding a Southern fort, And, sit, we can and will appreciate the gentimente which animated him, when, “in the dawns carly light,” he witnessed that flag which he last saw in “the twilights last gleam.” Sir, let us preserve it as far 98 we can—let us continue to hallow it in our _memo- ry—and still pray that ‘‘long may tt wave o'er the land of the free and horhe of tho brave.’’ Mr. Mmee—I trust the resolution of the honorable gen- tieman from Missiesippi (Mr. Brooke) will not he aepted. Should it be, sir, I would be very much disposed, with the concurrenes of my colleagues on tho committee, to nek to be discharged from further consideration of tho fubject, We conceived that the whole matter hac been referred to we in order that wo might deliberate upon it, ies ‘our views, receive suggestions from every quar. ter, and make then euch a report to this body as we could agree npon. Then the whole matter would come up be- fore the Congress for it to accopt, reject or modify as might com proper. But if, sir, we are to be inetrnoted to report a certain fing, 1 presume that we are a commit- tec functus officio, The whole matter will have boen re- moved frem ong hands. But have, sir, | coufess, a far- ther objection, I do not enter into the spirit of the reso- lution, nor do I admige the tenor of the remarks which were made by the honorable geptle- man from Mississippi. [ confess, ami f be vinguler in my views, that the stare and stripes have always appeared to me to be the emblem of a hostile and iyrannice! government. From my childhood, wherever I hove geen it, T bave felt that it was not a friendly floy—was not tbe casign of & government to which. wo could look for justice and protection. 1 acknowtedge the force of wssociation—the nobie associations whieh cluster aronnd the flag of one’s country, Whenever « people have severed their political relations there are many tiog bal to wupder and many memories had to oraso, Sir, in ovr Revolution je it not to be supposed that many of the people abandoned the glorious fleg of their fathers with yreat reluctance apd pin? They felt that the glories of Old 1 were their glories. They felt that they had @ portion in the history of their mother coum From the Magna Charta to the Revolu- tiorethey f¢ t they had an interest in the victories of Cressy and Agincourt—and it is not to be conceived | that they yielded those memories without regret, gentleman speak! thuer the fing of the United Statea, Trve, air, but I feol more pride in stating that the Palmetto regiment was there, and bathed its own State flag in the blood of many of $t# members and officers, and the warm heart of the \lant Colonel of their regiment, the chivalrous Butler, vent ite last puleation there, (Appianre.) That flag, that , ie dearer to my heart than the flag of th, tare PBiaten, for it was under that flag ‘the the beitie «Of Fort Moultrie was fought—it wag OL the resolution for the it. On Oobgress then went into secret eeasion, TENTH DAY. Mowraommny, Ala. , Feb. 14, 1861: Congress met to-day at noon, Prayer waa offered by ‘The journals of yesterday were read and Mr. Borce—Mr. President,! rise for the par of presenting to the Congress, with a view to its reference to the appropriate committee, the models for the flag of our confederasy. One of them has been sent tome by @ gentleman of Columbia, 8. C.—the beautiful capital of my State—the seat of refinement and intelligence— where the Southern heart beats as ardently as at any epot within our limits. The other is sent to mebya lady, with whom I am well acquainted, a neighbor of mine, who resides in the picturesque town of Winnsbo- ro, Fairfield district, 8. C. Sho is a lady of remarka- ble intelligence, whose path through life has been illus- trated by all those virtues which adorn the female cha- racter. I will take the liberty of reading her letter to the Congress. It is full of Rome in her best days, and might well have been read in the Roman Senate on that disastrous day when the victorious banner of the great ‘jan was visible from Mount Aventine. And I may Bh; thaten og ag our women are impélied by these sul sentiments, and our mountains yield the metals out of which wea- pases , the lustrous stars of our un} con- federacy will never pale their glorious ) baffled oppression may threaten with its impotent sword, or, more erous still, seek to beguilo with the syren song of ‘ ‘Wnorsp0n0, 8. C., Feb, 10, 1861, Hon. W. W. Borcr:— R—] send to signed by should be, the crescent great you with the name sh iblic,”” from 2d of a By Ea Just as I finished the “events” I heard nome Mr. Davis has elected t. Glorious news! ee are free! We have institutions of our own—a iaaacnerie ear eee what tesis prouder today of ig@bountsy knowing, aa we day That we bave fathers, hi ernie and brother, who are Rating ie vorayer read pa of every a who glories in saying “T am a woman of the South." Yours, On motion, the two flags were referred to the Flag Oom- mittee. Mr. Srapnews—I have now the model bag Be sn was sent to me by Mr. Platt, of Augusta, ft was unrolled and exhibited to the Cuaron and I have also another ‘Deautiful flag, with a leti ying -it, [the flag was exhibited) Gg! = patie Task to be referred to the oe! Committee. ference was made. ir. Toomns—I present a flag which 1 ask to be referred to the same committee. ‘The flag was exhibited and referred. Mr. Watxer, of Ala.—I hold in my hand a by one of the citizens of this State, which I aleo have referred to the Flag Committee. ‘The flag was exhibited and reference made. Mr. Crayton offered the following:— Resol That the Committee the J be autho- eat kbc phapalier pitete un thoy ney dente ka before the Congress, ‘The resolution was adopted. Mr. Nesser presented a communication on the subject of patents, which, without being read, was referred to the Committee on Patents. in propared to make a Teport to this body, but would prepared to make a report pre- fer to make it in secret session. If, thivefore, there be | no — ‘business, I move that Congress go into secret ‘ess! The motion was adopted, and the body went into ses- sion with closed doors. ELEVENTH DAY. Moxtoomery, Ala., Feb. 15,1961. > ‘The Convention met to-day at twelve o'clock. Prayer was offered by the Rey. Mr. Pellicier, of the Catholic. cburen. ‘The proceedings of the previous day were read and con- firmed. Mr. Cumzon offered the fcllowing:-— made to - Resolved, That s committee of six, consisting of ene depu cach of he Ruatee of, this confederacy. to bed “4 by, the deputies of uh, staien rempecttvely, be Sppninied to act in con}unction with the committee appolited by the public authorities of this city, to make suitable mente for the Teception and tion of the President elect of the Cone federate States, Adopted. Mr. Brookxasked leave of absence for his colleague, Mr, Campbell. Leave was granted. Mr. Srxpuevs—I have a model for a seal, sent tome by a citizen of Georgia, together with » communication, which I ask to have referred to the Flag Commttice, Granted. ‘The Prestmxxt—The Chair will state that be has re- ceived @ communication on the subject of the sale of some Vessels to the provisional goverament, which ho + asks may be received and referred to the Committee, Naval Affairs. The communication was acoordingly te. ferred without being read. Mr. MxmminGer offered the following:— Resolved, That each of the standing committees of C - be authorized to cause t> be printed any matter that Key may deem requisite for the use of each committee. Adopts Mr. Snorrer, Chairman of the Committee on Eagroes- ments, reported as duly enrolled the resolution of Con- gress accepting the sence of five hundred thou- sand dollars made to tl ernment of the Confederated States of America by th of Alabama; also lution that the Judiciary Committee be authorized to- Rave Soe meee Peinied Saag aay Steere. to lay be- fore Congress. Mr. Fearx—I present a letter from Mr. John B. Reed, | citizen of Tuscaloosa, on the eubject of a projectile, Tt has befpro the which is deemed very valuable. deen public for some years or more, and has received the en- dorsement of scientific gentlemen connected with the military institution at West Point. I move that the jet- ter be referred, without reading, to the Committee on Naval Affairs. . ‘The reference was made. Mr. Fkarn—There is present here this morning one of , the deputies from the of Texas. The others are on their way, and are daily expected. I beg to offer to the Congress an official copy of the ordinance of secession paseed by the State of Texas and the credentials of the deputies. As Mr. Gregg is present, I move that he be in- vited to take a seat in the Convention, Mr. Wrmers—If I am rot misinformed the ordinance of secession passed by the Convention of the Ree, or Texas has to be submitted to the vote of that State for its rati(ication. If this be true I cannot see how Texas pa Bs time — ee aioe ie ener sent be reprerented in this Congress. The Presipkxt—The ordinance is here, and can be read. for tho information of ene. The Secretary then read the ordinance to dissolve the Union between the State of Texas and the other States united under the compact styled ‘the constitution of the United States of America” The Secretary also read the credentials of the depatien from Texas to this Congress. The deputies are:-—Mesers. >” Lewis T Wigfell, John B. Reagan, John Hemphill, T. N. Waul, John Gregg, W. 8. Oldham’ and William B. Ochil- tree. | The credentials were signed N. M. Roberts, Presi~ dent, and R. T. Brownrigg, Secretary to the Oonvention. ‘The deputies were commissioned to represent the State of Texas in the Congress to the extent of the powers con- ferred upon them by the Convention of ihe prople of Texas. The second section of the ordinance provides that. the ordinance shall be submitted to tuo poop'e of Toxas for their ratification or rejection by t)» qualifia’ voters: on the 284 day of Pebruary, 1881, and, uulees rejected by a mejority of the votes cast, sbail take effect and de fm force on and after the 2d «ay of March, 1861 Mr, Feary movei that the ecmmiunicatios from Pexae be referred to n special commrttee of three, a8 tia ape parent the appointments, are not perfect’ Tho saotion ‘wae adopted. ‘The Viosinent appointed the following ae that comuit- tee:—Mesers, Fearn, Miles and Marshall Mr. Toowns moved that the oputy from Toe (itr. ), who ie bow presrat, be to tak this Convention. Adopte: ‘The Preeipent then invited Mr. Gregg to nove t a seat in the Convention. Mr. Swrrt—A gentleman from ‘febilo hu p' hands a roodel or der f @ national the to have submitted to the Committee ted, Mr, Warxen—It is important t tions fo the inarguration be completo that tho roll of States be called. ond Ict ie member for the Cr and Teen guration of the Presi - ; The roll of States w 1 the folowing committee was avnou Of siamese Mr. Anderson, of Fiori’a a eorgin; Mr De Of Lousiana; Mr. ary, of Mississippi, an f Gouth Caroling, 7? VeAWOIRD!, ad Mr Mr. Kerrr—If in order, Mr. President. 1 move that the iraveuration of the Preridont elect be fixed for Monday, at one c'eleck. Adopted. Mr. Ruwrt then moved the Congross go into secret ses. slop, which was adopted During the eecret sasion to. day the ‘ollowing resolu. tion and act were adopted rua feoreay 1 MVE ' A RESOLUTION TO CONTINUE IN OFFICY THE OFFICERS OF rit cvsrows, Revolved Sz. the Confederate States of Americs, in Con. rermbled), That, nntti otherwise provided’, the severad connected with the collection of eustoma, duttes. sa fe be, and ary ernie wove with theft PO ae effect at the same a, i vf