The New York Herald Newspaper, February 9, 1861, Page 4

Arrival of the Canada at Malifax, Vigo at this — | Port, and of the Auglo Saxou’s Mails i set to work and subdue neighhors before they oan attack are (reely expressed here, both by Englishmen, that shou'd there be any considerable party at the North against the government of Mr. Lincoln, iu the event of an appeal to force, New ‘York and Philadelphia would at once become a prey to ¢.vil war, aparehy, fire and sword. Your jeading moneyed and business men can doubtless | do much to avert such a stato of thtngs, and the lend TWO DAY AFFAIRS ON THE CONTINENT. LATER. Views of the English Press on the American Revolution. | EFFECT ON THE FRENCH MONEY MARKET | THE FRENCH MILITARY PREPARATIONS. The Bombardment of Gaeta Continued. : The Sardinians to Release the French in Rome. IN COTTON. SUGHT DECLINE THE GURNEY D:‘VORCE CASE. Our London, Paris, Berlin and Genoa Correspoudence, ke, ke, ae, ‘The steamship Canada arrived at Halifax early yestor day morning. She left Liverpool on Saturday, the 26th ult., and Queenstown Sunday, the 27th. ‘The steamship Vigo, Captain MeGuigan, arri yesterday afternoon, She left Liverpool on tho 2 and Queenstown on the 24th ‘The mails by the ttoamship Anglo-Saxon, from Liver- pool the 24th and Londonderry the 25th ult, which ar rived at Portland Wednesday vight, reached this cit Thursday at midvight. The main poin's of the news by this arrival have already been given; but we publish this moruing some additional details of European news of general interest. The Liverpool Post of the A very curious result of the seceesion, 20 far as it has gone, has just come tolight. American ships in this port ‘and, nodonbt, in mauy others), trading with the ports of South Carolina apd Georgia, Justom: House, ( sail thither under i The stare und stripes would, of course, in the present state of fe tng, be rofused admission, while the British flag will be heartily welcomed. One conaequenee of this is upprece- Gented—tho British ships are getting larger froights. The Liverpool Shipping Gazaite, 10 a Vamdor explaining the cause of the continuous heavy bullion shipments to America, says:— Some time since, whilst alluding to the probable amount cf gold that would be shipped from this country to the United States, us an actual balance of trade against us, arising from the outilow of breadstulls Lo whe United Kiogdom, we intitasted that the supply would be about £3,500,000. The value of gold actually forwarded to this date will be about £3 000,000; so that, according | to our estimate, £5 meet the actual claims upon us. We of produce in December {10m Amer! Official quantities are given.) that we have even now something ke £1,000,000 to send away to pay (or fool, a large portion of which is | still at sea,and so much ing to the det ciency in last years harvest enormous qnantity of graim ip this been drawo upon and not realized; and, shown, the quantities on pas mast bo ¥ There must also be an ex 11 i Our markets—say $s in the price of {lou 8. in wheat—to pid vent steady shipments from t wtes. The oficial journal of Be contrary to the general op’ Pros ought to act in tho affair of the Duchies, not as the in Strament of the Diet, but as the directing Power, that it is hor dnty to defend, not alone the rights of Holstein, Dut those of Schleswig, and that the necessity woutd be fully recognized by the Prussian representatives aad people Advices from Vienne state that the Emperor of Austria here ult, aays:— 0,000 have yet to be exported to valuo tha exports ms to follow has issued decree annulling the elections made by the Com tats of persons who had fled the country from politi cai ressons. ‘The same decree proclaims the intention of acting rigorously againet all persons who shall refuse to pay thei tox The re-establishment de facto of tho pro- ‘visions of the law of 1848 is interdicted, and in cave of opposition the commissions of the Comitats will be sas- pended. Meetings in the Coraitats are forbidden, and all auterior ordinances will be executed by force. None of the ordinances of the diploma of October up to this day wil! undergo any modification by the present decree. ‘The concessions madg to Hungary are maintained intact ‘The people of Dalmatia still protest against thoir annexa. tion Croatia. They have named a deputation chargod to lay their objections before the Emperor. In the mean time the Conferences of Agram, where this questiva was to have been settied, are sngpende A large popular meotirg has been held at Odensce, Denmark, when addreses were voted to the King for the entire exclusion of Holstein and Lauenberg from the joint state. Accounts from Copenhagen state that the Danish government is manifesting the most wartike disposition It is stated to have resolved, as soon as the Diet at Frankfort shall have prescribed federal execution, to Collec! an army of 40,000 men on the Eider, and to pro claim the state of adage in the Duchies The two cham bers, which are at this moment united, energetically support the government, All the soldiers on furlovgh have been recalled. Tho Da cavalry, inereased to its war effective, is in great part to be remonnted, and the infantry are to be provided with rifled muskets; all the fortseeses are about to be completely armed, each rural district is bound to supply a certain number of horses for the artillery, and, lastly, the Duchies them. neives have had imposed on them an extraorlimary tax, in order to provide, in conjunction with Depmark,for war expenses Our London Correspo adence, Loxpos, dan. 19, 1861 Sevssiom Abrcad—Napoleoe (11. Desires a Dissolution of the American Uniom—Commercial View of Seoession— Speculations Concerning the Recolution—The Large North ern Citves to Pall a Prey to the Mob—Knglish Capitalio's Ansrisnis to Sell the South Arme—Sonthern Credit Miroan— $1,000 for a Secession Article in the London Times—Af- Sairs im Haly—Denmark: and the Duchies, de, ce. ‘The great lion of the day in our foreign intelligence now is the—what shall I say’—the war on the weat side of the Atlantic. Rochofoucauld penned that very mortify: tng maxim that “there ts something in the mistortanes of ‘our best friends timt does not displease us.” On that ground, probably, it is not altogether a cause of mourn fog that the lusty and vigorous Jonathan is like» house divided against itself. I have the best warrant ‘or assur ing you that the Emperor of France would like to see the American Union rent fo twain. it would divide aad weaken that gigastic power that thréatens on to tike an important part in the politics of the world. Tu not aay that all the despotioms of Kurope—Austria, Bom. F the devil and the Quoon ba, Russia, the Pope, of =Spain—would heartily rejoice wo ses your whoie nation bronght to nought. So you must eit bear in mind that not only the eyes of Distory, bat of Burops, aro upon you. Of course all ‘Maxime of prudence, all good advice, all warnings of the Past, present and future are lost upon madmen, and on neh that have embarked in any dread venture aud gone 00 far to recede, Still there may be some who will take ‘8 fort of femicalm view of any dispassionate opiuions and pertinent facta from the Old World ‘The trading and commercial classes rogret the imbro giio, for it injures trad oy namco aud embarrasses end retards commerce. The a) politictans of the Old World, and particularly in Pugiant, regret it very inuch, for it destroys the effect of many a political comparison and oratorical figure ib the party politics of the day. t can no fonger point with stunning effect w Ameri can instivations in support of tue extreme moasures of the ‘Manchester school; Cobsen can vo more hat repud fics alone are free from rs Considerable quietude bas been created bere as tot maiitinate reeuit of the struggio and its provable duratiy : tho attitude lately taken by Northorn demoors's Widently they alone possess any power over Pres) lout Buchanan, for without their ail the poor old man |s q without s party, It relieves the entire strogg'e must terrible and revolting aspect to see the N demoors'* ranged on the side 0° Of law and order, Let tho South Office on) ‘hen let any considerable party at with the secessionista, and you Haim olutions and etyil war. t ite thorn | a queve is f anv) ue North at once v war at the North, iu {te moat hor je and re ort Thon, ‘imagining that Laneoin's party the uatioual wand tudividual power he | | ready seoa one man who ! recognition in avy court or port im Europe. i | break, tires crvck | | To go to work seriatim to break down the cou men in your democratic wre, quite as much, Ihave al- has boen inquiring for an agent of South,as he wanis to sel them two powerfut | Steamors; terms, cash aud vo conditions or promises H fareapier. As South Carolina has made all calowlations | to Bes on foot a complete diplumaiie and con- eular cetablishment, it may be as well to inform — th gent'omen that not one single one of those etiiciais could possibly receive the sighte ‘ if thoy were to be received, of course the regular American rope > sentative would at once cemand his abd sbacap his legation. If they are precipitate aad passineto at |-home, pray tet them be advised not to mako fools of ener abroad, Asother thing, if they desire to purchase any rifled canpon—Paixhans, Armetron, = ieee, they inust come over with the bard tin, and not talk avout credit, mortgages on eat cotton plantations or rice Swamps, or navional bi of the State of South Carolina oraby Seceding State. 1 do not believe the united obligation of every State south of Virginia and ‘Temmessee, or these included, could, im the event of secession or civil war, be sold on a European bourse for twenty per cent, even to as moderate an amount 4s one or two millions sterling. With all of Presitent Lincojn’s administration, and the prestigo of national right, the aucieut seat of goverumeat, abd all that, it would not be easy for the United States to borrow moncy, at any or tinary rate, here in London. Lot not your Southern poople ty» deesived by the weak article in the London Times of yesterday (Jeuuary 18) on the state of America, It dees not represent a frag- ment of British pubiic opinion. It ia contrary to the ai- most amiversal opinion of the people, contrary to the knowledge avd surmises of the British government and British statesmen, avd contrary to the entire potioy of the Times for the last three months—as long @ perted, vs that journal usually hugs the | samo opinion. I happen to know ‘that certain American political pressure has been broaght to bear on the London Times to get them to say something courage the South, but they bung back Ul, finally, a tropger argument waa brought. I have the best as vi f i that the article was written to or der and paid for in mouey—in gold from South Caroli and the price £200, $1,000. Copies of the paper comtaia ing it go out m today’s stefimer to ‘aft ‘the Southorn States, and you will see it reproduced in every secession paper south of the Votemne. Had the article been writ ten by am American, who knew the polities and geogra phy of the country, some of the more palpable and ab surd weaknesses of the writer would baye beca avordod. sions ar what no man of common sens 2 AS well undertake to prove thut tho dayli,ht is caused by the sun Italian affairs ace patting on anothe Frexch Emperor withdraws his fleet Sugland and Ru rived at is would = att now phase. Tho o-day. at the earn The armistice soon do whiz Though affairs are cor Emannol’s wide domain sms master of the position almost eu. tirely, ond the fisdahing strokes will, be the 6 Gaet nd Mecsita ‘Phase events must now bon hand, The next herd work will be to restrain Guribs from keeping his promise to the Venetiaas—a task that Count Cavour's Cabinet are now bent A speck of war rises up in the much vexed swig-Holstein cao, and Prnasia is holding herself ingss for any oveut. Considerable excitement has been created by the inteKigenee which has arrived that Lonis Napoleon has ordered every reginont of his vast army t be put on a war footing. Evyory one agrees that the year of grace 1861 will be a more entfal one than any one of ils mnmeuiate predecessors, and (hat for both Kurope and America. hear fren a source that may bo covsidered perfectly anthentic, that Avstfia is about pur chasing several powerful steamers—out of that country— to be al once armed and set t> cruise in tho Adriatic. ‘These will hold any approach of Garibaldi ia cheek, un- wecked by thé entire power of the Sardiuian navy. bles wig-Holst >in, nt hag given a “iirst warning” to the Danish Court that certain concessions must be made. or Denmark cannot count on the support of Great Britain. This is the first political baby born since the “ daughter of Englana” married the Dutcl man. There will no doubt soon be a numerous family. One effect of our cold weather, which by the way is rrowing far more amiable, and letting up the ‘hermome- tor toa respectable figure of bigh spirits, has beon in a monstrous, and incessant, and never ending, and never- to-be forgetten, chapter of railway accidents. Whosls axles come in two, rails shiver under the bard grip of Jack Frost, and the consequence has been that not one day in five passes without serious railway disasters, the British governm Our Paris Correspondence. 4 Pats, Jan. 13, 1891. Paris Gossip—A Caricature of American Marmers on the French Stage—Les Femmes Fortes—Prench Idea of Ame rican:—Thealrical Reform—The American Honaparte— Squire, Ue Boston © Alejum’’—The American Minister de., de. While the Parisian journals are mystifying and horrify ng their readers, by discussing American affairs ina manner which exhibits @ vast amount of ignorance of the principles which Hie at (he foundation of our government, a dramatist, with quite as much ignorance of the charac- ter and mamors of our people, has undertaken to amuse (he play going community with a caricature of Ameri- con peculiarities, M. Victor Sardon caNs his piece ‘Les Femmes Fortes” (The Strong Minded Women), and it has drawn crowds on every evening of its performance to the Vandeville theatre. The plot is this:—A Frenchman, named Quenten, who has been some years living in Ame- rica, returns to France, filled with what are supposed to be the prevalent ideas, and delighted with what are supposed tobe the prevalent manners and tastes of the country. He dresses in extraordinarily outlandi«h style, and wears a heavy gold watch chain and checkered pantaloons, and drinks coffee instead of wine for his breakfast. He brings with him an American governess, who dresses in Bloomer costume, and who is dry and sharp featured, badly dressed and strong minded. He intends that his two daughters shal receive the kind of education which young American ladies born and brought up in the bigh- est cireles are supposed to receive. That is, that they are to be allowed the most complete liberty of action; tanght to ride, to fence, to hunt, to row and perform pmynastic feats; to be allowed to promenade by moonlight with a sentimental cousin; to goto the thoatre alone if they please; to make visits and attend to business; and when there is no place left in an omnibus, to take a seat on the knees of the best looking male passenger, These are suppored to be the accomplishments and habits of American young ladies moving in the best circles of sootety. Gabrielle snd Jenny are not disinclined to profit by this enlarged Iiberty. An adopted danghter of Qventen acts, however, as their guardian angel, aud saves them from all sorts of adventures, principally of an amorous description, which would, without ber intervention, have proved their ruin. It +eoms that Lonhomme Quenten had gone to America for the purpose of finding a nephew, Jonathan Quenten, who had gone at an early age to seek his fortune in the New World. Ho has an interest in a manufactory, and the uncle desires that it shall be operated together for their mutual benefit, He does not find the nephew in Ameri- ca, but inserts an advertizement in the New York Hy nat, which, of course, Jenathan sees, and comes back to hia unelo at his country residence near Havre. ‘The author intended to make old Quentin only a shadow of » Yankee, while the nephew is tho anima! himself. He is dressed in that long talled, high collared bine goat, which is supposed to be the style which Americans af- fect. He floods the stage with tobacco juice, His first words upon entering are “ By God,’ and he fnterlards almcst every sentence with this strong and elegant ejacu- lation, which is supposed to be the favorite one in Amo. rican conversation, When he comes in he is ‘ whittling” a stick with » huge bowie knife, with which he also o¢ casionally picks his teoth, and ag 2 sharpened his stick down to the fine point of nothing, be seats himself wrong side foremost acroes a chair, and commonces hewing the back of it away with hia Howte knife. ‘Tho unele mildly enggests. that he should not thus maltreat his furniture, when the nephew, giving anothor furious hack, claims all the property as his. Ho raises a general excitement, and is ubout turning the old man ont of the house, when the adopted dangbter, again assuming the role of anye gardien, makes bim fall in love with hor, tomes him down, abd finally agreos to, marry him on condition of his sharin, Seo Broperty with the femily of his vncle—end £0 the whole thing ends happily. Ar a typecf American manners, the play itself is funny; but some of the newspaper comments upon it are funnier étill, and exhibit an tath acquaintance with our coun try and the eustoms of our people. The Cometitn'ionnel's critic finds fanit with the dres« of M. Felix, who “ dors’ the hero of the piece, who he says has neither the air leofan American. “In the United Sta en the carpenters wear patent leather boots Another critfe speaks of Jonathan as “ the wild beast of the Ohio.’ The man of the Prerse enlarges his crifique upon American customs, and says that all the Americans have Scripture names, aod thinks it dificult to reconcile this apparent respect for Biblical personages with their favorite amusemonts of burning miggera and cutting their fellow citizens to pioces with bow le knives. The, to church, he says, every Sunday, “ant lift up thelr Bloody hands in prayer to the God who makes the and glover."’ 2’ “Jovathaa,”” he reminds bis readers, is only a Frevehi American; but “what,” he aske, “would bey say at secing the genuine article come upon the rtage—a Yankeo from the banks of the Ohio, with a real bowie kuife in band and a revolver in bis belt.” The picture is too horrible to contemplate, and he “gives it up. A very important changé is to be made here in the ad of (he theatres, Atevery theatre ia Paris, at those patronized by the working peo ro previous to the opening of the dov ried, and in order to obtain a Seat it is neces Ary (© stand inthe pen alr and purchase tickete in turn, | This results from the universal system of felling the places during the day, and often several daya in | Hdvance, atm price about twenty five per cont highor than the regular price. This ix to be abo the coats are to be rold at the reyni om ai who chovse may retain them la 4 that rate. ange, T Of the little theatres, the Dejazet made ‘reform on his vesntpar vn oer r A case of a deai of importance in. terested is to Tried here outhe 20th. at 6 Bo naparte and his mother, Mrs. Patterso#, who bave beca i Ployed DM. Berry er to plead for them. An immenae quan- Uty of documentary evidence has already boen obtained, and the course of the trial will bring up the whole question of the legality of Prince Jerome's first marriage and of the “iverce granted by the French tribunala, ‘Lhe ‘legitt macy’’ of Jerome Bonaparte has alreaay been ackaow- ledgs d, but a family council, in 1856, dented the claita of the American Bonaparte to affiliation and suc- cows p as a branch of the imperial family. heir counsel wil ¢ tate that tis isa matter for tho iegal tribunals to scttle, and some interesting: Fy ama may be ex: 1e@ ted before the trial is conclud d Squire, the Boston ‘‘meqium,’’ who makes a table weighing a hundred pounds fly around a room in utt defiance of the laws of gravitation, is to exhibit bis ty lents, or those of bis “spirits,” before their Majestivs af ter the ball of the 234, Mr, Faulkner, the American Minister, gives bis second ball on the evening of the 26th, at his hospitable and ele gut mavsion inthe avenue Montaigne. What bas be come of Mr. Walsh, the Socrotary of, ‘Legation appointed in the place of Mir. Calhoun ? Consul, Mr. Spoucer, bir me five beg reception this winter. z a je. Faq., the tragedian, is spending a fow woeks in Paria , previous to the fuldimont of # sores of pre-engagt ments in England. * Panis, Jan, 18, 1861. ‘The Palitical Commotions of the Day—Parisian View of Se- cession—The War Question—Attitude of the Great Pow. ors—The Bonaparte Legitimacy Case—Business Stan uion in Paris, de., de. With so much to distract you at home, your interest in the general fermentation of the Old World must be cur- taJded. But in these days, whon the extremities of the habitable globe are traversed with lightwing spoed, no portion of it cam be agitated without theaympethy of the rest. Everything thas is going on at this eventful poriod on your side of the Atiantic is watched hore with intonse interest, not to say anxloty. Is it possible, it is suid, that So glorious a confederation will quietly submit to the de- stroyer? Will it not strike a blow for that unity which, In lees than a century, has raised it to an immoasureablo height of glory? To use might whore moral persuasion is powerless is 80 natural to French idoas, that you will not be surprised to hear that in France the tempor iziag poli- cy of Mr. Buchanan meets with few adherents, and that the maxim is desperate remedies for desperate cases. With ourselves the question is still to be solved, what shall be done in the spring The: government journals have evidently received their mot d’ordre vo write as if the probabilities were all in favor of a peaceful issue. Frglond is represented aa groaning undor the tvcnbus of 4 gigantic expenditure, and full of anxiety iest the exist. ing cisturbauce of tho United States should affect Ler wanu‘neturing poptilations. Rusia is described as boing wholly occupied about her internal aifairs; Austria bur- dened with financint difficulties, and France, though troubled with vone of these inflictions, most desirous of tranquillity em account of her commercial tariif with Kugland, and a similar one in prospect with Belgium. ardinia will never think of falling fout of Austria, and if Caribalds is foolhardy enough to knock his head against the Quadrilateral, bis narrow escape in the Volarno, but for the Piedmorteze, is sufficient to poiut out the fate what will befall bim But the organs of goverment in France have a knack ¢ director of ome } make a further advance im its cate of of taiking for no other purpose than to lead pecple off the scent, She truth is, a very strong suspicion prevails in well informed circles that the Rhine will, after all, be the eceve of some stirring events in the spring. The Schies- wig Holstein queetion, it is thought will yet bear feuit in this direction, Things are becoming raore and more onbittered betwixt Prussia and Denmark, and an under- standing has long existed with Russia that France may use her “good offices." The result of which is that on either side the Rhine yery warhke preparations are mak ng by the Powers most interested in that boundary — Yrapce and Pruseia;and as the new King of the lastmamed country ts rail to be determined on settling this Schies- wig-Holsteie question, and France is determined that he shal! not do eo in his own way, @ collision is by a0 means impossible. sfor unfortunate Italy, 1 fear nothing can be more orn than her present prospects. The French fleet has ready weil nig’ disappeared from Gaeta, and Russia does not send one in lieu. She only intimstes to Sardiain that she will not countenance a blockade on the part of any Power. Whereupon Francis If. sends word to Fran- cis Joseph of Auetfta that he intends to hold out to the death. The fact is, the French intervention hs already done its deetined work—that of rendering Italy almost an. impossibility for Victor Fmanuel. The state of Sicily ts one of a'most entire anarchy. The resistance Francis has been able to make at Gaeta bas produced a serions spirit of reaction at Naples; and Victor Emanvei’s suliiers, called upon on all sides to put down insurrections, are in uo Condition to measure swords single handed with Aus- tria. Garibaldi is looming in the diatanes, hat waat caa he if France hangs on his chariot wheels’ Wiser men in Paris than myself do not scruple to say that Napoleon has but one he ong te effect by bee steps ali that his uncle did by the tiger spring. But it litle boots to go cering down into a dark policy which must give forth ite secrets ere long. All things have their end, and the debigns of our str Emperor will not be an exception. ‘To morrow night the Princess Mathilde opens her noble rooms to a juvenile ball given by the litde Prinee Impo- rial to the young scions of his Sire’s court, and great is the flatter among the youthful eile of Paris. it tho parents of thege little people have juat pow a very ab. sorbing topic of conversation, quite sufficient to compen- sate them for resigning to their children the charms of ‘Terpsichore. On Friday next the legitimacy of the Princess Mathilde and of her brother, Prince Napoleon, is to be solemnly impugned beforo the Tribunal of First Instance. The son of the late Jerome Bonaparte, by his first marriage with Miss Patterson, of Baltimore, has, ag the legittmate sou of his father, demanded his portion of his inheritance, Berryer and begrand, the two ablest advocates in France,- not ‘only conduct his caee, but have recorded in @ printed memoir his inalienable claims to be acknow- lodged ag the erly true and legitimate son of the de- ceased brother of the great Napoleon. Ail the salons and boudoirs are full to the brim with the foteresting particulars, and certainly, if the facts of the memoir are aubstantiated—and it is Impossible to suppose they will not be, coming “rom a source so eminent—the son-in-law of Victor Fmannel, and bis sister the Princess Mathilde, are as poor bastards as any to be found among the en- fants trowres. ‘The published memoir shows that Prince Jerome, at the time he espoused ‘atlerson, Was DO miuor, bat of full age, and therefore did not require’ tho consent of his paren It shows that the whole circumstances connected with the marriage were of the most deliberate, formal and potent charac- ter, and that the imarriage was never im- pugned by the first Bonaparte, or thought of being #0, ll his Consulship extended into an imperial diadem, ‘Then, indeed, every species of chicanery and falsification was had recourse to. Madame Letitia, the mother, was made to withhold her consent; Jerome's age waa put’ back from twenty two to ninetecn, and the week young mau was beguiled into abandoning the wife of his heart, preg- nant with the fruits of his love, for a crown and a princess, ‘both of which soon slipped through his flagers. memoir shows, moreover, Low Fins Vil. solemnly refused to divorce the parties at the request of the Napoleon, and how the Emperor was obliged, like Henry the Eighth, to get his dirty work done by a temporary Archbishop; and, worst of ali, it shows how Jerome himself, after abandoning his wife ‘and child and marry ing anther, still found it impossible to smother the yearnings of his heart, and wrote again and agaia to his deserted wife to come and resido as a peeress ‘im bis dominious, bringing his sen with her, where a pa- lace and » prinecly fortune awaited them both, It is need- lees to ray that this North American lady disdained to make the slightest reply to such overtures. But they prove incoatestably that Jerome acknowledged the legiti- macy of bis child. en evil days fellon the Bonapartes there was no longer a question of the validity of Jerome's marriage with Miss Patterson, of Baltimore. When the son came to Eurepe, Madame Letitia blessed him as her grandson; Jerome openly acknowledged him to the whole family, hatled bim aa brother, nephew aud cousin. The Emperor seems, on the restoration of the second empire, to have behaved remarkably well, and all went on smoothly till young Napolon and Mathilde began to grow jealous, seeing into what glorious deep water the long tossed im: ts ship had snddeniy drifted. Oid Jerome, as weak in his old ge os in his carly youth, was now as rendy to repudiate his son as before he had been to repudiate his wile, and the American Bopapartes withdrew from France, taking care, bowever, to maintain the validity of thetr 1. No title, no name, no record would much ax hear ‘of that impertiled their rightful i now, in open court and in face of the civi- lized world, they are about to ask for justice. Of course, as regards the pesition of Prince Napoicon and his sister, the Princes? Mathiloe, socially they will incar no barm should the voraict be in his favor. The imperial breath has mace them what they are, aod can tmajutain them ; but, morally, an ioeftaceable blot will be cast upon them. The princess, their mother, will be the eoucubine, and not Mise Patterson, of Baltimore; and, lineal descendants of George the ‘Thitd’s sister, as they » they must be content to rank with the varions Fitzes who from time bo esse have figured as the representatives of royal de hery. ‘tate of the weather is such that the fmperor and Fanprest have ploced a sam of 95.000 francs at the dis pesition of the Prefect of Police for the purpose of making two hundred thousand distributions of \read and fi(teon thousand of fuel. It is hoped, says the Memitewr, that their Majesties’ example will be followed by others. fa the same cfticial bulletin that inakee this announcement special provisions are set forth for orga a military reserve, ‘The government protends that ali things tend to peace, but certainly nothing can be more warhke thaw | ite preparations. By way of gratifying military en. gineere, the Emperor is constructing 9 trireme on the exact move! of the old vessels of the Roman navy. troth is, ion of tnany the discovery of stenm as 9) 1 warfare ie not unlikely to 1 Drag ws back to a state of things little ditering from the Reman trireme, and the Emperor may have a deeper object than that of gratifying the lovers of naval arch logy. There would seem to be come indistinct footsteps die thie of the muranccrs of M Foinsot, the judge, who weaeeinated in the ratiwo’ cur. A raliway rag, left unknown traveller at n Switvorland, BAB 1 VO the deoeatin, Advices from Syria say nothing of any preparations for the departure of the French expeditiovary corps. Fverything is very dull at the Bourse, and rumors pre vail that the Bank of England hae |t ‘n contemplation to twovust I rincees Carolint Murat if at Nice, Placards are posted foplasment have ovly to prevent, tuemscivn. at te re w the woe municipality, wich will fiud thom work ia breaking on up apd removing the ice from the streets, covered with people amusing themecives aber ‘of whaus Last Sunday. was Bok the ow jess than 160,000. Hot drinks hot cakes are in sbundant demind. tig Panus, Jan. 13, 1861, Withdratoal of the French Flect from Gaeta—The Venetian Questém—The Policy of Frans and Sardinia—Generub Preparation for a War—The French Yroops Notts Leave Syria-—Affairs in Furkey—The Emperor and Empress om Skates—Scenes om the Bois de Boulogne—Brother Jmathan Participates im the Sports and Carries Off the Palm, dc. ‘Yo morrow the Freuoh fleet will leave Gaeta; but one vestel-of-war belonging to the Emperor Napoleon will re- main in that harbor, and that with no purpose of afford- ing a retreat to the obstinate young Bomba, but simply to be at the orders of the French representative. On tho morning of the 12th of this month, the Freach Ambassa- dor at Vievna formally announced to the Anstrian go- vernment that his imperial master’s fleet would retire from the harbor at Gaeta, because Francis IT. had de- clined to listen to the propositions of France, made with a view to the real intereets of himself, and with every desire to prevent occurrences that would endanger tue peace of Furope. ‘The Austrian Minister to whom this communication was made announced that the Austrian government would ‘deeply regret such a measure.” No doubt it will annoy Austria, for the speedy fall of Gaeta will loavo at iberty a Sardinian corps d’armee that she fondly hoped would be kept before that stronghold for mon'hs to come. At all events, Austria bas shown her sense of the unger to herself by making a new demonstration of force in Venetia, whore several more thousands of troops are to be at once sent. 1 am” assured ox good an- thority that both Victor Emanuel and Count Ca- vour deprecate the idea of attucking Venetia, but Garibaldi’s inflnence will, it is feared, precipi- tate events. Already measures are being taken by the Cavour Cybinet to counteract the workings of Garibaldi’s followers, bot it really seems that all will have to give way before the impetuosity of 2 people that have so long been ruled by others that they have no knowledge of soli government or restraint. History will grant to Ca- vour muh praise for bis present cfforts. He will do ail to prevent the coming struggle. May he succeed, must be the ardent wish of ail sincere tricnds of Italian inde- ndence, a Gertoany the uneasy feeling that has long pre- vailed has augmented siace ths wartke speech of the new King of Prussia. The question of the Hol etein will, tt 1 fearet, bring about a war, in which France will jom, and which will give to her the long talked about extension of frontiers to the Rhine. Bo thacas it may, here « geueral beef in a coming war is evicent. ‘The French troops will not, Lam led to believe, quit Syria at the appointed time. The Christians in the Leba- non bave represcnted to this government that once the French trocps gore the dreadiul scenes of last spring will begin again, and that a general emigration of the Christisus must consequently follow the departure ces, These powerful considerations © the Emperor, and the French troops may ria fowan indefinite period, to the intense diegust ard chagrin of honest Old Ecgland and her Premier, Lord Palmerston. The Morning Post, his organ, waxes wroth at the very thought of the stay of the Emperor Nopolcon's troops in Syria, and denounces beforehand all such doings; bnt its praise of the Turks, and its covert encers and inuensoes againet Franee, witl but slightly shake the determination of Napoicon IIL., let it be what it may. [am inchned to think that bis Majesty has de. cided upon the further occupation of Syria. Some two moaths sioce | announced to your readers the increased armaments of Corfu and Malta, as well as Gibraltar. Our evening papers now state that the garri- sons of the strongholds have been doubled, and that the English Mediterrancan fleet had becn greatiy increased in numbers. At Malta, where the gurrison numbered 3,000 troops, there are pow 7,000. At Corfu there has been a atill greater increase, and it 3s remarked upon as a most sig- nificant fact that the militia in these Rritish provinces have bad their pay increased to that of soltiera of the reguler army. What does all this mean? is avked here with ardent concern The last advices from Denmark aunounce that the Ministry of War is taking measures to supply the infantry with rifles. all soldiers on far tough are recalled to their regiments, and the number of cavalry horses greatly aug mw ‘The artillery is being supplied with rifled can- hong, and the frontier fortifications are being improved. All thee warlike preparations may not lead to war, but the general impression is they will. the fellowing ts the text of the proclamation made by Vietor Fmannel to the Neapolitans at the period of his departure from Nay talians of the Neapolitan Provinces:—The cares of government havo obliged me, to my regret, to separate myself from you. I cannot give you a greater proof of afiection than that of sending you my beloved ‘cousin, Prince Eugene, to whom | am wout to entrust the govern- ment of tho monarchy during ny absence. He will go- vern the Neapolitan provinces in my name, and with the samo powers which I exercised myself, and which I had delegated to the illustrious states: man who withdraws from that honorable oilice in consequence of the loss of a dear relative. Repose the same confidence in Prince Eugene of which you gave me such undoubted preots; and, while waiting your repre- sentatives iu Partiwament, aid him im tho task of unifica- tion which he comes to'promote by your concord and civic wiscom. Europe, which for the last two years has been viewing wi h astonishment the great facts which are being accomplished in Italy, will learn from your conouct that the Neapolitan provinees, if they entered late into the society of their liberated sisters, are not on that account lees ardent in their firm resolve to see our bay country united, VICLOR EMANUEL. b, Cave ‘Tur 7, 5 Acvices from Constantinople state that the Porte has id the Jeddah indemnity to France and England. The vorable news of the loan had revived confidence and evented numerous failures, which would otherwise we occurred. Austria had applied to the Porte to ar- rest the Hungarian ané other emissaries on their passage through Turkey. Klapka is im the Principalities. The European commission at was received with menaces, even from the female part of the population. Lord Dufferin is said to have interrogated nearly a thou. sand inhabitants of Damsseus, and all declared that the Christians were in imminent danger. Jam aseured that the Anglo French treaty will come into full Cony before the period tixed upon. The Menitevr will soon announce the Ewperor’s deci#ion to give immediate effect to the treaty, and thus obviate the inconvenicnce to commerce of # longer delay and sns. ~ vd the commercial intercourse between France and is Majesty is preparing a curiosity in naval architec ture. Having made many researches in matters of anti quily, in connection with his “Life of Julias Cesar,’ he has given orders for the coustrnction of a Wireme on the exact model of the old vessels of the Roman uavy. It is to be built near Asnieres, under the superintendence of M. Margin, eugiucer, and from drawings by M. Jal, His- toriographer of the Mariue, and Cougeryator Of the Ar- chives in that department. On Wednesday evening next will take place the grand Dall at tho Tuileries. {shell endeavor in my next letter to give your readers am account of the aifair, as it will be ‘@ most brillant reunion of the elite, We have been on- Joying to the full the chance for skating that two weeks of ‘unmtei rupted cold weather have afforded us. The ponds at the Bois ve Boulogne are covered with ice sore live or six inches thick, and thousands may be seen daily sliding and skating over the smooth sar- face of the iakes and rivers of that enchanted re- sort of the pleasure seekers. The [imporor and Empress and suite have enjoyed the fun as well « others, At first their Majesties patrouised the lakes in the Bo's; but annoyed, no doubt by the too great crowd that gathered around ‘them, they, with thoir suite, have Mitte about the border of Seine, near the Beis-de-Bou- be aig riap d and sliding first on one pond and then on an- + thus escaping the crowd and having more space for eojoyment, The dite, of course, find out the change of ‘spot, and every afternocn a most picturesque scene {8 presented. Many of the ladies skate: others, ro- clining im ¢ ied sleds, are pushed rapidiy about by their admirers, Who, on skates, castiy dash along with their fair char ¢ Kmperess has made a ‘old attempt at kating, dressed in an Oy er costume (short skits, woollen jacket and thicl ) Her Majesty made hor first trial a. ‘upon bool od at_Longehampa, just back of the race track near is, Two gontlewon tore — held an arm of the fair ee, and with their helpehe pushed along, her merry laughter ringing over the ice as her at heels flew out before or bes hind with what wouls have been effectual attempts to get highor than her crowned head, withont the afore said gentlemen on side of her Majesty. The Emperor with his vsual grayi- ty a kindly mile and nod being extended to all that came in hie way. The Countess de Morny skates ‘and sleds about cach day, while her liege jord, Cunt do Morny, likewise enjoys the sport with a gusto that rivals tbat of the younger skaters, ‘The United States (I suppoee one may still use this ex- rdertae South Carolina to the hy sip Bd well repre- ented in this gathering ot the elite of ‘te on the ice. By far the best skaters are the Americans. Mrs. Rovalda or Reynolds, of yo is +, a etn a eeu palm’ among the oa. 1 migl that in point of beauty she does the same. Many and high flown ore the compitmentary remarks made about her by the male portion of the Court ag she gies by gracefully, her animated and beautiful face with the agresable exercise, It is traly a pretty sight. Among the Ameri. can gentlemen there are many that attract attention by thet evolutions, bold and graceful at the samo time, [ overheard, yesterday, the Emperor and Count de Morny warmly admiring the address of Mr. Cammack, a young Vhilac olphian, T believe, that bas resided in Varis for neve- ral yours. His skating is really remarkable. about with @ rec kiesevess and address that stamp him ost skater on the ice. Thoir Sajosties indulge daring the afternoon {uv 4 lunob that is neatly spread out on the ice, The Empreas is evidently much better in health noe the commencement of the cold weather. Sho takes deily exereis#, sod ber melancholy ta dtestpatiog rapidly, Us the great delight of her Majesty's respectful friends. ‘The Prince Imperial is likewise in excellent healtis, Our Geriin Correspondence Brau. Jan, 16, 1861. Opening of Owe Prusian Chamber of Depnitica— Attending Coremomiee—Puttio. Opinion Relative to the King's Syerch— Pot oy of the New Government, die., &o. ‘Lue session of the Prussian Chambers was oponed oa Monday with more than usual solemnity, For the first time cince the existence of constitutional government in this country a new King had ascended the throne, in whose power the members of the Legislature had to ro: gow the gath of ddelity sworm to bis predecessor, The NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY FEBRUARY 9, 1861—TRIPLE SHEET. cere mony took place, according to custom, in the while talom! of the Royal Schloss, the appearance of which, howew?r, differed considerably from that presented by it ‘on forma’ occasions. Instcad of soartet, the throne was surmounts 4 with a canopy of biack volv@® lined with ermine, a ack carpet was spread ou tho steps, and tho Seat occupied by the King, as wel! as the cight fautoulls on his right hand, intended for the scions of the royal family, the cha "8 On the left destined for tho Ministers of State, and the taboureta in froat on which the regalia of she Kingdom were to b9 deposit- ed, had exchanged their crimaon trappings for purple. ‘The saloon itself w28 hung with purple drapory, aud curtain of the same calor adorned the tribunes on which the ladies of the royal house were seated. Boon after eleven o’clock A. M. the members of the two Chambers began to arrive, many of them in uniform, with black crape roucd their arms; and those -who wore plrim clothes, im dress mourning; the Knights of the Black Eagle with their gold chains about their necks, and the corps diplomatique appear aw grand comple. in the plices reserved for them. The Grand Dukes of Baden und Saxo ‘Weimar, and Prince Frederiok of Hease (heir presump- tive to the Electorate), were also present, and at tweive Ofsiock the Queen entered, attended by her daughter in- law, the Crown Princess, her daughter, the Grand Duchess of Baden, and her sister, Princess Charles, all attired in the deepest mourning, and closely veiled. The royal procession was arranged in almost the same order as at the funeral of the late King. First came Marshal ‘Weangel, bearing tho Prussian staudard, supported by two aidea-decamp; the Prince Radzivil, with the crown; General Grabon, with the giobe; Count Graben, with the sceptre,{and Gencral Lindheim, with the aword of State, and finally the King, surrounded by the Priucos of the roya' family and the officers of his bousehold. His Majesty wore tho uniform of a Prussian Field Mar. shal, with a helmet and the collars of the Black Eagle and Hohenzollern, and as he passed through the saloon was greeted with loud acclamations, which he returned by lifting his helmet and bowing to the assembly. Ho thon took his seat on the throne, the Princes, Miniators and Generals ranged themselves around it iu duc order, and the Prince of Hobenzollern presented a paper, from which his Majesty read the speech. Iu the beginning his yoico trembied with emotion, but afterwards it becsme firmer and more distinct, and the last paragraph but one, in which he renewed the promises made by him in the ca- pacity of Prince Regent, was spoken with peculiar ehergy and impressiveness. He was repeatedly interrupted by enthusiastic cheers. In compliance with the desire expressed at tho close of the royat harangue, the members of the two Chambers were now summoned to take the oath prescribed by a ticle 108 of the Vrussten charter. At a sign from tho King the Mimeter of the invertor, Count Schwerin, stepped forward and agministered the’ vath to every separate member, with the exception of those who had already teken it in an official capacity. It was to the following effect: You swear to Aunighty God to be faithful and | chedient to his Majesty King Wilham, and w conse tiourly ol ve ihe constitution.’ The person addre: reply ing:-—“I swear tt, so help me God,” and such wps a8’ may be enjoived by tho creed he professes. This ceremony Iasted no less than two bours, during which the King remained standing and bareheaded. At its conclusion, he said: “May God grant his bleéeing to your oaths! May he bless and protect. our country!” “and then quitted the saloon in the same array in which he had entered it, and amid the same demonstrations of loyaity. ‘It wae past three o’clock before the proceed. igs terininates, Which must nave been very fatiguing to the itustetous individaal who played the priscipal part in them. As yet the regular business of the two branches of the Legislature bas hardly commenced, their yesterday's sit- ost exclusively devoted to the election of amber Prince Hohenlohe was re- by a majority of one hundred aad tifty to ten, and it is probable that M. Simon will be voted invo the Chair again by the Second, M, M. Vincke and Mathis gave no- tice that they woul’ propose an adress to the King in reply to his Majesty's apeceh, but it will be several days before this motion can be discuased. It may be observed however, that the physiognomy of both the upper and the lower louse has experienced a considerably altera- tion since the lust session. In the former the liberal par- ty, whose paucity of numbers contrasted so strikingly with the dense mosses of their antagonime, has been reinforsed by the twenty new members wast aututa, awd although they still form «@ very slonder minority, they are at least a nucleus Which offers a prospect of gradual increase, the snore woderate elements of the aristo- cratic opposition. ‘The changes that have taken place in the Second Chamber are equally important and much more interesting. Among the liitle knot of feudulisis, onee so prond of their strength und so confident in the power that backed them, we wies « small, sparc man, with a benevolent head’ and a pair of gold’ spectacles, the ex Premier Manteuttel—wh», after sittlog for two sessions in suiky stlence ou the bleak beaches of the lett, has accepted tha chiltren handreds, as they would say in England, end retived to his splendid estate in Lusatia, with the pleasing coneciousness that, if he has served the country for ten years, he has not served it for nothing. ‘The min‘eterial boned Las ceased to c= under the sa- vory and portly tigare of Simons, who liad occupied it so jong that he wae generally regarced asa fixture, and Von der Heydt, the last of the Romans, evidently feels uncomfortable among his strango assooiaces, and seems to meditate a retreat. But who is that tall old man With snow white locks and feat ires furrowed with care, but stili noble and imposing, who now eaters the hall,'and on whom some gaze with admiration, others with diemay, but ali with interest and curiosity? It is Waldack, the great democrat, who fought the bate of freedom in '48 and ‘49, and whose incarcoration and trial for high treason reflected such indellibie disgrace om the Mantevftel regime. He is an Jmmenee gain to the liberal cause, which has just sustained a severe lose by the death of Henry Von Arnhein, who was Min.eter of Foreign Af- fairs in 3848, and one of the few practical statesmen this country can boast of. ‘The impression produced by the King's speech is tol erably though not wholly satisfactory It bas been re- ported that the civil coinage act would be dropped; aud the public were pleased to see, therefore, that it would be sht forward again this session, aud that the gov- erpmnent were still firmly determined to abrogate the inumnunities hitherto enjoyed by the great landholders in respect to taxation, Too littie stresa, it is thought, ia laid on the Hessian, and too mach on the Danish question; ond the necessity of Oxtraordinary notes for military armaments is not generally recognized; but it is some comfort to hear that, at no distant period, the in:reaged me will suilice to cover the excess of expendituros. Among the government bills annotmeed, but not specified by his Majesty, « Jaw on ministerial responsibility is un- derstood to cecupy the first place. Tho smnesty, #0 long and anxiously expécted, was signed ow the 12th, and pabtished in the Staats Anzieger of the 13th inst. Tt is extremely comprehensive in its pro- visions, enacting that ail persons found guilty, up to the present time, by the civi! courts, high Cifences against the King, the ‘members of his family or foreign governments, resistance to consti- tuted” authori orj disturbance of public or- der, oud sentenced to death, imprisonment, fine, loss or suspension of civil rights, or placed under the furveilionce of the police, are to receivea free pardon and to be reinstated in all the privileges of citizenship. To those coadrmued by military tribonals the royal decree ia pot so favorable; they are vot pardoned une adteionally, but have to appral to the King’s mercy and to s wait his vecision. This class tusiides al Prussiaa suojects who tcok a part in the Baden ivsurrection, simon, whom are men like the poets Huwigh ant Kinkel, and the colebrat ed thcologiet Kustow, who lately commauded a division in Gacibalér's army, but whoee practical success did not correspond with his t 1 reputation. As for such individuals os have withdrawn themse!ves by tight from proceecings instituted sgainst thet, an act exempting them from further prosecution wtil be laid before the Chav bers, the existing law not allowing a suit ing before a court of justice to be quashed by royal ordinance without the co-cperation of the Legislature. Of cou! this is a mero form, as even the reaction will not dat to Cppese & measure emanating from the King io person, wad whieh does ereait to his good senae and his good feel- ing. It restores many hundred exiles to the land of their birth, opens the prisen doors to many o*bers, and ator at Tenet in part, for a long series of arbitrary an? vindict- ive acts committed in the uame of Fiederick William IY. Our Genoa Correspondence, Unsrrep Srares Steen Tnoguors, ) Drv Doox, Gesoa, Jan. 16,1861. | J Serious Acovlent to the United States Steamer [roquois— Narrow Escape from Total Shipwreck—Power of the Tromuas—Goribaldi and Friends at Caprera—the Eifect of Secession upon American Naval Officers in the Mediter. rancan, fc. We have been here for tha past three weeks for re. pairs of the damege suilered by the ship ou the night of thedth ult You are no doubt aware that we had a verry narrow evcape from total shipwreck —as had it not ‘deen for the friendly interposition of a large rock upon which we ran, the ship would have gone head foremost against a perpendicular wall of jagged rocks which formed the shore not sixty yards beyond. We were run- ning at the speed of ten amd a half knota at the time, and a divergence of ten yars either side would probably bave found the Iroquois there still. The accident was cansed by a mistaken (dea as to whore the en- trance to the harbor of Genoa lay—it being about four miles beyond. After lying there, however about eight hours, we managed, with the as sistance of our own engines, small tug boat avdarrising swell, to get off, arriving here in the morn ing, where we found the flog ship, Divers were em- ployed to aecertain the oxtout of damage done to the bot- from whose report it was finally determinod to go 9 the government dry deck. All the stores, coal, broadside guns and ammunition were thereforo trans ferred toa bark hired for the purpose. As iii lick would Love it, the engines used for pumping out the dock broke Cow Just then, the gates could be opened only in certain conditions of the weather, and it was only aftor numerous delays that we got ia hore. They don’t do these things here with anything like Yankee intelligence and de- spateh, and although the dock {8 small, it was theee or four days before it woe pumped out, which feat wae nccomplahed with two or three portable steam engines, and as many band pumps, worked by groups of conviets, whose little execution might be at tributed by tender hearted people to the trouvleaome weight of the chains with whieh those beauties nre fea. tquned, Lyea thon, owing to a last broakdawn, wo were obtiged to get op Scish pumping the dook out Jound to be at the forefoot and about one-third of the length, requiring aboat fifty feet of new keel t alg oe the repairs will probally be finished this weel com Up to this time the froquots has proved to be a most com- Plete sucoces, without a siugle exception the fas ‘oat shipef war tn the Mediterranean of whatever nation. Hor hull, armament and machinery, and in fact all int Bicats, bave attracted wuvsual attention from eelgn F ‘cial, and more than any other. She has lnarpased 0 already acknowledged reputation superiority of American skill aud enterprice, @ne of the greatest attractions to these people ls the almost toial absence of smoke; while other ships your ‘on corarien i tn black sete hed dig every thing, on the rigging aud on deck, and leay! clouds of unccusumed coal er eites behind esriees ia ip ton feurcely a sign of it with us. Four thie and the great saving of fuel wo are indebted to our Mar- tin’s belles, whieh are unquestionably superior in pria- ciple and vse to anything among the French or English, Since being in dock ity of her hull bas been uviversa‘ly acmired by viaiters, both private and official. ‘be perdiiee acme aie for the cher comstriictor ex- ‘up in regard to it; and the mang ecinplimentary home expressed her make Ar Delo p: Oud of his work. cds, page) of |, it would seem, hag been less successful than was expe peed.and qualities as a soa boat. Se was over eleven hours in coming fi Spezaia bere, a distance which we had on the or the accident as- complished iv something less than hours; and from the magnificent arcs described tm the alr the mornivg she left here, she muat be comfortable in apy thing like a rough 7 all acevunts, she can do more heavy rolling than Loquoia ever dreamed of. She ia at Messina St ~ ‘The Susquehanna is lying at Naples, to leave goon for the oast of Syria, Evory ge Speaks of the great struggle t0 como off in the spring. Steamers arrive and leave daily; the entire commerce of the place ap- - = to consist in soldiers and munitions of war. 0 Victor Froanuel, 1,860 tong, lay alongside of us Learly two weeks before wo came in dock, taking im an itpmense quantity of shot, thirteen inch shell, and the new cylindrical shell for rified guns, Besides ‘these were @ great pomber of mortar beds—wrought iron planks, eight feet lovg, one and a half wide, and four inehes im thickness, these, with timber frames, were for new mor- tar batteries before Gaeta. They had also six of Whit- | worth’s breech loading guns for the samo place, I met Colonel Dowlng and Frank Vitselli, the corres. pondent of the London Iilistrated News, ufow wocks sinee, on their return from a visit to Garibaldi, at Caprera, whicb they describe as the moet desolate place i Bie. ‘The modern Cincinnatus would find itoxtremely aif- ou work bis plough among that pile of stones, and his habitation “is nothing tuore ee a single story buildiug without ornament of auy kind. He bas only two of bis friends with him—ono the same whe assisted bim in the duties of the candle shop at No. 28 White street, New York. Can anything be more gule- Ime thon the Cemocratic sitwplicity of the life of this greatest man of his oge? Colonel Dowling 1s a man high, in the esteem of Garihali, and, untike mavy Englishmen and Americans who Raye been out here, was a brave and hurd working men during the whold campaign. He expressed the hignest praise of an American” with hum, George Hewitt, of fennington, Vt., whe, poor F. fellow, was® cnt ‘in two by ‘a cannon’ shot while’ working at one of the batteries be- fore Capua. The Colenel had bis commission from Garibaldi for him in his pocket; but it came too late, Ile wes originally a sailor, and bad he lived would no doubt have mace # distinguiebed nate. Colonel Dow- ling regretted very much that he was unable to com- municate with his friends. ‘the news from the United States just now produces great anxiety in this part of the world. People at home have no tea how much Europeans feel themselves im- terested in our prosperity and Success, ‘They lock upon a failure in the Workig of our government as ruin to their hopes in the future of their own country, now just arising from the rving of crushing despotiam, and evory arrival js engerly sought for news of the critical stato of atlsirs in America. It seems in -redible to them that the greatest and most glorious nation should be weakened, ond, #8 they fear, ultimately destroyed, on account of a few millions of negrors. , The news ct the actual withdrawal of South Carolina from the Union produced the gevcrally feured reeult of the resiguation of ofticers serving under appointments from tbat State, and you have, no doubt, heard before this that Captain Ingraham, of Koszta celebrity, with Lieu- tenants Dosier und Warley, left the Richmond’ for home about a month since. The wave of disunion has not, however, yet reached the Ircquots. Only one of our oflicers is from South Cxrolina. Our First Lieutonant, Wm. Huger, stillromains under the stars and stripes, and from the long time which has elspeed since the resignation 0° chose gentlemen, it m to be hoped by, the friends of our glorious Onion that ke will be among those patriotic lovers of their country who will not be influenced by the fanatic cries tor digunion which threaten so much ruin and humiliation to Ameri- caus at home and abroad. THE AMERICAN CRISIS. A Northern and Southern Confederacy Contrasted. (From the London News, Jan. 24.] Wo ehould not ourseives have thought of drawing out programme of the course and issue of the anticipated civil war in tho United States; but when a leading com- temporary undertakes to prophesy, and builos . scheme on assumptions directly opposed to ‘established facta, it is necessary to show what the elements of the case are, and what relation they bear to the future, im the event of civil war. wo may “he that the difference consists of 238,000 equare roiles. But if the South included in her territory the desert of Sahara, it would look very big on the map without being ap eiement of In the existing ter- ritory of the South there are large tracts of pine barrens, sends and swamps, never yet turned to use; and there ts an apnually increasing area of lapsed land, where the forest encroaches, and even wild beasts return, after a disappearance of a century. As for the territory beyond the existing boundaries, which are assumed to be wait- ing for the South to annex it, it bears po comparison te the new soil actually i, the bands of the federal govern- ment and the great Northwest. Beyond Texas all is am impracticable desert, so parched as to forbid even the coustructionof a railway. New Mexico te enclosed be- tween California and Kansas, which repadiate slave inaté- tutions; and New Mexico canuot be taken, nor even as- tailed, without a federal force, which wili certain), be lent to seceding States. As for the division into several States. there is more than an offset to the broad area which lies between Kansas and Canada and the Mississippi and Oregon. Morcover, Texas is #0 far from bei fit to sustain the Southern policy that is pow the of conflict between free and slave Jabor. Germans and free negroes grow there than planters and siaves;and the reiga of terror under which the Texas have been living for above a year rent itabsurd to talk of a great place “give up to the South” ali the south and Smthwesterm eee | here contemplated. California is with the North, and will remain so for the sake of her gold and trace. There is a strong hatred of slavery on Mexican soll; ond there is no force in the slave States disposable for foreign war, even if no curb were imposed by the North. Next we come to the aesumption (involved ia the pre- cecipg) that the frontier slave States will certainly joim tho Scrith. The plain facts are these:—Missouri 18 di- viced on the slavery question, and last year returned a tree soil representative to Congress. Eoclosed on three sides by anti-slavery States, Missouri has everything to in by abolishing slavery; and her citizens have shown themselves well aware of the fact. have indeed always felt that the “imposition of stitutions upon them, when ko circumstance of climate or soil could be made un excuse for it, was an injury. Kentucky is nearly in the same position. When Kentucky became a State, thirty-seven years ago, the inhabitants desired te exclude slavery, tut, were overtorne by their dates man, Mr. Clay, who boasted to the end of his life that he had compelled his native State to join the Southern tnterest, Kncaving thot she coud resort to free labor whenever the chor, Ever since the great rise of Obio, on the opposite bank of the river, Kentucky has been jeatous of the ad- vantages of free labor; and for some years there has boom an avowed onthslavery section of society there, support- ing a local abolition Bewspeper. There remain Virginia, Deiawere and Maryland. two littie States complain bitterly of their ‘position, unable to keep their owm slaves, and made answerable for the passage of other ple's slaves through them. For eeveral years their ed lands have been passing into the hands of New York capitabsts, who retrieve the soil and grow food upon it; of German and and from year to year the et native white labor over negro has been on the im crease. Free negro labor also far exceeds slave labor, se that the intercet of those simall frontier States in South- ern institutions has nearly died out. As ‘or Virginia, we hear nothing from our cotemporary about the will ‘ana pleasure of the inhabitants of that western portion which so threatens its neighbors, as to relieving them. selves of the burien of slavery. On the western side of the mouptains the inbabitant# are to a man discontented with slavery: and so anxious toget rid of tt that thoy have, from time to time, brought forward schemes of emancipstion. These echemes have been less wise than re gee a show us = it would be rath to assume that, “in case of being compelled to choose, they would go with the South. Rvee in Eaavern Virginia, between the mountains and the sea, there aro extensive joments of free labor, while “= ag 5A hrioking rapidly into a mere traffic in negroes. trofile is iteelt nearly destroyed by. the prenent disturbance; and there are a goed many citizens sensible enongh to see that their territory is ne site for a slave market, from the day when only a river ‘will eeparate it from a forcign country. Taking this line f fronGer States ip the mass, they have repeatedly de- cin ed that they could not undertake to be the conten oa he South—the jauiors of her wegro population, Noth etal ‘them for the danger aad embarrassment joss of such Veepen Unuer these circumstances it i tare piece of audacity to ussme that the border slave States will certainly throw ja their lot with the South, To gpeak of tho free States as a mere rump. in any case, ing as 5 s abundantly absurd, as any one may see by Kk the map from Maine to Oregon; but ibe wiliness of the notion an be understood only on the eonsideration of m Fad tacis which goed Wish we bad the now censua, lowever, We can satisfy ourselves without it, though tunable (0.00 full Jrtice 10 the fres States Wo aro bidden to look at the map, and see the compare. tive extent of coast, The inhabitants may, perhaps, be of opinion that the coasts of the great inland seas may re at least, a8 valvable to them as those of the Gulf; and f0, the only question is of the comparative value of the Rastern line of const. ‘The free States have ® ram. Pert of rock, with iadestrvetibie harbors thickset along their shores from the Ray of Fundy to Philadelphia; whereas the Southern peoples have always regarded thelt Conet line os their fatal and ineurmow weakness, It is a long flat line of capable of defence, anit vm. rable to the forny of harbors. Now Orleans, Mo- rannah, Charleston aud Nor'oik are thoir porte; pend no more time in comparing them the North than to say that in 150 the Massachusetts lone exceeded that of all ‘Wwe logether, The South is go wenk on ite