The New York Herald Newspaper, January 24, 1861, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, JANUARY 24, 1361 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICK N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASBAU BTS. —eeeeee RMS, cash in advance sent by mail will be at the PA the sender,” None but Bonk Sits current in New York ¥ HERALD, ier Beard St OT 70: cone ph ny Wel eae Brita abi ra mache ig tye big Mind ‘Bla of each month; at oka pear a Sinks, on Wednesday, at four cents per EY CORRESPONDENCE, containing important neve, 4 from any quarto the orld; if used, will be Iiderally paid Jor. UR FOURIGN CORRKSPONDENTA ARE oeraly tS tagterrey 10 SMAL ALL LETTERS AND PACK aGrs S07 UN Volume xxvi. jo, 83 AMUSEMENTS THIS BVENING. NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Ros Roy. WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, opposite Bond strect.— Berenycon—PuRasant Nerounor, BOWERY THEATRE, SLORMING OF BRRINGAPATAM. wery—Tirr0O S418, OR THR WALLACK’S THEATRE, Trorne. LAUEA KEENE'S THEATSE, No, 6% Broadway. Sxvar Seren. NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—O'FLAsiGAN AND mux Far 08k IN CaLAFOMNIA-—BEN THK BOATSWAIN, is, Broadway. —Tar Lap or St. — THEATRE FRANCAIS, 685 Broadway.—Les Casoniers DE La Suny BA M'8 AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—Day and Evening—Joserm aXD His Baarmis--Livixa Cvniosi- ruta, Ao. BRYANTS’ MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broad- way.—Buntasques, Sonos, Daxcns, &c. —Soimxk D'Eruors, & CAMPBELL’S MINSTRELS, Niblo’s Saloon, Brusov iad Songs, Daxcxs, Buaixsques, &c.— CANTEKBURY MUSIC WALL, 663 Broadway.—Sones, Dances, Bunuxsguxs, £0. af On (NTON HALL.—Rev. Ul. N. Hupson's Lecroxe ano sLYots ON THE PLAY oF Tax Winten's TAL, TON MALT, Marlom.—Bupworrm & Caxr- SSTRELS—B UKLE CuK ON Rarwy. New York, Thursday, January 24, 1861. The News, In the Senate yesterday the Tariff bill was taken up and referred to a special committee of five, instructions to report on Wednesday next. nto take up Mr. Crittenden’s resolutions ed—24 to 27--the republicans voting in in the negative. The remainder of the ession was spent in diseusging the Pacific Rail- road hill. in the Honse the Post Route bill which was passed last sestion, and which was returned from the Senate with amendments, was taken up. Nearly all the amendments were agreed to. Mr. Sickles offered an amendment, which was adopted, aathoriving the Postmaster General to establish a daily or semi-daily delivery of letters by carriers throngh a circuit of nine miles from the New York City Hall, under the supervision of the city Vostmaster, whenever the revenues are sufficient to pay the expense incurred. After some further procecdings the bill was laid aside. The conside- ration of the report of the Committee of Thirty- three was resumed, and Mr. Etheridge, of Ten- nessee, made a strong anti-secession speech on the affairs of the na The remarks of Mr. Etheridge derive additional importance from the circumetance that he is prominently put for- ward as a candidate for a seat in the Cabi- net of the President elect. He was followed by Mr. Lovejoy, of Illinois. A communication was received from tho Georgia delegation announcing the secession of that State, end their withdrawal from Congress. Mr. Mont- gomery, republican, of Pennsylvania, in view of the impossibility of the present Congress set- tling the difficulties of the nation, proposed that all the members resign, and that a new election be held. Vy this time there were only about a dozen members present, and soon after the House ad- journed, Asentry on Sullivan's Island, in the harbor of Charleston, fired into a boat from Fort Sumter on Monday night. The boat was manned by three men, and as they neared the beach they were ordered off; but failing to obey, tho sentry fired upon them, whereupon they beat a retreat. It was believed that one man was wounded badly. While some persons supposed the men in the boat were deserters, others believed that they were a party bound upon the desperate expedition of spiking the guns of the secession battery. The muskets seized on board the Savannah steamer Monticello on Tuesday still remain at the arsenal in Seventh avenue, and General Superin- tenden! Kennedy says that no claimant appeared yesterday with a view of recovering the same. The United States District Attorney was notified that a large quantity of powder and cartridges were shipped on board the Charleston steamer yesterday, but no steps were taken to prevent the departure of the alleged contraband goods to their destination. The Second ward police yesterday, by direction of Superintendent Lennedy, seized twenty-five cases, containing five hundred muskets, on board the schooner Caspiana® These arms were intended for some point at the South, and*were seized as contraband merchandise. The Church Anti-Slavery Socicty held a radical abolitionist meeting at Cheever’s church yester- day. An almost interminable list of resolutions were pasved and the usual amount of fanaticism ventilated. A report will be found elsewhere. Quiet hoe been restored to Brooklyn, but the military are still doing duty at the armory and the arsenal. Company G, Captain Thorn, of the Thirtcenth regiment, were on duty at the former place last night. The Rev. Peter Cartwright delivered another lectuf® last evening at Hope Chapel on his ex- perience as a missionary in jhe great West. He related several amusing anecdotes of his early life, and concluded by wishing that the next President had been an Andrew Jackson democrat. The New York City Chamberlainship was again yesterday a prominent feature in the proceedings 4 | of the State Senate. After considerable discussion, | the bill was ordered to a third reading, on which motion it will again come up to-day, when it is thought it will receive its quietus. A bill was in- troduced by Mr. Manierre_in relation to the Marine Court of this city, making, among other changes | in the present arrangement, the terms of tho Judges to continue for twelve years. Several bills of local interest were acted on, and in Executive | session the nominations were confirmed of Dr.Gunn, | as Health @fficer of this port; Benj. Welsh, Jr., a8 Commissary General, and N. 8, Benton, a3 Auditor of the Canal Department. In the Assembly a bill was introduced and laid over, requesting the Judi- ciary Committee to report as soon as convenient @ bill to repeal all State laws in coniict with the Fugitive Slave act of Congress. resolu- tion was offered approving the conduct of Ithode | Island in repealing her Personal Liberty bill, resolution was tabled. The other proceeding- not of general interest. Mr. Rarey gave his first illustrated lectare on his power over the horse at the Brooklyn Academy of Masic last night, when several vicious horses were effectively subdued The steamship Arago, from Southampton ou the Oth inst., and the City of Wastiington from Queen town 10th inst., arrived at this port yesterday bringing nearly # million of dollars in specio, The advices are two days later than those received hy the Marathon, and are ‘mportant. On the Sth inst. the Bank of France advanced its rate of interest from 534% 7 per cent. It was supposed that this move would cause soa t adrnace in the rates of We Dank of England, ‘The were The unsettled atate of affairs in RII XANES to cause great uneasiness in commercial circles im Engiand and on the Continent. The political news by this arrival is unim- portant. An interesting speech of Lord Palmerston's, on the crisis, is given in our compilation of the news. A despatch from Turin states that the Sardinian government, conformable to the wishes of Napo- leon, had suspended hostitittes against acta until the 19th inst., with the object of negotiating for ita surrender. It is also reported that the Sardinian government has offered guarantees for securing Venice against Garibaldi, on condition that the great Powers place no obstacle to her action against Gaeta. The Curlsruhe Gazette (the official journal) has just published a series of articles on tho Venetian question, in which Prussia is advised to form an alliance with Austria, and not abandon her in that affair. England also, according to the same jour- nal, has @ greatinterest in joining theso two States; as, if Austria and Prussia were overthrown, sho would also be threatened. The London News states that Thomas Lyle, aged thirty-nine, a member of Christy's minstrels, committed suicide in that city recently by cutting his throat with a razor, The steamship North Briton, from Liverpool on the 10th; via Londonderry on the lth inst., ar- rived at Portland yesterday afternoon, bringing one day later advices than received by the City of Washington, The news by the North Briton is ehiefly of a commercial character, and is not very important. The favorable news from America by the Kina, which arrived at Liverpool onthe 9th inst., imparted a better feeling to the market and caused a slight advance in cotton, which before was heavy, with a downward tendency. - We have news from Venezuela, via Havana, to December 22. There had been no battle lately between the contending parties, but 4 number of atrocious murders had been committed, princi- pally in the provinces of Carabobo and Barquise- meto. At Ocumare, a vessel from Curacea, laden with arms and ammunition for the rebels, was seized by the government authorities—quite a se- vere blow to the factionists and their oxiled friends. The General commanding in Guarico had commenced a yigorous campaign against the straggling bands of marauders in that province. The total of receipts in the Custom House at La- guayra, from May 1 to December 20, rather less than eight months, were $903,736 99. Those of Puerto Cabello, for the months of July, August and September last, amounted to $242,421 57. The Eastern Railroad is expected to be ready about March. Altogether the prospect is brightening for Venezuela, be it ever so little. Yesterday, as at the two previous meetings of the present year, the Emigration Commissioners failed to muster a qporum, and consequently the routine business only was transacted. The num- ber of emigrants arrived at the port during the past week was 1,143, making the number since January 1, 1,885. The balance of the commutation fund in the hands of the banker to the credit of the board at present is $1,012 07. The court martial of Colonel Corcoran was re- sumed at the arsenal yesterday evening. The only witnesses examined were Coloncls Lefferts and Vosburgh, of the Seventh and Seventy-first regiments. The former testified to various pa- rades of the militia on occasions of public interest. Counsel for the accused urged that the prosecu- tion should produce testimony in relation to divi- sion parades only, and not introduce various militia parades, The witness was inclined to think that his regiment had paraded by brigade and not by division orders on the occasion of the Prince of Wales’ reception. Colonel Vosburgh testitied that since the new law of 1855 he had not recognized more than two legal parades by division during the year. After the first two parades of each year he had known several occasions on which the Division Board was consulted in reference to the propriety of ordering a third or fourth division porade. The Court Martial reassembles on Taes- day next at half-past four P. M. The fourteenth day of skating, which was yester- day, showed an increase instead of a diminution of the number of visiters to the Central Park— sevemty thousand pedestrians and three thousand vehicles being the official numbers. As many if not more ladies than on previous occasions, and more equestrians, were present. A friendly con- test between Fuller, of New Haven, and Engler, of New Jersey, was a great attraction. The curling pond had also its devotees, and on the surrounding banks were many observers and admirers, Tho eurrounding paths of the skating pond were lite- rally blocked up with vehicles and spectators. The excitement seems to increase daily as the sea- son advances, and yisiters even come from other distant @ties to view the scene. The wills of John MeWhitney and Robt. Jones were admitted to probate yesterday. The market for beef cattle yesterday was dull, and with liberal receipts prices declined ‘4c. a Ye. per pound. Milch cows and veals were steady. Sheep and lambs were scarce, active, and about 25c. per head higher. Swine were also scarce and higher, prices ranging from 5c. a 6%c., including all kinds. The total receipts are 4,701 beef cattle, 81 milch cows, 361 veals, 5,548 sheep and lambs, and 8,815 swine. The cotton market was less buoyant yesterday, owing mainly to the character of the foreign news, and closed at irregular prices. ‘The sales ombraced about 1,£00 bales, cloeing on the desis of about 11%c. a 120, Flour was depressed by the news and cl atado cline of {, per bbl. Wheat was also less active and cheaper. Corn, with liberal receipts of new, combined with the foreign intelligence, was dull ond Jower, Tork was firm, but not active. Salesof new mess were made at $18, and new prime at $13 a $13 50— the latter price for oxtra, Sugars wore steady, but closed dull at unchanged prices. The eales embraced about 500 bhds., with 33 boxes. Coffee was ateady, with moderate onsactions. Freights were tolerably firm, with a fair amount of engagements. Exrnaorpixany Ixcrtash or NewsParer | Cincvtation.—The circulation of the Heraty | is now greater than that of all the other New | York daily two cent journals put together, and enjoys the largest circulation of any daily | paper in the world. Within the past year it | bas increased over twenty thousand, and the demand is still greater than our present means | of supply. We have received applicationa from several newspaper agents and others, in New England especially, to publish o tri-weekly edition for | the convenience of people in the country, and | in small towns and villages. It 1s urged that the daily paper comes too often, and is too ex- pensive, while our weekly and semi-weekly edi- tions do not come often enongh to satisfy the popular demand for news. It is therefore sug- gested from various parts of the New England | States that we should issue a paper every | second day for country circulation, in addition to the daily, weekly and semi-weekly Heranv now published. It appears from the cotmunt- cations we have received that the republican Papers cannot get their tri-weeklies to go in New Pnglond since the reaction has taken place | in the public mind; the people are evidently getting tired of thet treme opinions, and they want a fair, enterprising newspaper, that will give them the intelligence of the doy without a nauseating dose of abolition physic xecom: panying it. = We have taken the matter into consideration and will publish a tri weekly Herat ina short | time, Let newspaper agents, then, send on thels orders as sco 49 they can, Our Southern ceaviotien and the Pros- peet om Both Sites of the Rubicon, Our bopes of the preservation or reconstruc- tion of the Union are fast fading away. A Southern letter on the eubject, which wo pub- lish this morning, in connection with the gqne- ral drift of passing events, brings us face to face with the iucreasing probabilities of a final separation, and the establishment of a homo- gemeovs, independent Southern confederacy, upon tho basis of slave labor, acd a Northern confederacy, resting upon free labor. In the brief interval to the inauguration of the republigan party in power at Washington, it is vain to oxpect from them any concessions to the South of the character demanded as the conditions of peace with that seotion. Upon the plea of the President elect, that it is too late for compromises to save the Union, or upon the plea of his appointed Premier, Mr. Seward, that it is too soon, the overshadowing Northern party which they represent stands still. If here and there within the officers’ quarters of the camp a voice has been raised for concessions and peace it has been speedily silenced. From the oracles of the party at Springfield, from the representatives of the party in Con- gress, from the general temper of the organs, and the rank and file of the party everywhere, it is manifest that they “have no compromises to make” in behalf of Southern slavery until they shall have settled the question, «‘ whether we have or have not such a thing a3 a govern- ment of the United States.” Under this pro- gramme Mr. Lincoln will enter upon the Ex- eoutive duties of the federal administration, and his first official efforts will be to enforce the federal laws in the several States which have formally declared their connection with the general government at Washington dis- solved. What will fuliow? The submission of the seceded States to the federal authority, or a general alliance of all the Southern States for resistance to federal coercion? Undoubtedly the alliance indicated, and under the bouds of a Southern confederacy. The preliminary compact of confederation among the seceded States, seven, ten, or more, as the case may be, will most proba- bly be adopted in advance of Mr. Lincoln's inauguration, so that the attempt on the part of the President to enforce the federal revenue laws at Charleston will involve at once the tremendous alternative of the reduction, not of the little State of South Carolina, but of the formidable alliance of all the slave States. We say all the slave States, because even those which have not yet seceded, and those which may still remain in the Union on the 4th March, are all pledged to the common cause of South- ern resistance against federal coercion. We are dealing with facts. We know hat the con- stitutional duties and oath of the President re- quire him to “ take care that the laws be faith- fully executed.” His duties and the rights and the powers of the federal government in all the States are clear. But the facts in this matter, too, stand out in bold relief, and from these facts it is apparent that the attempt to enforce the federal laws in South Carolina, for example, will unite the Southern States against the federal government in the attitude of war. Here, then, we are brought into rapport with our New Orleans correspondent, and his pro- gramme of the peaceable separation of the Union into two confederacies. Shall we agree to this, North and South, or plunge into the ruinous folly of wasting civil war? That is the question. We say that, as the republican party “have no compre- mises to make,” and that as coercion will be war, let there be a peaceable separation of the South and the North, and let each section be organized under the homogencous institu- tions peculiar to itself. Treaty stipulations be- tween the two confederacies will establish the bonds of peace and of commercial reciprocities between them. Our Northern anti-slavery re- ligionists will thus have their consciences re- lieved of the “sin of slavery,” and Southern society will thus be secured against abolition incendiaries, Nay, more, each section, in being relieved of this harassing slavery agi- tation, will be free to devote all its powers to the fullest developement of its material and moral prosperity. Mr. Seward, at St. Vaul, last autumn, giving the wing to his imagination, foreshadowed, under the free soil and free labor policy of the republican party, the absorption of the Cana- das and other British provinces to the north of us; and, under a Northern confederacy, there would be no difficulty to impede the fulfilment of this prophecy. General Quitman, of Mis- sissippi, the prophet of the Southern secession- ists of his day, foreshadowed the absorption in a Southern confederacy of Cuba, Mexico and Central America, comprehending such a vast fleld of agricultural, mineral and manu- facturing resources, and such elements of com- mercial and military strength, as would be un- paralleled in the history of any nation of an- cient or modern times. Why, then, if we have reached that point of diseolution from which the Unfn cannot be re- covered without war, or without restraints which will cramp us, North and South, within our present limits, why not agree to a peaceable separation into two confederaciest Why, not, we say, when a permanent basis of peace and perfect freedom of expansion and develope- ment are thns offered to the North and tho South? Do what: we may, North America is too large for one government; but establish two, from the political elements and material enterprise of this Union, and they in good time will cover the continent. Finally, we concur with Lord Palmerston, that the peaceable sepa- ration of the Union will be better than civil war. Gey, Cameron ann THE Repvartoas Paety.— It appears that there ts an active conspiracy at work in the republican camp to defeat the contemplated appointment of Gen. Cameron to ® place in Mr. Lincoln's Cabinet. The conser- yative views of the General, not as a parti- san, but as a good Union man, stand, perhaps, in his way, among the republican ultras, We think, however, that his patriotic overtures of compromise, submitted in the Senate the other day, entitle him to the special consideration of Mr. Lincoln, And be has other claims upon the President elect and his party which should not be overlooked. [ft was Cameron who, after the campaign of 1856, and clove upon the heels of Mr. Buchanan's election, defeated ina democratic Veonsylvaniat ature the Cheya- lier Forney for the United § ates Senate got the place himeelf. From that point, in con- sequence of the inordinate valie set upon sto Mr, Buchanan by Vorney, the commenced between bim aad the President, which ended in the sale of Forney to the republicans, and in those demoraliza- tions and divisions of the Pennsylvania demo- cracy which paved the way to Mr, Lincoln's nomination and election to the Presidency. Thus it was Gen. Cameron who turned over the Btute of Pennsylvania to the republicans; and let them look sharp, or Cameron may take it away. Lorp PALM&RSTON ON THE Skogsst0N Move-" ment.—We publish in another column a speech delivered at Southampton by this veteran statesman and diplomatist, in which allusion is made to the present oritical aspect of Ameri- can affairs, His lordship expresses, in terms the sincerity of which we cannot permit our- selves to doubt, the hope that the differences between the North and South may be settled by an amicable understanding, and, if this be not possible, that their separation may be brought about by peaceable means, and tho world spared the afflicting spectacle of a hos- tile conflict between brethren. These sentiments are no doubt largely par- ticipated in by the English people, Few, ex- cepting the most rabid of the Exeter Hall fa- natics, can regard with feelings other than those of regret the approaching dissolution of a confederacy whose growing political great- ness constituted a moral bulwark for constitu- tional institutions all over the world, and whose material progress has contributed more than anything else to the expansion of the com- merce and manufacturing industry of England. It is of course for her interest as well as for our own, tbat if separation must come it should be effected amicably; for a civil war in this coun- try would lead to general suffering and dis- tress, and would be everywhere followed by political disturbances, and perhaps revolution. The views expressed by Lord Palmerston are simply an echo of those enunciated by Mr, Buchanan in his message. They are shared by every practical and humane minded man who does not allow his judgment to be warped by passion. There is no mistaking the fact that wo are fast drifting into such a hostile attitude towards our Southern brethren that nothing can avert a final and irrevocable separation. The diverse interests, instincts and prejudices that have grown up in both sections of the con- federacy since tho constitution of 1787 was framed seem no longer capable of reconcile- ment by its provisions. Like all other human inventions, it proves inadequate to meet the ever varying circumstances of a nation’s pro- grees, As tho dominant party refuse to admit this fact, and deny to the just claims of the South the amendments calculated to redress their grievances, no choice remains but a re- tirement from the Union. But there is no ne- cessity that this division of interests should be a violent or unfriendly one. Each sec- tion can find in its expansion in other directions some compensation for the sense of diminished national importance which the dissolution of the existing confe- deracy must bring home to all. The cotton States will, in Mexico and the trepical countries bordering the Gulf, find the area which they deem necessary to provide for the rapid in- crease of their slave population. The Northern confederacy will seek a counterpoise to these acquisitions of its powerful neighbor by ab- sorbing Canada. The English have, therefore, reason to view with alarm the alternative to which republican obstinacy is driving the South. As sure as ever it is consummated, Canada will be lost to the British crown. IuieoaLiry or THE Seizure or Arms Des. ‘TTNED FoR THE Sours.—We published yesterday intelligence to the effect that the police authori- ties of this city seized nine hundred and fifty muskets as they were being shipped on board the steamship Monticello, for Savannah, Ga., en route to Montgomery, Ala. The seizure was made by order of the sagacious Superintend- ent of Police, onthe ground that the articles were “contraband.” Now, this is a clearly illegal proceeding, in violation of the constitution of the United States, and without the sanction of any law of the State. It isan unwarrantable and unauthor- ized outrage upon the rights of property, and is one of that class of acts which have driven five Southern States into secession, and will soon drive five more, if not the whole fifteen. Judge Smalley’s exposition of the law is sound enough, but it does not apply to the case of Alabama. We, here at the North, maintain that her secession is a nul- lity, and that her citizens are still in the Union, protected by its constitution and its laws, If that be the case, then they have the same rights as thé eitizeas of other States, and it would be just as legal and con- stitutional to seize boxes of arms going to Pennsylvania or Massachusetts. To possess arms is an indefeasible right, guaranteed by the constitution to every citizen of the United States, and muskets, therefore, intended for citizens of Alabama cannot be “contraband.” Again, free inter-State commerce, without restriction, is another provision of the consti- tution violated by our officious police, who know bow to strain ata gnat and swallowa camel. They might as lawfully have seized so many boxes of dry goods going to Connecticut or Rhode Island. If we mean to be consistent we cannot insist that the people of Alabama are still in the Union and under the protection of its laws, and at the same time deny them the same rights and privileges ag are possessed by the citizens of other States. But if we held that Alabama is ont of the Union, there would still be no legal ground for the detention of her merchandise by the police any more than there would be for detaining goods shipped from England or France. Ala- bama has not declared war against the United States, nor have the United States declared war against her, and treated her asa foreign ene- my. Until this contingency occurs all attempts to interfere with the inter-State commerce of Alabama are unconsfitutional and outrageous. In any case it is not the business of the police, whose duties are limited by the Metropolitan act, but of the federal authorities, whose juris- diction has been usurped by mere municipal officers, If there wes any legal foundation for the procgedings of the police they wonld be eqnal- ly justified in seizing the provisions and other freight of steamers bound for Savannah and Mobile; for to “give aid and comfort to an enemy” is treason, a4 well as to sell him gun- powder and arms. Vqually in violation of the constitation of the United States, and therefore null and void, measure reeently introduced into our at Albany to make it # felony to tt arme and munith f war the eltizens of any of the seceding S'ates. A cimilar unconstitutional attempt is being made by the Legislature of Massachusetts. Such proceedings are stupid folly, the result of igno- rance of the first principles of our fundamental law, and they are calculated to produce irre- parable mischief at the present critical junc- ture in the history of the Union. Pewrvrnarions Iv Canapa.—In yeaterday’s Henaty we published a telegraphic despatch, from which it appeared that the new Mayorof Toronto is greatly exercised about the changes which are takiig place in our confederacy, and states that lange accessions to the population of Canada may soon be expected on account of the troubles in the United States. If this be true, and that his Honor has spoken by the book, as we must suppose he has, the expected accessions of population to Canada from the dismembered United States will be for a very different purpose from what the chief magistrate of Toronto avpposes. The Council need not make any provision “in regard to taxation such as will especially favor the emigration,” for the emi- gration will be ony temporary, and those who cross the border may be regarded only as * birds of paszage,”’ who will return to a more congenial clime when they have fulfilled their mission. Their object may be oxplained by a reference to Mr. Seward’s speech last summer, when he hinted very broadly that Canada was about being annexed to the United States. He had then in his eye the present breaking up of our confederacy, and his idea was to repair the loss of the Southern section of the Union by the acquisition of Canada, so as to form a great Northern republic. Janada, it is well known, is now ripe to throw off the yoke of Englund and set up for herself, There have been great perturbations throughout the province in recent years, and they are now increased in view of the disrup- tion of the American Union. Titherto the chief difficulty in the way of Canada’s annexa- tion to the United States was the contamina- tion of slavery. Butas no slavery can exist inthe tree States republic, there is nothing to prevent this British province becoming the Northern star in the new constellation. Any migrants” to Canada, thorefore, from this side the line just now may be regarded as mis- sionazies of freedom to prepare the way for the independence of Canada, and to concert mea- sures with her sons for tnion with the Northern States some time next March. As the republicans will do nothing in the way of reconciliation, and as the fifteen Southern States will probably be separated from the confederation in less than six weeks, the Cana- dians ought to have their measures matured so as to be ready to step into the Union when the slave States step out, Thero is already recipro- city of trade between Canada and this country, and the personal intercourse between the peo- ple of the Northern States and Canada in recent years has been very great. They are, in fact, one homogeneous people, of the same race, lan- guage, religion and climate. The union.of Ca- nada with our Northern republic would deve- lope her resources, complete the privileges and the freedom of her people, increase her popu- lation by the expansion of New England north- ward, and add an invincible strength to her position. The Canadians could not be con- quered by Great Britain when united with us Indeed that Power would not make the. at- tempt, inasmuch as ber connection with Canada is a source of expense instead of gain. Nature's laws and the progress of political ideas have destined the annexation of Canada to the northern half of the United States, and now is the accepted time for its consummation. Atarwina State or Tamas at Sprina- rizip.—The uncertainty of human life, and the difficulty of foreseeing where a man who un- dertakes a long voyage may possibly bring up, are proverbial. A child who is born with a gold spoon in his mouth may die inhis bed, or may live to be hanged,; while the infant who is cradled in destitution and brought up in poverty may in time reach the first position in the State. To goa liitle further, we may ask if there is any one who can tell, in such times as the present, what a day may bring forth? Look, for example, at Old Abe Lincoln, once the rail-splitter, now the Cabinet maker of Illinois. A year ago, who would have thought that he was destined to hold the fate of the na- tion in his hands? And even after he was elected, who could tell what his final destiny might be? At first it was believed that the Cesar of the republicaf party would be killed in the Capitol by Brutus Pryor, of Virginia. But now it appears that Lincolu stands in greater peril from his friends that his enemies. Pryor has subsided, and the chief danger that menaces Old Abe is the fate of Actwon, who was transformed into a stag and torn to pieces by his own hounds, All the republican leaders seem to consider Old Abe as a fat haunch of venison, upon which they are at liberty to cut and come again, and it is doubtful whether there will be anything left of him when inaugu- ration day comes around. As soon as he com- menced making up bis slate the war of the fac- tions in his own party began. He wrote Seward’s name, like Ben Adhem’s, before all the rest. That was all very well. Then old Mr. Bates. Very well. He could do no harm. Next.came the chief of the Cameron clan, and his appointment was the signal for an intestine conflict, compared to which tho feud of the Guelphs and the Ghibbelines was a mere bagatelle. Away with Cameron! Crucify Cameron! Suppress Cameron! That was the battle cry; and now Old Abe sits hopelessly pondering over his slate, with only two out of the six names required for Vabinet officers. Old Abo does not dare to appoint Cameron, the man who took Pennsylvania out of the hands of Buchanan and Forney, and more than any other person contributed to the success of the republican party. And so our rail splitting friend is hopelessly perplexed, while his ad- herents are carrying on the most extensive free fight ever known. While the Southern fire-eaters are progressing in their treasonable designs upon the Union of the States, the republicans are squabbling over the spoils, as if they had no higher and more important duties than the diviston of the public plunder to perform. Thus bad begins, but worse remains behind. Avorien Convoxation Swivons.—The Roard of Supervisors have just discovered another little drop in the bucket of Corporation swind- ling in the matter of nearly five thousand dol- lars charged for printing and stationery done cod furnished to the Court of Common Pleas, the bill for which, it appears, was sigued In by 4 deputy clerk of the Court, and the ich are frandulemt) Med in ald tobe 14 (Ww afterwards. The bill was then deposited as « collateral in the Artisans’ Bank for a loan of $5,000 to the printer. This is quite character- istle of the way things are going on in the clty government, and we suppose we ought to be quite satisfied that the amount was not fifty thousand dollars instead of five. Mistaken Vizws or a Souruern Conve peracy.—An opinion prevails among the re publicans that in the event of the Southern States seceding and forming a separate confe- deracy, they would be unable to command in- fluence or credit abroad, This is a mistake. A Southern confederacy would enjoy as much credit as might be required either in London, Paris or New York. The mere fact of its being the only great cotton producing country in the world, and so having the world dependent up- on it, would insure this; and however great the repugnance of the English to the institution of slavery, it will be a long time before they leave off wearing shirts, because those useful articles happen to be manufactured from slave grown cotton. In order to enable the confederacy to raise an ample revenue it would be only neoes- sary to impose an export duty of a cent per pound upon the staple product. Cotton oon- sumers would have no alternative but to sub- mit, and there is no doubt they would do so williagly. Moreover, the Southern States are possessed of more mineral treasures than may be gencrally supposed. The mountains of the northern slave States abound in coal and iron more than the British islands ever did; and yet coal and iron made England what she is. Mis- souri is particularly rich in this respect. So is Georgia. Gold is found in sufficient quantities, here and there, over the entire territory, to yield a large profit beyond tho expenses of mining, and there are many other natural ad- vantages which might be enumerated as be- longing to this section of our country. There is now gaining strength in Canada, and indeed throughout the whole of British North America, a strong revolutionary feeling in favor of a confederation ef all the colonies; and should there really be an irrevocable split in the United States, there will be no slight proba- bility of one or more of these forsaking the protection of England and joining the North- ern confederacy. There is no natural boun- dary between Canada and Maine, and very little difference of opinion. NEWS FO THE NATIONAL CAPITAL, The Panama Railroad and the Ohi- riqui Appropriation—Patent Extension Schemes—The Conven of Railroaa Officers, &e., &e. Wasmrsatoy, Jan. 23, 1861. THR PANAMA RAILROAD LOBBY SCHRMPS, ‘The Panama Railroad Company have an extensive lobby engaged here for the purpose of defeating any legislation in Congress which will come in conflict with their immense interests. This monopoly is now working like beavers to defeat the Chiriqu! appropriation, which pasced the Senate the other day slmost unanimously, PATENT EXTENSION SCHEMES, ‘There are a large number of lobby schemes now before Congress, including several patent extenaions, which tho friends of these measures are endeavoring quietly to rush through Congress while the present political excite- mont is agitating the country, in the hope of diverting attenticn from them. A discovery of an extensive swindling scheme has just been made, which is being secretly carried on, to ex- tend tho patent of McCormick’s reaper, which is about to expire, through the Patent office. The owner of this monopoly bas a tremendous lobby, including nearly half cf the patent lawyers of the country, at work bolstering it up. The testimony in this case closes on the 24th inst. A hearing is to be had before Chief Clerk Shugert, who has the entire disposition of this case, on the 11th of February. This is one of the longest and most valuable monopolies in the country, and when his last effort was made te extend a previous patent by act of Congress he utterly failed to get a report of either House in his favor of a longer continuance of this most oppressive monopoly to every agriculturist in the country. It would be well for the President to look into the operations of he Patert office, and at once to appoint a commissioner who has sufficient moral courage to stand up and resist this tremendous lobby influence. ‘THE RECEPTION OF THE BELGIAN MINISTER, R. Van Limberg, who has represented Belgium as Min- ister Resident, has been promoted by his government as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, tto- day called upon the President and presented his creden- tials in his new capacity. The usual ceremonials on such occasions were performed. ‘THE, FASTERN AND WESTERY RAILROAD CONVENTION, Tho Railroad Convention of the five Eastern and Western trunk lines has adjourned to mect in New York on the 20th of February next. A schedule of rates for freight between all Eastern and Western points was adopted. This restores the figures of the St. Nicholas Hotel and Saratoga meetings, with a slight variation in regard¢o passengers. The first and second sections of the agreement then entered iato, making the fares uniform and dispensing with runners, ‘were reaffirmed. The fact wns developed in the course of the delibora- tions that the freight from the South and Southwest, with the exception of cotton, had greatly decreased, while the Movements of produce from the Northwest and the cen- tral West, north of tie Ohio river, were unusually large, All the roads report increased receipts over those of Janu- ary, 1860, some of them very heavy; and, as au instance, it was mentioned that fhe Baltimore and Ohio road, the moat Southern of the five great lines, and the increase of which is less than the others, shows an enlargement in revenuo on Eastward freight of twenty-five thousand dol- lars for the first twenty two days of the present month ever the similar period of laat year. A general falling off waa reported in passenger receipts and Westward bound froights. Much of the produce movement is for Europe. Ail the five lines are deriving increased business from the diver- ‘sion of the cotton of the Southwestern States from the Southern Atlantic and Gulf porte. ‘The convention included the leading railroad minds of Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky. An excellent focling pro- vailed, and ghe prospects of Eastward businoss were re- garded as encouraging. All parties seemed earnestly anxious for the settlement of the national difficulties, and the Crittondon plan, or ite equivalent, met with general approval. The members of the Convention have exerted their best efforts with their respective members of Congress and others to secure conciliation and peace. THE PILGRIMS TO SPRINGFIELD. Srrunarmip, M., Jan. 25, 1861. Strong remonatrances against Governor Chase’s ap- ointment havo been received by the President elect from Permsytvania and Maryland. Tho Pennsytvanians ay they carried their State on the protective tariff ques. ‘ton, and hence do not wan! an avowed free trader in the Cabinet. Frank P. Blair arrived to-day. He says the day of compromise is gone, and the day of fighting come. He has no apprehension of the secorsion of Missouri. W. W. Gitt, a Virginia delegate to the Chicago Conven tion, is here to urge Montgomery Blair for the Cabinet, apd secure something for himself. News from Mexico, New ORuRANS, Jan, 22, 1861, The schooner Fannie has arrived at Galveston from Vera Croz 10th inst. It was reported at Vera Croz that some of Miramon’s principal officers, including his Minia- ter of Foreign Rolations, had been captured by Indians; also that Miramon himeelf bad been taken, but subse. quently escaped, aftor killing three Indians, President Juarez departed from Vera Cruz on the 6th for the capital, to establish a liberal government, The Fugitive Sinve Case at © Our 461 Tn the case of tho fugitive slave girl ie cy, the defence was withdrawn & nod she will be returned to Vie: {inin to morrew morning cinnati, Bt