The New York Herald Newspaper, January 9, 1861, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU 818. AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Damow axo Pyraias, ite Bond street, — WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, ue SPrreiny. Lanp Me Five Suitutnes—Mazerra— BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Afternoon and Ever ing—Sratomo & Kocea’s Bquxstaan Trovrs—Monste or St Michast WALLACK'S Noppx's S:cxer. LAURA KEENE'S THEATRB. No. Saves Ststees. NEW BOWERY THEATRE. Bowery.—Afternoon and Evening—Bive Branp—Six Deenens oF Caine—Lorreny ‘Tie«er THEATRE, Broadway.—Pavi. Tom 624 Broadway.— AMERICAN MUSEUM, Breadway.—Day and Sea ov Icz—Aztee Cuimpren—Livine Curt BRYANTS' MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broad- way.—Burusqoxs, Sonas, Daxces, &0.—Usan Ur. HOOLEY & CAMPBELL'S MINSTRELS, Ntblo’s Saloon, Broadway.—Erni0riaN SoxGs, Daxces, BURLESQUES, &0.— Harry New Year. CANTERBURY MUSIC HALL, 663 Broadway.—Sonas, Danoes, Burixsaues, &c. New York, Wednesday, January 9, 1561. The News. The news from Washington is higlily important. Mr. Thompson yesterday resigned his post as Se- cretary of the Interior. The despatch of reinforce- ments to Major Anderson at Fort Sumter by the Star of the West from New York is the cause of this step on the part of Mr. Thompson. It would scem that these reinforcements were sent forward without authority from the Pre- sident. In fact, it is stated that the President di- rected the Secretary of War on Saturday to tele- graph the commander of the Star of the West to land the troops at Norfolk or Fort Monroe, but the despatch did’ not reach New York until after the departure of the steamer for Fort Sumter. The official confirmation of the report of the re- inforcement of Major Anderson created intense excitement at the capital, and the secessionists there immediately telegraphed to Charleston to sink the steamer if possible before she lands her troops. The act is regarded by the Southerners as a declaration of hostilities, and news of the in- auguration of a bloody civil war is looked for at any moment. ‘The brother of Major Anderson arrived in Wash- ington from Fort Sumter yesterday, having been sent thither by the President to ascertain the state of affairs. He reports that Major Anderson has ample supplies, and is confident of being able to hold the fort against any force. He makes no re- quisition for reinforcements, leaving that matter to his superiors. The government has chartered the steamer Joseph Whitney, at Boston, to convey troops and munitions of war to the forts on the Florida coast. She will sail on Saturday next. Ovr Washington despatches state that news has reached there that the Mississippi State Conven- tion yesterday adopted an ordinance providing for immediate secession from the Union. Our re- ports from Jackson, the capital of Mississippi, confirm this news, and state that the Committee on the Ordinance of Secession had adopted the ordinance unanimously, and that it will be adopted by the Convention to-day. The Florida State Conventions on Monday adopted a resolution, by a vote of 62 to 5, declar- ing the right of States to withdraw from the Union, and that the existing causes are such as to compel Florida to proceed to exercise that right. It is reported that the Governor of Florida has taken possession of the forts and other federal property in that State. Acommittee of the Virginia Legislature have prepared a bill providing for holding a State Con- vention. The election of delegates will be held on the 7th of February, and the Convention will meet on the 18th of that month. Our correspondent at Richmond is of opinion that Virginia will secede from the Union about the 20th of February. In order to meet contingencies growing out of seces- sion, the Legislature have before them a resolu- tion appropriating ten millions of dollars in de- fence of the State. One of the most important measures of the South, in connection with the secession move- ment, is developed in our Washington telegraphic correspondence. The State of Georgia has ap- pointed a Commissioner to proceed abroad, to obtain fiom foreign Powers the recognition of the seceding States as governments de facto. He will also be charged with the duty of negotiating a basis of credit and exchange, by which the cotton crop can be hypothecated in Europe and moved for joint account. But the most important duty of the Commissioner will be in re- gard to the question of revenue. If the federal government shall make arrangements to collect the revenue off Southern seaperts, it is arranged that the cotton States will pronounce for free trade and direct taxation. They will pro- ceed (o raise the revenue for the South by direct taxation, giving notice to foreign governments that Southern ports are open to the importation of their merchandise free of duty, and that the imposition of duties by the United States govern- ment is unlawful and unauthorized. The question would, therefore, become a foreign one, and Eng- land and France will be left to decide between a Northern alliance and free trade with the South. In the Legislature yesterday the Senate unani- mously adopted a resolution to present a sword of honor to Major Anderson. The subject was warmly discussed in the Assembly, but no definite action taken. Several important local matters were presented, as will be seen by our despatches. On motion of Mr. Robinsen, of Chemung, the House ordered the appointment of a select com- mittee of nine on the subject of Federal Relations, to which all resolutions on the subject were re- ferred. The Senate will probably order a similar committee, to act with that of the House. The Pennsylvania Legislature yesterday elected Edgar Cowan, republican, of Westmoreland coun- ty, United States Senator, in place of Mr. Bigler, whose term expires on the 4th of March next. The anniversary of the battle of New Orleans was celebrated in this city yesterday by a banquet at Tammany Hall, and a ball at the St. Nicholas Hotel. Both are fally described elsewhere in our Columns. Salutes in honor of the battle, coupled ‘With similar demonstrations in honor of Major An- Gerson, were fired yesterday in places too nume- Yous to mention. ‘The steamship Palestine, which left Liverpool On the morning of Christmas day, arrived at this port yesterday. She brings two days later news. ‘The most important part of the intelligence is Phat relating to China. The terms of the treaty of peace, which we publish im our news columns, were to be put into operation at once. The jn. @emnity to be paid by China has been fixed at Pight millions of taels, or about twelve millions of @ollars, in addition to which half a million of dol- | Jars are claimed for the families of the English Dfficers who were murdered. The death of Mr. Alfred Bunn is announced In Italy the bombardment of Gaeta was continued. There were rumors that Wapoleon intends erecting Southern italy into a kingdom, of which Victor Bmanue! is not to be the ruler. Rome camtinued to be agitated Ly conspiracies and intrigues, A circular of the Austrian Ministry proposes important reforms in the empire. The Palestine brings $167,100 in specie, There are no market reports by this arriva!, busine» having been suapeaded during the Christmas tioli- days. Affairs in the United States continue to attract great attention. By the arrival of the British war steamer Gladiator below New Orleans we have news from Mexico of the highest importance. It is to the effect that Miramon was routed on the 224 ult., where ts not stated; that he fied from the capital on the 24th, and that the liberal army marched in and took possession of the city on the following day. Puebla had capitulated. President Juarez was to leave Vera Cruz for the capital on the 34 inst. The war is supposed to be at an end. Typhus fever has been raging for some timo in the unfortunate city of Guadalajara, adding to its other miseries, and among those who perished there, victims of that disease, we find the names of Gencral Vanderlinden, Colonel Cheeseman and Colonel Pacel, all of the liberal army. Colonei Cheeseman was @ native of the United States, and had distinguished himself on several occasions during the civil war in Mexico. Colonel Pucel was @ young Frenchman of great promise. Van- derlinden, who had the title of genoral, was a doctor by profession, and fell at his post while attending the sick in Guadalajara. We have received files of papers from Bermuda to the 31st ult. They contain no news. The Ber- mudian comes to us in mourning for the death of its editor and proprietor, Mr. J. M. Washiagton, who died on Christmas day. We are also inreceipt of files from Caracas, Venezuela, to the 7th ult. No important events of amilitary character had taken place since our Jast dates of a fortnight previous. The citizens of Calabozo, in the province of Guarico, had for- warded a very lengthy petition to the President, asking that the present Commander-in-Chief, lately appointed, be removed, and that important office be bestowed on Gen. Paez. It is said other cities will follow in the same course. Commerce is said to be slightly improving. A locomotive for the Eastern Railroad had arrived at Caracas, and the work on the road had been vigorously recom- menced. The Legislature of Barquisemeto had decreed honors to the memory of (eneral Brito. The Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain had been officially received ‘by the government at Madrid. Our correspondent at Port au Prince, writing on the 17th ult., says the long and anxiously expocted government steamer Geffrard has arrived from Brest, after a long passage of three months. She brought the cadets who had been sent to France for their military education, The dry goods market is in a very bad condition, being flooded with English goods. There is much competition and investment in the coffee market. Besides the vessels in port,many more are expected from the North. Until their arrival the demand will exceed the supply. The second meeting of the new Board of Council- men was held last evening. The inside of the bar was crowded by ex-members of the Common Councij, while the lobby was literally jammed by spectators anxious to witness the permanent or- ganization of the Board. Soon after five o’clock, Mr. Gross, President pro tem., called the Board to order. On motion the reading of the minutes of the first meeting was dispensed with, and they proceeded to resume balloting for permanent President. The result of the first bailot was:— Morgan Jones, 12; Abraham Lent, 11; Fred. Repper, 1. Thirteen votes being necessary for an election, a second ballot was had, resulting the same as before, except a blank instead of Mr. Repper’s name. After taking twenty-three bal- lots, without choosing a President, a motion to take a recess till half-past seven was carried. The Board did not meet till after eight o'clock, when ancther ballot was taken, which resuited the same as before. Motions to adjourn till Wednesday and Thursday were made and lost, and as there seemed to be no probability of electing a Presi- dent, they adjourned to meet on Wednesday at four o'clock. The Police Commissioners yesterday received the resignation of officers Dugan and Heinsman, of the New York force, and appointed ten new men, whose names could not be ascertained. The death of Sergeant Stewart, of the Fourth precinct, Brooklyn, was reported, and a resolution passed requesting the Superintendent to investigate the charge made against Sergeant Deyo by the police magistrate of the Third police district. ‘ There was a meeting of the bar held yesterday to express the sympathy of the profession at the death off ex-Judge Kent; but in consequence of the absence of several important members of the bar, the meeting was adjourned to meet on Saturday at one o'clock. The cross-examination of Henry Botton, in the Blankman will case, was resumed yesterday in the Surrogate’s Court, but the evidence was of little interest or moment. ‘The cotton market was active and firm yesterday. The sales embraced about 6,000 bales, 3,000 of which were in transit. We quote middling uplands firm at 12%. The roceipts at the ports since 1st September last have reach. ed 1,750,000 bales, against 2,301,000 in 1860, and 1,931,000 bales in 1860. the exports have reached 1,061,000, against 1,231,000 in 1860, and 1,006,000 in 1869. The stock on hand amounted to 607,000, against 990,000 in 1860, and 770,000 in 1859. The receipts at the ports are 528,000 bales loss than those at the same time last year. ‘The exports are 190,000 below last year, and the stock on hand 383,000 below that of last year at this period. Flour was heavy, and common grades were easier, while good extras were unchanged, The sales were moderate. Wheat was dull and lower for spring and common grades, while both good red and white were un. changed. Corn was dull, and closed in favor of pur- chasers. Pork was in good demand and firmer, with sales of new mess at $16 75.0 $17; new prime ax high as $13. Sugars were steady, with sales of 1,000 bhds., chiefly Cubas, and 3,200 bags Calcutta, the latter at 5c Coffee was steady and prices unchanged, with sales of 618 bags Rio, with some parcels Maracaibo and mats Java, the latter at 16)jc. Freights were steady, with fair engagements. Message To-day—The rn Revolutionists. It is expected that Mr. Buchanan will submit a special message to Congress to-day, setting forth the difficulties of his position in reference to the execution of the laws of the United | States in South Carolina, now claiming the so- vereign powers of an independent nation ; and that he will also refer to the recent revolution- ary proceedings in other Southern States, and call upon the two houses for such legislation in the premises as may be best calculated to prevent war and to re-establish the Union. The President is bound by his official oath to “take care that the laws be faithfully exe- cuted;” and these laws comprehend the pro- tection of the property of the United States and the collection of the federal revenues in all places designated for this purpose by Con- gress. This public property, thus placed under his supervision, includes the federal fortifica- tions of Charleston harbor; and this duty of collecting the federal revenues covers the sea- ports of South Carolina, In his ananal Message to Congress, however, Mr. Buchanan, anticipating the secession of said State, pre- sented to the two houses the embarrasaments which would follow this proceeding in the exe- cution of the federal laws, and called for ad- vice and assistance, in view of the difficulties which have since come to pass Meeting with no response from Congress, the President, between bis exeoution of the laws and the maintenance of peace at Charles- ton, has had to steer between the rock Seytla ond the whirlpool Charybdis. He has, to the last extremity, forborne any violent collision witb, and bus avoided everything calculated to provoke a collision from, the local authori- ties of South Carolina. He bas made every poesible concession for the sake of peace. He has fallen back (o the end of his tethor. He can retreat no further without express authori- ty from Congress. He must collect the reve- nues from foreign imports arriving in Charles- ton harbor; but it is now apparent that the at- tempt to execute this law there will precipitate 8 collision with the armed forces of the State. He cannot now with safety abandon Fort Sum- ter, except by authority from Congress; and yet he cannot keep the United States flag flying over it without provoking a hoatile assault. What, then, is the course of wisdom in this matter? Peace being the first necessity, and the first warlike collision between federal and State troops being the immediate and only for- midable danger to be feared, the first duty de- volving upon Congreas is to comé to the assist- ance of the President in the maintenance of peace. But how can Congress relieve the Presi- dent of his responsibilities touching the execu- tion of the laws? That is the question, and we will endeavor to answer it, Congress, for example, may authorize the evacuation of the federal forts id South Carolina; Congress may repeal the several laws establishing ports of entry in that State, and may suspend within her borders the operations of the Post Office Department. We submit, too, that between these extremities and the alternative of a civil war the course of wisdom is clearly indicated. Let the powers of the federal government, its property, its offices and its benefits, be suspended within the limita of South Carolina and of every other seceding State for a limited time, and the fires of secession, for lack of combustibles, will soon go out. ‘The deliberate Southern contederacy leaders in these secession movements desire, above all things, a war with the federal government; because they feel assured that the beginning of such a war will be the end of the Union, and the establishment of a Southern confederacy. ‘The first necessity, then, to the Union is peace. Let peace be maintained a few weeks longer, and we shall have a reconciliation, a compro- mise, and the restoration of the Union. The New York Tribune, the leading republican organ of coercion, is seriously alarmed that coercion is giving way to compromise in the republican camp at Washington. That journal of yesterday, in a conspicuous editorial pro- nunciamiento, says: “ Concession and compro- mise are again at work, and with more vigor than before, to induce the republicans in Con- gress to support some policy that skall humble the North and make shipwreck of our party and its creed;” and so this inexorable man of war, Horace Greeley, calls upon his party to “speak through their local journals, and by let- ters and other means of communication, so that their Senators and representatives may have a clear knowledge of the tone of public sentiment at home.” From this alarm of Greeley we derive en- couragement. It is an alarm which shows that reason and common sense are beginning to | operate among the republican party in Con- gress. We do not, therefore, despair of saving the Union ; but there is no time to be lost. If war be avoided in the meantime, before the end of Mr. Buchanan’s administration we may still secure the Union, and on the basis of a permanent peace. To accomplish this, how- ever, the people of the North must act upon their representatives. The conservative ele- ment of the nation must arouse itself. The President elect and his Premier, Mr. Seward, must take their stand for compromise and the country. The News Yesterday—Resignation of See. retary Thompson. The news from the South yesterday is of the most important and exciting character. It announces the fact that the Star of the West has actually gone to Fort Sumter with re- inforcements for Major Anderson; that intelli- gence of her departure from New York, and of her destination, had reached Charleston; that the authorities there had telegraphed to Mr. Secretary Thompson to ascertain the truth of the report; that Mr. Thompson bad called upon the President to make the inquiry, and that, on being informed of its accuracy, he im- mediately resigned his position as Secretary of the Interior, at the same time advising the officials of Charleston of the result of his in- quiries. These facts constitute the most im- portant and critical phase of the crisis thus far, although other advices received yesterday from Virginia and Georgia, and other parts of the South, indicate that the republic is on the very brink of destruction. The resignation of Mr. Thompson is the fourth that has taken place in the Cabinet with- in the last five weeks. Each time the resigning member gave asa reason for his withdrawal that he was dissatisfied with the course pursued by the President ; while the fact was that he attempted to dictate to Mr. Buchanan, and to use his position in the government for the pur- pose of aiding and abetting the schemes of the politicians of the South. Now, however, that Secretary Thompson is gone, we believe there is only one left who has no business to be in the Cabinet, and it would be much better for the country if he would retire to-day. But out of this movement of Secretary Thompson, as well as that of General Scott-—for it appears that the latter is now an active and efficient member of the administration—out of both these movements we may within twenty-four hours have a civil war precipitated upon the country. If Col. Thomas, who has gone in com. mand of the troops in the Star of the West—of which Capt. McGowan is master—should not succeed in landing the reinforcements for Major Anderson by a coup de main, and if he should not have arrived off the port at night, which is not unlikely, and succeeded in putting his troops and supplies by ships’ launches in Fort Sumter from the outside of the port, we may expect to hear some time to-day of an attempt being made by the authorities of Charleston to sink the steamer as she passes up the harbor to effect a communication with Major Anderson Should such be the result the whole of the cotton States will be thrown into such an ex- citement that the next advices may announce the secession of nearly all, aa the Conventious of Florida, Alabama and Mississippi are now in session. [t will be seen from these tele- graphic despatches that there is no time to be lost by the people of the whole country in hay- ing the question promptly settled. It is clearly time for the conservative republicans, for Sena- tor Seward, for the President elect, and others, to take some immediate steps for the pacifica- tion of the nation, as, according to the aapect of things in the Virginia Legislature, whigh ‘NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 9, 1861. may be considered indicative of the feeliug in most of the border States, the wzole fifteen Southern States will be out of the Union by the 4th of March, and then the matter will be more difficult of settlement than ever. Now is the time for action. Circulation of the Herald—The Post Office Advertising, In accordance with the established custom of advertising the letters uncalled for in the Post Office—which the law prescribes shall be done in the paper having the largest cir- culation in the city—we responded to the call of the Postmaster, as usual, for the un- profitable privilege of crowding y our columns with matter which of course does not pay, but which we have published for some years because it is a portion of news interest- ing to many of our readers. This year we had but one competitor, none of the other papers having a circulation which would warrant them in applying for the Post Office advertising. According to the sworn statements of the two papers, the Hera. showed a daily circulation larger by twenty thousand than its competitor, and larger by ten thousand within the prescribed limits—that is, below Fifty-fourth street—so that the Post- master had no difficulty in deciding between us and the Sun, the only penny paper pub- lished in the city. The letters will therefore be advertised, in tho Hera as heretofore. Toshow the extent of our circulation, we append the following table for tho month of December:— TOTAL CIRCWLATION OF THE NRW YORK HERALD, COMMENCING DECEMBER 7, 1860, AND ENDING JANU- Any 3, 1861. Dec. 7.. ws 8 Total. 4 Daily average .... ses +» 77,107 This listdoes not include our Sunday circu- Jation, as the Postmaster has decided that the issue of that day should not be included in our statement; butin order to show what our Sun- day circulation is, we give the number of papers issued since the 3d inst., which was as follows:— January January 4 January 6 (Sunday) January 7.. : January 8. Daily average... - 82,656 Thus it will be seen that the circulation of this journal is unprecedented, and without parallel throughout the entire world. The only other large metropolitan journal which ap- proaches us in circulation—the London Times—falls short of the New York Heratp some twenty-five thousand daily, and in point of readers is still farther below the mark, in consequence of the system adopted in England of hiring out the paper at so much per hour; and we may here say that the daily circulation of the Hgeratp exceeds the combined circulation of all the other city papers, exclusive of our Post Office competitor. Assuming that every copy of the Hrraip is read by five persons—which is a fair calculation—we speak to four hundred thousand people, per- haps we might say half a million, every morn- ing throughout the entire year, with the excep- tion of two days—the 2d of January and the 5th of July—when no paper is issued. This im- mense mass of people cannot be reached at the same time by any other human means, and hence the vast influence which the Henan ex- ercises upon the public mind upon all affairs of interest or importance. The progress of this journal has now reached 8 point beyond which it is difficult to go with the machinery at our command; and even now we find it hard enough to supply the demand upon our presses, Very often we are com- pelled to leave out important news in order to enable us to get to press in proper season in the morning. In this inventive age, however, we do not despair of seeing some appliances to the machinery of the printing office whereby greater rapidity may be ac- quired and time better economized. Honors To Oup Hicxory’s Manes.— Yesterday was celebrated as the anniversary of the de- cisive battle of New Orleans—decisive not only because the British invaders were driven back, but because it brought before the American people aman who was not only a great mili- tary chieftain, but a practical common sense statesman—one whose indomitable will crushed out baumbug monopolies and ground rotten banks to powder; one who originated and exe- cuted reforms of the most important character in the teeth of the most vigorous opposition which the annals of political history recount. Such a man was Andrew Jackson, the Hero of New Orleans, the slayer of the Bank Monster, the President who left to us a legacy, the rally- ing cry of all true patriots—“The Union must and shall be preserved.” It is good to know that the people have not forgotten this man and his teachings, and that in the midst of a terrible crisis in the affairs of the country the friends of the Union should again rally to honor his memory and to express anew their adhesion to his principles. As will be noticed by our news columns, the day was very generally observed throughout the North. In this city the braves of Tammany assembled in large numbers and had a grand fes- tival. AttheSt. Nicholas Hotela large number of our most prominent citizens of all parties par- ticipated in a ball given in honor of the day. In as many as fifty interior cities and towns salutes were fired; and it is curious to note the fact that in Massachusetts, where Jackson’s party was in his day a mere corporal’s guard, the people seem to be the most enthusiastic about him, Thirty years ago, to be a Jackson man in Boston was to be made the target of the most savage personal attacks ; and the same feeling predominated all over New England. The present Governor, Andrew, comes from the old anti-Jackson stock, and is a rabid republican; but he directs salutes to be fired in honor of a man whom he would have opposed tooth and nail while alive. We might follow out this parallel as far as the home of Senator Seward, and bing it perhaps very near to this city; but the mere mention of such a wonderful change in public opinion will suffice, Now that our republican friends have burned their Jackson powder, let us see if they can give us some of Jackson’s principles. The old hero would never have approved of the nallification of the Fugitive Slave act, any more than of the action of Seulh Carolina vpoa the Tariff agt. Terrorism in Rev lutions —Deplorablc Excesses of the South, On the 5th of May, 1789, when the States General of France were opened by the King at Versailles, for the first time in one hundred and seventy-five years, and the fiers état, led by Mirabeau, assumed the title of National Assembly, such rejoicing thrided through the enlightened heart of Kurope as only could have been produced by the opening scenes of a revolution which should result in the over- throw of despotism and the enthronement of the sacred idea of popular liberty. Four years later a furious populace had sacrificed a king and queen to their fury, and the terrors of the guillotine had established the most hideous tyranny that the world has ever witnessed. The next downward step was into perfect anarchy, out of which the iron hand of Napo- leon carved an empire which deluged Europe in blood for fifteen years. A century and a half earlier republicanism in England deve- loped, also, the hopes for freedom of a civilized world; but similar exceases led to misrule and regicide, with the final establishment of the autocratic sway of Cromwell, who was suc- ceeded by a more capricious tyrant than the father who died on a scaffold at Whitehall. In like manner the revolutions of 1848 were push- ed by mob ascendency to the extreme which raised Louis Napoleon to the throne, and es- tablished monarchy throughout Germany; and there menaces the present hopes of Italy no external enemy so much to be feared as the feverish extravagance of those ultraists who are already undermining the constitutional fabric which the efforts of Victor Emanuel, Count Cavour and Garibaldi have erected with so much pains. Past history should teach the important lesson to the people of the South that every step beyond the bounds of moderation must be disastrous to their own interests, and accom- plish, by their own hands, the objects of their enemies. The aggressive political propagand- ism of abolition at the North has placed the slayeholding States upon a vantage ground of principle, which, properly understood, could never have been shaken. Thus the first steps of resistance and maintenance of consti- tutional right were hailed with joy by every good citizen in every section of the country. It was proper to withstand the onward pro- gress of an “irrepressible conflict,” ready to march over “the rice fields of South Carolina and the cotton and sugar plantations of Louisi- ana,” and to insist upon their being cultivated by free labor. It was just to demand that the remedy of the Father of his Country should be adopted in a great national crisis, and “that the constitution should be changed by an ex- plicit and authentic act of the whole people.” The recognition of property rights every- where; the needful concessions which abolition intolerance had previously denied; full liberty to carry slaves into common territory, and the recognition of universal toleration of opinion respecting slavery as a social institution in the several States of the Union, were rational re- quirements, which, properly put forwdrd, would have been responded to by the people of New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and by the great West and Northwest. Instead, however, of the dignified, majestic stand at the South of patriots, what have we beheld? The frantic mountebankery of a South Carolina mob could have been forgiven. Thirty millions of citizens could have afforded to over- look and forgive the antics of a handfull of in- dividuals, more injurious to themselves than to others, and sure to end in repentance and sub- mission. Premature secession, the seizure of Fort Moultrie, the Charleston Custom House, Post Office and Arsenal, and the arrogant pretensions of the Commissioners sent to confer with the administration of Mr. Bu- chanan, might have been smiled at with com- passion, and full allowance made for the effervescence of vanity, selfishness and dema- goguism which caused apparent local unanimity in sanctioning these illegal and hostile acts. But it is evident, from the intelligence received within the last few days, that a wild contagion of belligerent, disunion unreason prevails throughout the whole country. Georgia, with- out having seceded from the Union, seizes "pon Fort Pulaski, the most strongly fortified deience on our seaboard; Alabama lays violent hands on the defenees of Mobile; Mississippi feels entitled to cross-question a member of Mr. Buchanan’s Cabinet respecting reinforcements at Fort Washington; the powerful fortifications at the Balize are menaced by Louisiana; Maryland and Virginia, headed by Governor Wise, are organizing condottieri to march upon the Dis- trict of Columbia and prevent the inauguration of Mr. Lincoln ; another Cabinet Minister re- signs because supplies and reinforcements are sent to Major Anderson; and in our very midst, at the North, we hear the Union given up as a nuisance, and the recommen- dation made that this metropolis should rend itself asunder from the rest of the State, and contribute its quota to disunion. A politi- cal ,epidemic prevails which, if permitted to run its course, must prove most disastrous to the nation. Yet, while the South is rushing headlong from folly to folly, and States are vieing with each other in suicidal madness, there never was a moment when the conservative element in the land was more strong than it is now. At no previous time has it been so possible for the slaveholding States, by prompt, energetic, but at the same time legal and constitutional ac- tion, to recover all they have lost, and to exact “to the utmost farthing” the liberties and rights of which abolition fanaticism has attempted to deprive them. Five out ef six of the voters of the Northern States can be demonstrated, by the closest analysis of the late Presidential suf- frage, and a due consideration of the reaction that has since taken place, to be arrayed on the side of concession and the preservation, at any cost, of the integrity of the Union. The unmis- takeable love of the masses of the population of the United States for their institutions, and their determination that they shall remain un- impaired, become more evident every hour; and neither abolition fanatics nor fire-eating mobocrats and time-servers can quench the pa- triotic fire which was kindled ninety years ago. The South has only to ask for reasonable guarantees in a reasonable manner, and it will be proved within a month how readily they will be granted. The exces- sive agitation in the Southern States is de- plorable in its character, and to the last de- gree ungrateful in its manner towards those who have “borne the heat and burden of the doy,” for years, in fighting their battles, Instead of wildly rushing to arms, uttering vaia threats and indulging ia prerile military display, let the people speak ia au autborined —<$<—$—$— and dignified manner. Let State Conventions in the North and the South approximate the wishes of the different sections; and, espe- cially, let a Southern Convention propose euch amendments to the constitution as the exigen- cies of the time demand. The horrors of oivil war, the destruction of commerce, trade and’ manufactures, the impoverishment of the agri- cultural districts, and general depreciation in the value of property, may be averted, and the confederation be restored to its pristine glory and prosperity. There is no time to be lost ia abandoning the system of terrorism which un- wise individuals have lately initiated, and im readopting those measures of peace through which alone the heresies that have infected the republic can be swept away. Tromp of THE Liserat Cause 1x Mexico— Tak Caprrat. In Possession or ‘rae Constrru- vronaists.—When the news of the capture of Degolludo, Beriozabal, Traconis and Lando, at Toluca, reached this city, we stated that the fact gave us some hope of the liberal cause. The news just received by the British war steamer Gladiator, and which appears im another column, fully bears out these surmises. No sooner is the evil influence of the captured leaders removed than suceess crowns the arms ot the constitutionalists. On the 2zd-ult. Miramon was encountered and completely routed by them, and, after returning alone to Mexico, fled on the 24th. On the fol- lowing day the liberals occupied the capital, when President Juarez was immediately sent for, and was to leave Vera Cruz on the 3d inst. to exercise there the powers of the general government. Whether Miramon wili make a fresh effort to maintain himself in the field remains to be seen. His conduct for some time past would indicate that he was preparing to abandon the country definitively. It has been alleged that he has transmitted to the West Indies and the United States large sums of money, in view of the disaster which has now overtaken him. He will probably soon retire to Paris, spend- ing lavishly, like so many of his predecessors, the money which he has acquired at the ex- pense of the blood and sufferings of his coan- trymen. The restoration of the capital to the consti- tutionalists will be a severe blow to the Frenoh and Spanish diplomatists, who have labored 60 hard to sustain the church party. They recog- nized the government of Miramon te promote certain selfish objects of their own, and to counteract by it the legiti- mate influence of the United States. The result has justified the policy which Mr. Buchanan’s administration has pursued in regard to Mexico, and it is to be hoped that the Senate will no longer postpone the ratification of the treaty concluded by Mr. McLane. Should Great Britain persevere in her intention of extorting by force an indemnity for the sums plundered from hee bondholders, we shall be in a better position to act as mediators, and to afford support to the Juarez government, in the event of a seizure of territory being contemplated, if our own relations towards it are satisfactorily defined. We wish that we could see in the present triumph of the liberal cause in Mexico an as- surance of the permanent restoration of peace and order in that distracted couatry. Unhap- pily, the experience of the past and the fickle nature of the Mexican character do not war- rant us in indulging in any such hope. We fear that Mexico is destined to pass through another long series of revolutions before her affairs can be administered by men whose per- sonal honesty and capacity will inspire confi- dence at home and abroad. HIGHLY IMPORTANT FROM MEXICO. Miramon and his Forces Com- pletely Routed. The Liberals in Possession of the City of Mexico. CAPITULATION OF PUEBLA. Juarez to Proceed to the Capital, &., &., &. New Onceans, Jan. 7, 1808. ‘The British war steamer Gladiator, from Veea Crus bound to Pensacola, touched at the Southwest Pass to- day with despatches from Captain Aldham, of the Britisl ship-of-war Valorous. Miramon was completely routed by the liberal army om the 224, and, after returning alone to the capital, fled om the 24th. The liberals occupied the capital oa Christmas day. Puebla had capitulated. Juarez bad been sent for, and would leave Vera Crus ‘on the Sd inst. for the capital. ‘The city of Mexico was tranquil, and the war is sup posed to be ended. Private despatches from Vera Cruz say that the libe- rals took the city of Mexico on the 26th. Miramon find- ing no support at once resolved to capitulate. The schooner Alphonsine has arrived from Yucataa, 25th. The new government had prociaimed the constite- tion of 1867. vase The New Administration. Sraivorm.n, Jan. 8, 1861. The explosion of the Cameron bubble i# a source of great relief to the many leading republicans now congre- gated here. Their evident delight furnishes conclusive evidence of the unpopularity of his appointment. A delegation from Iowa is in town to-day urging the claims of Fitz Henry Warren for the Postmaster General ship. Their visit developed the fact that Col. Curtis, from the same State, is up for Secretary of War. Mr. Judd is strongly pressed by certain [ilinois politi- cians for the Interior Department, but his claims are also actively opposed by home influences. Mrs. Lincola is expected to start for New York to- morrow. Non-Arrival of the Bre: and Glasgow ‘Saxov Jan. 812 P.M ‘There are no signs as yot of the steamers Bromen Glasgow. Wind north and light; weather olouty aud very dark. Non-Arriv of the Nova Scotian. Powriann, Jan. M. ‘There are no signs of the Nova Scotian, now fuily dus ‘at this port with Londonderry dates of Dec. 29. The New War Steamer Pe ola. Wasiiscron, Jan. 8, 1861, ‘The sloop-of-war Pensacola arrived at the Navy Yard at this place today. She was towed up the Potomac from Norfolk by the steamtug Northampton. Ste is brought here to receive her machinery. She was built at Pensacola, is two thousand tons buriten, and reached Norfolk from that port under soils, She is a fine model, and ia ted to bea fast sailer, [twill be three or four months before ber machinery will be om board and ju working order Election in ‘Toronto, Torown, ©. W., Jan. 8, 1864 1 @ Bowes was to day clested Mayor of Toroate over M. ©. Cameron