The New York Herald Newspaper, December 20, 1860, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. TERMS, tn adeance. by mail will be at the = adams, | Honey is barrens ta New Kerk ILY HERALD, two conte THE BEKLY HEKALI, nme pentane OE ver at _% ny remem, he Bure in Beit }. CA Bi es axon an Ress Fb te, | cach sont ct oe "Wednesday, at four cente per “CORKESPONDENCE, cond containing important any qua:ter ‘world; 1 used, will be Becratly p "ag Ofn' Vouion Ooutssrbapeste ane Faweicctanty Bagumeren To Baal Att Lurteus anv Pack: 71) Norte) 'E uaken of anonymous correspondence. We do not umtcation®, FeV ERTISEMENTN renewed every day; advertisements in- ecrtad in the Wauxty Hunatt Fiuiut Hswacb, and tn the Caigornta and Buroyean Volume xXV. NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadwi Goiv—Pinate Loven. WINTER GARD N, Broadway, opposite Bond street — Tucamnxe BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery —Sraupina & Roger's Equestaian Trours. Aut Taat Guirtens is NO WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway.—To Maaay on Nor fo Manur—A Racy ror 4 Wivow LAURA KEENE’S THEATRE, No. 624 Broadway — Baven Sistexs. NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery —-Hanns, Tux Tow rea—Devin's Gan AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—Day and Pus Sua OF lox—Azrec CuiLpRen—Livine Cure BRYANTS’ MINSTRE: way.—Buniesquis, SoxG: Mechanics! Fall, 472, Broad. Dances, &0.—Ricuanp 1 HOOLEY & CAMPRELL'S MINSTRELS, Niblo's Saloon Broadway.—Eriioriam Sonas, Daxors, BuRLEsquas, &o.— Dimes ND. CANTERBURY MUSIC HALL, 663 Broadway.—Songs, Dancxs, Buniesquys, &¢ es MELODEON, No. 539 Broadway.—Sovas, Danors, Bur Exsques, Ao HOPE CHAPEL —Rev. Hi. N. Hupson’s Crrrican ANaty~ Bus OF THK PLAY OF OTUMLLO. New York, Thursday, December 20, 1560, MAILS For THE PACIFIC. New York ‘Herala—c alifornia Edition. The mail steamship North Star, Captain Jones, will leave this port to-m@rrow, at noon, for Aspinwall ‘The mails for California and other parts of the Pacific Will close at ten o'clock to-morrow morning. The New Yore Warxiy Hxkarr—California edition— containing the latest intelligence from all parts of the world, with a large quantity of local and miscellaneous matter, will be published at nine o'clock ia the morning Single copies, in wrappers, ready for mailing, six conts Agonts will please soud in their orders as early as pos sible The News. The proceedings of Congress yesterday were Snteresting. In the Senate, after the consideration of the bill for carrying out the treaties with Mexi- ©o, and the transaction of some other minor busi- ness, the resolutions of Mr. Johnson, of Tennes- wee, proposing amendments to the constitution, were taken up, and Mr. Johnson addressed the Se- nate at length in support of his propositions, ‘The debate was participated in Ly other Senators. Senators Slidell and Gwin made corrections of statements charging that they had used hard ‘words towards the President. Mr. Toombs, of Georgia, made his appearance in the Benate yesterday. In the House the greater portion of the day was occupied in the discussion, in Committee of the Whole, of an amendment to the Deficiency Appropriation bill, offered by Mr. Sherman, appropriating $900,000 to carry out the Jaw for the suppression of the African slave trade, Various members toek part in the debate, and the appropriation was finally passed. An effort was made to have the House adjourn over from yesterday to the 7th of Janua- y, but it failed. From Charleston our despatch in this morning's paper is important, We details of the s tion Convention proceedings, to which our readers are referred, another column. It is snp- posed the secession ordinance will be reported to-day, and pass immediately. Mr. Keitt, it is stated, las tendered to the Governor of Sonth Caroling his resignation as representative in Con- gress. Oar Mill ville despatch gives a brief account of the d in the rgia Legislatu question as to whether the seceding Sta act individually or co-operatively. In the the res on in favor of co-operation with all the other seceding States was adopted by a vote of Mr. Harris, the a oner from Mississippi, addressed the Li lature = Monday. A convention of Mim Men was ld at Nor. folk, Va., yesterday. Strong secession sentiments were expressed, and © uch enthusiasm prevailed. The steamship Atlantic, from Southampton on the 6th inst., arrived at this port early yesterday morning. The Atlantic brings #350,000 old. but her advices have been anticipated. The re- ception of our uenal files endbles as to give to-day details of European news one day later than those received by the Etna, published yesterday morn ing. The English press continued to discuss the se cession qui on, generally scouting the idea of a dissolution of the Union of the States. The Lon- don Herald, in an able article, points atten- tion to the danger in which the English manufac- turers are placed by the prospect of a stoppage of the sapply of cotton from America, and urges the necessity @f immediate and efficient action on the rt of the people and government of Great Bri- tain for the purpose of securing a supply of that Important staple elsewhere. nr lntest dates from Rio Janeiro are to Nov. RB, Pernambuco Nov. 15, and Buenos Ayres Oct. ©. Exchange in Rio, on London, 27.90—same as before. Accounts from Vernambuco state that there are large quantities of sugar ready in the interior, and that the cotton crop islarger than the previous one. At Buenos Ayres the National Convention had dissolved, after adopting the con- stitutional reforms, and on October 21 the consti- tution was solemnly sworn to throughout the pro. vince. Buenos Ayres thus becomes reunited with the other provinces of the Argentine Confedera- tion By the pony express, which passed Fort Kearney on Tuesday, we have San Francisco dates to the Sth inst. Business in San Franciseo was generally dull, so far aa related to commercial affairs. The official retorns of the vote of the State in the Presidential election were opened and counted hy the Secretary of State on th and showed a plurality for Lincoln of 757. dates from Oregon by thie arrival are to the 29th uit., and from British Columbia to the 19th; bat m the meagre details furnished, we do not gather anything of striking interest. A synopsis of the news will be found in another column. An explosion of one of the steam pipes on board the steamer Commonwealth occurred about four o'clock yesterday morning, off Throge’s Nock. ‘The steamer was on het way to this city, but at the time of the accident was lying at anchor, wait. ing for daylight. Ten persons were scalded—cight of them so badly that they had to be removed to the hospital om their arrival in this city. An ac count of the explosion is given in another place. A diasetrous fire occurred last evening at No. 26 and 28 Frankfort street, a seven story building, owned by Chartes Jenkine and occupied by diffe rent persons, The loss is estimated at abe atone honéred thoussad dollars, abvat one-half ¢overed by inserance. NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1860. | ‘The case of the caplale anlmatan et 4 the slaver Cora was continued yesterday before United States Commissioner Morell; but the testimony of only one witness (Mr. Humphrey, of the firm of F. D. Morgan & Co.) was taken, and, owing to the ill- ness of Capt. Latham, one of the prisoners, the case was further adjourned to Friday (to-morrow). In the Board of Education last evening the nominations for teachers of the evening schools | made by the local wards in various wards | throughout the city were confirmed. The debates ws | on these nominations, though devoid of interest, occupied the greater part of the attention of the Board. The other business transacted was of a routine and unimportant character. At a meeting of the Emigration Commissioners yesterday an application was received asking the Board to authorize the repairing of the physician's residence at Quarantine, now occupied by !'r. Waltzer. Commissioner Carrigan considered that to repair a building which would probably be sold | this winter was an injudicious proceeding, but it was agreed, nevertheless, to authorize the repairs to proceed. The weekly statement showed that 395 emigrants arrived at the port last week, | which brings the number for 1860, so far, up to 102,116. The balance to the credit of the Board is $973 87. The demand for beef cattle yesterday was de- cidedly more active, and the quality being good, holders were enabled to realize an advance of 4c. per pound. Fancy Christmas beeves were pleaty, and held at from Ile, to 12%e. per pound. Cows were steady; veals active and firm. Sheep were scarce, active and 50c. to 75c. higher. Some of the handsomest sheep ever offered wore sold. At O'Brien's one lot sold at $13 per head, and at Chamberlin’s a choice lot brought $22 each. Swine were plenty and a shade lower, prices ranging from 4%. to 5%4c., including all kinds. The total receipts we: 4,459 beeves, 106 cows, 415 veals, 8,030 sheep and lambs and 15,180 swine, ‘The cotton market yesterday was again better and mors active. The sales embraced about 4,000 bales chiefly instore, closing on the basis of about 10%. @ even lots of middling uplands. At the point Jepression middling uplands were soll down ‘ome cash sales were made at 9i;c. The cached about Le. per Ib., which is equiva: wbout $4 50per bale. This, applied to th unsold, lent to of ball gives a recovery in va about $15,500,000. The decline at 9%. p: for the 5,000,000 was estimated at $18,000,000. Hence only $4,500,000 is required to restore it to its for- m¢ us. ‘The reaction in its favor has been greater than in other articles of domestic produce. The receipts at the ports since the first of September last have reached 1,405,000 bales, against 1,764,000 in 1859, and 1,493,000 in 1558. The exports have reached 738,000 bales, against 902,000 in 1559, and 729,000 in 1858. The stock on hand embraced 651,000 bi against 800,000 in 1859, and 660, 000 in 1858 The vase in the receipts at the ports 6,000 bales. ‘The exports are 161,000 under that of ear, ‘The stock on hand is less by 149,000 bales than it was last year. Flour was firmer and in fair de mand, with sales within range of quotations given in an other place. The market closed at an advance of Se. # 10¢. per bbl, Wheat was firmer, with a fair demand for ship- ping lots. Corn was steady, with fair sales. Pork was steady at rates given elsewhere, Beef and lard were also st Sagars were firmer, and advanced about Asc. per lb., with sales of 800 bhds, Cuba. Coffe was quiet but steady. Freights were rather easier for Eng lish ports, while engagements were fair The Conservatism of Popular Sent: Who Does Mr. Lincoln Represent? It has become so evident, through recent developements and a careful analysis of the late Presidential vote, that Mr. Lincoln was not elected to the Chief Magistracy of the United States by any predilection of the people for abolitionist disunion, but by fortuitous causes, that even the © wayfaring man, though a fool,” cannot fail to perceive how utterly false the idea is of those pseudo religious and philan- thropist fanatics, who press him forward as the representative of antislave power ascendancy in the Union. Out of a total of 4,710,548 votes in the country, we have had occasion to show that, including the whig ze of 815,000 for and conservative the President elect, 00 for Breckinridge, id mass of 8,681,500 people may be regarded os arrayed on the side of coneession and the preservation of the in- tegrity of the nation, while but fifty thousand over « million were, even on the 6th of Novem- ber last, to be considered as siding with the principle that “the Northern conscience is irre- concilably opposed to slavery, because slavery is wrong.” The popular voice itself has pro- claimed, by a majority of three and a half to one, its abhorrence of abolitionism; and if the revulsion of feeling, from Maine to Kansas within the last five weeks, is estimated at its pro per worth, it is within bounds to assert that not one ont of ix of those who are entitled to vote within the United States ore prepared the continuance of aggressive policy against the South. The practical effec of the ravings of Messrs. Garrison, Wendell Phillips, Greeley, Henry Ward Beecher, Gid dings, Wade, Hole and Sumner has been a com- plete reversal of the medal which the erazy ul- traism of the last quarter of a century has been coining in the hearts of the clergy-beridden crotchet mongers of the North, and the stagna- tion of trade and commerce, the closing of the outlets for our produce, and the pinchings of hunger, which will be the consequence, are di- minishing their numbers from day to day. It is evident, therefore, thet Mr. Lincoln is not the President elect of a party or a faction, but that he stands, if he will but appreeiate the advantages of his position, upon the enviable vantage ground of being bound by fewer ties and obligations than any ruler of the conatry who ever preceded him. The party which cle- vated him to power was but a temporary con- glomeration of heterogenous elements, to which he can never owe any allegiance, because it has ever been, and is, irreconcilably divided in itself. All party lines have become gra- dually obliterated by the alarming crisis to- | wards which the country has been Jurrying, | and while democrats, Unionists and conserva- tive republicans look to the President elect to emulate the glories of Washington, Jefferson and Madison, only a contemptible and con- tinnally decreasing faction place their trust in him to perpetuate the sectional discord which is eurely reducing us to a state of political anarchy. A critica? examination of and 742.500 for the history of the rise and progress of the republi- can party would show that the vital element which has sustained it will readily account for its present disorgani- vation, as well as for the singular manner in which it has acquired its factitious claims upon the attention of the people. Its success has been owing to the advantages which a minority, whatever principles it may have, possesses over a majority, in rallying around it all the discon- tented and disaffected portions of the commn- nity. Of the voters for the republican ticket at the late election, two-thirds, at least, were simply antidemocrats men disgusted with the ve vality, corruption, littioness and want of title to personal and public respect enjoyed by the leadere of (he domfmant party, and prepared to advocate any ‘dius as one for the better. The nucleus around waich these mistaken, short- sighted individuals rallied was, however, utterly bad, intensely corrupt, and owing its strength fo the same vicious engineering which, from the time of Egyptian priestcraft down to the pe- riod of witch-burning in Salem, and temperance law fanaticism in Maine and Massachusetts, ha3 been employed by an ambitious celery to retain their oligarchic supremacy over narrowminded, credulous and bigoted followers. Mr. Lincoln is not called upon to decide between the repub- lican faction and Chicago platform, boih of which are obsolete, and a democratic party which is virtually dead, but whether he will, aa the father of the people, the successor of George Washington, array himself upon the side of religious and political freedom, or be fettered by bonds with which a few New Eag- land clergymen would shackle him, For thirty, forty, perhaps for sixty centuries, there bas existed in the world a self-vlected, privileged class of monopolists of opinion, which, with varying success, has ever continued to devise new means to fascinate small minds, cater to the newest and most fashionable pre- judices, and swim smoothly upon the surfue* of every stream and current of national exist- ence. Its constant clamor is for human sacrifice. Whether it presents itself in the shape of the car of Juggernaut, the pyramids of Mexico, the holy bulls of Egypt, or the auto-dafes of Ma- drid and Smithfield, it appeals with the same voice to its blinded sectators, and drives then wild with the theory that their future welfare or woe demands some bloody sacrifice to some new, monstrous and unheard of theory. It was so among the Puritans, who scourged, banished and burned the Quakers; among the crazy sacrificers of wiiches in the days of Cotton Mather; it was represented by an eminent di- vine who, only thirty years ago, declared that his sect must “wade through a sea of blood” to become the State religion of this land; it initiated the liquor laws and the Personal Liberty bills of our Puritan States, and t has clothed itself with abolitioniam “as with a garment,” as a means of domi- neering over the minds of its followers Pushed to its last limit it would behead, burn or otherwise destroy every slaveholder in the land. Although it emanates, in this country, from once slaveholding States, they make the question of slavery one of individual as well as national salvation and damnation, and create, as an especial religious dogma, undying hostility to an institution which is inwoven with the con- stitution of the country. In the face of a state of things so terrible what does the national mind demand? It sxacts from Mr. Lincoln, as the President elect—from its representatives in Congress-- from those who are the organs of popular opi- nion throughout the land—the right to the same freedom of opinion upon this subject as is en- joyed upon every other. If pro-slavery or anti-slavery are to become distinct tenets, pre- cisely the same right to believe with the South or with the North is to be protected, as is looked for by the Catholic, the Presbyterian, the Episcopalian, the Methodist, the Baptist, the Unitarian or the Free Thinker, in advo- cating and maintaining his opinions. The abo- litionist of Massachusetts may prohibit slavery, locally, for bis own people, if it suits him; but he shall none the less recognise as his neighbor the Southern fellow citizen who brings his bondsman to the Revere House, and whose doctrine diverges from his own. When the constitution of 1787 was framed, slavery was a part of the common law of the United States. Many legists think that it is so still. Upon the basis of this common law the constitution was framed. Nothing more is asked than that the Southern citizen should be allowed now the liberty which was cheerfully yielded then. psequent local legislation has all been ex- ceptional. Let Mr. Lincoln plant himself firmly upon the rock which afforded a sure and safe foothold for his illustrious predecessors of the early days of the republic, and its existence is safe. Storms may arise and winds may blow, but nothing can rend asunder « fabrie which has the highest and most sublime principles of toleration and freedom of opinion for its foun- dation. Let Mr. Lincoln do this, let him con- sider also the necessities of the confederation in 1860, recommend for the benefit of both North and Sonih such amendments to the constitution as shail meintain each in its rights, and he will deserve to be classed bigher in history than my President since the time of Washington who ever occupied the place to which he is called as Chief Magistrate of the country. Tie Mangement or tae Crry Frxaxers.— The system of collecting and safekeeping the finances of the city and county is very defec- tive, and has called for repeated appeals from the Comptroller, the Street Commissioner and other heads of departments for reform. In the first place, the opening of the tax books as late in the year as October has involved the necessity of raising large sums of money on Joans for the passing expenses of the govern- ment at interest which counts up a heavy item in the year. Last year, for instanee, the inte- rest on county loans alone amounted to over $70,000, Now this is a dead loss to the trea- sury, which might be avoided by collecting the taxes earlier in the year. Again, a bonus of seven per cent is now allowed on all taxes paid before the Ist of December; whereas the proper arrangement would be to fix a certain time for the payment of taxes, and impose a penalty for non-payment within that period, instead of giv- ing a reward for punctuality as now lished. This plan would work better in every way. It would enforce punctuality, and it would render certain the actual amount tc be raised from taxation which now must vary considerably according to the amount of discount allowed on the sums paid in before December 1. But the greatest evil in our finance depart- ment is the mode in which the public moneys are kept. Some other plan should be adopted If the city i« to obtain no imterest on its deposits—which it does not receive mow —it would be far better to retain the finances in gold and silver as the fecrral goveroment does. Tt would at least be seoure if so pro- vided for, which it is not while deposited in any bank; for the security vhich the county treasurer is bound to give is wholly inadequate to the amount ordinarily it his possession. For instance, at the present tme there is very nearly two millions of the city money in bank, whereas the treasurer is bound in only $200,- 000 for security, which, in fact, is no security “ihe whole financial sysien needs reform, and in no instance more than in this matter of keeping the deposits, and we hope to see it all change before long. whe Great Crisis of the Age—its Eareet Napoleon bidding his comrades to recollect Abrood und Remedy at Home. We have reprinted to-day, from the London ‘Times of December 5, an elaborate leading ar- ‘cle upon the present aspect of our political and commercial affairs, We also reproduce ar- ticles from other London journals, because they all go to show, not only that the crisis \hrongh which these States are passing has al- ready taken the place of the great topic of the day in England, but likewise prove that the Lritich journalists are so far misled by the re publican press that they are utterly incapable of understanding themselves, much less of ex- plaining to their readers the causes which have brought about the present state of things in America. The English capitalist agrees with the English journalist in the opinion that the American crisis is only a flurry, that it will blow over in a short time, and that it is a sort of special dispensation in favor of foreign specu- lators. Therefore, the merchants and bankers of London and Liverpool take advantage of the depreciation in the prices of our great staplee—¢otton, corn. wheat and tobacco— end the low figures which appear in our stock list, and British gold tows in our direction. Cotton is still king, and Great Britain must pay tribute. are so far depreciated that the English capital- st cannot resist the temptation to dabble in ‘hem, This speculative mania springs in part from cupidity, but is mainly brought abou! hy the profound ignorance of the English people as regards American politics. The London Times itself is little better informed upon the real state of things here than the cockney shopman who never travels beyond the shores of the Thames. The Times takes ts arguments from our republican cotem- poraries. The former errs innocently, while the latter intentionally, and to promote party purposes, suppress facts, distort the truth, ond exert all possible means, fair or foul, to misrepresent the position of the South. Let us look for a moment at the theory of the London Times. Not because it is new. The fact is, that the Times has taken up the position which the progress of events has compelled the more temperate of the republican leaders to abandon long ago. The Times begins by ridiculing the secession movement, and declares that it has been caused by the disappointment of the South at the result of the election, and that the cotton States are going out because “they do not like Mr. Lin- coln.” ‘This statement is utterly absurd. The South was not disappointed, because the South had no hope that the election would result in any other way than it did. The South had no special candidate for the Presidency. Mr. Bell, Mr. Breckinridge and Mr. Douglas were sup- ported by certain rival political factions in the slave States, but the Southern people proper were not united upon either of them. Now they feel that the advent of a Northern sectional - party to power is the crowning point in a series of attacks upon an institution in the preservation of which the interests, not only of the South, but of all the States, and even Great Britain herself, are bound up. And it is very natural that the descendants of the men who founded the great empire over which Victoria holds such gentle sway, as well as those who perilled their lives and fortunes in our War of Indepen- dence, should think seriously of resuming the powers which they delegated to the federal government in consideration of certain consti- utional guarantees which the dominant power at the North declines or neglects to recognise, The Times is much more sensible when it dcclares that the feelings which now divide us are “far more bitter than those of diverse nations and races; that they are “facts which connot be reasoned away,” and that “it is in vain to dispute the danger.” The T mes also takes the correct view of the matter when it states that London, Liverpool, Manchester and New York are directly interested in the perpetuation of slavery, and the Herald goes so far as to call upon the government to open the eyes of the manufacturers to a sense of their in- security and assist them to obtain cotton else- where. The article in the Telegraph, from which we have made an extract, is sufficiently absurd to have emanated from the philosophers of the New York Tribune. It goes with the others to show, however, that the depth and import- ance of the secession movement is not under- stood by the people who do the thinking for the British public. In the face of the largespecie shipments—over two millions already made, it is apparent that this profound ignorance of the directors of public opinion has had the effect of stultifying the popular mind, and the natural inference is, that when the reaction does come it will be more terrible than if the people had been gradually prepared for it. The British journalists should make their readers understand that the South does not complain so much of the mere fact of the elee- tion of Mr. Lincoln as of the events which preceded it, such ws the growing insecurity of slave property, owing to the open attacks of Jobn Brown and the sneaking laree of haser thieves than he; the unfriendly legisla- tion of the New England States, and, finally, the endorsement which the success of the re- publican party gives to all these things, and to the dogma that the South has no right to take its slaves into the Territories which have been gained by the blood and treasure of all the States combined. For our own part, we do not expect that our institutions and the prin- ciples of our government will ever be under- stood in Europe. They certainly will not when British statesmen look at them from the Exeter Hall point of view, and while Frenchmen like -Vietor Hugo rave about John Brown as a second Washington. In dne time, however, they will be bronght to real- ize the magnitude of the present crisis hy its effects, If the cotton States carry heir intentions into effect, England will feel the #hoek more severely than any one imagines. ‘The English look to us for moral support in the contest which they have been waging against despotiem during the Inst century and a half. The European liberals point. to the United States, # silent but most powerful argument in favor of the principle of self-covernment. So the matter is not altogether one of dollars and cents. It takes « higher and # broader ground: and should be treated as a solemn crisis in the history of the world. The responsibility of meeting it rests upon the President elect. Mr. Lincoln is placed in one of those grand posi- tions which are rarely vouchsafed to men, and which are almost invariably filled hy indivi- duals who have sprung from the hody of the people, Washington sesuming the com- mand of the army, Garibaldi depariag* from Genoa for his Sicilion expedition, Our securities | that from the top of the Pyramids forty centu- ries locked down upon them, are grand cen- tral figures upon the canvass of history. It is not too much to say that Abraham Lincoln bas an opportunity to achieve renown equal to that of either of the heroes above named, and with- out the shedding of one drop of blood. As it has been truly said, republican institutions are upon their trial, and it remains to be seen whether Abraham Lincoln will do his duty faithfully or go over to the enemy. The pub- lic verdict has already been pronounced against the Chicago platform, against the Personal Liberty bills, against all the ab- stractions of the republican party, and Mr. Lincoln, if he understands his duty to his God and his country, and has the courage to do it, will come out now, boldly discurd all the trash which the small politicians of bis party dignify with the name of “ princi y les,” and declare himself independent of all ‘actions. creeds or partisan feelings of any sort We want a President for the whole country— not for Vermont. Will Mr. Lincoln let us know whether or not he is the man for the crisis? He must speak now, Now is the accepted time, DrowstxG Men Carcnixo at Straws.—The miserable subterfuges to which the republican journals are resorting in the “sea of troubles” on which they are tossed, suggest the image of drowning men grasping at straws. One of them, pretending to be an organ of commerce, asserted yesterday that “cotton is not king,” because some Downeaster says he has discover- ed a substitute for it in Canadian flax, from which he manufactures what he calls “ fibrillA,” just asif the fibre of flax will not always make linen, no matter to what process it is sub- jected. Itmay prove to be a very good article, and it may turn out a sham; but it will be no substitute for cotton, which is destined to reign king of American commerce for some time to come, notwithstanding the ingenious Yankee invention. Another republican journal of this city, long befogged in the mists of the Mincio’s elbows, labored yesterday to show in a long article that the South is of little or no value to the Union, and that “two Lowells are of greater moment than South Carolina in commercial af- fairs, and Philadelphia is a dozen South Caro- linas rolled into one.” We would ask what would Lowell and Philadelphia be to-day but for South Carolina and the other cotton States? Because Lowell produces fabrics exceeding in value half the whole exports of South Carolina, ergo, Lowell is double the value of that State to the country, Now the difference is just this, that the threatened loss of South Carolina has shaken the Union to its centre, and Europe it- self has felt the shock; whereas, if Lowell were swallowed up by an earthquake, and all New England and her manufactories with it, the loss to the rest of the Union would amount to no- thing. Indeed, on the contrary, # large ma- jority of the people would consider the absence of the New England States from the confedera- tion a very great gain. Just let Massa- chusetts propose to secede from the Union, and she will see whether any of the middle or Southern States will ask her to remain. They could get every de- scription of fabric cheaper from Europe than from Massachusetts, and they would get rid of the disturbing clement of her Puritanism. There is no danger of revolution and civil con- vulsion from any of the New England States going out of the Union, whatever may arise from their remaining in. The Massachusetts factories, with the aid of the South, merely give a living to their own population, far inferior to that which South Carolina gives her slaves. There are no paupers in South Carolina, whose products not only support her own people in comfort, but contribute materially to the sustenance of the white slaves of Lowell. From a pound of iron, worth a few cents, watch springs may be manufactured worth thousands of dollars. But without the iron where would be the watch springs and their makers? Without cotton what would Lowell be and the other towns of New England where it is manufactured? When the South, in exchange for her cotton, takes the goods of Old England instead of those of New England, and at the same time manufactures extensively for herself, what will become of the prosperity of Lowell and the wealth of the solid men of Bos- ton? It is only persons whose wis are affected by their desperate situation can resort to such flimsy logic as that which constitutes the staple of the republican journals of New York. Prospect or as Atiantic Trneorara.It appears, by the report of the British expedition despatched to survey the route for a trausat- lantic telegraph by way of Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands, that the project is qnite practicable. If this be trne, il is 4 matter of the greatest moment to this country and to the whole commercial world. Assuring that a per- manent difficulty exists in working the stretch of submarine cable from Valentia to New- foundland, as the failure of the great Atlantic cable would indicate, that difficulty may be ob- viated on the new route, becanse inno case will there be any necessity for a longer submerged cable than about six hundred miles, while there will be various intermediate land connections It would be a very easy matter to repair any damage in so small a portion of eable as six hundred miles, should any occur. Thus it will be seen that there is yet a pros- pect of establishing a telegraphic connection between this continent and Europe, through the enterprise of England and the United States: and we may hope to be in communication with the whole civilized world very probably within two years from now, if this Northern ocean line is successfully laid. long Tue Diseston Agrrerton is Vinoria. The Richmond Enquirer, the organ (democratic) of the Virginia disanionists, has become exceed- ingly belligerent. It says that Maryland ought to prevent the inauguration of Abraham Lin- coln a President of the United States; that Virginia and Maryland ought to seize all the federal forts and navy yards within their reach, and that in every possible way the ise of war should be made np against a black repub- lican administration. Om the other hand the Richmond Whig (Bell-Brerett Union organ) indignantly exposes what it says is the plan of the Virginia disunionists to precipitate the “mother of States and statesmen” into the un- known ocean of secession; that this plan com- prehends the call, election and meeting of a State convention, and the act of secession for by the convention, all in the brief in- re 4th of March. The Whig calls for time and the decen: of deliberation upon this gvent cries, and fur ® fight in the Union en for State and Southern rights. We fear, how- ever, that even in the quiet old law and order Commonwealth of Virginia the secessionists have the whip hand, and that all the Southera States are going by the beard. Garibaldi amd the Present Aspect of the New Italian Kingdom. We are gratified to find by the Iatest accounts from Europe that unanimity pre- vails in the Parliament of Turin, and that the Mazzini faction is consequently impotent among all parties in Italy. The amalgamation of Naples and Sicily with the new monarchy cannot be other than an object of common in- terest to the whole of Northern Italy, and this affords the best guarantee of freedom from in- ternal strife. Ignorance, anarchy, local prejudice and Bourbonist reaction will undoubtedly confront the wary Cavour as he advances step by step in the work of organizing the new govern- ment, but there is little danger that the scru- ples of mistaken patriotism will throw any se- rious obstacle in the way of his progress. We know there are many of the nominal supporters of Garibaldi who are opposed to the union of Southern and Northern Italy, and that no small number of the clergy entertain the most rankling hostility to the Piedmontese dynasty; but the peasantry are indifferent to political changes, and the advisers of the King are not without resources for enforcing the rights and dignity of the Crown. In this they will be aided by the intellect of the country, and the prestige which will accrue from their labors in promoting its material prosperity, for which there is a wide field in the readjustment of taxation, the fostering of foreign commerce, the abolition of police spiea, the formation of new roads, and much beside. These improve- ments in national policy cannot but convince the Neapolitans of the advantages of a free go- vernment, involving wealth and comfort, nor fail in contrasting remarkably with the old regime of tyranny and neglect. So far Victor Emanuel has a prospective advantage in com- ing after the most obnoxious of despotisms, although. that very misery and degradation which it produced is at present a source of difficulty to him. The most prudent suggestion that could be made to the new government would be that of conciliating the rural priesthood as much as possible, and probably on the principle that a man’s principles have a good deal to do with his pocket. The speediest mode of doing this would be a royal gift of a few thousand ducats to St Januarius. The now excommunicated sovereign might by such means have his ortho- doxy proclaimed to the people. With regard to Garibaldi’s disbanded volunteers, we are afraid the contagion of their dissatisfaction will spread throughout Lombardy, Tuscany and Piedmont, and it cannot be doubted popu- lar sympathy will be enlisted on behalf of those brave followers of the brave, who may reasonably be thought to have been ungene- rously treated. Garibaldi, say what we may, is the national hero; he is the idol of the Ital- ians; his name is a power throughout the new kingdom, and there is no knowing how that power may eventually work. We ourselves are as sincere admirers of that great Italian liberator as any in Europe; but we cannot do otherwise than hope that however much he may be dissatisfied, nothing will arise seriously subversive of the Piedmontese dy- nasty, for in that event the only alternative will be anarchy, and the defeat of the cause of Ital- lan liberty—the very object for which Garibaldi fought. As Garibaldi voluntarily resigned the dictatorship at the time he did, he incapacitat- ed himself for that almost sovereign position his special partisans now advise him to strug- gle for. It will be a bad sign indeed if Naples and Sicily prove to be ungovernable, and it will recoil with tenfold disaster upon both demagogues and people. Garibaldi, we learn, will very soon leave the island of Caprera for Paris, to confer, by invitation, with the French Emperor respecting the objects of the projected Italian-Hungariaa war against Austria. This will be a mark of | high consideration, and may exercise an im- portant influence over the Italian kingdom, Austria and Hungary. There is no doubt that the best policy the Cabinet of Vieona can adopt will be that of preventing the war by a compliance with the demands of the Hna- garian Diet and relinquishing Venetia; but at present the intense antipathy which Francis Joseph hax to suffering this loss leads us to think that he will prefer fighting the battle, although, according to existing appearances, there is every probability of the destruction of his empire in such a conflict. It is possible that the proposed interview at the Tuileries may have some effect in hastening the selection of the capital of the new king- dom. That sooner or later the Pope will give his consent to its being in Rome, in considera- tion of an annual grant from the King of Italy, we feel certain: and as this has to be done, it were well it were done quickly. Tuaxkxservine Day oN Breriin—Geawan Views or American PouricsIn another column will be found a report of the dinner given in celebration of Thanksgiving Day by the Americans resident in Berlin. It will be seen, by the speech of Baron Von Holzendorf, that intelligent Germans take a much more rational view of the inconsistencies incident to republican as well as all other systems of government than English politicians or jour- nalists. In alluding to the “bowie knife’ and “Lynch law”—ideas attaching to America in many parts of the Old World—he obser- ved—and the sentiment was loudly cheered by the Germans present—that “it was better to have to suffer from the occasional ebullitions of individual energy than from the lasting pressure and perpetual inter- ference of a police system.” It is only by balancing the benefits against the disudvan- ages of any particular form of society or go- vernment that « correct idea con be obtained of its conditions, \s ne buman system ean hope to attain perfection, that which gives the greatest individual liberty and which conduces most fo the bappiness and prosperity of the masses ie manifesily the ene whieh is entitled to the first place in men’s estimation. Whilst the suicidal obstinney of « faction is on the ntof breaking up a confederation which excites the admiration and envy of the Kurepean populations, it is noteworthy that the Vrussian speakers at this meeting should all have insisted the nvcessiiy of the anity of be Germon States being seeared by a similar plan, Should such a reeutt ever he reali can only he tendered eS as perienct bes shown wa, pr provisi A being made for the equality aad fali protection of all the interewis invol red.