The New York Herald Newspaper, December 5, 1860, Page 5

not casy to conccive what ms eould be employed guilclentiy eomprescasive {07 the purpose. bo] geo a frcm tbe weasury of tbe mation, im furtherance of whose insereate this extended and overous ser vice is porform 4 orem 0 ated to Congress 6 the epasiment of This system, #0 carct/ully maintained, is ap filustratien Mareb 5, 1061, is by 2° means made appsrent in the | alike of justice apd of an enlighiened whuse The Greatea by the } lestons should sot be lest. eourse of the argumen's act auasD) exist, whesber At the lest seamen of Cougrees, the Bouse of Representatives, having for their objsct verious modifications, whieh I veuture te hove wid be made ip our postal laws at an day. measures therein proposed bave ibe de; ment in special communications to the Post Offi Committee of the House, i deom it proper here to refer to them and to recapitalase briefly some of the rea tee monopoly to exist om the sons gudm'tted tm support of their passage. yada, of the foun , wil equally apply fo that {it is to a, uniform rae of, tive cents for }) io five cents when forwarded, as re- Seppaiie 20 oot to bo mistaken by ihe evaris, quired by existing laws, The fees to the captsias veing the provisions of the act of March 2, , © | two centr, the ent will receive the wiform raic aul Poutes estabi/abed in the cities umder the authori. | of three cents as its share of the postage, WY Of the statute of March 3, 1851. ‘To guard ageinet lone to the postal revenue from tho ‘No objection, on the score either of policy or principle, | trazsmirsion of mail matter outside of the mais by ean be successfully arged ayeinst ihe steamehips runpipg on mail lines, {1 6 recommended thas private expresecs the ordinary rate , With two conta added (the and packets ‘a fee), be charged on all lettters so carried, in una the #tead of the ship lester rate Miaistrations Upon all letters to foreign countries with which we deilvery = of bave no Feaidenes of the \s consi the trapeportati ten cents, eas Post Uffices in the oountry| cenis, socordipg 10 distance, It often di t, par- an only bo tioularly for popsmasters in the interior, to determine the rights and distance letters are to be transmitted, and this leads to fm alithe Suse tes . Draacbes pi ipordy 3 and cowpisint. In some instances insuffi are well Knewn to be heavy burdens upoa the depart. Peay yr adelrwr ign Are hgnednsany has to be returned ment; and they would be insupportably oppressive were | for ent, while is ethers too mach is collected. 18 not for ibe relief atforded by otber branches which Much eater pert of thie correspondence comes yt ey Me p’ permit r re in newspapers and periodicals to receive by mat! euch ‘quantitiee of eltber as they may require, and to pay the postage on receipt, at the arme rates as regular subsoribera to such pudiica- tions, Tho ebject and propriety of this will be readily ‘are now four dally deliveries of letters and ta by earriors in the olty of New York, four ia delpbia and ‘Abree in Boston; and tbe, number wil Jon and ‘ence wil sannty 1h the nan itape, eoerevt Mthographs, BY ¥ a ‘ps, epgra' . or ie te, price of labor, however, and the low of our post | on rollers or = "paper ‘overs, — forbid the bope that, without some chaage im the | letter envelopes, and books, bound or unbound, {i @xiativg laws, the system can ever attain the perfection | ‘s recommended shall be allowed to be scut fu the mail cbarged with postage by the weight of the package, not to exoeed four pounds, at eue out an ounce, to any in the United States under fifteen bundred miles, and two cents an ounce over fifteen hun- to encounter. intreduction of every new system, | dred miles. It is proposed, also, to apply the same rate while seeking the advancement of the pubile , can | to cards, blank or pripied, when pat up in packages of ai rarely svoid the invasion of looal and petiy in | least eight ounces, and of seeds or cuttings, in packages teresis, which provokes hostility that too often dude its | vot exceeding eight ounces in weight. Many of the above — im deceptive critic! and unscru; enumerated articles are no: rely withheld from tho jon, When to gach an iy ition | mails, owing to their being subject to letter postage, and be ces is tempted to lend its influence undue | by reducing the rete upon them, a much desired accom. Sepectance ia given to the slightest irregularities | modatiou will be secured to the public and the revenucs tbat may coour. sey effort possible with the | of the department tocreased. fends unier the coutrol of the department has been Under the act of 1858, the domestic rate of postage for made to improve the efficiency of the carrier system; and | letters is three conte under three thousand miles, while defects have existed, and still exist, |t is believed | and ten cents when the distance exceeds throe thousand hat tbe result nas satisfied public expectation. and has | miles. Tho intention of thie limitation was to secure Rome ceoteasl to the vigilant and faithful officers who | the bigber rate upon all letters tranamittd to and from ‘end pe wo this trem ‘the Post Office at Ne ead epee end waggee' ‘tke most careful consideration of Congress, rate cents the single letter. i H E H . i BE five years, but with results, I regret to add, which have Drop letters, like all other domestic letters, it is ad- disappointed the expectations that led to the adop:ion of | vised should be subject to the same rule of compulsory this novel feature in our ey ‘ether re- | prepayment by postage stamps. garded as a precaution for jon of the imtoreata "SSOELLANBOUS. of this class of correspondents, or as an wstramentality The ground now occupied bythe Post Office in New fer tho en of predations spon the maiis, | York bas been bought ama site for a new and enlarged me law proved a failure. The government | edifice, whi.b in ite dimensions aod arrangements shall gasemes mo responsibility whatever for the loss | be commensurate with the wants of theservice. The price @f letiera or packets thus registered, and as they | agreed to be paid is $200.000, whieh leaves of the fre eonveyed in the same pouebes, are sur. | appropriation a balance of $300,000 for the construc- Founded by no greater mee Ir security, | tion of the building. The title to the property has @ither in traasmission or delivery, tham such as belong | been examined, and determ'ned to be perfect by the the ordinary mails of the country, They bear a mark, | Attorney j, and the assent of the Legislature of Rowever, ind: bands | New York is alone required to consummate the ‘they pass, the! ‘So soon as this shall bave been obtained, a plan will be serves rather to States, nd proposals invited for the erection of the ‘makes it entirely ‘The missioners bave also at tn Jength ‘ocuring & site in every way desirable for the new Post fice, which, for a series Years, it has been in eon- denies Sine in the city of Philadelphia. The cost of property, however, has so far exbausted the ap- jatios that there remains an Dalacce of at $168,107 29. This sum will probabl insufficient fer the erection of the c@ifice, which shonld, tp its style, a with the arobitecture of the city, ‘a8, in its proportions, it be equal to the . and futore exigencies of the posal admin! The architect of the govermmest is now en; jm «the preparation ef plaos for such a build fog, snd should his estimate of tts cost exceed Abe’ balarce of the appropriation remaiging upexpended, tt i@ recommended the de ficlevoy be supplied, and eagncity of private inte: pees Se showing the of letters for the years, makes it clesr that the publie are fast lor- confidence with which the registry system was that the sqorenes be authorized to proceed as once with the wor Although fiscal year ended 20th June last embrare i one of periods, reourring quadrepnially, during which there !# an unusual demand for mai! bags, in oon- Sequence of the vastly increased amount of printed matter trauemitied through tbe mails, there was a reduction of twenty five per cert in the expense of all the mail bags purebased aod repaired for the service during thas ) car, Compwed with the year-next preceding. The k.ched bage of ali Binds (used fur tbe transmission purchared and put ito service during the fa ed 80th J last number 5 700, and cont 910,888 17, or 30 210 per cent less than for the year 1867, This exhibits a falling off in the aumver of letters ad packets registered to the amount of 216 760; and yet @uripg the brief period in which this deci: the genera! correspoadence revenues of the service joast and Uf per cent, This cond: ion of thicgs can oaly find an explavation in the fact that correspondents have Deoome comyinved that tp reg's- their valuable letters have boen but holding 8 $36, ‘ght fer the ing his way or fecks (ured for the transportation of print. embarraseing him in the commission is Crime. I. | ed matter) purchased aad put into service during ibe fe- ily ooneur. cap scarcely be donbied that some plan could be do. connection with the existing postal servic», id neoure the conveyance of al] valuables oom- the mails under satisfactory onl year ended 80th June jast number 22,900, and cost $21,996, Being avout three per cen! more ‘n camber and ‘twenty-four per cent more im cost than such as were pur. chased and put into service during the preceding year under @ prior contract and of an ipferlor quality. The mail Dags of all Kinds purchased dering the fecal year tees for of the government, but whether the public would ended 90ih June last number, it to the increased of portage which the ad | im the aggregate, 28,600, aud cost $07 300 99; istration of such s system would involve, may well boing seven ‘per cent less in muuber and thirty. one per ori The subject saan ry ot eens pa teny ped as wore ye pet Congress as one of mi importance, ac into service during the preceding year, whica «pian as has been ated be devised and | wes $54,401 75. carried into execution, not the least of ite a4 ‘The repairs of srail during the fiscal year ended Would be the withdrawal of treagure from the | 80tb of June last, cost $12,203 04, or about Ave per cent mails of the country. The temptation to whic | more than during the precedirg year. pesta) of ials pnd ke mg hyd BO longer exir:, beng po! aie Se ars of =i bagr, of every description yeaa eo \ s0ch of June feat 508 08, or $16,552 51 jeas than tne expenditure for the same objects during tue Preceding year. The sum ($56 710 39) stated in another place as ar 6 year, pay- | for mall 4 Jest flecal \acludes ‘ments to the amount of $7,117 38 made for mai) bags pur- chased and im service daring the preseding year the ‘surety aamed, and forwarded the bon) Sitks: department wribocs apprising {t of the existence A pe Sor that to ennoe Qin—To the Beorela-y of the Interior, the supervision quarter, ‘tmformal or Ineomplete. Soe Trand attempted to be precned OY thin on @f these branches of public service which pertain to the qvaimen' was 6 pretude to the em! oy 4 ‘wtornal polity of the government was committed by the Which followed, it indeed 1 was not s7murmatic preps | act of Congress approved March 8, 1849, The period of Ee eee Ee iF -y-44—3 panasonic tsi ass Ham mayor ny th 4 ‘Bot com mun icated government, - | sreoréinary enterprise among our people, devel. po eg LN] 7 ye Led ihe of the ; and the pubiie service, In that event !t will be for | this department, in the extent, variety and dignity of ite mine whether sme further legislaii~s | functions, and the number and juriedietion of {i officers, rity the announcement of 0 extraordinary & has necessarily experienced a corresponding progress, Proposition murt neorssarily compromiae. ciate eer edhependansecoaone a ments. Its operations inveive the interests of many ‘experience dicated the pe 4 noe ae lovey mine, ana cu ‘gens in all the States and Territories, and devolve great wore) omonted bat in detail im the lestanpual re | isbor upon its chief officer. LS. far from impairing, they have grostly Incroas*! | Ga4 of the most important and widely spread branches (Motnay of the servion, while they ably elevated and parifed' it moral tone. whieh tbey announce? m dollewed to have of the department ia that of the public lands. For de- tailed information ia reference to the same, | have the bower to refer to the accompasyivg angual report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, [See report in another columa of this morning's Bamaip.) | invite your attention to {ta contents with con idence; and, in ‘view of the amount of work done, the diMsulty and mag- situde of the questions decided, and the sumber ef our People who obiain through it the titles to their estates, I feoh asauced that you wil) be gratified to observe the marked Guelity and efficiency with which the duties of thie bureen bave been disoharged. Durty tho Seca! your oni Jane 30, 1860, and the yuar ter ending the 30th of Septem ber last, 16 386 36) acres of prblic tands have beam proclaimed for eale, During Aue same period, 0 649 471 sores have besa surveyed and the suppor Of the del’herse jndgment of the cowntry, and is pot eafroement may Woe leat valued becaaee have given offence to Ditiee would use the rev be an inetroment for paltes 3 wore mer! aboald be admie erste ning theory ow quaducied for forty from thie priscivle ie devs }08 prmetionl WD se whee ch it wae orpaw wet and faltnfall ve youre. and thai erery topartor > ta tondencim, ah» per abou om Af tbe which, however, wh) be spon the new router Or per Late have been sold for cash, yleldin g $2,021,426 97; 3,879,060 acres have bees absorbed by the location of bounty land warrants; 2,087,770.92 acres approved to States ander Ube ewamp granis, and 2,665,620 acres under the railroad granite. The amber of military bounty land wasraate outetanding on the 80th of Beptember last was 74,468, and they will require 9,196,680 acres of the public domain to eatiefy them. ony — cent Toa: p omtpapeae facaging system, and _* Shier ees path teeta Ks restore Suit ry sat | Sac icpee, at Oe ue ae Fe Ee ad bata NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, public sale, the unsold Jands become subject to pri «Bry, and the settler on suck tracts is allowed bwel' months w \thim which to make and payment for the fixed bis home, When jands have beow subject to private entry for more than tem years, the price to actual settiers apd cultivators ‘is reduced, from time to time, until after the expiration of thirty years, is is only weve and « half cea per acre Tho Vonatloa—impre erly termed bemestead policy—based the faliacy That's reeidence en's trach of land for a certain’ number of years abail, instead of » faxed price, be made the cen: aideraton which shall catitie the settler to the land he ccouples, bas been tried, and, as stated ip my ports of 1858 and 1869, bas everywhere fated @nd met with public condemnation. It was annoying the settler, productive of controversies, and injurious ‘the communities in which the donations were made. ‘procia: portions of ordered, These requesis could pot be acoeded to without interrupting ibe bay monious operation of the laws oonsti- tutirg our land system, which requires the public lands to be brought into market from time to time, tp pro- portion a6 surveyed lands are disposed of and other lands surveyed. As there has not been any considerable oom- Petition or cash demand for new lands during the past year, the rettlers on the tan is brought into market, who were uneb.e, som particular misiortunes, to make - ment before the day of sale, geverally been blo to file decioralory statements after the ay of sale, and thus avail themecives of the twelve months’ credit secured ey law to pre-emptors of landefeubject to private entry, It is believed, therefore, that setters have suffered no se- rious bardebips. Owing to tho elight demand for ‘ands a8 an investment, the cash reevipts from the public sales bave’ been jnoopaiderable, when compared with the quantity of land odered. Experience bas Cemonastrated the wisdom snd pro Pricty of the reeommendations contained {no my last an Bual report: first, tbat, in @ spirit of liberality to all seitiers. upon oncflered lands, two years should be aliowed from the date of settlement within which to make and payment; and, second, that it should be made incumbent upon the executive to offer at public sale, by proclamation, within two years after survey, al ‘the lands that have not been claimed by settlers. ‘The income from the publie lands during the four years pact bas nos been so great as was expected. The ocom- ‘mercial revulsion of 1857, followed as it was by short crops in most of the new States and Territories, checked ‘em!gration, and also the inciieation of capitalists to maxe fursoer investments, But this is not the sole cause of the ction im this revenue. The manner of disposing of Public lands bas been made @ topic of political cussion; and, whilet some emigarnt families have jade se itiements and delayed giving tne proper notice, or making apy payments, in We expectation of a dona- ‘lop, Other persons, who are coptemplatipg emigration, bave deferred their removal from heir old homes and the urchage of lands for settiemen|, awaiting some deGnite ‘aiat op upon the subject. Should she discussion of aiverations in our land system cease, it is believed that the revenue derived from sales would @ ly rise tos Tearorebie annual a }, egpecially if the quantity of uplocated land warrants outstanding should continue to Giminisb from year to year as for three years ‘A controversy was pending in this department for mary years, in relation to tbe title to the lands at the Hot Springs, tn the State of Arkansas. The act of Con- gress of ‘the 20th April, 1832, entitled“ An Act aotborizing the Governor of the ‘Territory of Arkansas to lease tho Salt Springs in sald sory, and for other _ pur; ,? provides, tection 3; “that the Hot Springs, in said ‘Terri:ory, to. getber with four sections of Innd, including eald springs, ‘as pear the centre thereof as may be, shail be reseryoa for the future @isposs! of ars aot shall not be em sored, located oF appropr for any other purpose whatever. Several claims to a portion ef the land so reserved were aflerwards presentei to the officers of the Land Depart ment, on bebalf of individuals, which, after ‘care ul examination, were all ré; b Secretary Stuart, made October 10, 1881, had been reserved by the act of Con, aad the ae Bereto rane ou Congress wight resnty revise, Notwithstanding this decision, be allowed special entry of tne quarter section, including ‘the tprings, to be mace, for a special purpose, in Decem- der, 1861. ‘The claims of all contestants for this quarter fection were submiited to the late Attorney General ic 1854, who was of the opinion that the act of Congress bad reserved the land and forbidden its sale er locasion, and myetiecpey- predecessor seems to have concurred. In April last the application of the parties who were al lowed the entry of Deo. 19, 1861, for @ patent thereon, wes submitted to me, and alter @ deliberate view of the case I decided that the entry was illegal, and directed ‘bat It be cancelled. L know of no reagon why the title to the lands at ibe Hot Springs should be reserved sn, perpetuity, ‘and there- fore recommend tbat the disposal of the jour sections re- served be provided for by appropriate leg isiation By an act of Congress, a} August 8, 1846, a Grant of lands was made to the State of lows for she im ovement of the navigation of the Des Moines river, From it mouth to the Racceos Fork. ‘This grant, for more than two yeart, was regarded on ali bands as con fived to the line of the improvemest, and limited to the lauds along the river and below the Raccoon Fork; and thie view matter bas been maintained by the De partment of the Interior and by the General Lad Ofice o quantity of lena thus admitted to be within the grant was found to be 822 302 acres, and was long since haste Wo the Mate. Secretary Stuart, however, caused some of the lands along the fiver’ and above the Raccoon Fork to be and certified as part of the grant, and a list was also approved by Secretary McClel ‘aud, before bis atention was called to the questiocs of law imyotved ip a claim which bad been presen ied on bebalf of the State tp 1849, that the grant exvended wo the headwaters of the Les Moines river, ‘The right of the 8 ate Avgust, 1846, to any Ia wap directly involved ia @ cause which was determined by the Supreme Court of the United states at the Decem ber term, A. D. 1669, smd tbat tribunal therein decided embrace apy such lands, aud thas ‘the |iste and certificates which had tesued from this de ent conveyed no title wo the State, The quaniity of 4 embra im the liste of this kind is 911,672 nares, and, with of some sixty or seventy thousand scr the game tracts bave also been claimed by the of ene i, Sor gape gh pnt] 88 , Approve , 1866, a8 thereby wade, 0 aid in the ccatrenton cortain ratl- roeds. Having recommended to the Jommittee of Public Lands of tho Sepate, tn June )ast, a relinquishment to the State of ail tile remaining iv the United Mates to the usly listed and certified an. i a Hi | | i i g i i i ! fr i Ul ! H A f : Hi df te 4 i f it H fi ti Py i q i i: = H a" ll ie I i d i f fe Eaee i Hl | Ht r us i g & = Cy Te 4 By Hh a | : i i ie | H HE L 3 if z i § ' i He j : § 4 & i i E I I di P| i t Py a E i H i i i i Fes f t i ies 1 i i t i i al i E t E E E i ij F t i 3 53 # & & i : EE _£_E DECEMBER 5, 1860.—TRIPLE SHEET. mot al the old Bound Agricuiture! Com @ome American eitixene, enccr eur former deation and prese: oie ‘She region that bas been ci ver. It ip due to the people of Washington Territory that some decisive action should be taken. | am uot advised that #>y portion of the tracts ealmed are of any public or political importance to the Uniied Sater, and | recom. mend that the Surveyor General of Washiugton Terri- ‘ory, under the supervision of this department, be au- thor zed by special ote the validity of the alaims of the Puget's Sound Agricultural Oompany, and, if they are entitica to confirmation, to determine the locaticn and Doundaries of the ‘farms’ and ‘*}ands”” tha} belonged to the company, which should be required, be ® given period, Ww present ite claime for fas Detailed informatica, arrataa. formation ip regard to the operations of the Indian Office during the ual year, and ite: erent eond!- Hon of the various tribes Of Indians withi our limite, will be found ip the report of the Commissioner, with the accompanying dooumenis, ‘s herewith’ su ted. [See report im another column of this morning's Tn reviewing the resu)is of the by the government of the United States towar. a toe tndlan Tribes within their limits, it should be borne in mind that, while the same general relation exists between the United States and all the tribes, that relation has been modified iw respect to many of them by treaty stipulations and acts of these modifications vary in each care, and often im espemtial particulars, the subject becomes complicascd, and the diffoulty ef subjecting the Indians to @ unifor [ae greatly increased. ‘ith the wild tribes in the heart of the comtwent, in Arizoue and in Califorvia, constituting, bly, the majority, we have no treaties whatever, Wiih respeot to policy, then, it is obvious that the Indians must be divided into two classes—tbose with whom we have treatics. and those with whom we are clearly bo: be the case of the latter the governmen' such @ policy as circumstances may render expedient, wubcrdipa’, of course, to those general principles which have been declared in the statutes and sanctioned by the pe bra ) ity Ind: Again, the treaty or annuity Indians bo arranged jm bwo divisions, With one we have Seanien of amity, and we pay them annuities, either in money, goods or provisions, pad srg st do three, for @ opger or shorter period, but without recognizing ‘their titie to any par- Heular troct of couatry. We not only pay annuities to the otber, but we reecguise their title to particular tractefof country, described by motes and bounds, and guarantee them undisturbed possession [to ibe sewe for- ever. This latter class, again, muet be subiivided imto thoge who hola sbelr lsnds in common, whether in fee or by the urual Indian title, and those w! lands are held im severaity by the individual members of the tribe. There is yet afurtber distinction to be made between those cases where the several reservations are in 8 eom pact body, surrounded by & well-defined exterior boundary, constituting them a tribal reservation, over which the intercourse laws can be enforced, and those in which the individual reservations are scattered among the white settlements, and subjected to the operations of the laws of the State or Territory in which they are situated. Our intercourse with those tribes with whom we have bo treatics, except those im Califoraia, Utsh and New Mexico, who are under the control of agente, is limited to impressing upon them the necessity of’ matniaining friendly relations with the whites, and them ‘that acts af violence and rapine wili be sure to draw upon them severe chastisement. This intercourse is had mainly throvgb the medium of officers of the army, stationed on the remote frontier, or engeged in exploring and survey {og expeditions. With the exception of the Navajos ant ‘Snakes, these Indians haye beeu at poace with us during also prevailed among the treaty Indians, with one conapienrse exception. ! re‘er to the Kioways, whore increasing turbulence would seem to render mil! operations adviesble. The same may be said of the rea and Cut-Head bands of Sioux. om the Nisqually lands in common, and those who bold tm severaity, but whe se reeervations ase scattered about among the white fettiements, have made and are making litle or no progress. There are of course exceptions, but they are few in number, and result from fortuitous ciroumstacces. Experience has satisfied me that two conditions are indispensable to the suocers of any pelicy, Frege bog herd the mere immediate and re. re Nef of Indians. If it is designed to ¢! radioa! change ia their babiteand modes of life, and estad!ish for them a permacent civilization, the ideas of separate, or rather private and isolation, mast form the ba is alike of our diplomacy ard our legislation. Private property im the soi! and ite products stimulates industry by Neeing the undisturbed enjoyment ef ite frvite, and isolation is ap effectual protection agaiast the competition, the cunning, and the ing infu exces of the whiteman This is not mere theory, it has the sanction ef sucessful application in practice; and notable examples may be clted—those of tho W aod Bivecton, and Wahpeton Sioux, reclaimed in an inwedi bly abort time by this policy, from the idleness, drunken. meen and jon for which they were conspicuous, And it is no valid objection to the foros of the illustration ‘wo say that the same results have been ‘the Choctaws, Obickasaws and Cherokex thelr lands as tenants in common. The tenure In common ja Dot nominal with theve tribes, every member of them is protected in the undisturbed possession of the home be bas made for bimself in the common domain, and bie right of property im bis feids and the crops he raises on them are as pacrodly respected as if he held them in fee and \n ‘everaliiy. Nowbere are the intercourse laws 90 rigialy enforced as amovg these tribes, and it is to ‘this ard the practical recognition of the right of private property im the toil aad Ws producta that the great pros perity of sbeee tribes is doe. lam sirengthered, then, mm the conviction ved in my lat avnoal report, wbat the only plan t holds out any hope for the de- cay ibg aboriginal races, ie to confine them vo small tribal retervations, baving well-defined exterior boundaries, to that the int roourse lawe can be enlorced thereon, and de these reservations {nto farms of moder ste di- menaions, o be beld in severa ty by the jadividaa! mem bers of the tribe, with all the rights incident to an estate ple, ‘that of allevation. Annuities should pot tora ith ‘Dut in goods, provisione, agricul- Sina authority should b ce to the ede, and ity bie to diecriminate ww their distribatio iweea the industrious and the idle, the orderly and th Ubriftiess. These ideas form the baste of ali lod ian treatica which bave been dur! jour adminis. they #1 eetadlished bas proved an entire failure. defective. To promise for It any success, one of two must be introduced. Either the overseer g i inf : f if Fed ff i i E fi a | | 53 z ! i if : H| i 4 l { ut =, é 7 f E I fF E ffszi i i il uly Fe ! t | i i i E iF E Fu i F i i 8 Vo ite takiog effcct; such assent, and preventing any fuiure contics boundaries of Kanses should be ¢) i 4 i il i 5 " i} of Red ‘lake and "Ked river. To carry out the wishes of | sons of color, delivered from on beurd vessels scised im Covgress, the Arrapahoes and Ohfoennce were noted to Assemble as Fort Bent (now Fort Wwe) sad 0 Commirsioner of Indian Aifaire was iastract- ed t© meet them there, the oes =met the Commissioner,but only twe or three ebiefs of the Cheyen- nes were al be present at the appoisted time, Tho Topos tio: nt were submited to them | onc}}, and the Indians were eatietied to scorpt them. | as the representatives of the (beyennes id not feel | authorized to sign & treaty, the Commissioarr was com- pelled 10 roturs without completing his work. The | negotiation was left im such & condition as to hold out | the expectation that a treaty will be concluded at an | early day. | The Superintendent of Indian affairs for the Northern wuperintendency and an experienced officer of this de partment were appointed Commissioners to negotiate witb ibe Cbippewes of Hed Lake and Red river. Here, | again, the negotiations were impeded by the absence of ove of the bands, whose sasent was ed essential by the Indians themselves, The delegates from the Red lake bard demanded = most cxtravagant | price for their land, aud maintained their demand ‘with eo much pereistance, that the Commissi uers deem. ed it Impossible to conclude s treaty, at that time, upon lerms accepiab.e to tho department, and 90 broke up the conference. lepartment was influenced tn the terms | not exceeding one year from the {be propecution of the slave trade by commanders of tho | United States armed vessels,” and, also, to the act at vensels, | dupe 16, 1866, which aurborives ihe President 0 enter socle'y & ree -tve from toto & contract with aay person the agents of uke United Pratos OF persons of ovior delivered f im the proseontion of the the anid negroes, mulait san, comfortabie cloth'ng, mhewcr an thelr being the last epring, three ravers, ‘ Ficasat eek coitaree catern baring ou oard ey Went, These Africans were co\vored vo the United Biates Marsbal of the Southern Dimirict of Florida, who furnished them with suitable ruppie and provided comfortable quarter® for weir cecupanoy. With the leest possible delay comtracte Were eutored into with the American Colonization Syciety for the transportation Of these negroes to Liberia, and for their suppor: tor one on the coast uf Africa.” Daertg | year from the date of thetr being landed on Lhe coam of Africa. The said society contracted to furnish veasels of the beet class, to be fitted, equi \d provisioned io accordance with the requirements of the act of Congress entitled Am aot to regulate the carriage of gern im steamsb!ps and other vessels,” approved March 3. 1360, Good clothing, food, medicines and medical attendance it offered by the fect that the Senate had rejected a treaty orgotiated in 1861, by tue Hon. Alexander Rameay, thea Governor of Minnesota and ex cflicio superintendent, by | whieh the Indians agreed to sell the most valuable por- tion of thetr country, including the valley of tho Red river of the North, for the sum of $230000. lt was, | therefore, deemed necessary to demand » larger cession for that sum, while the amploet reservations were con templated for Indian cocapansy. Tne Indians have since expressed regret for their oomduct, and asked to be per- mitted to visit Washington to conclude s treaty, Permais. sion bas becn given therm, and !t is expected that a treaty Will be aborily con sluded. Tn the administration ef our Indian affairs the ald of | the military arm of the government ‘s often indisponna- bie, and at aj! times @ cordial co operation and friendly upderstand!ng between the lodian agents and the officers: of tho army are required for the succces of this service. Tam of the opinion, therefore, that the supervision of | ‘the Indian Bureau might be retransferred to the War De partment with great propriety and advantage. If all tho officers of the government were brought tm contac. with the Indians, aud wore intrusted with their business, were r the immediate erder aod control of one do- part it tbey Would necessarily feel & more direct re- sponp!bility, Which would certainly secure greater ef- ficiency. | PENSIONS. I refer you to the report of the Commissioner of en- sions for information in respect to the operations of the Pension Bureau for the past year. pole number of pecsioners of all classee pew re- | m the rolis in 11.284, and the sum required to pay pensions is $101,018 95. Dering the past year the amount thus expended was 61,103,662 08 Although there sppears to have been but aw alight diminution in the work of the office, yet such ts Uo condition of the business that it will admit ofacom siderable reeuction of the clerieal force during the next | ear, and, conrequently, the cetimates now submitted | for this branoh of the service have been reduced by the sum of $28,200. The energetic measures which have been adopted for | the yn hon of pension and bounty land frauds upon the pment baye been atiewded with very favorable resulis, a3 ‘weolkarly indicated by the decroate in the number of prosecutions for offences of this character. PATENT OFFIC. The increano of businces in the Patent Office, and the magnitude of ‘ts operations, give additional force to the re mmendations heretofore made for a reorganization of work devolved u the ox- mous, ard it ts difficult refterated appeals in Shis benaif would have been entirely disregarded, bad Cor gress realized the sctua! condition of the businees of the office; and a the office is pelf sustaining. {t is only reasonable that this de- partment should be empowered to graduate the force em- ployed, by the work to be done, provided, always, that the expenditures shall be kept within tbe reoeipis. Itake eccasion to repew the recommendation of pre- vious reports in regard to the anomaly of allowing ap- peals from the Commissioner of Patents to on the three district judges. In addition to tho reaso: | medicines and medical attendance, was | phan Asylom, were to be provided for said Africans om the voyage. The contract for their transportation was performed w' fidelity, Approved veeus, which had been examined by an officer of the navy, st the tstance of this department, well provisioned, aud with ample roou, were provided, ‘twe result is as follows: —1,482 was the number reoeived by the Marshal at Key West; while under his cbarge 294 died, and the survivors, numbering 1,188, were celivcred to the agente of the Oolon)sstion Society, Up the voysze 245 diet, and only 898 were landed on the coast of Af This department ie without defnite information as to the fate of the gur- vivors since thetr arrival in Liberia, ‘The experses {ncurred by the Murvhal tp keeping these Africans for about #ix weeks, including $5,498 60 for $27,060 92. The Cost of tranrportation, exclusive of the sularios of tbo sgenta of the government to supertntend the fulfilment of the contrast, amounted t $56 900, The cost of 5 | Porting ad providing them with clothing for one yea ‘will smount to $99,800, to the event that no fursher mor- ality thall otoar among them, ring the month of August last, three young Africans, found ou hoard the slaver W. ! Kivbey, were beouent tuto the port of New York and delivered to the Unived States Marshal for the Sonthero [vntrict of that State. These boys were quick, sprightly and promising. Nu- merous applications were made by citivens \o have them bound ous for s term of years af apprentices, and otnera proposing that iy or id be placed ix the Uolored Or- ip ity of New York; but as the law allowed 10 discretion upow the subject, I caused them to be delivered into the charge of the Colonization Society, for traneportation to Liberia. On the 16tb day of October last this department was ad - vised, vy & communication from the ‘of the Navy, of the setzare of the brigantine siaver “Storm Kiog,”’ with 819 africans, and also of the captureof the tlave ship “Erie,” with’ 897 Africans on board, and of their arrivat at the port of Monrovia. These africans, reduced by deuth to 1 483, were delivered to the agent of the United States for liberated Africans, in a state of per- fect nakedness, who provided them at once with clothing and food. At the time of the landing of these 8 ihe ent of the United States was iuformed by the President Liberia that, unless the government of the United States should pay to the government of Liberia the same Per capita consideration which bad been allowed the Oolo- Rigation Society for their maintenance for twelve months, he could not consent to receive them into his country: ‘The Africana were landed, however, and the question waa referred to our government. Upon’ examination It waa found that the law vested no authority ia the President of the United States to coatract with the government of Liberia for the support of these people, aud as the Colon!- zation Society bave a especial treaty or agreemont with that government, allowing thea: to land and maintain im that country recaptured Africans, another contract was entered intd with that society for the support snd clothing of these Africans for one year. To carry out this contract an appropriation of $148,300 will be re- quired during this reision of Covgress. The system established by seesion of Congress, by which th my Sret annual report for an alteration of the particular, it is to be observed that, as each judge acts separately upon the appeal taken, lt becomes very disfl- cult, if not impossible, to maintain uniformity and cer. tainty im the execution of the patent laws. ‘The ineome of the office for we three quarters ending September 80, 1860, was $197,648 40; and itr expendi- ture $169,678 28, showing a surplus of $7,976 17. During this fod five thousan x handred and irty-e'gbt applications for patents bave boon received, and eight hundred and forty.one caveats filled, Three tDousand a)x bundred and twelve applications have been rejected, and three thousand eight hundred and ninety ex patents iseued, including relesues, additional im- ements, and designs. la eddition w this there bave em forty nine applications for extensinvs,and twenty eight patents have been extended for a period of seven years the expiration of their fret term. AGRICULTURE. ‘This js one of the main pillars of the prosperity and power of any couotry, and it asaumes additional import. ance in ours, because of tho extent of our territory, embracing every varicty of soll and climate, the cheap: bees of land, and the facil'ty with which its products can ied to market, The liberal appropriations ‘St its last seasion, Im en ment of people, fa depes usent has labored faithCaly. to tad this depa tment a carry out the penccent instrections of Congress itt gent inquiry bas been made for the best varietion of roeds and cuttings of every wusful plant and vegetable, ‘nd satiefactory arrapgemnenta have besa made for pro- coring them on the best terms, and transporting | ‘Shem \n the safert manner. It is manifest that, when we b received ap adcquate scpply of the different plants seeds adapted to our var' tol! and climate, and Dave develo our agricultural resources, by the judi- cious application of the results of ecientiie investiga. | tows, the United States must become the graaarywf the wor! MONTH CRETE. The genera) interest feit 4 this Lt yn Ln ite details, bave been propery, ‘appreciated by this de partment, and !t is boped the energy and care with which it has been conducted will insure be tranepor' wade by Co thie most in ae- cordance with blic re in ne mavens we detributed in time to cable the United States Marshals Ww past, apd the census has been compie- ted ip all tho States and Territories, with the exception surance of ihe superintendent of Hy re enable me, during the 2} vessels of the United States ar: begroes found um board captu Africa, is regarded az both proper aod e-onomical, In orcer to carry out the policy of the government for suppressing the African slave trade, there is 20 reason or Becersity for treating these unfortur ste Africans, when Drought within our jartediction, with eruolty ard inho- manity, by the operation of s system which Untalls a beay: *pgpse upon thi government. Exfeedioies wey are by a voyage tn crowded veesele, and with scant provision, confived withio our forts and barracks, ig ye one sympath\zes with or can under- stand them, with none interested to stedy their wants or te scminister to their pocessities, then oe wd agaic upon another long voyage, It ts not wonderful more than one-third of them die. ‘Alter they aro lauded tm Africa and Kept for twelve months, they are thrown off by the United States to take care of themselves, In this conditim, balf otvilized and half savege, they are much ler capabie of pies ‘thr mee! than If they were aliogether sa: it tho ment of Liberia, moved by # syirit of hnmanity, been compe’ ic Temedy the «(ote of our |aws, by enscting that each recaptured Afrioan, at the ead of twelve months, shall be dound to service for a term of feven years to Mt bim for the dutice of citizenship. Our system is productive of com tigated cruelty to there unfortunate beings; but owing to the pre judice and distrust of our people, it is diMoult to sug gest @ change which would be nooeptable to all Any Change, however, would be an improvement upon the ti and so*tly system. The marebaia into whose hands there Afrieans havo een delivered Dave performed @ most arduous and dire Freesble duty with great ¢Meteucy and fdeilty, ut the Ww allows them no ccmpevention whatever for their ser vices, This i unjust, and I hope that Congress will net hesitate to remedy this defect {n the law, aud will antho rize this department to make such payments ag may bo Commensurate with the services rendered. To provice @ reasonable allowavoe therefor, and to meet the neocenary expe nees arising from tbe prosecution of persous charged with violating the laws for tho sup- pression of the African siave trade, and also to enable tho government to pay the amount’ vow due on account bounty provided for by the act of March 3. 1819 $46 for each negro, muiatio or person of colo hiverea to tbe United dtates Marshal, or the agent’ ap- Pinted tc receive recaptured Africans—an appropriation of $76,000 will be required at the preseus session of Oov- gress. of thi bein, DIETRICT OF COLT MRA In my annual reports for 1558 aud 1859, allusion wae made to the fact that the courtitution invests Ooegress With exclusive legislative coutrol over the District of Colombia, yet the people of the distric: have no volvo ip eboosirg & delegate or member to participate in ite coun- cls, The absence of any direst responsibility on ine part of the legislative body, coustisates the basis of ap- to ite sevee of jostioe pe nna nn in thetr 4 his present force, he will proaching seeston Of Oongrees p- | to present an exbibit of and commerce. Co }, the departments and tbe comma ity are without any geners) rrliadie resoars for the secertainment of our interns! trade and the samex) | pri dections of agriculture, manofectorer sod mace It wold be a wise coomomy to ceteniich an agency whick ‘would secure the desired information tp the moet sctben JUDIGART Some changes (n the laws are reqrind tormsbio this department to secure upiformity nnd to enforoe exiting i ? ip a i ii Fy ir ie eh P oi 333 i f 3 F ry i He 7 F uit i 5 & The only ‘of discretion ‘urgent and pressing as the be nrceswery for ite male &: ‘The recommendations made gerd to legiviniion for the Dutrict of reepeccfully rewewed. The p ley AcOptes ANG Carried OU, WoWd denier y rot ry de jams to therefor, Lbave the booor to refer theanneset taport of the Commie coer d And careful mans dae been €y icon waile of this branes of tervice during (be part 5 ear the ‘The iv teweeth g report of the Huper miendent of the Go. vernmeot Hoyital lor ue aba the wiee . ae! on, The buildings are all nearly oom pirted Lave been contre ted to a substantial BREF, and the cowl has in ho One® exoTeded location is beactifal and eem- il : ey eee Toneert meen ees al a rae ara, nf momar ters eet a Sees