The New York Herald Newspaper, November 15, 1860, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. WHOLE NO. 8834. MORNING EDITION—-THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1860. PRICE TWO CENTSs. THE SOUTHERN SECESSION MOVEMENT Despatches from Montgomery, Charleston, Angvsta, Nashville, Bichmo.d and Washington. The Excitement Spreading Through- out the South. eppertant Regulation Affecting Northern Sbippers te Charleston, The Message of Governor Brown to the Legislature of Georgia. Federal Relations, Retaliatory State Le- gislation, and the Right of Secession, Rey Reo hee THE DETERMINATION OF SOUTH CAROLINA. Cuantestox, Nov. 14, 1360, ‘The bittorness of feeling against the North seems bourly Woreesing. Bome days ago the Charleston and Savannah booksellers veturned Harpers’ monthly and weekly publications, be- emase they were tainted with abolitioniem. Now a gene val movement is contemplated to re urn all Northern beoks, except from publishers known to be sound. ‘The popular feeling runs ahead of legislative action. All Yankees are viewed with suspicion. Some foreign consuls here are ouly waiting s formal separation to open favorable negotiations with the State, Tt ta understood they have already fall authority to do thie. Mayor Macbeth to day notified the agents of the North- qm steamship lines that he would not henceforth permit the leading of steerage passengers unless the steamsbip companies guarantee to maintain them in case they be- ome vagrants, The agents here have accordingly tele graphed North to refuse such passengers. This move- ment is an execution of an ordinance hitherto dead Ietter, but now revived because It is feared that in the midst of anticipated destitution next winter at the North erowds of paupers will flood tne Southern cities. 5 Minute {Men organizations are|spreading fast, and pal- metto branches are swinging in the stroeta in all direc- tons. Place no confidence im rumors that the secession foel- tng ‘ subsiding. It ison the increase, and is hourly growing stronger. Over nine-tenths of the people are veady for immo iate secession. South Carolina will not be tn the Union after the 1st of danvary next. If the Convention which meets on the ‘2b of December should prolong their action any unrea- fovable time, the people will take tho matter in their wn hands and secede from the Union. You can rely wpon this as a fixed fact, ‘The Mercury, in referring to @ despatch in @ Philadel- pia psper about taking Fort Moultrie, says it 1s totally ‘wnfounded, and unless Northern journals send out more reliable correspondents they must expect to suffer in their pockets as well ag havo their fears excited by un. Jutt apprebensions. CONDUCT OF SHIPMASTERS AT CHARLESTON Pumapguema, Nov. 14, 1860. ‘The reported conduct of the captain of the steamer Heyetone State, at Charleston, was much exaggerated. ‘Be did not haul down the American and hoist the Pal- metto flag, but merely salated the Carolina flag by dip ping his colors. Bostrom, Nov, 14, 1860. ‘The steamer South Carolina arrived today from (Qywieston. Capt. Baxter pronounced the report that te cargo was taken from tho ship a hoax, and that the Dasiness and social experience of his late visit to Charice. ‘tem was entirely satisfactory. CLEARANCES AT THE PORT OF CHARLES- TON. Cuarumeton, Nov. 13, 1560. To Hos. A. Scam, Collector, York:— i te reported that clearances are refazed at this offloe. Grtradict it. The business of the office goes on as eral. WM. F. COLOOCK, Collector, 4 YANKEE SCHOOL TEACHER EXPELLED FROM SOUTH CAROLINA. Bosrox, Nov. 14, 1360. ‘Wm. 0. Wood, & graduate of Harvard College, has ar- Yived here in the steamer South Carolina from Charleston. Be was civilly requested to leave the State, and bis pas mage to this port paid. Mr. Wood was tn South Carolina to foil an engagement as a scliool teacher ia the Boone- ‘Ville district. THE ACTION OF ALABAMA. Moxtoomenr, Nov. 14, 1960, ‘The Governor of Alabama wil! publish his letter on Boredsy. H's prociama:ion ca’ling the State Convention fngether will appear on the Tth of December. The Oon- vention wi!! mect on the first Monday in January. ‘The Governor's letter i# similar to that of Governor Gist, of South Carolina. He is opposed to waiting for ether Southern States to act, and recommends immediate feoeesion. The letter is written to satisfy the people, who are tired of delay, and !mpatient for secession. ‘The Ucion mon of the State will make war upon the fetter, on the ground that it is unwise for Alabama to peoede alone; bat the disunion clement ie largely in the wajority, and 1s increasing in rtrength. Jeremiah Clemens, fermeriy Senator from this S:ate, and lately of Memphis, ‘will be a Union candidate for the Convention. It is un- derstood that Messrs Cobb and Houston, of Al vbama, wil) favor cooperation, Mossrs. Clay, Fitapstrick, Carry, Gapton, Moore, Stallworth and Pagh will favor imme, Gate 16 esnion. THE BECESSION QUESTION IN GEORGIA. Mutaperviuita, Nov. 14, 1860. Apeeehes are nightly mace by Senator Toombs, Hoa. ‘Thomas R Lod» and others in favor of secession. Mesere Siepbens, Johnson and olbers oppose sereasion. A bittor feud exists in the Georgia Iagisiature between he fiends of Mr. Iverson and Howell Cobb in relation to Ube Fevatoreh |p. Nowhipg of \oterest has transpired here to day. THE FEELING IN TENNESSEE. Nasmviueg, Nov. 14, 1960. ‘The feeling bere is that Soath Carolina bas been too precipitate. If there is a general movement of the South, Pemncssce will take part in @ Southern Conveatioa, should aqme be called. Governor Harris wi!! probably convene the Lagisiatore. THR SECESSION EXCICEMENT SPREADING IN VIRGINIA, Picestowp, Nov. 14, 1840, ‘There is no truth in the report that Governor Letcher (rete to Governor Wise, on bearing of his active move fmeot in organizing Minate Men, hinting that be (Wise) ‘was vo longer Governor of Virginia, bat that another had eve see ted him who would take care of the public interests of the State. Governor Letcher is not « man who woald epdertako (0 restrain any one, monh less Governor Wine, fa any movement of a strictly legal charactor. The state. tment bears prima facie evidense of ite utter want of foundation ‘The Now Orlears Delia of the Oth inst., which Bere to-day, contains the account of the G@evrnty stand of arma under the Alfred Hounen proprietor of a down, io 3t. Tammany parieb, Loulsiana. Men. The matter is to be #trictly inquires into. ‘The frm of B.A. Dryer & Co , of Now Orieans, dealers ‘> fags and modsilions, returned to New York, s few days ogo, ® consignment of L!nco!n medals shipped from that city, They disdained the idea of dealiog ia suoh articles. ‘The exbibition for sale of portraits of Lincoln, in Bx chango place, New Orleans, on the 9th or 10th tost , a exasperated the people that the exbibitor barely cecaped violent death at their bands. What if Lincoln were to appear in propria persona at the same place? Hoe woula be flayed alive. Cao a Uaion exist when such feslings ‘are entertained against !te chief magistrate clect? Per- bape the best thing that could be done for the Union now would be to send Old Abe on a short pilgrimsge to New Orleans. He would bave no need to prepare bis inaugaral after that. The Prquirer of to-day urgently presses a call for a State Convention. It is perfectly non committal as ro garde secession, but avows its readiness to acquiesce in ‘the decision of @ convention, whether that be for anion or Gisunion. The Examiner ‘s more ultra, and counsels unity of action, while t descants upon the impossibility of the Soath matctaining @ Union in which {ts rights are jeopardized by the elevation to power of a man noto- riously hostile to ite best and most vital interests. The partisan character of Lincolo’s Cabinet, as ora Jeoture constitutes it, is a matter of very general com- ment, The cloven foot of defunct whiggery is sticking out under the broad mantle of biask repubiicanism., ‘This predilection for old assosia. Mons is natural enough, but it gives mot the slight est offence to the South. They do not care a fig how his Cabinet is organized, neither have they the slightest concern how the withdrawal of the Senators and mom- bers of Congress of the seceding States from their repre sentative posts will affect the relative strength of parties in that body. Once separated from the confraternity of ‘States, they will be ia no wise affected by black republi- can agcendancy in Congress. The North may rest easy upon that subject. ‘There is @ very general desire manifested here that some timely mediation would be offered to settle the im- pending diffloulies, and if possible arrest, while there is yet a hope, the politioal and “nancial disasters which most inevitably result from delay. It is said here that im a difficulty between individua’s upon some trifling point of honor, mediators by the dozen would not be wanting, but now tha! the existence of the Union is im- minently at stake, not one seems willing to tecder his kind offices in this regard. The border slave States, ag well as the Northern Union men, whose loyalty to the Soutbern cause gives them considerable iailuence in the South, snd causes their counsels to be resposted, aré criminally remiss in regard to this office of medistion. A commission of fifteen or twenty conservative men from both sections sent to South Carolina and Georgia at this time would effect a great deal of good. If they would not induce an abandonment of the secession movement, they would probably influence those States to defer final action until time would be afforded for a national or Southern copference. Meanwhile, the sober seoond thought might gain an ascendancy, anc the evil day be thus indefinitely postponed, By all means @ commission should imme diately be organized. ‘A gentleman just arrived here, after a tour through the interior of New York and a portion of Now England, eays that Botts’ speech, which was carefully written ow acd prepared by himeel! for the pross, played the devil in the North. As this gentleman remarke—‘It inspired ‘a false necarity, and deluded the people into the idea that ‘no real purpose of disunion was entertained at the South.”” ‘Such an effect was natural, in view of the source whence the assurance emanated. There is much anziety to ascertain the constitution of Lincoln’s Cabinet, A kaowledge of its character, if it was conservative, would very much facilitate any pesce negotiations that may be instituted, Will not Old Abe ealighten the South on this head? A Cabinet obnoxious to the South will materially impede a peaceful solution of tbe existing ¢ifculties, Breckinridgo’s majority in Virginia will probably sot go beyond a thousand or foarteen hundred. A call for a Uaion meeting at Giamorton, signed by the Bon. A. H. H. Stuart, J. P. Baldwin and other prominent men of Augusta county, has beon ismed. Asother call has been issued for @ meeting at Pittsylvania Court House on the 19th instant, to gire expres sion to the sentiment of the county in regard to the necessity of holdiog a Southern conference to recommend a plan of action for all the Southern States. A call for a similar purpose bas also been issued in Amelia county. The proceedings of these mectings will farpish a good index of the popular sentiment of the State. These counties represent both extremes. The Richmond Enquirer urges a State Convention at an early ay, which might settle peaceably the dangerous question. It says it was with a view of concentrating public opinion upgn & convention, as well as to prepare ihe poopie for any anseen emergency, that Governor Wise ‘wavgurated bis Minute Men, and that he contemplated no raid on the federal government, TRE REPORTS FROM WASHINGTON. Wasmrvoton, Nov. 14, 1860. Lettern from different parte of the Confederacy continue to pour tn upon our leading politicians of all partios, as well as the President and heads of departments, showlog ibe deepest concern about the threatened disorders in the cotton States. They speak but one language, from the North, Fest and West, vic , that the hopes and prospects of those sections are intorwoven with the tranquillity of the South, while from those very slaveboiding States which are arming thomselves comes many sn ex- preesion of love for the Uasion and of depreca- tion against secession. Bat with the latter the ‘teve forced opon them by Mr. Lincoin’s election is aot, w their opinion, s question of policy or of political power, bat of peace, of safety, of existence. They con- sider |t as bastealng and provoking scenes of insurrection and mastacre—a proffer to their slaves of freedom at (he expente of their own honor and secarity. True, indeed, many of the letters received here express appre- heneion thai the Svcth may suffer as mach from unakil ful frienés and officlous advisers as from foes. The advices from business men especially show a de jlorabdle siate of things, even in those communities which are loudest for secession, The wealthiest planters and factors are sens!bly alive to the embarrassments and gut ‘erings that most rewull from the announcement that the berhs nowhere will pay for bille drawn aginst cotton un ‘ul their acceptance ia Engtand is heard from. The spirit, towever, which seems to animate the commercial classes: (bere may well make the misanthrope think better of ha- man nature. They are resol ved to act towards each other as brothers, with generous forbearance aod mutual assist snoe in pecuniary aifairs, Yet pressure ana privation sre already apoa those scoustomed to luxary and ease, acd in thore reepecte they have only the beginning of rorrows, unless something ia promptly done to allay the crowing excitement. Thero is also enother class of considerste and high minded men In the South, who, not lees devoted than the extremest secostioniata to their section, yet caanot forget the gratitode they owe to the Northern minorities. fo every prominent politician ia the North, whojhas aig- oified bis regard for Southern righta, the sec vesion of tbe South, if effectual, will be @ political death warrant fundrede of thousands of true men in diferent non- slaveholding Stace will be consigued to martyrdom for the crime of standing by the constitution, the Union aod the equality of the Mater, It is honoravic to the South that tn these fat and pursy times there are magnanimous men who think of what is due to this noble host ia the repubdiicas States, who have battied for their caase against fanatiom and lawlessness. This glorious band still remaine troe, aa the Heraco daily ‘again find ite frieade in places of power and inflaence, ‘The argument in favor of fiehting within the Union = comet f lend, That gallant State the wrongs of her sister States. The victory over Heaniem was bere won on the principles of Buchanan's adniin'stratjon. His whole policy, and foreign, was vigorously canvassed aad and the reauit wae « signal victory over the bined forces of Know Nothings and disaifected dema- gogues. ‘The resignations of the Jadge and District Attorney of ‘These officials acted only from a delicate sense of duty to (bemeelves and the government, and so as todisembarass themselves and the President in case ef any conflict be- tween their juriediction and obligations as officers of the the United States and as citizens of South Carolina. ‘The five thousand stand of arms recently mentioned as having gone South were purchased in Washington by Virginia for the use of that Stats, They were of inferior quality. Tn addition to those already announced, Benjamin R, Bythewood, Collector of Customs at Beaufort, South Oa- rolina, has resigned. Whatever may be alleged to the contrary, your readers may be assured that the President views the crisis with his habitual calmness and composure—that he firmly >e Neves the Union will still be preserved—that he admits neither the constitutional right nor the expedien- cy of secession, and that when the proper time sball arrive for addressing his fellow Citizens of the whole confederacy, he will ‘speak in such a tone and act in such a manner as will jus- ‘tify him im the judgment of all candid and enlightened acd patriotic men, and hand his name to posterity en- vironed with the honors most worthy of an American statesman. AS to the pretended revelations of the Oabi- net proceedings by your cotemporarics, they discredit themselves by their absurdity. A letter from Miestesippi says that if Georgia and Ala- ‘ama go out ahe must follow. The South is now demand- ing that justice which she has solicited in vain. The statement published this morning that a military corps of Charleston had taken possession of the United ‘States Arsenal in that city is not believed. The Secretary of War, up toe late hour thie evening, had recetved no such intelligence. If such was the case the Seorctary would have been advised of it at once. ‘The telegraphic report of Mr. Keitt’s speech at Columbia produced considerable talk and no little excitement in various circles in this city. 1s is amazing how easily the people of this District are excited. However, they havo good reafon to be excited now. A dissolution of the Vaion would effectually destroy this city. The Union sentiment is constantly increasing here. It is believed that the agitation in South Carolina and other Southern States is likely to react upon the slave population injuriously. The fireeaters have been admonished by the Union men that their pro- sent course is tending to atir up slave in- surrections. The more intelligent mulattoes, it is feared, may look upon the secession movement as a” plan for prolonging their term of servitude, which they have been led to suppose, by their masters’ speeches, would come to an end with the election of Lincoln. Many fear that they may become 60 exasperated by the prob- able defeat of anticipated emancipation, through efforts at secession, that they will arise in revenge. All good people shudder at the possibility of such a result. Wasumatos, Nov. 14, 1860. Many of the prevalent reports aad conjectures concern- ing the action of the government are untrue and most of them exaggerated. The course of the administration will afford no just cause for increasing the present excitement either at the South or North, as it will endeavor fairly, firmly and impartially to perform its duty, as eases for its action may arise, always keeping the constitution and the laws in full view. ‘The remark attributed to Representative Keitt, that the President is pledged to secession, has been received here with much astonishment, and his friends do not beliore that be is correctly reported. It is well known that the President bas never maie such a pledge in any public peper, and his most intimate friends have never hoard anything from his lips which would lead to the belief that be entertains apy sentiment which isnot warmly in favor of preserving the constitation in all its integrity. ‘The Peetmaster at Orangeburg, Mr. Keltt’s residence, bas forwarded his resignation, to take effect on the Ist of January, unless, he says, his much abused and best be- loved Stato of South Carolina shall sooner secede, The res'gnaticn bas been accepted, and be Las been requested to derignate a suitable person as his sucsestor, who will give the proper bonds for the discharge of all the daties required by the laws and regulations of the Port OMoe {ovAll toe ofie ft mat be discoutinued as as MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR BROWN TO THE LEGISLATURE OF GEORGIA. EXECUTIVE URPARTMENT, Mruepervitiz, Ga, Nov. 7, 1860. To Tux SeNATR AND Hovse oF REPRESENTATIVES: — our Inst session I received copy of the reso lutiona parsed by the L¢gisiature of that state, at its last Session, on the tubject ot our foderal relations. By refe rence to there resolutions, copice of which are herewith 7 transmitted, it will be seen that that gallant State, im- petgat uncer the wrongs that she, in common with her uthern sisters, has soifered in’ the confederacy, and ready, as eho ever has been, to de’end ber constitational rights, invites al! the siavebolding States to meet in Con- vention, ‘to concert measures for united astion.”” PROPOSED CONVENTION OF BOUTNRRN @TATES. L also transmit copies of the resolutions passed by the | Legislature of Missiesipp!, in reference to the resolations | of South Caroliva, by which {t will be soen that ebe ac cepts the invitation. It is understoot that the Legisia ture of Alabama hss also made provision for ba’ ntocky, Texas, and probab!y other Sout Stater, have declined to ccorpt the invitation. ~ I of these facts, it is evident that the Conven- | ny tion, should it meet, will be composed of delegates from but few of the ‘Southern States, "T voiuk. bat {isle good could be expected to result from it deliberations ualese the Southern States were geueraily represented. I do not therefore recommend the 1" 4 this State. In declining to recommend the ap tment of euch delrgstes, {do not wish to be under- expressing a williogaces to acquiesoe in the ro- peated aggressions of the noa slayebolding States Tn my opinion the constitutional rights of the people of Georgia, and of the other sla been violated fome of the non slavebol ting States to an extent would jastify them, in the judgment of all civilized nations, ta meas S NORTHERN MEN THE TRUE SLATE TRADERS time of the jon of the constitution of the United States the right® of the slaveholter were reoog- nized in all the States, No political ‘that | State ——- in the Convention; while Virginia, Ten- | peesce, wbern appointment of delegates to | woholding States haye | bus tte were all Each entered tional g 4 i | : SE i 2) : é i fi j i i ay i i by # j z z 4 Es iH : i : $ i § E it i EE= H i i i 5 Hi i ‘ i et. iif /] i | EE ne have ent into the compact and formed the Union had Masssshosetts and the other Noribera States refased to give this ex) rf y Not only the plaio usge of the constitation itsslf, Dut the coptemporancous debates aad the early coostrco upon the constitution, of which we have evi- the fact that no law was paseo! by Coogress on the subject for several years aftor the Uuioa was formod, al) show conclusively that we uuders! betwoen the that Massachusetts aud the Northern ed their faith to Georgia aud the otver Southern States, not simply that federal government, by ite officers, oe Srrest fugitive slaves foun’ in their v@g. fom up to their owners, but that fmog wapted husetts and of each Northern State, by their oiticers, would themselves ‘deliver them up,” = ‘s Lewd bound themselves to “deliver up” fugitives yom jusi The only d fferonoe in tho language used In the Const! tution, as applicable to the two classes of Cugitives is, that the criminal, or Pr from justice, 1s to be de- livered up on @ demand of the Executive authority of the from which he flod, wnile the slave, or fugitive labor, is to be Sovak ies claim of the party to whom euch service is due. two clauses will bo found in item two, or Article four, of the Constitution of the United States. The clause in referenco to fugitives from justice is in these words:—‘A person charged in apy with treason, felony or crime, who shall flee from justice, and be (ound in another State, shall, oa do- mand of the Executive authority of the State from whictf be fled, be delivered up, to be removed to th» State having jurisdiction of the crime.’ The clause relating to itive slaves ia as follows:—‘‘No person held to service in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping fwto another, shall, in consequence of any law or reguly tion therein, be discharged from such service or |abor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whomsach service or labor may be due.’’ It may be horo observed ‘that the same Jar; “shall bo delivered up,” ia used in both cases; and that tbe constitution does not, in either case, say that it shall be done by acthority of Congress. I do not say that Congress may not have concurrent juris- diction In these cases, and that a law may not be passed the exercise of this power by if by ding for pe ‘the federal goveroment in case of a State refusing to do it, and stitutional ob! is may not be considered aa bm gw neye do not at under these prov! cons eee oe the Union, to exercise this power whenever @ proper case may arise, and to deliver up the fugitives of either class found within her Iimits,on the dor claim being made as ided by the comstituiion, What State denies its obligation under the constitution to do- liver up a criminal who is @ fugitive from justice, on do mand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled? Iam aware that discussions sometimes arise about the legal form of the demand, and thats ‘aithicss executive mey, under some shallow or legal tech ; but what State, by leg! denied the obliga tion? Aud what , Ot con! ‘by abolition coun- having no regard for plighted faith, will for = mo- y ite constitutional obligation to deliver up a ave who ie a fog'tive from service om claim of the par- ty to whom such service may be due? ‘THE COMPACT BROKEN BY THR NORTH But how bave several of the States of this Union kept their eolemn compact with Georgia? As I should be com led to extend this message to tao great a i to attempt to point out the faithless legis’ s Vermont, New York, Michigan, and of other Northern States upon this question, I will notice oaly the legisla. tion of Massachusetts at One of a class of States which, under abviition rule, have shown themselves utterly ro- less of Uheir conatitational obligations aud thelr fo- mn pledges of public faith. Masenotiusetts hag not ouly failed to enact jaws provid ing for the delivery of fugitive slaves to their owners, bet she has, to rant violation of ev rinciple of sea ace pea power Py) ‘hs ni Fa officers of the federal government of fugitive slaves found within ber limits By astatute of that Steto, approved Merch 94, 1849 phe commande the jotzos aud justices of the not take cognizance of the act of Coogreas ta 1793 for | the delivery te ad slaves ty their masters, aod not to grant the certificates required in casos that may arise uncer the third rection of that act, to any porron who claims aay other person a8 a fugitive slave within her jarisdiction This certificate, under the act of Cougross of 1783 te necessary to enable the owner to carry Dack bis lave to the State or ferritory from which be fled is by that act mace the daty of tho jadge or jo» toe to act in such cage, and to graut the cersifests up 0 proper proof being mate, She aleo enaets that no sheri'f, By ue of that State, approved March 24, 1815, da the jadges and jastices of the perce not nizance of the act of Congress, passed in 1 ‘and not to grant the cer!iSeates require may arige urdcr the third section of th ton wh? claims any other person as a fo) fm ber jurisdiction. This certidcate. Congrets of 1793, ry back his slave to the State or Territory from which be fad; aud it is by that act made the daty of the jadge or Justice to act in euch case, and to grant the certideate upon proper proof being made, She also enacts that vo merit, deputy sheriif, ccroner, constable or jallor, or | cher ¢fficer of the Commonwealih, shal! arrest or deta’n, or aid in the arrest or detention tmprigom a’ jail or other bullding belon, jhe State or toany county, ‘of to wn thereof, y person for tho rea | eon that be is claimed flay. Aud aaa po | palty, it ie enacted that any justice of the peace, eheriiT, | deputy sheriff, » constadle or juilor, who 1 offend hos provisions §of this , by in apy way acting, directly or indirectly, under the power conferred by the third sectina of the act of Congress aforementioned, shall forfolt » fom not execeding $1,000, or be subjected to imorigoa ment not exceeding one year in the county jail Thin statute not only prohibits all oiicers of osetts from arresting or a fogitive siave and dealer to | a citizen of the aid of capturing bis fogitive slave foand thero, but denies to him Abe ute ay or Datiding belon to that State for the purpose of detaining bis slave wo be can carry ja the | him away, and also makes (t highly penal io any officer Northern States bad then beca able to ride into power by | who acts and gives the certificate (irected by the act of denouccing the by abolition Barangues.. Since the Passage of the. inw ot y } Sines wo Congrees inhibiting the traffic, moat of the fliegal impor. tations of slaves have been mado Northern men, in Northern ships. and the institutions of the Soath- large proportion of the tham to the reostved their money ite proceeds, was no doabt invested ia wufscturing, &o. This fact was fresh in the the Ni whd united with our ‘n forming the constittion: and they did not he titate to bind themsclves and their posterity to reapset to say, however, pot bees oe man; Detter thea ‘the Northern pulpit beon desecraied | Congress as above This law of Massachusetts | effectoaily pulliser, State, the act of Congress parned for the protection cf the ooontitutional rights of the people of Georgia and otber Southern States. MORE MARSACHUSETTS LEGISLATION AGAINST TAE SOUTH In 1855, the Legislature of Memeachusetts atsed, over the executive veto, another statute, extending the pro visione of the act of 1643, to the act of Congress known as the Fogitive Slave Inw, paged in 1850, and which was intended to nullify that act. This act xton'is to the fogitive slave the benedt of the writ o’ corpus, an4, on bis application, makes \t the Cuty of tne court be fore which the habeas corpus is returnable, to order a trial by jury, which ts vot allowed by said statute in Asy cae except in caso of a fugitive slave; and tle gives the court the power to admit him to batl. Oa the trial the jury may return a verdict, and they whose | are to have tne same discretion that jaries hare in the trial of criminal cases. If the jory cisagree tho iste may be eudmitted to another jory, of continued to the next term, at the discretion of the coart. The claimant is required to state in writing, with precision aud cor Heh: a0 to hold as tainty, the facts upon which he relies; and neither the claimant of the fugitive, nor any one Intererted in the alleged odiigarion to service or labor, nor the fugit're himself, ehail be ited to testify on the trial; and oo our us, tn with our children, smalgumate aud be piacad ta All confersions, adm’ or declarations of tie fugitive cts a a basis of perfect equality with our free | against bimeelf shell alee in evidence. Upon every anne For the promoting this ob- question of fact \avolved in the issue, the burden of proof ject, and Sgmnerel revels of ber amven,, © por: aba! be on the claimant, and the facta neccesary to be o# Vion of their number, with fre and |, have invaded | tablished must be proved by the testimony of at iovt Virginia, ore of our Southera sitter States, and hh. | two credible witnesses, or otber legal evidence ey 1!valea! tered in colt blood some of her quiet, viding cit. | thereto; and no es parte deposition or efidarit shall be re- zens. It in true, these guilty criminals have suifored the — cetved in proof in of the claimant (it might be in penalty of the law upon the seaifold; but the justise of | behalf cf the negro); and no provump\ion #ba'l arise to their puoishment Deon denied, and their names hare favor of the c'ali from any proof that the all fog been the abslition masses in the Live er say of bis aocestors doen actually held asa N |, even in tne pulpit, aro fre. slave, yat that euch holding was legal. 1 pro quently rm to the cause of liderty. ume thia proof could hardly be mate to the satisfac Should our citizens invade their territory, and burn tion of an abolition jury, who deoy that slavery i¢ ia apy down their factories, batlt with money or the of case legal. A fine of not less than oneynor more five money y Virginia, G ia acd Carolies thourand dollars, and imprisonment not jess one planters 14 buteber their citizens who hold | sor more than Sve years, is imposed on avy one woo Ge of slaves, or by the use of aball come into the wealth, with intention of re- Inetion of elave labor, how differentiy they would moving, or aesistiog in therefrom, any parnon view question of criminality, But the inv: who | io the thereof pot beld to service or labor, ko. Should slay the Northern citizen, who holla his fortune | Under the rules of evidence Inid down by tho stalute, eoqu! Proceeds of slave labor and the sale of with the delays allowed im the habeas corpus court, no slaves, more guilty then these wore who \a- cit: vaded a slave State, and her citizens because | ever bo they 5 would b's moral guilt be greater — slave: and and encourage serena the tovesten of every owner tenetinge, prompt tm Virginia. the abolition iste our right to bold Massachusetts to the elaves we purchased from them, do not permit ola’ “thousand dollars, and by imprisooment in the State | the citizen of subjeot, are reciprocal. not las than ooo nor more than two years. And 1 be Tho slave has been aajedged tobe a: property, vey are subject, under the statute, to a like poaalty. ™ gation, ment establishing bis claim to his property, aod return home with him, and ® mob arrests him while attempting to return, and tates bis property from him by force, and any stvil or military officer of that State comes to bis relief, and sssiste him againet the mob to retura to this State with bis property, such officer, for this act, i subject to be fined from ous to two thousaad dollars, and tobe imprisoned in the Stato prison (penitentiary) from ‘one totwo years. Jt is further made the duty of the Governor, by and wita the advice apd consent of the Council, to appoint in every county in the Commonwealth, one or more Commissioners, learned in the jaw, who are to be diligent and faithful tn the defence of avy person who is arreswd or seize, or in danger of being arrested or seized a fugitive (rom ser. vice or labor, with power to empl ther counsel for tne defence; and the whole costs of the defenoe, including the attorney’s fees, are to be paid out of the Mate Treasury. Thestatate then declares that no jatl, or othe place of con finement belonging to, or used by tho Commonweatth, or any county therein, shall be used for the imprisonmea: any ove, who shall be accused or convicted of any ote) created by any of the fugitive slave acts passed by Coa gress, or who may he acoused or convicted of rosistit any process, warrant or order issued under eltoer said acts, or of rercuing, or attempting to rescue, any perecn, arrested or detained under any of the pro: of elther of snid acts, or of any person arcsted ecution for damage’ for aseisting @ fagitive to escxom from service cr labor. Under this provision of the statute, if the leader of a mob resista s United <ssew officer in the exeontion of a process iseued un- der the authority of the acts of Congrem, or we arrest of & ugitive slave, and thereby enables the Ww escape, oF rescues nad takes him from the officer after Das been arrested, and Lois daring violation of the law ino icted jn the United States Cours, and convicted and sentenced to prieon for having in the manner above men- thoned foreibiy taken from 4 .tizen of this State his p perty ; or if the citizon ot Goorgia sues him for dam wer im the United States Court, and recovers judgment, aud bas him arrested under execution, Magsacoueette, either case, denies the use of her jails for nis imprigon- it. ment. It is finally enacted, that no part of this stata’e sha! apply 10 60 mech of the act of Congress an relates to fog: tives from jastioe: showing that the State recogaizas ber constitutional obligation in the one case, and repudiate: it tn the other, Ay these statutes the Stato of Maseachusette not only bullies the acts of Congress pateed for the protection of the constitatiooal rights of the people of Georgia, bat holds out every inducement in her power to her citizens to violate them, to resist their legal process, aud to res. cue and take from us our fugitive slaves, after aa adj idi- cation under the acts of Cong! that they are our pro- 7. AFVECT C¥ NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN NULLIFICATION. When South Caroliaa, in 1832, mado provision for the ification of certain laws of Congross, ki f denfe By all — of which her citizens were pg plundered by the government to enrich the manu- facturers of Mutwachusetts and other Northero States, the whole Ucion was convulsed with excitement, and the use of fecerai bayonets was threateaed to coerce her inw obedience if attempted to carry out what were do- nounced as ber treasouablo designs When Massachusetts, ia 1843 and 1855, in palpabie vio lation of ber ¢uty under the consitution, passed acts effectually nullify tpg the laws of Oongress enacted fur the protection of the rights of the citizens of tho slave States, Do outpouring of icdiguation went forth, and no ory of treason to the government was heard from the Northera States But if Southern man proposed that Maasacha. setis be coerced into obedience, or that a Southern State retaliatory laws, he was denounced as a disunioniat, if not as traitor. If nullification in South Carolina, for Jost cause, was treason againat the federal government, ‘what better is it in Massachusetts, withoat cause? Probably the records of no State or gation in Christea- dom are more biackesod with the deep stain of dis- grace, caured by & wilfal violation of public faith, than this record of Masrachasetts if I use strong laoguage, It tg because I feel that the wrov. var Btate reqaire that Lepeak the truth without roservation. While the trade of Georgia is worth to Marsachusetts, annaally, hundreds of thousaude, if not million our tari M it |, and otber advantages which SMassa- cerivee from the UL» cn, she retains upon her oat extraordinary laws, for the par- pose og the citizens of Georgia er rly which may crcape and be found within her limi. She {s Inviting our trade, to which many of her citizens \ook for thetr datly bread; but 1f our moerchaat goes there to trade, nud carries with hi lis slave, as @ body servant, whieh be has a8 moh natural right to do as a citizen of sseachusetis bas t> carry his baggage with him when he travels through Georgia ) the laws of that State take from bim his property, and refuse to permit bim i bring it with bim when he returna to his home. Suppote a similar treat compact existed betwoen France ant Great Britain, aud the government and «a violetion of tho mould, }u open subjects of the govorament of Great ment and ci.izens of Mersecha- setts do the citizens of Georgia, would the goveranent of Great Britata submit to it for asinglo month? No doubt, in euch care, eatir'action would be promptly de- manded of the government of France; aod, in case of refasal, the government of Groat Britata would resort to immedisto reprisals, or a prompt declaration of war, Should the freemen of Georgia be denied by the logis lators tho protection whieh the crowned heats of Europe never fall to afford to their subjects? If so our g , ment is failare, and our boasted freedom ie but a tolemp mockery. RECIPROCAL ONLIGATIONS OF TATRA 2 vernment agree that tho duties asd obligations of the State or goveroment, and Tho State hae the right to require from each citizen prompt odediones to ber laws; tocommand bis servic ® io the Geld of battle it her enemies, whenever, ia ber jadgment, {t may ecesary to ber protection, or the vindication of her honor; and to tax hit to any extent which her necessi- View may at any time require. Those requisitions, Georgia, as & sovereign State, has made, and may com {ipue 10 make, on ali her citizens. I» return for the sums paid ss taxes, and the services whieh each citizen renders tae State, jociuding obedience to all her laws, he is entitled to demaud and receive from the State full and ample protection of bis lie, his liberty, his family, by tation and his property of every ¢escription. It te the duly of Georgia, therefore, wheaever one of ber citizens, po mattor how humble, is robbed of his pro- perty, or wrongfully deprived of bis liberty, by any othor State, to demand prompt and ample redress; and if it bo denied, to make the cause of bor cilizon ber own cante; and, It need be, toexbaurt her vat resourses and great energice in a determined effort to redress the wrong. If, therefore, the Stace of Massacharetta, ia open viola tion of ber oonetitetional obi \gations to Georgia, planders & citizen of Georgia of his property, acd refuses to make Tedrees Georgia violates overy principle of good faith to be own citizen if she refuses either to compensate him from ber own treasury, or to compel Massacnurctis to compen fate bim. A sovereign Siate should either protect ber citizen or ceage to claim their aliegian:e their obe- aience to ber awa. HOW THESE MAY BF RXPORCED Put tt may be asked how Georgia can compol Muses chose!ts to compensate citizens of Georgia who have boon robbed of their property by M: anette logisiation The ia© of natioos furnishes a ready reply. Tre ment distinguished writers on that subject Iny down the doctrine that a Stato, whore citizens or aubjers bave deen urjastly and ilegaily deprived of their proper ty by anotber State or nation, which refuses to make reparation, may lawfully make reprieaia by sleziog the property of the offending State or nation, oF its eitizeor or subjects, wherever to be found; apd, If jastice ja stilt refused, by coofiscating and delivering to the injured party asuificient amount of the property 90 solz~1 to indemnify him against the Jom, and gach telzare is de. clared to be no jost cause of war The law of nations doce not, in euch eare, confine the njared State to the seizare of the public property of the offending State, bat au'ho riges the actrure of the property of avy individual citizen oF subject of the offending © An bet ween States, the law, in #uch esse, considers all the property of every ci- taeh of subject »# the property of the State to which he belongs, anc subjects |t ail, or any part of it, to eetzare for such injary done by the State as justifies reprisal. Tan injured State makes reprieal, and eeigos tho property of a citizen or rubject of the offending State, and delivers It to ite citizen or runject in ratisfaction for the tnjary déne such citizen oF rubject, It je no violation of the right of private property; bat the citizen or sulyjoot of the of fending State, whore property hw been peized, mast look to hig own State to compensate him for the lose Which be bas sustained on her account, and it te tho duty of such S ate to make good the loss of its citizen or subject. It follows, therofore, in cage a citizen of Goor. fia is deprived of his slave, or other property, by ths uo Jost and unconstitutional legiflation of Maxsachnactte, ‘aod Marrachoretts refores to make restitution on demacd, a Gos may, by tl of nations, jast'y ne'zo an amount yperty belon to that commonwealth or any one of her citivena, wberever to be found, suf leat fully to indemaify ber citizen, and revein it tll restita ton ie made by Maseachaseti«, or confiscate aot deliver ft to the injured citizen In aatiafaction for the damage quatained by him This I¢ not only the Inw of nations, but tt is the law of natare, and ts in atric} conformity to the plainest principles of pataral jastios STATE RIGHT TO KEPRGAL NOT RESTRICTED BT THE Ooxert Ten0N Nor does that provision of the om etitation of the United States we! declares that no tate shall graat letters of marque aod reprisal interfere with the right of @ State to on of Mareacbueetis, to which | bave referred, or tion of any other State, or by the nogle st of ate ty full ber copatitutioaal obligations to delivering up to the owner, on cewand, his siave which may bave escaped into such staie, to call ont such military force ae he may deem weceseary for the purpose, aud to seize sach amount of the money or property of any citizen of euch offending and faithless State, wnich may de found within the luits of \Dis State, as may be amply suiticieus fully to indemaily ech citizen of this State who may bave been robbed of bis property by the failure of faithless State to charge its constitutional cbiigations, notify the Governor ot euch State of the seisure; and, tare the Goveraor of such Siate shall fail, withio thirty days from the time he receives such notice, to cause property of ovrown citizen to be returne1 to him, ite full value paid tv him, that it mball thea be the di Abe Governor of this State to deliver such quavtity property eo seized to the ir jured citizen of this may be suilicien, fully to indemaify him against all Gamages sustained by bim MANUFACTURES OF HOSTILE STATES TO NE EX€LUDED, Believing, (urs@e: more, tuat our self respect as @ peo- ould prompt vs to withdraw from each of the Northero States of this Union, which, by ite legisiation, has refused to abide by ite covstitutional obilgakions to ue, all she profits aod advantages of our trade, [ furtoer recommend the enactment of such laws as will drive the manufactured articles of such states, as {er as possible, from. the markets of Georgia. If Georgia aud all the other Southern Siates would, by proper legislation, oarry out this policy, Maseachure tts and each Northern State, which, by its legislation, has shown itaclf faithless to ite obliga: Mons under the coustitulion, would have w seck markets elsewhere; and if they should be competied to send the products of their factories out 0 toe Union for sale, they would be deprived of the vast profits they now obtain in the Union, op account of the advantages our tariif laws afford them in our own markets over all imported goods which pay tariff cuties. . we avy such Georgia, or ber citizeus, by it may Sonne we be ae ve fh nag ene to pars laws in pro! introduction Massachusetts gooas nto Georgian It fe not necessary jor my pur tbat I coutrovert this proposition showing shat the coustitutional obligations of Georgia Mareachusctts oesse, whenever Massachusetts refuses to be Gourd by oer coraditationa, obiigations to Georgis; or, in other words, that Mamtachusetts ceases to bo longer entitled vo the benefits of tne Union when she refuses to tubmit to it burdens. It te softicient to say thet, without the violation of any provision of the constita- tion of the Uniled States, Georgia has complete coutrol of this matier in the coustitational exerciss of ber wer of taxation, While Goorgia bas no *t apy S.ate of the Uaion which acknow- ‘observes it# constitutional obligation to her, Vo pats any law prohibiting the importation of its goods into ber territory, she bas the undoubted right, 89 soon a8 the goode of any State are commiogled wita and be- 1@ the property of her own citizens, to tax them as she, in ber suvereiga capacity, may deo pro, Sho cg the Be) to discriminate between a: i$ are ticles or kinds of property as she may doom . This rigbt she bas exercised from the caritest meted of her biswory. Sbe has a! times, tn tho assessment of taxes, discriminated between different & the ps cf taxation, Prior the acs of 1852, she taxea city and town property and mercban: ise higuer than she did Jand avd negroes—waile horses, cattle, bogs, household furniture and many other articies were no, taxed at all. Even now rhe taxcs baok capital, foreign rauce com- pantes, lotteries, & , bigher than she docs other pro- perty, and co tax js imposed uvon libraries, household furniture, under the valde of $200, &o , &c. f apyrehend, therefore, that no one will venture at this time to ques- tion her right to discrumivate as she may deem proper in the assesement of her taxes. THE MUDE OF HOSTILE DISCRIMINATION. Whether the wil discriminate between goods manufac. tured in other Hiates, #0 ae to give her friends xn advan- |. tage over her enemies, is & mere question of policy. Feel- ing that ebe woald do this, and believing that she has it im ber power by the adoption of thi course, in a great measure, to drive the gooda of her enemies out of her territory, I earnestly recommend the enactment of suc laws ag will ascomplish the object. To thia eud 1 would gest the pastoge of »n act to take effect on the first y of January next, but not to operate upon any goods, wares or merchandise purchased before that time (80 that our mercb@nte may be for warned of its existemoe be- tore they tkcur any liabilities om agcouat of ite violation, which shall require every Waxpayer ia this State to awear, tm aodition to the cath now prescribed, whether be bas, during the year for whico he is giving in hs taxes, been the vender of any goods, warcs or merchandise of any deeeription. Shou'd he suewer this qui in the affir- ative, then to be further required to state oa oath, to ‘the beet of bis ledge aud belief, tae aegregaio value of all goods, Qod merchanaise, of any character Sold by bim'during sic period, which. were manufactured in or brought toto this Stave from Massachasetta, Ver- ment, Michigan, Maine. Rhode island, Uoncecticut, New York and Wisconsin. (1 believe theme aro wwe states whieh wort palpably violated the constisation by Uber legislation and their action, eithough tho legisiation of some others is by no means justifable, ava may be- come the subject of futare achon on our part;) wad he ebonid be required to pay, in addition to bis tax ‘on other the manvfaciured artici¢s of some otber Nortaern States whose legisiation, thoogh not by any meade fee from censure, if pot altogether as offensive to us as that of iro of Googe manu ported (broogh the faithlers States above named. 1 th'nk {t bes! that we relect for the present oaly such States af are moet ip the wroog, till we have shown ail the «fleet of th Jation; abould others then refuse to repeal their clovsive lege tho statute can easily ard justly be extended to ‘th Were such « law of foree 1o Georg!s, our merchants in the market would re- fuse to purchese the goods upoa which they would have to pay the exira tax, O58 are Dot Fabjrct to it. If each Southern State will enact @ law similar to the one above recommended, the effect will be, im high Cegreo, injurious to the ‘maoufacturing interest of the above bamed Sates, S) soon ag the mavufactarers in thore “takes ee that they are deprived of tho benedt of the Soutbern trade, or that they eaunot enjoy it on equal terms with thelr beighbors iu other Northern States, their interest will dictate to them the propriety of uniting aod requiring their eperatives and those ander their control, to waite, at the ballot box, with (be iarge clara of inw abidiog, conservative, constitutiocal mea in their respective Staten, wbo tave ever been reaty to do abide, in good faith, by all their conatita- The accumulation of strength which in those Simtes woulc ia sbie way din their stead would bay such hone constitutional , It ts believed, avd enable them to h from place and power og comtrolied, and by their je Stave. riven to the G mation tho operation u! taid Staver, wheoeve fuch Siste hig State to suapend by procia- Ack a8 agtiuat avy one of y be officially joformed that coopetitutional and offensive Jegiplation, and bi ned to the obser Pttutional obligations, or to embrace in U tom, Buy OLbr State enaccing simile: WHY IT WOULD NOT BE RYADED IN Tue NOKTH It may be paid that this tax law, If pastod, would bo frequently evaded, and that goods made in Masmachusetta jabe ed and pars in the marke: ax goods Jermy. Thu wovid doadticss be #0 in maoufectar: ‘be would vote fora law to fasten upon his State the shame of a violetion of her piigbted would be faith; but it would not be tm thons States to mak would be the Interest of of New advantage in Southern tr much as pereible tho frew the manufsctorer or imp 7 of the goots ould require Jedge and belief he would not likely be wanting vigilance: bat would require such evidence, In mating purebave law might sometimes be evaded is no sufficient reason eby Itebould pot be enacted, How often are the revenue roments violated id do without them. Even the laws againet marder, ard all the ether felonies known to oar code, are often evaced, but who would say that on that acon nt, bave been enacted They are often cuted: and they stand upon our rtatate book ass ‘i doers ‘So wouli slaw of the pro; be in a great degree effective, and would the chendise of those States under the ban of Southern roription, and compel them before they could introd vird'cate our honor and puaish It woald c mpel them, as long as they te the compact, to lowe oar trade or pay & our tages, a8 the merchant hariog cont tox opon Martachuretts or N not buy them unles# be could parehase per cent cheapsr than be could got the goods aubject to the tax. far l bare recommended the mildest meega: ia my jadgment, wil ress our wrongs canse ine” recon! of the vilensive aed usjatt legislation above referred to. YENAL COMR TO ME REVRALED RESPECTING CIEE OF BOB TUR TATA, 33 i | i bi i : ii ga redress her own of ythore of cltiaens, af Should the enactmer* berein deemed 'n- Agninst a sister State of Talon, by repriaa!, where: Foffici-pt to the acormp'ishment the — I wonld y additional remedy, the this State which protect the Eis Gu nase loca oS wet oe ° on now eo State im this ‘Unis whieh bas bs Ae? or acte of the character, to wish T have dieeated” your attention and that the citizens of ted of each free