The New York Herald Newspaper, September 28, 1860, Page 6

6 . NEW YORK HERALD. | OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF NASSAU AND FULTON 83. adeance. ma! coil be at the idk? the senders” Postage tampa nod vectcad as nanersptis “Cun annum. THE DAILY HERALD two omts por conv, $1 per crn’ HE WREKLY HERALD, cvery Sats" oe Ee at rane, Blin tery Wednaadan, the tat ehr conte por copy, Bh per annum to ay part of ‘ain, 2c ane eto, a ak pee THe EME WEAALD on Welneoy at four conts por | ‘or 83 per annum. ENC! p tend dmportant | Bhi eg rR are Tiotainy ones Joe” aay Sow Foueiam Counssron Dents sxe Panvicuany Beguastso 10 Seal au Larrsse ap Pace: | A870 NOTH take of anonymous correponience, We donot TISEM EL recy day: adcertionmenta tn. AML ALD, aud én Kerted i te Waeeee Lg COR Maintse asd wid nate, ceaps and de ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Fourteeuth street.—Farnca Ors- wa—RKosear tw Disses. NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Haucet. WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, Maatc Jone—Borx 10 Goon Lock—, anv Our OF Price. Bond street.— june O' Dosuamta— Lar BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—A Gtanoe at New Youa—Wioow's Victin—Jack Baxrrann, WALLACK’S THEATRE, Brosdway.—Tus Rora.ist— Back rox 4 Winow. LAURA KEENE’S THEATRE, No. €4 Broadway.—Tas Money Bor. NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Ricuxuiso—He BREW Son—KiNG or CLons — BARNUM’S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—Day aod Evening—Joseru axp lis Baetuaxx—Livine Comiosi- ‘ins, 40. BRYANTS' MINSTRELS, Mechantes’ Hall, 172 Broadway.— Bus.esqvus, Sones, Dances, &c.—Jack Cave. SALOON, Broadway.—Hootey & Camrni x Ermiorias Songs, Bua.asque Dances, Inavguwation Bat. NATIONAL THEATRE, Obatham street.—Devit's Davan- ERs—Macic Bakaui—FouteNn’s FRouio. CANTERBURY MUSIC HALL, 663 Brosdway.—Sonas | Dances, Buniasques, ac. A British steamer arrived at New Orleans yes- | terday with the remnant of General Walker's | party. Walker is stated to have been shot on the 12th instant, but Colonel Rudler was still in prison. The details of the surrender of Walker, embodied in our correspondence from Traxillo, together with copies of the letters of Captain Salmon, of the British steamer Icarus, to Walker, the reply of Walker and his protest, together with the pro- clamation of General Alvarez, are given in our issue of this morning. Advices from Matanzas to the 22d represent the sugar market as being active and firm. The mer- chants of Havana and Matanzas insist on a greater allowance of tare on boxes of sugar than fifty-five pounds, which is now the prevailing usage. It is supposed that the new requirement of sixty-seven pounds tare will be conceded by the planters, ‘The city was unusually healthy for the season and the harbor entirely free of disease. Our correspondence from the African squadron details the particulars of the capture of the slaver Storm King, with 620 negroes on board—a tele- graphic notice of which appeared in our columns yesterday. The Storm King arrived at Norfolk on Wednesday in charge of Lieutenant Hughes. Twelve persons found on board of her have been committed to prison. Hereafter all vessels cap- tured as slavers will be taken into Norfolk. Additional details of European news by the Per- sia will be found ia our columns this morning. Perugia was captured on the 14th inst., after an exciting combat, during which 1,600 prisoners were taken. Onur correspondence from London, Paris, Florence and Genoa, at this critical juncture of affairs on the Continent, will be found to pos- sess peculiar interest. The Prince of Wales left Dwight for St. Louis yesterday morning, and arrived in that city early in the evening. His quarters are at Barnnm's | Hotel, where suitable provision had been made for the accommodation of the party. A republican weekly meeting was held last even- ing at the Cooper Institute. e Hon. Thaddeus Btevens, of Pennsylvania, and the Hon. Butler G. Noble, of Wisconsin, addressed the meeting. A report of the proceedings will be found in another place. The Board of Aldermen met last evening. The Mayor sent in a veto of the resolution of the Board requesting the City Inspector to prepare plans and specifications for cleaning the streets of the city. The Mayor deemed the resolution unneces- sary and superfluous, as bids had been received from eight different persons to clean the streets by them were drowned. Proper books will be eup- plied ia future to prisoners in the Tomba. | of excitement, contract, and that no saving to the city could be effected by the rejection of the lowest bid or by a Contract founded on new specifications. The con- tract for laying the main water pipes to connect the new receiving reservoir with that for distriba- tion was awarded to A. J. Hackley. An ordinance creating the office of Inspector of City Rallreads, ‘with a salary of $3,000 per annum, was also passed. The Comptroller reported the balance in the city treasury to be $466,940 29. The Board of Councilmen were in session last evening. when a resolution was adopted directing the Counsel to the Corporation to state what mea- wures are necessary to prevent the Hudson River | Railroad cars, and the cars of all other railroad | companies, from obstrncting the streets of the city. | The special committee appointed to investigate the affairs in the Corporation Attorney's office were instructed to report at the next meeting of the Board, A resolation was referred to the Commit tee on Streets in favor of widening Catharine street twenty feet on the west side, and extended the full width, so that it may intersect Canal street, near Mulberry. The Board appropriated $1,000 to | rebind the firemen’s registers that are kept | in the City Hall. The Board concurred with | the Aldermen to pave Fourteenth street, from Anion square to Ninth avenne, with Belgian pave- ment: to pave Thirty-first street, between Fifth and Madison avenues, with the same pavement: Broome street, from Broadway to the Bowery, and Twenty winth street, between Fifth avenue and Broadway. A large number of “general orders” pertaining to routine papers were adopted. The annual Protestant Episcopal Convention ‘was convened at St. Johns’ chapel, Vori:k street, fon Wednesday morning last. Right Rev. Bishop Potter presided. Among the notabilities present | ras the Right Rev. Bishop Smith, of Victoria and | Mong Kong. The sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. Coit, of Troy. The annual reception given by ‘the Bishop to the clergy of his diocess took place ‘at bis residence in this city the same evening. ‘Yesterday the Convention held two meetings, and rere engaged with the anntal reports. A full re- Port of their proceedings will be found elsewhere. ‘They adjourned at s late hour last night until nine clock this (Friday) morning. The Commissioners of Chariti.s and Correction @et yesterday afternoon. The statistics of the dif. Werent city institations for the week showed the | momber of inmates to be 7,850—a decrease of 53 frince the last report. The number admitted during the same period was 2,001; discharged, transferred Or died, 2,054, Six men escaped from the peniten. | Liory, bot ia attempting to swim the river two ot | The wi'l of Cortlandt Van Rensselaer was admit- vate yesterday, The testator, who was resident of Burlington, N. J., owned the amount of two hundred thoasand is city. The bulk of his estate waa left to his family; a few thousauds were donated for religious purposes. The attempt by Fiora Temple to eclipse the time made by Dutchman, in his celebrated three mile , trot over the Beacon Course, proved a failure. She de three efforts, but was unable to accomplish | it in either, The cotton market yesterday waa steaty, with sales of ebout 1,600 bales, Flour in the forenoon oponed actire gad Ormer, with gaica at a elight advance, but aa the day's | business progressed tt grew tame, and the improve. ment, with here apd there an exceptioual case, wae lost at the close. Wheat opened drm and advanced about Ic. a Sc. per bushel, but the market closed ‘avy, and for moet descriptions at the previous day’s quotations. Corn was in speculative request, with more doiug aud at full prices. Pork was steady, aad new mess was rather firmor, with sales of mess at $19 250$1057\; and of pew prime at Sli a $14 12);, Sugare were steady andactive, The trausac- tions embraced nearly 4,000 bhds, and 1,600 boxes, at prices given im another column, Coffee was quiet, oy limited sales, while prices wero firm, Freighia Steady. Among the cagagements were 70,000 b; wheat taken for L'verpoo!, in bulk and bags, at L2s¢J, a 134, and 4,000 bbis four to London at Os. 10)c4. ‘The Progress of Events in Earope—Dan- ger of Revolution or Peaction, The aspect presented by affairs in Europe at this moment is of the most Imposiog character, and not without portent, wavering as they are in the balance between regeneration and re- action, All eyes are turned to Rome, the seven hilled city, which promises to resume again the lead at least of Latin Europe, In the Vatican sits the Pope, surrounded with the forma of the dying past, and backed b7 the memories of a thousand yeare. Garfbaldi, now the popular hero, not alone of Italy but of all Europe, is advancing from Naples at the head of a. triumphant revolution, with the announced intention of proclaiming from the summit of the Quirinal the union of Italy, From Tarentum to the Alps the Italians are in a blaze Lombardy, the Duchies, Sicily and Naples are already free, and the cry is, “To Rome, to Venice—Rome, the capital.” The tri-colored flag is being everywhere given to the breeze. Victor Emanuel foresees the torrent of revolution that may overwhelm even him, and he has put bis troops also in motion from the north towards Rome, to restrain the passions of the people from those excesses in their new born freedom that may produce reaction. Thus revolution from the south and regeneration from the north are simultaneously marching upon the ancient capital of the world, where the spirit of the past still sits enthroned. The possible results of the approaching col- lision command the attention and the fears of all the rest of Exrope. Louis Napolecn with- draws his representative from Turin, declares that the spiritual head of the church shall not be assailed while the temporal power is falling from bis hands, and increases his forces in the Papal city. Austria, forewarned of the coming blows at ber, crouches bebind the Miacio with three hundred thousand armed men, ready to spring at the first favorable mo- ment upon the assailing innovators. Han- gary walts for the moment of ven- geance and freedom. Germany pants for the long promised German unity. Prussia and Russia, alarmed at the rising tide: among the nationalities, are hastening to take counsel with Austria at Warsaw. Eogiand is struggling between the sympathies of her court and her aris. tocracy for the forms of the past, and the thrill. ings of her people in unison with the spirit of the pew order of things. Everywhere the commu- nities are divided in sentiment. Cabinets and crowned heads fear, and the people long for the coming change. Even the church is divided. The hierarchy cling to the old forms, while the lower orders of the clergy and the monks ea- tone Te Devm at the triamphs of the revolu- | tionary leader, and accept with joy the rising nationality of Italy. In this critical position of affairs everything de- pendsupontwo men—Garibaldi and Louis Na- poleon. Perhaps more upon the firet than upoa the second; for a spirit of moderation on his part will be far more powerful to restrain the rerolu- tionary impulses of Europe than the rifed can- non and the half a million of bayonets of the ae- cond. Ifthe popular hero perceives the necessity of consolidating the popular triumphs as they are obtained, he can control the popular fervor through the power of sympathy, while any at- tempt to subdue it by an opposing force might lead the armies themselves to fraternize with the people, as they did in 1548. In this preca- rious situation of affairs the rumored existence of anunderstanding between Louis Napoleon and Garibaldi assumes a marked importance. There are pointa in the last news trom the scene of active events which seem to indicate that Garibaldi comprehends the necessity of mode- ration, and of making haste slowly. He some time since made known his necessity of a fleet to attack Venice, and yet when the Neapolitan fleet fell into bis hands he delivered it over to the Sardinian Admiral. This indicates his de- termination not to acta! .¢ in his future pro- ceedings. On the other hand, the annonaced intention of Victor Emanuel to respect the Pope, and the declared determination cf Louis Napoleon to defend his occupation of the Vati- can, give us some light as to the courte they desire to pursue. If they can follow it they may obtain a peaceful consolidation of the Roman States with the rest of Italy. ‘The next point is the Venetian question, Ex- bausted as Austria is, and surrounded with dif culties, an attempt to take this province from | ber by force would give her new and great | strength, She would be supported by all the immense reactionary elements of Europe, which were before prevented from embarking in this struggle only by the sudden peace of Villa- franca. This would bring on a general war or a general revolution, either of which fs equally a cause of apprehension. In order to avoid both a solution has been proposed for the Ve- netian problem which may succeed. When the Persia left the question of a purchase of Venice by united Itely was a subject of con- versation In the chief capitals of Ecrope. It was considered that its acquisition in this way, at almost any price, would be far cheaper than going to war for It. The initiation of such a proposition proves how greata progress has been made in all quarters by the idea of Italian liberation and natlonal reconstruction. The realization of this idea depends cP" contingencies connected with the personal de- signs of the cbief actors in the stirring events i that are preceding it, That Victor Euaguel | NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1860.—TRIP looks to it aa the triumph of his house there can be little doubt, but he may yet be over- thrown by the progress of a revolution he can- not control. Garibaldi has given an impulse to the popular aapiraticns everywhere which may be seized upon to forward other deaigns. Louis Nepoleon carea little for the house of Savoy avd lees for Garibaidi. He is intent upon re- establishing the Napoleonic dynasty and the order of things that existed under the old em- pire, To effect this he mar endeavor so to turn the revolutionary elemeata as to destroy both Victor Emanuel and Garibaldi, and then failing, a8 mustevery one who endeavors to ride the whirlwind, find himself and his throne involved in the common ruin of the aristocratic classes of Europe. To ua the present aspect! of afaira in Europe is importaat chiefly in a commercial poiat of view. The whole edifice of credit and trade is pervaded by the obligations of the govern- ments of Europe. and tbroughthem a general war ora general revolution would be equally productive of general disaater. Must of the great continental despotiams are involved in their pecuniary affairs to the verge of bankruptcy and the ability of the constitutional govern- “ments t@ incur new liabilitie, depends upon their revenues from commerce. Russia was forced to close the Crimean war by her neces- sity to attend to her matevial developement in order to procure revenue. A’ stria is hopelessly bankrupt. The new kingdom of Italy begins its career with an immense load of debt France bas contracted obligations. second only to those of England, in keeping up her military prowess. And England, in twenty-five years of peace, has increased her naval and military expenditures from sixty to one hundred and sixty millions of dollars. A war or a tion would cauze an immense fall pean securities, and the now ove: governments would Gad it impossible to meet their payments of interest. Such a result would bring new revulsion to the whole commercial world, with which we are indissclubly con- nected. Tammany Hall the Mother of Political Corruption. There ia no better evidence of the waning power, the general and rapid decay now going on with poor old dilapidated Tammany, than the convulsions and wrangling of her adherents whilst making the severa! local nominations, especially those for members of Congress and State Assembly. Thus far she has been true to her antecedents, and put forward as her repre- sentatives a number of the worthless philoso- phers who have disgraced the city in every position that they have filled. By her own course ebe has therefore placed in the hands of her opponenta the power to wipe her out of existence; like Haman, she has prepared the gibbet upon which her sachems will be hung, fifty cupits high, and the public relieved from her baneful infuence—the source and fountain head of the bribery and venality in our local and State governments removed from our midst. Tammany has long been the political eyesore of the city, the cancer of corruption gnawing at the vitals of our free institutions, polluting and defiling our body politic with her pesti- lential breath. To her the citizens of New York are indebted for the thieving rascality at the City Hall, and in fact in all branches of our city government where this hydra headed monster of the nineteenth century has shown itself. It is through her influence that our city govern- ment has been placed in the bands of aset of loafing politicians, and its legislative depart- ments turned into a machine for official plun der. It is the men that she has foisted upon us that are the acknowledged leaders of the dis- graceful plundering cabals in the Board of Councilmen and Board of Aldermen. In every department of the city govern- ment where venality is practiced a repre- sentative of Tammany ia sure to be found there ; the famous Forty Thieves received their training and first lessons in iniquity under her discipline. She managed to obtain the control of the Almshouse department, and then turned its halls of charity into Bacchanalian revelry, enacting scenes too shameful to be enumerated. which made (he whole community revolt at the outrage upon public decency, until finally the Legislature was obliged to turn them out in re- sponse to the demands of an indigaant public. Whenever Thurlow Weed wishes assistance to carry out his echemes at Albany he always ap- plies to Tammany, and finds willing aids in her representatives. The Senators and Assembly- men that are elected to the Legislature through her influence are always bosom friends of Weed assoon as they reach Albany. It was with men emanating from that rotten and corrupt concern that the several peculating schemes of the last session were organized and put through. Tammany furnished the democratic member of the Committee on Cities and Villages, who was one of the chief instruments in assisting the re- publicans fn preparing the several jobs. He worked so faithfully for bis masters that they have sgain engineered his nomination in the Twelfth Assembly district. The food and the equipment for the several piratical crusades of last winter were furnished by those hailing from Tammany; and it is reported that the $1,200,000 claim, which Weed has announced as being on his slate for the next session, is held by Tammanyites, Back auction dues is sup- posed to be the scheme. She is, in fact, the motber of political harlote, infecting and con- taminating everything within her reach. With this undentable record of infamy stand- ing out in bold relief, she still has the presamp- tion to attempt to govern the city and send her tools to Albany and Washing- ton. In her Congressional and Assembly | equabbles such characters as Boole, Taomey and Andrew Smith have already turned up, all emanating from the very lowest pit of the old “Coal Hole.” It is time that the public were Preparing themselves to give this instit:tlon Ite | finishing stroke. If she is allowed to send to | Albany thore representatives who were engaged | in the buccaneering projects of the last Legis- | lature, our citizens must not grumble if they persuade the rural members to unite with them to plunder the city of its valuable franchises, and the late disgraceful scenes are re-enacted. At the last Mayoralty election the people rose up in their might and repudiated the loathsome | concern. Let them again rally in such numbers that the wind, on the evening of the 6th of November, will moan her funeral dirge, and the Old Wigwam be buried so deep beneath the waves of public opinion that her ¢ouncil fires Wiii never be rekindled, and the tomabawks and ecalping knives of her sachems allowed for ever to rust unmolested. | The Execution of Walker—The British Flag Dishonored. ‘The remnant of Gen. Walker’s foolish expedi- tion has arrived at New Orleans, with the intel- ligence that their leader has been shot at Trux- illo, and Col. Rudler is still retained ia con- finement there. We publish elsewhere the correspondence between Commander Salmon, of the Icarus, and Walker, relative to the surrender of Truxillo, and also the protest of the latter against being delivered up to the Honduras authorities, Io the correspondence we have received there is a hiatus in the history of events between the evacuation of Truxillo and Walker's return to that port as a prisoner, and his protest against being delivered to the authorities of Honduras. In that protest, he affirms that he surrendered to Commander Salmon, as the representative of her Britannic Majesty, and that officer, in giving him up to the weak and blood- thirsty local authorities for execution, has cast a stain upon British honor and the British flag which no repentance on the part of Com mander Salmon can ever wash out. We have no excuses for Walker's foolish and criminal conduct in his late expedition. It was begun in folly, conducted with erimiaality, and has ended in blood. Had he been captured by those whom he attacked, no regret would have attended. his fate. But he was not captured by those who have been hia executioners. He surrendered, with- out reaistance, to an officer of the British crown; and that officer, powerless, and even without cause, to execute him himself, gives him up to those who had not the valor to at- tack and take him, but who, it was well known, would gladly murder him if he were only delivered harmless into their power. This ia the disgraceful act that Commander Salmon has performed, and it will be a lasting stain upon British humanity and chivalry. For hia conduct he will, no doubt, be called to account by his Queen, whose crown he has sullied with his own inhumanity. Walker's great and fatal error, next to making his fool hardy descent on Truxillo itself, was his declension to accept Lite- rally the terms proposed in the first letter of the British commander, which were to give up all arms, side arma of the officers excepted, refund all moneys and papers that had been taken and accept the protection of the British fag. Walker said he knew of no money taken, and therefore could not refund. It does not seem that he made any answer to Captain Satmon’s second letter, except by an abandonment of the port on the night of the same day on which it was dated and a retreat down the coast. It is evi- dent from his protest that he surrendered in the full belief that he and his followers might confide their safety to the British flag. The result is the most bitter comment that can be made upon those who accepted his sword. @he Sunday Laws and the Elections to the Legislature. We perceive that in some of the election dis- tricta resolutions have been passed not to sup- port candidates for the Legislature who are not in favor of repealing the Sunday laws. Public opinion is gradually making head against those fanatical enactments which have been the source of all the political trouble in the community for several years; the liquor laws, pronounced by legal authority in this State and eeveral others to be unconstitutional and void, as interfering with trade, with the revenue of the general government and with the inalien- able rights of the people; and the Sunday laws, which are equally unconstitutional and void, violating the letter and spirit of the State con- stitution as well as the constitution of the United States, by restraining the people in their religious observances, and their healthful re- creation and amusements. For these laws the Puritanical republican party are responsible. But as the election approaches we would not be surprised if, under the pressure of popular indignation, they would try to back out of their position on these questions, or try to explain it away, or perhaps get some bogus Germans to come out and defend their action and pass resolutions In favor of Sunday laws against lager bier and the innocent enjoyments of the people. If any persons professing to be Germans should be found to do this, they may be safely set down as not the genuine metal, but spurious raps, such as are nailed to a coun- ter. But it is quite likely that the trick will be attempted, in order to break the force of the strong feeling among the German population— an orderly class of citizens, who justly appre- clate their rights, “and knowing dare main- tain.” Some twenty years ago the fanatics tried to stop the Sunday mail trains till their attempts were pronounced unconstitutional, and they actually succeeded in stop ping Sunday passenger trains to this day, 80 that the people of the large cities cannot leave their prisons, called “tenement houses,”’ on the Lord's day—tbey can neither go to the German gardens nor to any places of public re- sort in the city, nor can they get to the country to breathe the fresh air and enjoy the works of the Creator's hand. The tendency of this gloomy severity is to break down body and mind—to drive men to secret vices and in- dulgences, for human nature must have play of some kind or other. The Sabbath committees, and the legislators whom they have influenced to perpetuate these odious enactments, know how to indulge them- selves on Sunday, after cheating and lying for the other six days of the week. They can have iz choice wines and brandies, and every lexury, and they can drive where they please in theirs carriages, or with their buggies and fast horses, while the German mechanic is Genied a giass of lager bier, and must vegetate and rot in the fetid at- mosphere of crowded dwellings, musing overs system of politico-religious fanaticism which can pervert American freedom into a despotism unknown in any other part of Chris- tendom. ‘The fanatics claim that their Puritanical ob- servance of Sunday is essential to public morality. It Is sapping the foundations of morality, public virtue and religon iteelf. As one fact ts worth « thousand arguments, we would refer the reader to the history of Rhode Island, the only one of the colonies of British America in which civil and religtous liberty In its fullest sense was proclaimed and carried out. It was the only colony in which there ‘was no compulsory observance of the Sabbath, and it was the most free from crime of all the colonies, maintained public order, and was ex- empt from the horrors of war, while the other settlements were decimated by the Indians, who bad been provoked to reprisals LE SHEET. by the cruel and fanatical spirit of Puri tan zeal. All this time the people of Rhode Island were on the most friendly terms with the Narragansett Indians. Such is the difference as ascertained by experience between the two systems; and it is the same everywhere. Wherever in Kurope the Sabbath is regarded as @ day of recreation and 4 civil institution, there the people are most happy, and there is less of degrading vice and crime. On the contrary, wterever it is enforced as an ecclesiastical or religious observance, there immorality most abounds. The question for us now is, whether a com- pulsory system of religion shall any longer be tolerated among a free people. Now is the time for all who are of a liberal mind and value the blessings of civil and religious liberty to look sharp after the candidates for the Legia- lature, and allow no man to go there who ia not pledged to the repeal of the Sunday laws, and to oppose all sumptuary enactments as in- consistent with the genius of our institutions and the rights of free citizens. European Politics and American Com- merce. The aspect of affairs in Europe at the present moment is dark and threatening,.and portends results which may make a material impression on the commercial interests of the United States. The political condition of Europe affects the commercial barometer of this country in a marked and important manner; our entire trade and commerce feels the influence of war or revolution on the European Continent, and some branches of course more particularly than others. While one branch of American commerce may receive an unusual impetus from a European ibroglio, such as our breadstuffs or our shipping trade, others may be considera- bly depressed from the same cause. We know that the war in the Crimea, and the more recent Italian war, advanced our trade in grain and ocean transportation to a very great extent, because, in the former instance, the Russian ports no longer sent their supply of wheat to the European market, while, in both cases, aa in all great wars, millions of men—consumers and non-producers—were in the field and had to be fed, while the land was left unfruitful at home. But it cannot be oyerlooked that upon the proper understanding of the political con- dition of Europe and the foresight and wisdom with which future events are provided for, de- pend the question whether it shall result in prosperity or disaster—in fortunes realized or fortunes lost. The prospect of a short crop in Europe this season has led already to an unusually large shipment of breadstuffs from this country; more recent reports, however, represent a brighter state of affairs there than was anticipated, and it may be that the outbreak of revolution, or a general war, which now menace the nations of Soutbern and Central Europe, should they occur, will prove the means of saving from ruin those parties who have exported Ameri- can grain and flour in large quantities. The quotations of the New York Stock Ex- change for some time past evince an undue speculation, based upon the abundance of our Western harvests and the falling off of the crops in Europe, which cannot fail to end disastrous- ly for many, unless things in Wall street are speedily reduced to their proper level. Rail- road etocks, as we have seen, have advanced from fifty to a hundred, and in some cases five hundred per cent, on the strength of the profits which Western roads are expected to yield in the transportation of grain. This is a fallacy. There is nothing in the commercial condition of the country, or of the world, at the present time, to warrant any such extravagant advance as this; but the truth is that there is a plethora of money in the banks, and speculators have been using it in this way. It will strike any one as irrational that one year’s good crop. even with the addition of a dearth, or a war in Europe, could justify such an upward leap in the value of stock im railroads whose credit heretofore stood at the very lowest ebb, whose profits were »i, and whose mismanagement in many cases was notorious. The fact is that the whole condition of the stock market lately, in this respect, has been the result of speculation, and very dangerous speculation at that. Our merchants and bankers and financiers should study well the present condition of European affairs, and endeavor to comprehend their bearing upon the commercial Interests of this country. The exercise of a little prudence at this critical juncture may save us from « disastrous revulsion in the future, and that future may not be far distant. It depends upon ourselves whether we shall reap harvest of good or of evil from the events in Europe, of which the signs of the times are portentous. Tue Protace Qcestion.—We have received & communication on this subject, which will be found in another column, by which it appears that a controversy has arisen between one of our old pilots and the Board known as the Pi- lot Commissioners. These Pilot Commissioners are appointed by the Chamber of Commerce and the Board of Underwriters, by authority of a State law of 1852 and 1557, which by the way, ignores the law of Congress passed in 1887, But in this Board of Commissioners the pilots, who are as deeply interested as anybody else, have no representation at all, and they are consequently completely under the contro! of the five Commissioners, who can do just a» they please, It appears, however, that out of the hundred and fifteen or hundred and twenty pilots of this port, John Maginn, who is a sturdy and resolute man, bas rebelled against the pro- ceedings of the Commissioners, and many of the merchants, who are under the same absolute authority of which Maginn complains, as to the outward and inward movements of their ves- tels, have also determined to rebel and to sus- tain this aggrieved pilot. Toe result is that the Commissioners have revoked the license of Jobn Maginn, and, according to their views, he ie now quite unfit to navi gate a ship or perform the sccustemed duties of bis profession. Now, this is all wrong. The action of the Board of Commis- stoners has not and cannot in any manner io validate the capacity of Mr. Maginn. His akfll, intelligence. sobriety and general fitness for the office he bas filled so long still remain as his strongest diploma or certificate of right to dis- charge his lawful calling. The mere parch- ment that the Commissioners bave withdrawn from him ought not to be the means of depriy- ing an bonest man of his means of living, and something should be done to connMract this absolute power of the Gommissic ners by the Chamber of Commerce or the “soard of Under- writers. Massacavserrs axp Hex Foous Pourri- ctays.—It is pretty generally conceded that, without a perfect coalition among all the con- servative elements of Massachusetts opposed te Lincoln, they are simply setting themselves up like ten pins for the amusement of the republi- can bowlers. And yet we find these conserva- tive elements of the old Bay State divided into three different parties, and eupporting three different tickets, thus making a fair opening for a sweeping republican triumph, even if that party represented less than half the popular vote. But to make these divisions of the anti-re- publican forces atill more ridiculous, they have been blazoned to the world with all the pomp and circumstaace of prodigious rati- fications, remarkable only for a vast amount of verbiage and old party rubbish, and “sound and fury, signifying nothing.” At the late Breckinridge ratification meeting ia Tremont Temple the orators were Mr. Benja- min F. Hallett, the old platform builder of the democratic party, and Gen. Caleb Cushing, the man of many acquirements, of whom it will probably be said hereafter, as of Goldsmith's village schoolmaster, that— ——— Still the wonder grew . ‘That one small bead ehould carry all he knew. And yet from neither of these veteran poli- ticians, who have grown gray and bald, and fat and foolish, from the epoils of their pre- fessions s3 party leaders, can we obtain a sin- gle practical euggestion of any value to the common cause against the black republicans. Mr. Hallett exposes the fallacies of squatter sovereignty, the follies of the democratic poli- ticians, and all that; but he has nothing better to recommend than his cld worm eaten, worm out and broken down platforms of democratic principles. General Cushing looks over the field of battle with hia spyglass, and substam- tially tells us that Douglas will not get a single Southern electoral vote, except, perhaps, from Missouri; that of himself he will not get a soli- tery Northern vote; that he has no more chance of an election, ia sny event, than the man im the moon; that John Bell is of no account; that Mr. Breckinridge will probably carry the entire South, in which event he will only re- quire thirty-two Northern electoral votes to make him our next President; and that, conse- quently, the only way to defeat Lincolm is to unite upon Breckinridge. And this is all that General Cushing can do for the crisis, the man who has belonged to every great poli- tical party of the last forty years, who has travelled round the world, and who knows something even of the Chinese languages and of the party politics involved in the great Chinese revolution. We next come to the late great Union ratifi. cation meeting in Boston of the Bell-Everett party, at which those distinguished politicians, Robert C. Wiathrop, Geo. T. Curtis and Richard S. Fay, were the epeakers. And what have they to recommend? Mr. Fay recommends the constitution. Wise man, that. Mr. Curtis discusses the Dred Scott decision, New Mexico, his own consistency, and holds that “the de- mocratic party has lost the power of being use- ful to the country.” Mr. Winthrop glorifies the Bell and Everett ticket, and will be happy to support it, hit or miss. And this is the best that we can obtain from these three great guns of the Massachusetts Bell-Everett faction. The Douglas faction stick to squatter sove- reignty, the Little Giant, and the regular de- mocratic nomination, as they call it, and denounce all bolters and disunionists, and they work as if Mr. Douglas were really running with some hope, somehow, somewhere, of some possfbility of his election. And these are the ways and means adopted in Massa- chusetts by the several factions concerned to prevent the federal government from falling under the control of a sectional party, pledged and fanatically devoted to their “one idea” of the suppression of Southern slavery and the slave power, peace or war. ‘The truth is that Hallett, Cushing, Wicthrop, Curtis, and a}! such old tinkering and fiddling party politicians, are unequal to this crisis. They cannot see beyond their noses. Asa horse that has been stiffened up by hard service be- fore an omnibus makes a sorry hunter, so the mere old party caucus politician, in the work of a political revolution, is sure to founder and stick in the hedges or ditches of his old party principles or prejudices. And such are these old Massachusetts politicians and the journals and factions with which they are associated. They are blind as owls in the sun. Each of these little Massachusetts factions has a little world of its own, and each is a sort of mutual admiration society for the benefit of its lead- ing members. Fools can be found to follow avd worship anything: but the most consum- mate donkeys are those who follow the silly leaders of such little political factions as these of Mazeachusetis, in the hope that, by-and-by, “something may turn up.” There is no hope, looking to the result of this Presidential election, to any faction or any party, in any quarter, cpposed to Lincoln, ex- cept from (be simple, ocmmon sense policy of a common cause among them all against him. Had the servers! cliques and their managing politicians In Massachusetts concerned adopted this policy in seascn, they might have shaken the nigger—the republican idol—from his pe- desta! in their owa State, and they would surely have given a powerful lift to the Union cause in other States. But with euch twaddling, old fogy, antediluvian newspaper organs as the Boston Post and the Courier, and with such old, stiff jointed party treadmill hacks as Hallett, Cusbing and Winthrop, the Union elements of Maseachusetts are now ft subjects for the pas- time of the abolitfonists and the derision of all eensible, practical men . Tor Cazvatten Wixorr Aomoao.—The blua- dering correspondents cf the prcvincial press, who lately located the Chovalier Wikof at the St. Denis Hotel, in this city, will be charmed to learn that that wel! known philosophes, philan- thropist, diplomat and !!'cra!evr is at present in Lon@on, surveying Bcropean offatcs with hie usual serenity. sunning Simself (when thore isa any sun, which fs nct ofteg) in the fasbionaVie parks and promenaies, entertataing the aristo- cratic reunicns of Be}zravia wish bia delightful conversaticon! powers, and working steadily at bis new beck, the appearance of which is awaited with pleasing anxiety by the literary and fashionable weld. The forthcoming bree’ wre will be, we under- stand, afer the manner of personal reminis- cencea~political, octal and artistic. In bis time the Chewnller has seen all sorts of society, nod bas been mixed up with all sorts of people, | from the President or (he Premier down to the