The New York Herald Newspaper, August 25, 1860, Page 1

WHOLE NO. 8752. OUR CENTRAL GOLD REGION. of the Pike's Peak Mining Districts. istary of the Gold Discovery and of the Operations of the Last fwe Years. Description of the Mines---Quartz Mines and Piacers. ‘The Rocky Mountain Crop of 1859-60. Gold Developement of Towns---Trad: Social and Political Life. Denver City, Golden City, Boulder City and Colorado City. (LIMATE AND AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES, &., &e. &o, Our Denver City Correspondence. Dexver Crrr, August 1, 1860. The Past and Present of the Pike's Peak Gold Regions. Although nearly two years have already elapsid siace ‘the fact of the existence of precious metals in the Rocky Mountaing first became known, incoberent aad incomplate ‘aformation, conveyed in sporadic newspaper correspou- only has thus far reached the public of the East in Fegard to the newly opened Dorado, The subjoiaed com- Piletion of all the fasts in relation to its discovery aad @ubsequent developement, together with a detailed de for) tion of its mines and towns, climate aod agricultural vreaquroes, way therefore not prove unwelcome Ww tne feaders of the Hxxaip. It is certainly the most compro- Qeusive and accurate account of the past and preseat of ‘She Pike’s Peak gold regions ever published ia any Eastern jourpal— G.—BIeTORY OF THE DISCOVERY AND GRADUAL DEVELOPRMENE (OF THR GOLD MINES ‘The eastern and western slopes of the Rocky Mountaius “pave been the theatre of the exploits of A iglo American ex plorers, traders and bunters ever since the latter part of the ast copwury. But, although mineral treasures were fvund By them in various portions of the present Territory of ‘New Mexico. it does not appear that either gold or any ther precious minerals were discovered worth of the ‘Deadwaters of the arkansas river until a very roceat @ate. Is is true, vague rumors and hearsay tales have, from immemo: ial times, aourished @ belief in, rather thio Spread a knowledge of , the prevalence of gold ia the more portbernly part of the rages of the Rocky Mouatalns, Omng the migratory inbabitants of the far West. But orrect and substantial evidence of that supposed fe « wan cot obtained autil aboat twelve years ago. Ia + Bummer OF 1448 & PATLY oF Laerunces wocidwDtally fad eome smal) pieces of quarts roct, sudded wits 8 1d, op the banke of the Cache la Poudre, a western th.- Datary of the South Platte. Iv 1849 & hunting expedition of members of the sane Cibe resulted in a similar dis- govery ww the same vicinity, Neituer the origiaal yor smubsequent discoverers made, however, any attempt at ‘Bysvematic prosycoting or mining. Op their revurn to the Indian territory they freely relat- @4 their adventure. The news having roasbed some for- mer resioents Of the Georgia gold regions who bat eetued in tbe Cherokee couutry, it was communicated by them to friends in their wative State. Among others, it was earned by Green Rusaei!, now koown as the discoverer of the eo called “Russell's diggings.” He coucluded at ouce to visit the reputed gold country. Adverve circumstances ‘prevented, however, bis departure until the spring of 1858, when he undertook to joursey over the Arkansas route, in company with his two brothers wad a large party of practical Georgia miners. During the spring of 1854, Fali-Leaf,a Delaware Indian, Qppeared in the Kaunas town of Lawrence with r sual! quantity of scale gold, which he claimed w hare found while bunting oo the sources of the South Putte, His story forthwith produced excitement, aud caused the or- ganization and departure jor “Pike's Peak”? of « nume- gous party in the month of June, They reacbod the base Of the Peak ip the ater part of July, and prospocted the various @treams tust wash it. Not fading, nowovir, say thing of av encouraging character, they turued south- ward, but, oa heariug Wwe uews of the presence of Green ‘Puseo!i's party in the South Piatte country, retraced their tops and took up permaneut camping grounds Qear tbe functieo of the South Piatte wad Cherry oreek. Green Russell and his followers had foilowed up ta the feantime the South Patte to ite sources in the South ‘Park, explored several of its tributaries, and untformly found gold, but not in euch quaatities as would bave ja- fetfiead prowacted operations. afer sa excursion in a @orthern direction w tke Dase of the Biack Hails, tbe reun- ponies of his party joived the Lawrence compauy in their Camp om the Suuth Mistte, near the present site of Deuver pay ‘Thi was in September. Shortly afterwards some Io Gian waders moved their goods and chattels to the left Dank of Cherry creek, imme liately below its mouth, and Were jowwed by the Lawrence and Georgia gold haulers. ‘The news of the Geparture of several expeditions in ‘pearob of gold along tbe base of wud in the Rucky Muun- ‘Seing made « profound sensation in the Missour) river downs, aod in the mooths of September and Uotober the incipient gold fever Gret became mauifest Dy the o Oarkaston for the sayposed new Dorade of Bamervus par- ties from Kansas City, Leaveuworth, St. Joseph, atcal- fon, Nebraska City, Omana and Council Bluffs Un their farrital on Cherry creek they mostly commenced maui nu ating the sand aud gravel of ite ved and banks wituout delay. Bot, although the “color was raised,” as the mining phrewe ruve, their experience Byeedily cvati-met {hat of Weir prodeosaors, viz-—tAt payiag deposits oi gold Were not to de looked for at the base of the mean- fainn, but in toe mountaias themselves, Impeocirable @ thoy apparently promised to beoome jor many matos ‘by the rapid approuch of the wiuter season, the dual 6% Yon of ths question of the existence of gold ia paying Qosuiitics in the Rocsy Mountains bad evidently Ww de eferred until the comlug epring Inston of gold digging, the favorite Anglo-American of town making was now resorted to. Town ait © mere taken up ov botb the left aud rigat bank of Cherry grock, That oa toe left was called Auraria, and that ou tbe right Denver City ‘On the Ist of Door mber, 1863, the aggregate number of the smttiors on Chorry crovk war about three beadred. It va. fied bout litte during the following winter, the orrivals Grom and departures for the East beiug Dut few. ‘The winter months were priucipally devuted to the erection of log Soutes and other improvements by the pone gold hunters, But little was duae in the way 0 along the banks of the South Platte and Cnerry a ee tneideptal to their inotated position in ac un. Prien. ldernese more wlorable, March the tw the ‘veo in the latter daye of A come @ 3 pri few only ventured op ‘the valloys of Vasquos or Arar aud &t, Vraiu's of Bouidor . MORNING EDITION-SATURDAY, AUGUST 25, 1860,-TRIPLE SHEET, reeks both tributaries of the South Platte, Issuing about Aifieen miles apart wt they actually succeeded in finding gold wu and Of those two streams aud toelr branches, taereby verity- ing © some extent the theory of the prevalence ef large deposite of gold bigh up iv the mounia.us But the con- Tinuation of frosty aud snow, aud the scarcity and dear. nese of provisions, preveuted’ the regular workiug of the newly Gikcovered placers in those caya,and hence the bggregate result Was LOL Very encouraging. A prepared a8 the majority of the spring's (mmigration were fora protracted gold buvt to the mountains, the coming certainty of such goon produced despondeucy aud even despair A regular panic sued, and fur &long while tae exodus continnad in suc proporhons as to promise the entire abandoument of tue coun try in & Tow days, Provieeoce, however, had Cecroed it otherwise. On the lth of May Jobu H Grogory, the tree brothers Defrees (uephewe of the well known ladiaun politician), and several others, while prospecting along the ‘North Fork of Vasquez or Arar creek, had their attention attracted by streake of quartz extending over the mountaws that bordered the valley. Taey opened ove of the veins, and after removing tue rock 10 the depth of several feet, struck # cavity contaluing & dirtiike subsiance, a pay fll of whien yielded four aoe larson beivg washed. In view of this startliag fact they could well exetaim, “Eureka! Bureka!’” and the ecoo they elicited from the mass of goid hunters that were, like themselves, ripping open the mountains in quest gold, did vot fail lo prove that the importance of their discovery—the turning point in the history of ths de- velopement Of the goid deids of the Rocky Mountsias— Wue at Chee receguized In lese than three weeks after tueir lucky strike, at least Ive thousand buman veiugs bad crowded, with wagous and draft suimais, into waat Was thececforth Known us “Gregory’s Diggings.”’ Prog pecting holes were dug everywhere. The quartz veis, thist fairly checker the Sides end sumauits of the moun tains of vicinity, were openea by the dozen; sluices wppeared at ail points of the naccow valley; tents aud Pine buts Hterally dotted the mining grousd. Io short, the peoulur stir and bustle of « guld mtaing coamuatty mace themselves quickly felt in the very floart of tbe Rocky Mountains Ol the thousands that bad crammed into the Gregory gulch up to the latter pari of June, but few, uowever, rewized their expectations. the wuth wag, | atof the nnUmeradle quartz becs of the Gregory dig sings, only a rpail umber cuntaiwed quartz iu by Adve cet a Btate Of decomposition ws vo render success, by tbe simple process of pauinng aud sluicing, possible. Tue preva- lence of quariz 6o Twiy decomposed us to a! ow the sepa Tutiop of gold Without the aid of machinery was a pecu Mwrity of bait a dozen leade cul The owaers of these mece enormous wages, while thee thal encouutered nothing but the solid, stubvern, primitive rook, did uot secure enough to poy for the sharpening of their picks. most of the anucky gold hunters som tired of thei? | fruitiess struggles with the unyielding rook of the veiws | they bad opened, and veivg loth to try their pieks aad | sbcvels in other guiches, deteruined Ww leaye the Gregory mives abd return to the Mates, ‘Durivg the latter part of June and the entire month of July a crowa of cisgusted gold seekers passed daily through Denver on their way to the Missouri river, But not ai! of the ansuccess/ul vues j>ined tm the retro- Grade movements. Many, perceiving tho scnselessness Of leaving she country aller the trial of a few days or Werks Ghly, determine! W prOspest tae civuataius aud guicbes avjoinwy the Gregory mines. Green Russell ted the Van, aud alter w few days’ prospecting struck a placer ip # guich, about turee miles goato of Gregory's. Han- reds of prospecters gradually followed bas exa.aple, aud Ube guich iw Which he Lad rst found gold was uamed |e tfler Lim, and Laut, with all other valieys, ravines, dells, gindes, gens, Ac., &c., extending south and west of Gregory's, aNd Covering aD area Gl peruaps ton equace miks, be ame tie dicids of tho labors of miuors aifc oaily furnusbed better evidence of the uaueral woulth of the Rocky Sour tains. ‘The mamigranis that had jeft the States, in conse- quence Of the Lews of the discovery uf the Grogory dig: gigs, aud arrived in the gold regions ir aud August, Deuriy ull repaired to the game regivn, towards the Close OF The M.wihg bewsOu thousands har found lucrative empioy ment within it, while but a few poudred remain. ed ui the Gregory mines engaged ia cing Whatover pelvers eG gola bearing quarts they were able to obtain om the mivre favurea beds, Reierence has already boon made to the fect, that ia the movth of Apr many prospectors bad ventured up Vasquez Fork or Arar creek, aud st. Vrain'’s Fork or Boulder creek, aod aiscoverca guid ia the bauke and beds Of tuose #treatas Slusuttiueously with Gregory’s strike, placers Were, Indeed, opened at Various poiuts ‘along the pouk fork of Varques or Arar creck “ee mics be- cawe severaily koown as Jackson's, the Spanish, Ubi- cago, Union aud other They wi ated frow SIX LO Lem miler South Oo ‘ Moone omnia cry ay Laer u) We summer many reterned, however, w Weir old mw ing ground end conuaued working it the close Of the seasva Tue oiggivgs opened ip the early spring on St. Vrain’s or Boulder creek, aud several of ite branches were wo.ked by but a imited number of miuers during Une just 6ea- were of a Seauty degeription, pud eon, The * places’ the quartz Velus discovered ia the same region, aleiniugh wurlierous, did not yield * play airt,”’ aud bonce could nut be made avaiabic for want of macuinery The last men- tioued ciggivgs are from tifveen to twenty-five miles uorth CoGregery's, bd about twenty milus south of the base of Long's Peak. trig the mouth of July parties of more than ordi- ary bCidues? and adveuturcsume disposition extended tooir prospecting expeditions to the very crost of tae bes arte secon ar ooo ceca rated iu sgrte Of the 6! several etn uri bands of Ciab Indians. . a Over ou Une Lead watare of Green river they continued ins southerly direction, recrossed the dividing raage, an. doally Gesceuded juto the south Park. 0a bese waters of tbe Suuth Platte, they found traces of gold, stoked off claims, aud commenced mining im regular style, Parties despighea to Denver for supplies having made ths discovery known, the exciting pews was raptily Oimerinated throughout the sottameuta, on the Plaias, And the vid digtings. Thousauds hurried to the new mining ground, povaing dauntea by the wearitoe moun- win jonruey Of a hundred miles. But ou their arrival they Iound tat the accounts whieh bad led them to un- derleke tbe tri were mostly grows exaggerations. A few w be domg well, but the vast majority were stil searching for aud bad already found guid. As usual, extravagaut expectations soca gave Way to un- warrat tod despoudency, and large numbers Poot left in Giggust, Many remamed, novertaciess, and Poe | DaLeged to co well. Mining was coutinaed in We Suut Park, or tarryall diegine, wetil tate im the fall From the South é many of the disa,yointed bupiers salied forth ge They crossed we ravge dav the “waters the Syath Platte frem Ubuse of the Cviorado of the West, siter journeying snd obtained “color” on ‘ery of Grand river, ove of the two main bravches of the Colorado of the West Mining operations wore forthwith retarded by the in- acy of the evpply of tools, provisions, &o , But thew In Ootover several Dundred men were fairiy at work in the ‘Bar river dig- Bias, Situated 90 to 100 Miles RoUta west of Leuver. Duriog the summer the impression prevailed in the Ad oo that the tupposed rigor of the climate would ribg the Mining Season to @ Clogs as Carly as September, Contrary to exportation the continued, howerer, eurprivingly mild during the entire fail, with the excep ion of afew stormy days and snow faite of enort dara- ton. A regular Indian summer dehguted the miners until late in Newember. On the 4th of December a cold snap of Arete inte naenens ort in, ana from that day placer digging at least war abande ir Get der the mioers commenced embarking for tbeir old umes a the East, where they were snxiwux to spood the winter. [he travel towards tho States oa in crenred af the season advanced, acd ov the 1st of No- ‘yeu. Ler, of the five thouraed miners tbat were at work io the mantauns om Wo let of September, but avout two Ab urand reales (OF these, many tore retreated to the tow ‘ing No- vember, Qvite a number, peverthelvas, ovo! to the Mines oth ob the eastern and western slope during the e.tire winter, ‘The commuaication between the and adjoining mines, and the mttlements at the bare of the mountaian, wan at co time interrupted drring tho past \ ater, nor wee the Wather in the wountaiag ever 80 rigoroas as to become # fource of hardabip Thune t wintered in the Tarryall and Blar river Agging®, wowever, were cut uf from all intersurse with the trite apd towns of the eastern Flops fr many weets, w cons quence of the deep eacws on the dividing rat zee. uupvely, they had been ations enough to nA ry liberal etpply of provisions and erect comfortable log bouses, ®) tat they aid pot suffer by their isolation. Io the way of ming hardly anything was done caring the winter lo the South Park and ou the Blar, In the mines of the Exstera slope the arrival and eree- tion im October and Novem er of three sieam quarts mills cused & continuation ever UW condition of the the reck bad to be up unused, iu expectation of the arrival of additional ones ix tbe apring. Both in the towne and mines the # inter of 1850-00 was whiled .way by the inhabitants as best they could. the miners particulariy were impatient of this !: -olantary idlences, and eagerly awaited the reappear nce of the warm eesop, But wey Nd was | Deoember, Jan aud wd April brougnt winds and snow fh! von of min gies imporetb!s. aptil late ty that mia! ow less by Gite and starts ou the Eastern slo the Western, minera had to conteyt 1 ‘work even antil the frat day of June Late in April quite an excitemect, produced by the ews of rich discoveries on the her waters of the Ar. | contained pulverized rock kansas, Suy oteeded the Cage = wap Bae that hed | ptoms of gold. It was out o! ‘The fact of the ex nase of the highest range; yet | | MAP OF TH yd stampede flaally | of queria quars7iag whee weatber permitted The quills proved, however, very ureatirfectory, and most of OUR MIDD: ‘i she Beg ATERS 01K The dark tiny — AUR FEROUS REGION. B PiIKB'S PHAK GOLD DISTRICTS. — oaty Ma eteuy MbMgrapts arrived #in.° ‘ue Bt of Fel 5 : Of this uaultitude abou! twenty thousand invaded th ‘old min 8, extending trom near the base of Loug’s leak t» the eouth fork of Clear creek Those that cama» prov: Ged with quartz milis nearly all locates in tae Gregory and bape eyes wad busied themselves with the erection of ar erusbers. Many scquired latervets or found empio) ment 1a the placers and quartz uflues 0) vod last year, while thousands 82 out in of new dig pu in the mnumerable unexplored valieye aad itch tervening between St. Vrain’s and Vax ‘The belk of this spring's and sutamer's imuigr: mage, however, for the Tarryall aud B ue river diggingy aud the newly discovered minus ou the head wators of te Arkansas. countess tributaries of the Grand ane Green rivers on the Western slope aud the source of the ‘South Platte and Arkangas are at present fairly line 1 wit mivers ano prospectors. The lovely valleys, the {lyllic giades, Soney oe precipitous canons, the daré, ee cluded ravines of all that region resound with the axe, the pick apd the shove! The lofty ridges thas divide the Water systems of the two slopes all bear the inarks of ia Consunt Lravei—in fine, the seltich energy, the intatiahle , the nervous restleseness that al as charact+r ize life in’ a gold country, are everywhere display ec le that mighty wouniain world, whose primitive eolitade Dut weeks ogo was vroken > only by the way whoop of red-ekinued savages and tbe crack of tae waite brwter’s rile, AS to the result of the efforts of the fy thousand miners and prospecters that have for some weeks beeu engaged in allempis to cisembowel tho vey Mountains of their golden wealth, {t ts already evi hat the govt hunters experience in thi Durado’ im not itely (0 vary from the truths ertablisbed by the history of Califeruia ed Australia. Howercr vealous cod Constant their wooing of blind For*une may be, disappolutment anp-ars to await the larger uumber, Che fui that many arc ob taining 4 Fatuefactory, and ‘n some iostar %¢ even 4 mar- Vellovs reward of the Iahbors w the mines, ceanot he well denied. On the headwaters of the Arkansas, eape cially, au vnusvally rich barvest ts being reaped by not few. But of ali thego that uave ipyesies in the lotter) of @ gold hunt w the Rocay Mountains, at Last nine oat of every ten will draw blanks. This conviction appeare, tu deed, t bave aireasy peitind fo the minds of mange Tue BumIerous Wagous thal 2ow daily pare throggh Denver, % route tor Eat, gove evidenor of this fact. Of those that appear to be doomed to bi ser digappowmt Eb, Lone Wil be more seVErciy Visited thav the owner of quartz cruaberr §=Fren at this carly momont, it ma, de ewsiered certalu that at least four ttuns of thes. 1U prove disastrous to these that brought them out, Some ferty odd have been ereoted during the laet tix week#, while pee: ly # hundred more are abomt boing A up ia the Gremor, and Adjacent mins Of the former ut four have thus far proved remunerative to their oepers. A few more aro just paying expenser, while ‘most are producing pothing at nil. ‘This ciscourrcing fact i dre partly t the imperfection of the machinery, wad party t the ignorauce of thar engaged ip these ‘mechanical ventures in regard to the proper modus operandi. Mewy contend ato that. the queria rock dove not by fur prove ra rich ax it was sup ed to be However this may be, evory intelligen! mlat thie region is now cont locod that quariz miners aod mei- ters of the Rocky Mountalag wi! fare no better than the pio: neers ip the same busts ens In Californin, Youre of expen five and freouontiy fatal exp rimec wan the tot of pearly all there, sud here things bid fair to tak torn. Tt wou! be vain to [udnlge im any more or Ines positive clctions as 6 the prebadle fatare of this inne of gold. Pvery thing te ae yet ib Ro crude and unsettled @ condition that apy deduite premunptiona to that dirertion wonld b postereus. Bus whether, of those vow engaged ie gole Posting, only one out of every twenty of ten, or five be likely to do well or pot, It 1s nevertheless, cortain, be yond all gainsay, Chat the pay leg mluee dusoovered ap te ibis day are extereire enough to Feovre ihe vermavent bettioment of & mining community half way between the Atlantic sud Pacific oceans—a fact woich bar be lowked UPON AA & providentia interference in behalf of the great patioonl project, the construction of the Pacific Rattrosd. LL —DESORIPTION OF 14% MINRI—1. QUACT: Mink, 2 PLACRRA. QUARTE MUNI, Gold is found te the Rooky Mou v9 in two Mtates, which, althongh seemingly revealing some heterogeneous features can tn reality be traced to 9 yormmon source—the “mother cf gold,’ the quarts rock, In Ite Grat gudiorigwal #tate the golt appears embedded An veine oF lodes of qnarty rock, running th every poratbl direction ever the sites and eummite (f moustains ae wa! ae across interreaing ynileys and gulehes ‘The length of there veiss If notuniform. Bome extend Dat for tew, others for hundreds of yards Their width ‘varies from afew inober t toveral fect. As to their ver. tea) extent but cm Seeturer cold thus far be formed Many have tyen traced by dint of shafts to @ depen o from fifty to reventy feet without dimovering any Rigns of Dm itation. ‘The rock of the d\Terent veins 's almort oniformly foun) | jn amore or ieee advance? tate of decomposition, 1 hardly ever har ite original Minty charnower, feavore of pyme of the vein opened in the ANE Minee Inst RORRON waa the avpear Be npn with the « “that the known io the gol dortngthe | evormous yiel4s that outshone snything inter months Theretotore the bolief was that California, and Che reality of which wae doubted *o ioug Erase, bow sources of the and dieproved this erroneous supposition. Already in February the re between the gold re. | veins to realize one bundre’t ponnyweights aod eo per gions and the Missouri river, bb ad greatly futon off | day to every baud, Unfortnnately, Lowever, these dur! December and January, experienced a con. | crevices proved apomalica that appeared in # compara siderable increase. In March tho numerical tively emall number of claims only, and even ia those of the omigration foreshado vastors of | not the coming tide, In April the géd-thirsty, eager tel fome weeks immenre dally wagne to new comers could already be courted by the thousands, their owners, the “crevicos” unerpectwily commented | From the Ist of May myriads lan‘ed weekly on Cherry narrowing, aud finally disappeared altogethar, and wore creek Not lees than seven theasand teams pot wr fgain in spite of the moet diligent efforts ‘arough Denver on thelr way to the mountains a | @aid month, It is, deed, umiyersally belieyyd that Ze Késtern pobirc, were obtained by eluiciog fo many guiches, waened br, tae | fully cetablisted | During first three weeks after the discovery cf the Gregory tolnes, It waa, Indeed, no uncommon thing for ihe owners of tome claime on the original Gregory and a few other Nothing remained then but the stubborn rom, whice | try. Beaenmenry, reaction Os 8 oe Se mines to July, 1850, after « tranmieut tush of unesamy Ld prosperity 1a Juve, was ow ing to this circumstance ‘That there is a vast quantity Se rt eo. tained im the veins discovered aud opened tast.seagon in we Ly ey ~" Nevads aud other guiches op Vas rain quez’s and creeks, bas bevy fully ascertained by the juent tesw of practical miners, as well as by the fow % quartz mills Bow in Operation; but to make ap exact estimate of both the relative aud aggere- gate quantity of guld buried in it, would be se more porsibie than ty state the exact volame of the mountains themsel res tn cabie feet A suppasition, however, that all the quartz of tho mines referred fo is auriferous, ts eatirely unwarrauted ; & & ridiculous faith in the aeiversal richoess of the ruck already causel much aulucky 1) nevertheless, speculation in minwg n only & portion of the veins are bearing, aad thal even to these the gold is not uniformly disuribuvet— & fact which 18 likely to be @ great drawback to sucvesstul quartz mining. One cord of rock may yleld $200, while anotner from the same vein will oot produce $10. PLACERS. To {ts second state the goid of the Rocky Mountains ap- peary in go called piacere; Uhat ia, in scattered aeposits of res mDULdant ADI multilorm particles of gold, griae of aud in the former aod preeent channels of weter courses, The piacere hardly ¢ve mining ground. They are g ovignate ns the “bed rock vini matter. in the placers, as in the quartz veins, the gold is not equally cssiciguled; that te, the tame quaativies of bed 102k hardly eve’ yield the ame percentage of goid, and chus {t heppeus that Claims will hardly ever yteid ‘uni. torwly from day ty day. The plucers of the Rocky Mountains are evidently no primitire creations, but rather the reruit of the chemis tr) ent mechaniem of nature; that is, the action of air eod water tn an undefivet space of time, The particies J gold that constitnte them were originally emorddedga the rock of quarta veins, from which their disintegration abd transpesicton was graduady etlected by the elemen Tho fact that gold- bearing veins have heen discovered tbe Fioinity of nearly all the pincers, and that the placer god frequently intermixed with fragments of quartz, fully suaiasns thir theory. ‘bite in the quartz, the gold usually appears in atoms impeaceptibie to the faked eye, 19 “placer” itis found poth in a dour like furm aed 1 |, eraias aod faggots, reogiog in weight from a few grains t many peouy- weights The inrgest specimens foand up to this time venue from 120 10 170 dws. *Piacers” or “guich dig ginge’’ were dice: vered and worked last summer on the faviern slope on both forks of Arar or Vasquez and xt Vrain'eer: eke and the s many branches. In the South Park, ow the Bive and Arhautus rivers, ylacere”’ only bave thus far Leeuw discovered and worked. Those on ihe bead walere of the lust mentioned river surpass all others as tw richness apd extent ‘Tue quettion whether fhe quartz or placer mines will prove te most picotifel syuree of gold cacnot vow be connitered tolved Tho yield cf the latter is, however, estimated to be Coubie that of tne furmer | Piscer or gulch G\ggtogs certawly alone off sr Opportunities uo the joor mier Quartz mining requires aot ouly experieuce, pot alto consiveral ie omy ital, (a Tite GOLD Cor oF 1860-60—THe MINT YALCE OF THE DISTRRENT KINDS OF GOLD The precise Geure, reprowmnting the tene entue of the gold evop of the Rocky Moontalus up to the preseni time, cabuet pore bry be obta wed, tu Cooseqaence of the trregr urily of the Business relations of the ggid regions. 4c esinpats of ope million of dotlars iF probably wot far from the ‘rach The receipt of Pike's Peak gold at the Uvited states Assay Ofitos in New York, aud the Miat iv Philadel. vhia, execeded $460 000 ou the Ist of July Since then ubont $100,000 worth of dust was shipped Dart by ex- prem, and about 860 000 more went to the States to pri- vawe baud#. As duat forms alawet the only carresey uo til the opening of the assay aud m niing villee of Monsre ark, Gruberd & Co., Leavenworth Oity baukere, wac weued private coin afew days ego, avd ar most miuers Vronght oat complete outfie and ‘sopilice for many mooths, thereby avotdiug the neceasity of buying at dig pricey prevailing heresboute, tt may he mately presumed bet eeveral Dundred thousand domare’ worth of bullion yet retaining 'b the country. The 1 ireet the Philaceiphia Mint, in an official re relative vuluo of Pike's Prak gold, takes the foalem, nuggets, ke. por oar em — $15 *1 i appoaron the surface of the erally (vuod 1a wost miners beneath many feet of allu- Alter MOWINR. cess eee Amalgam — Rofore mowing... after motting. teense . Lows of dirt, &o., ke , equal to 7 per ii Average Sneween, 6540 - “Atmaigem ” i deur gold, t aneea with quicksilver and retorted 11 the retorting t# Winpreperty deus, the imper feet evaprretton of the qelokmiiver prowuces an imyurity of the amaigam and a frequently t discrepancy be torean the pcre weigh aarayed oot Fue The Intermixture of the pacer gold with particles of quarts prods oes the ¢iflerense between the valess before and after reiting ‘The quart? gold cootaing a grenter per contage of silver a0 Ue plecer roid Of Ube «ther, that from the diggiogs in the South ark ef Arkansas i tho purert and most beac {V2 DEVELOMRMRST OF TOWNS—TRADE—SOCIAL AND POUT eat LPR, If the extent of an effet be a good measure of the power of a canme, the epringing up An rapid growth of the towne of the Pike's Penk region certsialy turnieh eveourngiog evidence of the robnest and extant of te minern! reeoorces The towne form, indeed, the miss webder! {features of the newly opened Dorado. In or der to give the readers of the Heaaw a correct i the fegree of devrlopament already attained hy them, a descr ition of the most importan’ ones is subjoined. The Gret in taok paxyan corr, the metropolis and commercia) contr of the entire coun Il extends on the right bank of Uhe South Matte to Gould wot be mUAdE Wy yield te Lrenmures Withows Fae wid of | Uae two nogien Formed by tag river with Geary weer, conmistea Denver Mae Gani of nat dated unoer the common, out dW Bo me: ado me | bame of €x-GOr Uenver, of alien, vee wane Magistrate of Kausas at the Line of their founta- Mi Up the lst of November, 1868, Denver Gity o. vd Op the Lst Of April. 186,the nuw ber of log wractures was About two DUDred, Ou the 186 of september of the same year about twenty five frame houses bad beer aided La Ue followmg three mouths o> least two huudred mere Duriomgs oF the Bame description were erected. lo Octo. ber the fret brik buuse was pod av. The population iad At that time wereased from fee hundred ty april taboud 2.600 permovent reeenws, Ab the preseat momeng Devy-r City cab boust Of wt leash eight hun iret build ga aud wbout 61a Suousund IWbabibends, among thy build ingt are some very large and etytisb briek bicks Bust pees lous tbat # year age would vot bave Brought $66 are now celimg at from $1,000 t $1600 The oumoer of Wholesale and retwi} meres tie bous's ib Bome Bixty odd, aud among these firms, those that value their Kuck Dy teud of thovsanas of doliars wre quite frequent Five private buvking houret have lately opeued mere Che uumber of reridept mechauics is very large A plaving mull wad furniture factory bave (ately been #tarted, aud 4 foundey te about bewg established. Toe mumber of bote's, rea tauranis, rum rhepe, gambling salvoas, coacert halls, Ke, 6) 18 al wonderfully large aud daily inerens. ing Their demoralzing wiuence is thus far altogether unbalanced by that of churches Devver City is the wettern terminus of the passenger Av exprees live of the Ceoval Overiand, Califoruim and Pike’e Pak Express Company. fhe principal office oy Hinckley & Co.’s Muuntau Expreas is also located bare ‘Two daily aud three Ur weekly Stage lines form & regular means Of communication with ibe mtaes aad towus north, west and south. Thousands of immigrants, miaers, traders, Indians, Mexicans, &e, Ao datiy puss brovgt aad visit Deaver City. Tt would be dutioull w tnd & livelier place west of St Lows Two daily and two weekly papers are now puluished bere, the former at tity ceute per week. Denver ity ¢atenuds boub over the bottom and bluffs of the Sourb‘Platte river ts lucution 8 quite picturesque. Its ¢istance from the base of the mounts is about twelve miles, GOLDEN crry ranks next to Denver as eXtent, improvements anc population. It is situated in w beautiul vailey, four teen mules sorthweet of Bepver, on Vasquez river, be tween the first and s-eono runge of mountalus — The Uest boure wax built on the Ist of July, 1659, om the right bavk of the creek. The own now extends Ou Dutt sides aud contais s about theee hundred ava tifty log aud frame houses, iubabited by about ope thousand peopie Two saw mills, @ pumber of Stores and mectavical establish ments and a newstaper office are located here. A very lively trade ts carries op with the regury ‘Aad adjacent we the town being uly tweuty miles owt of them Some good “pacers” have beeu found ou Vasques creek, @ short distance (rom Go'dew Cy. The town is already Surrounded by gurdeus an) etock farms. ROULORE CHY, pext to Denver, the oldest wwu 1a the country, lies about twenty-five miles @ utle West of porta o} thal pice, nese where Bt. Vruiw's creek issue the mountains.” The Boulder mines Derg the poorest worked last season, the It cou tains about uae handreu log and @ few frame Douses at present, COLOKADO Cry, & rapidly improving wwu, led directly at the base of Joke's Peak, about sevevty miles south of Deaver. In November last about # dozen log houses had beew pat ap. Row the number of burluinge exceeds two buudred, among @hich are mauy frame aud BumMeE BLOKE Structures: A wore rowaulic seebery Ubau that of the vieawity cauaut be imagined ‘The celebrated builivg sprivgs ‘are only about a tutte from t we, Maay think that Colorado Will be, before lung, to the southe B mines what Denver ow is bo the country wt large Several saw mills, stures, &e., are located bere. addition to the towns above described , clusters of bog houses bave been culled Loto Exiftence at many points on the plains and tu tbe mines, either by speculation or ae: ceselly, Abd ASSUMEO very pULLpOUS DAMES; aMoUgethem Mountain ana miseour: dines, iu the Gregory district, Breckwmridge, racrament Guy, Uavon Uity in thesouw Park, op the Blue aud arkwusax, are Ube most promiucut, TRADE The trade of the gold regicts comprises for the present cnly the most wuimpersable uecessaries of physical life Gidcenes, provisions, beoIs aud BbOEs, CoMrwE Clo iL, baw, building barowae Qua whiskey, form the principe aruicles of tawe. br) govos, furnishing goods, du cloth ing, fashiovwbse fr uiture, segare, &6 , bave as yet Taileo to tnd reway vals, Groceries aud provisions ol vays rule bigh, i couse QUECHEE UF she Beery oes pcectntin ws qiewen wigint W Leb CeLts per pouon) Aeron the Plains A heavy pro rr from 60 t 200 jar Cont, W realized on most whew {prevent the markes of the gold regions is com Very Hike. Hnamenne quautities of Job BPE HOW Blored EhrougNrut tte Over two thousaud tous of merchandise are ed for nale bere, au amount Which ib Libcly Ww keep prices low tor sume time yeu Many traders trom tne wines wud other Ww us buy their wteck# tu Douver at A ja ge nu ber, however, import them lirocty fom the States, ‘The extabhikbimnent of Keverad deywit and excuange houses, abe of av assay abd gulvting cfllce, Will so U Impart amore reguiates character w the sowewhat coutused commercial relations of the coun! BOCIAL CONDITION. Firet in the gush t» wo 8ly opeoed pro of the far West are always ine vieasy, turous, care for bi * te with wl Vast proportiens aud uulimited freedom of lwecomotivn Abouncs. The gold regiyns form no exception to tis rule Every clase of chevatiers d'industrve is well repre- repted; gamblers, Cyprinus, Drokew-dows yotiticiaas and speculators, und ab) Le wWeans incousuerable spriaksiux of rupaway debwrs aad crimioals, cousts tion of our eostety Of the bier'ng, bioody ruillabe that Aways infest border countries, mauy DAVE Aik semou PIPRLED their presence by depredations apou both the property and the pertons of many of our citizens. The largest part of our population, uevertheless, con. siete of bighly respectable elements. M rebames aud pro- fereional mev of good etaboing, from Leavenworth City, St Joseph, Omaha, Kansas Cry, St Louis Obicago and other Wertero aud Exstern cities, have eettied among us and considerably elevated the wre of Reiety iu the *. Kenerally come from tne sober, judustrious rural districts of the West. A beavy tuflux of the better portion of bumapity during the last fow months aito produced @ greaier refinement of maauera and morals. ‘Of intelleotwal Iife [ittle ie noticeable thas far. Every- body is ton deeply iuterested in material pureuils show inclinations in that direction. Social eujoymeuts are of « ‘tion Only, Balle aud parties constitute igher’ classes, while low Ubeatres, negro , able end gambling form the “fountain otbers. a rer . Fre utter aveence of all awe bas proved « very serious Weonvenienoe until & short time ago The dificult probiem of tbe exitenoe of fifty thousand people, many of whom are affected with ai) the vices of modern civilize top, iW a continued Fale of absolute ararcay, Was in deed very ratifuctorily volved up vo Inat sips then robberies and murders have become uncomfortably frequent, and canted the orgauization of @ vigilaves com mit ee for the more effectual enforcement o, the lynch lowe. minstrels , ra POLITICAL APPATRS. Little bas beep attempted aad «till leas accomplished in the way of pelitice upto tom cay = Lart summer aud tall a few ambitious individuals, assisted by some hmap- Jointed office bunters from: tne Banat, gut up @ BucceERsiON Of faroes ih the #hape of elections. organizacion of veri ment wax first attempted ; several gen elected delegates from “Jefferson” by their reepective frienc®, and mpeot « fraitiose winter in Wasbington ax sorry members of the lobby la Novem ber, welumey machine called the “Proviaiopal Territorial goOveroment” was enceavered W be put tui operation Although «# full set of officers, such aa Governor, ecretery, Treasurer, Auditor, &e, ko, of the Tecritory, jacger, marshals, nod sheriffs, seuators and members ofa lower hours, aud even sevminanders of the ’ were created. tue whole affair proved « complete As soO0 4s (he legislators com nenced VOtiog liberal ealarice to thetselver and other members of the gover! ment, aud endeavored to enforce a tax law for the PayT ody of (he tame, the yoople Cy by rofuning to furnist the for “the waeela of soveroment "At proseat, the « je all but buried ip obliviow, Noone pays aay atteotion to ite mandates ‘The poopie of the gold regions generally expected rome Interference (a their bebsl by Congress, deuny pointes im thelr expectations iv this respect, e{roumptanone will aie AGRCULTIORAL KOT WEIR tie appearance’ of ietlarte theory bave to get along as wei! Vv —cumaTe AND well be formed ot All the nbeer vations, bowever tablish the tact that the clin fe far from being ae in beeprtable and rigotout 98 11 was generally presaned by he. In the winters of 1809-60 the average banger tore was moneb milier thaa is the Weetern states men worked all winter lo the opew wir, with their of and even ia the mountams mau'yutations tbat did cot require the ute of water were camtioued with but temporery ipterraptions. Of tuow, hardly any was seen i the vailey®, while ony thirty-oue inches fell ip the Gregory Cetriet from the Ist of Novem ver, 1890, to the Ist of May , 1860 'oThe eyrk ge proved the moat disagreeable portion of the Chilly Winds, cold raing And enOw BlormDE were ques in the months of March and April. Turing the monthe of May, Jone, July and Aagost, TSS ay utbroken drought oppremed the Piagm. ta the movptal bowever, reine commenced failing (0 July, sec Goourred almost daily in the latter part of tbat tenth aud Acgust, Last year's drought had produced the suppewition that artificial irrigation would be necemary, even for the production of garden tablew, The numerous showers that fell during the expending perioa of thie year, however, went to ove thet a creugbt does pot regularly prevail daring the eumnmer months ‘The Ialis of both 1668 and ‘60 were delightful, although | hte, morpieas aud evenings were rather cool A y and warm sunshine almort invariably chares. te in November. Cif renee bet the temperature of the nights that of the day® it gronter in the gold regione than io more enetoriy latinos, TbAL oh Wee former pontRuES er Renee of two towns. viz: Auraria aad aw | tar Cel eo States matl from the THE NEW YORK HERALD. —— PRICE TWO (€ ENTS. to be fresty until late ip May—in the mo:\atains etd Juter the wo were cou | lovger—sod resumes that churacter as early 4 Septem- { ber. The night air in July and August i aveedngly Pleasant anu refrexbing. Iguorance of the climate of the gold regions, Wad of tbe capacities of their tillable soil, together with tht be- lit of being eble to amass wealth more rapidly by mung than the slow toil of # farmer, baye Dat Ow prevented anything like exteusive end systematic fart we. Stock farms, it is trac, have been started in large* eumbers, the quantity and —— of putritious grassea (™ tbe pladv® abd iu the moupteios promising great re- ws trom pastural pursuits, to all other branches of sculture, however, but Little has been done. Numer- ue Rerorbe dave been opened and planted in the dottomms oF Ube Scuth Platte aed along Vaequez aud other crecias: But although she character of sbeir Erops the ‘bet ue Ww vegetables the capasities FeRIOUS Bre Equus), If Lot auperiog, 1 bbowe of she be ee res me Ruos, the ity produced will be ' OW. Meeting he demand expert or blal pearbes of wheat end berkepr tee alana The “eivereal Beliet ie tbat the late frosts will render at best Uae procure of she former impossible. ' een i loek® well, If the: men! snail seule should prove mucocesfulre targa a ronbtiees be sows dusing the coming fail aad wpring. ; enewe. ‘He prodaction of vot much is expected Of (he gold FORIOF®. A MEAL: quanti verthelea renap been raleeia for uate purpoxe wah ge 7 i #01 OF the gold regivus ik, with the exception 4 hmnited area of Bottom tender ® sandy und ~4 sharacter It is, however, no coarser than that of whe Vatiey of the Rio Grande, Utab, aud evea certain por Lone of France and Germaay, all of which: regions pro- suce Marge grain orups. id the cliomte offer no seroma epsiructions, Ube brghiands along the base of the cky Meruntaiv® will before Joug be made to yield grain pough sor the wavs of the population. “ Dmsvan Cry, August 10, 1860, Mining News— Violence and Retrdnution—State of Morda— A Splendid Wield for Home Missions—Mait Fasilitiam New Passenger and Express Line—Extension of the site sourt Kiver Teleyraph Line to Denver—The People of the Gotd Regivas and the Presidential of Proie—Keported Indian Outrages, de. Te latest accounts from the various mining distriete corth and south are rather discouraging. In the dig- giugé on the beadwaters of the Arkansas, looked epem but msbort time ago ws the richest yet discovered, @ obapge to the worse is already taking place. The pope iution of the California Gulch, that exceeded three thou- sand on the Ist of this mouth, is thinning out at the rate f several bondred per day. Some of the departing gold hunters croes over the ranges to the west and com- ‘wue their prospectiog eforts on the sources of the Kio Grande. The majority, however, make for this potas, «bexce they returu to the States. They report that some of the best plucers on the Arkaasas have suddenly given out Clams tat two weeks ago were held at from $6,008 4 $6,0€0 can now be bought for as mauy hundreds. Iw the Gregory aud adjacent gulches over a husdred quartz wile are now located, but five of which are re jorted t do well. Of these, the mill of Messrs. Shearer & Co, of St Lauis, Reems to succeed best. The owners of the onauccesstul mills are mostly untiring in thelr eflorts w overcome the many difficulties in their way. & xoodly number, however, have already given up expert wevtiug iu disgust, aud #it ia gloomy expectation of some ‘ove that will be green enough to buy them oat. Onss, oud in many lustanvon « great deal lees. is all they aa. Nothing very remarkable seems to be douse in the way of placer oigaing ip any of the old mines The of the Oiggers are vot making over $3 to $4 per daj ‘houraeds, voluntarily or involuntarily, continue an em potiable idleness A weil posted friend, who is just te» trom Gregor’ ’s, juform# me that money, id est, dust, ie om ceeambgly searce, aud that the buik of the miners make Just about enough to meet tbe most urgent physical wants ‘The s4pid Bucceesion of Diooay deeds duriug the weed before last has been followed oy a kiad of moral cal the comparative equayimity, avd even apathy, with which che majority of our citizens lo ked upon the re uted outrages upon botd Iife aud property at lags wey toa upiversal outburst of indignation and Buvitestation of & just spirit of Vengeance, after ‘baw seveu murders bad been ad: ‘ol criminal calep ar of this you hfal commuuity la the course of ope week The desperate atvempt upon the PreeeD Of tbe eaitor of Uae Apcky sountain eroused to 8 omen’ the «specially, premises, aud our heir imperative duty in © feelog on the of iswiessnes je ew such a& to render ready fetribution tw evil doors cotain A uittee for the activa of property and perteus bas been orgauized, and the antivec -operation of be Weallbiest aud most wuelligept members of our com omnity eecured, The energy with waich the cause of pubne security 1s embravet, at least for the present, ie Wel: demonstrated DY bbe faOb that nearly a tvouswnd dob ars but been raised to weoure Lue capture of the despre 2o 41m Gorden, Inte a dentroying auget in Mor kiliea two inotlensive pertoas about two wnoks ago vough eurroupded several times by « number of wal eo pursuers, their cowardice aud stupidity enabled bots We ebospe each tine, He Is known to be making bie way to the clutes over the Southern or Arkansas route, aud, 1m view of this fact, partion were despatched, per express, to the Miskourt river by the Vigiaace Comat tee their matructions are to make, immediately after arriving, ‘or te Santa Fe road, aud take the murderer alive or dead = locapaten of ail relations of life that ‘hiv country extevas pre eminently to the moral restrie ous Baelern euciety tmp ses me te path nah Fu rway i copended by our many tuat men \o their passions. Iueir corrupt impulsee are revealed io gambling helis amd bawoy houses ip broad daylight. There being litte dam - 0 ° nyt by — have as optuion that they ball care about, follow up their vile indulgeness WGK FeRECALME. a Tv tmpy bevevolent Aouls ia your city, that feel exer. ‘eves about the moral status of their fellow mon, I would jeavecatully sggrat tus aad of gold ax a mont in} fiviv of reformatery propaganda we ali bat wiversal tm ere nee bereaboute ws 4 religion and morality i tray vurqgvaied iu aby other Anglo American commanity, Jam think of any thousand descendants of the Puritans, that nave puiiWap ball @ dozen towns but entirely forgotten the erection of & solitary chureh edifice. and yet euah wm the sorry state of things iv this region, where Memmon alone is werebi with anything ike am It w true, maoy clerical gentiemen bave made theif advent and attempted to gather flocks of worshippers. But Uweir exdeavore have thus far ab proved abortive, auc mavy aone of thelr namber caa now be foumd wt tbe mines ib eager pursuit of riches more par: aoersaph ved poly Sony tua those be trast leeely offered to the heediessk wor! of this latitude, Artues bet humorous illustration of the trreligius Ciayow ion oF ‘s coptaiped to Inst week's eum ver of the Western Mountaineer, a weekly, published at Gelven tty. Tt ie io the shape of the following comme- bication— Yo TUE RBLIGIOND EDITOR OF THE wRETEKY wouNT fs m. Jal, Revenexn sin—With all due deference nut re beet we you to mere. t vet, accompaa: of the Christian Ai 25d "Somreck. “pee thn nos hs tori. wo have Grane Grapes” ‘Trusting that you will appreciate the favor we vere respectfully, yours, K. PIERCE & “he. jews . Verily, the zealots that ftched for the conversion af tate Japanere vier ould Gnd ready liom for their cieappoiwtment with the anciviised heathens among our civilized ones For tue lart Uwelve mouths our people did their beat te fecur’ the bevedt of a regular United States mail cones. ton with the States. Last summer the Postmaster de Leral appeared to be disinclined to do anything tn the matier unt: be bed aseertaiged the pleasure of ob the rurject During the last winter, several Interested tm this country | aad more eepecially our 6m tere! wontd be deiegatee, labored aserduously ta W the epectal appropriations aecessary for the of ii 0 a a approyriation of $25 000 for “mail service to aod in Pike's Peak region.” Cecer tbe act tn question, the Poaumaster General ad- for bids twa ty 0 eth ot of the i mpendi {was revived. tore people bad to pay twenty five centa for each Abd ten rr0is for exch DewEpapersthey re sived an E ii ‘tC eorrous burdes on our business men some of the former whose weekly malt bill from $10 to $20 per week, = tax which would if Hotred winlerable even 5y he heavy merchants of your y te Central Overiand Cn y, im the and from upon before ~ | wealthy orporation Ancivagh tee last sectioned Comp } have beet running sean weekly coaches from Omala ty te Fort Kearvey for the leet thres years, toey 4 Wikely ebetaiord tow making the costiy and bg tannt A of aw extention of lines more ascertained. Now, the travel and ite Westncen ia the dircenion of Pike's Peak ie. siren ro DAY) BFL render the encoran of their enterprise more oe ee ee from See, ae ected running * dave He ‘wively s-oared the Sowvrtl of tbo ner went of Denwer early iaet tops throvgbout the mines are pow wo ibatarier to the eastern s z 3 routes about — being wih then have A with the grid fields of How tong wit" be before it will Be ‘aeae to extent the #ommit to the ailver and regions of the Baster ana Western slope of the Sierra Newada ? ‘The question ws Velegraptic qopagrtion with (ue Mie