The New York Herald Newspaper, April 21, 1860, Page 6

6 NEW. YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF NASSAU AND FULTON 8T8. , cash tn advanee. Money sent ety ts cnders” Postage dampe nak File DAILY HERALD too centa per copy, $1 per annum. @ ‘RALD, j, at atce cones: THE WEEKLY HE! every nana oe gomee Per |, OF $3 per < et me cents por copy. #4 per annum fo ary part of reat Brian, doth to includ oatage; the Sekai icon Om the hand WA of wach month a be cents oF BL BO per annum. PEAR LMILY BREALD on Wolncaday, at four cents per 5B PRINTING, executed with neatnet, cheapness and de- patch, ‘ Volume XXV........:-:::::000 seeeceeeeN@e MLE mail will be at the as subscription AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. QXUSIO Fourteenth street.—Irauan Ore Re CT ae or SEVILLE. — Rae GARDEN, Broadway.—EQuestauux PERTORM- Hom, BOWERY THEATER. Bowery.—Nicx oy Tas Woops— BUR Dass moman IIL—Tom Caunaus’s Loa. GARDEN, Broadway, opposite WINTER Bond street.— ~Matinee at One—Luonasta Boroia—Na- Boooo., Brenin OMOMINELLO’S BUOCO Beauty or tam Basst—P ‘Wooua—Lorrery Ticks. s ALLAOK’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Town anp Coun- war-kne on Oune. = KEENE’S THEATRE, 6% Broadway.—Co.nen THEATRE, Bowery.—Rosin Hoop— NEW BOWERY Bawacta Bor— Frisky Cossiex. * ues, BROUGHAM’S THEATRE, 444 Broadway.—Lon- BON AsTRaMCE. /ERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway —Day and ala i Ozans-WiLLow Corsa—Livina Ovmi0es- mus, BRYANT'S MINSTRELS Mechanics’ Hall way.—Buncesques, Sonos, Davces, 40 —Tus 412 Broad- GRR. NIBLO’S SALOON, Broadwsy.—Geo. Cunistr’s Min- press oF Somos, Dances, 3cucesacns, £0.—Werro. MINSTRELS Ut REC! UILDINGS—Boowortu’s vent mR Povar. Bowas, Daxcas, &c —Peres Piven Peri OOOPER INSTITUTE.—Exiwiriow Paurrung or saz Court or Dests—a! NATIONAL COFCERT SALOON, National Theatre — Gongs, Danoms Buaiesquzs a0 . or Prata’s Osicuan fiernooa and Evening. M —Aferzom—Gao. Cuaiaty’s Min. mrnu br emcee sowed, Dundes, ho Disten LAND. OUR PROSPECTS. As the readers of the Hexaup have already ob- perved, we have been compelled for more than a week past to yield to the pressure upon our colamns by publishing a triple sheet every day—an event unparalleled in the history of American jour- Dalism. This fact illustrates two noticeable points— Girst, that a newspaper, to be successful, must keep pace with the events of the day; and second, that the journal which accomplishes this object will in. variably be the medium towards which will con- Centrate not only all the news, but all the advertising which a prosperous commercial community require to keep them well up with the progress of the age. At the present time, not unfréquently from thirty to forty of our columns are daily devoted to the record of events occurring in every part of the Civilized world, while as many more are filled with the business notices, nos only of our own public, but from localities thousands of miles distant, where the. influence of the Hzratp is experienced and Sppreciated. From this latter source alone our receipts last week were over eight thousand dol- lars; and if the business of this department in- Greases in the ratio of the past few months, it will not be long before we shall be compelled to issue a quadruple sheet to accommodate the growing wants of advertisers, The career of a successful newspaper is always the reflex of that of. the com- tounity in which it existe, and in this light no one can look upon the course of the New Yorg Heratp without acknowledging the prog?ess and prosperity of the metropolis. ADVERTISING ON SUNDAYS. The Sunday Herap isnow considered the best advertising medium in the city. Its circulation is larger than that of all the other Sunday papers com- bined. This fact is appreciated by the advertising pubdlic, who see it wherever they go in this city and the surrounding towns. It is not unlikely that we Bhall soon be compelled to publish TrrrLe SHEET Hizaatys on Sundays, as well ason other days. After to-morrow we may be compelled to advance the rates of advertising in the Sunday edition. We shall have to do this or double the size of the Hegrap. The News. Our reports from Charleston state that crowds of delegates were hourly arriving yesterday, and that the excitement was rapidly increasing. The partisans of Douglas were actively canvassing for their favorite, while the prospects of Gen. Lane were decidedly improving. Gen. Cushing, of Mas- Sachusetts, is proposed as President of the Conven- tion. The Chairman of the National Committee had refused tickets of admission to the Convention to the Mozart Hall delegates from New York. It is stated, however, that this course will not be per- Bisted.in, but that both sets of delegates will be admitted to the Convention, until the question of the orthodoxy of the rival delegations is decided authoritatively. Meantime, the Northern delegates are luxuriating upon green peas and strawberries, and are favorably inipressed with Charleston gene rally. The overlard pony express, which left San Francisco on the 10th inst., reached St. Joseph, Mo., yesterday, again making the trip in the brief Space of ten days. The news is interesting. The Steam frigate Powhatan sailed from San Francisco on the 7th inst. for Panama, with the Japanese em- bassy on board The Golden Age, which left San Francisco on the 5th inst. for. Panama, took $1,600,000 in treasure, and 400 passengers, Among the latter are the republican delegates to the Chicago Convention. There had been no arrivals at San Francisco from Atlantic ports since pre vious advices. At the meeting of the Police Commissioners yes terday, the captains of the several precincts were ordered to serve upon ali proprietors of saloons ‘nd public gardens a copy of the act recently passed by the Legislature for the suppression of theatrical and other entertainments on the Sabbath. The penalty for violating the law referred to is a fine of five hundred dellars. On Thursday night Colonel Fred. W. Lander, who acted as second to Mr. Potter, member of Congress, in his late difficulty with Mr, Pryor, was serenaded by Dodworth’s Band at fhe Metropolitan Hotel. There was very large gathering. and after the band had played se- veral beautiful airs, Col. Lander appeared on the balcony amid immense cheering. He then ad- Gressed them at some length, alluding to the affair of Potter and Pryor and the part he was called upon toact. A report of Col. Lander’s remarks is given pleewhere. A terrible tornado passed over Carlensville, I1l., fand Louisiana, Mo., on Monday evening last, un roofing houses, prostrating trees, destroying stock and injuring many persons. The Senate was not in seasion yesterday. In the House the Senate bill granting a pension of fifty dollars a month each to the widows of Generals Biley, Macomb and Smith was passed. Several private bills were also passed. A resolution was adopted instructing the Committee on Foreign Affairs to inquire into the expediency of raising the mission to Sardinia to one of the first clasa. The Albany Journal, in an article which we publish in another column, states that the Governor has decided to withhold his signature from the bill providing for the erection of a new City Hall in Madison square. The Governor’s reasons for this Walker, and endeavored to cnlist him in it. Walker resisted and brought forward the written views of the President. Calhoun insisted that his plan was the programme of the administration, amd it was forced upon the Convention. He could prodace no authority for his assertion from the responsible chief of the administration, and in November, when Governor Walker re- turned to Washingtom, the President assured him he had never authorized anybody to say that he had approved of the programme which was carried out at Lecompton. course are given in the article referred to. Both Boards of the Common Council held spe- cial meetings lest evening. Acting Mayor Peck sent to the Board of Aldermen a message relative to the gction of the Legisiature in interfering with the rights of the city by the passage of the city railroad bills, and other acts en- creaching upon our local interests. The paper is printed in our report of the proceedings in another column. A resolution was offered directing the Corporation Counsel to immediately take proper legal steps to restrain the newly incorporated city railroad companies from layiog railroad tracks in the streets of the city without the consent of the Mayorand Common Council. The Mayor's message was accepted, and the resolution adopted. The documents were subsequently transmitted to the Councilmen and concurred in by that Board. Among the bills now before the Governor for his signature is the bill in relation to the inspegtion of steam boilers in the citles of New York and Brook- lyn. This is anact which should have been passed years ago, as any resident of the cities named would testify when they remember the Brooklyn and Hague street explosions. It is to be hoped that the Governor will not withhold his signature. Counsel for Homer B. Hawkins renewed their motion in the General Sessions yesterday for the speedy trial or the discharge of Homer B. Haw- kins, against whom are a number of indictments charging him with defrauding the Overland Mail Company ofa large amount of money. The Court refused the motion, but reduced the bail from $13,000 to $2,000. It appears ‘that there is alsoa civil sult pending against this defendant, where the bail is fixed at $15,000. Cotton yesterday was steady, with sales of about 1,000 bales, closing on the basis of 113(c, for middling uplands. Ordinary and inferior grades have been so much depres- sed and irregular as to attract rather more attention from purchasers, including spinners. Sales, however, were moderate, and with the close of the week prices, how- ever, exhibited rather more steadiness. The news re- ceived by the North American, at Portland, representing & good and sustained trade in Manchester for cloths, and steadiness for cotton in Liverpcol, at the latest intelligence, exercised no influence in this market, dealers feeling disposed to await the receipt of private advices. Common grades of State and Western flour were about five cents per bb). lower, while good and extra brands were steady, and sales moderate. Southern flour was firmer and more active. Wheat was firmly held, while sales were moderate at prices given elsewhere. Corn ‘was unchanged, while sales were made to a fair extent. Pork was less buoyant and active: sales of new mess were made at $17 8734, and of new prime at $1440 a $1450 ‘Sugars continued in steady demand, while the advance of one-quarter cent per Ib. on the week’s stles was main- tained; the transactions footed up about 1,200 01,800 bhds., at rates given in another place. Coffee was firm, with sales in small lots, among the principal of which were 500 bags Jamaican at 18c. Freight engagements were moderate and quotations unchanged. Among the shipments were 10,000 bushels wheat at private terms, and 260 bales cotton at 8-16d. a 7-32d. to Liverpeol. The Walker Revelations—-The Philoso- phy of Party Suicide. ‘The Congressional Investigating Committees which petty politicians have got up to vent their personal spite against the President, and to ventilate insignificant charges of corruption against the administration, had completely failed in their object, and were about to sub- side into merited oblivion in the corrupt pool from whence they emanated, when circum- stances of a personal nature led one of them a few days since to stumble upon developements which, if rightly read by the people and the politicians, will be productive of immense good at this critical juncture of our public affairs. The letter of Mr. Buchanan and the state- ment of facts with which its publication was accompanied, by ex-Governtor Walker, are not to be lightly read, taking only what appears on the surface of them. They reveal the condi- tion of things which has been the deadly ele- ment of every political party hitherto, and which, after having killed the old whig party, and destroyed the more recent American organization, is about to operate with terrible force in Charleston, and a few days will tell us whether it has net given the death blow to the present democratic party. This letter and the accompanying facts reveal the whole philosophy of party suicide. A suc- cinct review of the occurrences, not only as they have been brought to the surface, but of the real though unseen chain of action, will best elucidate the subject. The advent of Mr. Buchanan’s administration, in the spring of 1857, succeeded a terrible po- litical conflict, in which the democratic party was saved from entire destruction, more through the folly of its antagonists than by merit in itsown leaders. The Kansas danger still stood with its menace of civil war, which would have involved the surrounding States, and perhaps the whole Union, in its flames. Mr. Buchanan at once directed his attention to avert it, and inthe summer of that year Mr, Walker was sent out as Governor, with a pro- gramme that promised to conjure the storm, and on which the whole Cabinet were supposed to be in agreement with the President. But this was not the case. The demon of intrigue was at work in the very Cabinet to secure the triumph of a certain school of politicians who aimed to rule the party, and Kansas was the field of operations. Secretary Thompson, backed by the Mississippi resolutions which he had got up for the purpose; Secretary Cobb, who had secured a similar public expression in Georgia, and Secretary Floyd, combined to use the power of the administration to thwart the views of its chief, and bend the party to their wishes. Governor Walker had already begun his labors with every promise of a successful effort at pacification, and his correspondence with the President assured him of the unity of policy between himself and the administration. The Lecompton Convention was to meet and pre- pare a State constitution, which was to have been submitted to the people, for it was saga- Ciously seen that no possible good could ac- crne to the South or any portion of the Union by fercing a constitution upon them against their will. The policy gave satisfaction to the ‘party, but not to the clique that sought to govern it. Inthe fall their conspiracy began to develope itself, and Calhoun, a Massachusetts democrat, was selected as their tool. Election returns were forged, the Convention was pack ed, and a few days before the vote was taken, its President, Calhoun, revealed the pro-slavery plan of Thompson, Cobb & Co. to Governor But in carrying it out in that Convention the clique had partially obtained their object, al- though their views could never resultin the triumph of the party. They had diverted the legitimate popular expression in their favor, by their control of the action of the Convention, and the forms of law being all fulfilled, the President had no escape left from their toils. Respect for the legal and established forms of popular expression is one of the vital necessi- ties of our political system, and the chief exe- cutive of the government could not refuse to send to Congress a constitution that had all the forms of legality. The shortsighted and ultra pro-slavery clique that had created it failed iu the attainment of their object, and succeeded only in bringing.their own party to the brink of ruin. The first mistake was committed when President Buchanan did not dismiss every member of his Cabinet that he found did not agree with him in opinion, on the very instant he ascertained that fact. He should have tolerated no cliques in his Cabinet, nor should he have permitted any public ¢xpressions of dissent like those of Thompson on Southern questions, and those of Cobb on the tariff. General Jackson made the democratic party strong, because he began by making his Cabinet a unit, and that at once producrd union in the party. In these Walker revelations we have seer, and the whole world sees, that there exists in the democratic party the same antagonism be- tween pro-slavery and anti slavery that has broken up the old whig and the American party organizations. The whole system of party suicide is laid opera, where the cliques, for the want of a master spirit and discipline, foment quarrels among themselves, til the masses, finally divided by, and disgusted with, their t«aders, fall away from them and leave the party organization nothing but a hideous skeleton. This same antagonism in the demo- cratic ranks may break out with more violence than ever in the Charleston Convention; and that body, instead of renewing the vitality of its party and saving the country from the im- pending danger ef fanatic rule and revolution, by pursuing a moderate and conservative course, may itself shiver into fragments, or by bending to the dictation of ultra and intriguing cliques, accept for itself and party the merited fate of the Lecompton folly. If it wishes for life, vigor and success for its principles and its candidates, it must rise superior to these party cabals, which invoke in their own ranks pro- slavery and anti-slavery preferences, and ex- hibit energy, determination and discipline in behalf of the constitution and the Union, irre- spective of fire-eaters or free-soilers. Let the country, and, above all, let the delegates to the Charleston Convention, read the Walker revelations aright, and they will comprehend the philosophy of party suicide, and avoid its perils. Tue New AtmsHouse Law.—The law abo- lishing the Board of Ten Governors and substi- tating four Commissioners, to manage the pub- lic institutions of the city, is in the main agood measure, but its beneficial effects depend a great deal upon the kind of men who are ap- pointed to perform the onerousand responsible daties attached to the office. The stories told of the Board of Governors, and the scenes de- scribed as having takcn place in the differ- ent institutions, were perfectly disgraceful to the city—scenes more licentious and disgusting than ever were witnessed in the worst haunts of crime, and they resulted from electing low, grog-begotten individuals, waiters at taverns and such like, to the offices of Almshouse Go- vernors. The power to appoint the new Com- missioners is vested in Comptroller Haws; and we hope that he will select them from the best Class of our citizens. We perceive that a gang of politicians, calling themselves the Republi- can Central Committee, have urged upon Mr. Haws the propriety of appointing four party men—republicans, of course—but we earnestly hope that he will do nothing of*the kind. Mr. Haws is a man of integrity and discretion, who knows very well what class of persons are best fitted to perform such important duties as de- volve upon these Commissioners. We would suggest to him the names of Hamilton Fish, W. H. Havemeyer, John A. Dix and Moses H. Grinnell, or some gentlemen of equally good social standing and respectability, under whose government the disgraceful scenes which have been enacted. under the grog-begotten regime Of the Ten Governors could never take place again. Tus Heroxs or Tae Day.—The illustrated newspapers are devoted entirely, just now, to the two great contests of the time—the inter- national prize fight in England and the coming Presidential battle at home. We see nothing but portraits of the leading fighting men, and portraits of the Presidential candidates—the heroes of the pugilistic prize ring, and the heroes of the political prize ring; and the fea- | tures of both seem to be scanned with about | equal interest. : Prooress or RaitRoap Pouttics.—Everybody knows that the State of New Jersey—its Legis- lature, its politics, and everything else—is under the complete control of the railroads; and we are fast coming to the same thing ‘in this State. The last Legislature was essentially a railroad Legislature. Dean Richmond, Erastus Corning and George Law managed everything—the city railroads and the roads of the interior of the State—with Thurlow Weed whispering into the ears of each, like Satan into those of our first Parents when they were taking thelr first nap. ‘Tae LEGisLaTcRE ConDeMyED at ALL Sives.— All parties seem equally severe in their deaun- ciation of the late Albany Legislature tor the infamous. course they pursued. Even the re- publican journals are unsparing in their con- demnation of the shameful action which charac- terised their whole career, though the majority of both houses was composed of their own par- tisans. The truth is, that both the republican and democratic members of that body were eqnally ccrrupt; but of the latter, those hailing from the Tammany Coalhole were about the worst ‘The Future of Italy. NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY. APRIL 21, 1860.—TRIPLE SHEET. an uneurmountable obstacle to any future pro- The future opening before Italy is the |-jects of aggrandizement which a restless ambi- grandest that has dawned upon her since the consolidation of the States of the Peninsula by the Roman republic enabled the latter to wrest Sicily and Sardinia from Carthage and to as- pire to make her power felt abroad. Then asnow, the scattered elements of Italian unity were collected into one powerful focus, from whence radiated the influences that contributed so much to the progress of enlightened ideas throughout the world. After the decline of the empire, when that identity of interests was destroyed which gave to Italy a distinctive ex- istence in the midst of her vast acquisitions, ehe remained true to her mission as a reformer and a propagandist. Although her nationality was broken up, each of its parts, in assuming a separate political form, still maintained intact the progressive spirit that had distinguished ite people in all those. refining and humanizing pursuits which make up the sum of civi- lization, To the Italians we owe most of the important discoveries in the arts and sciences, some of which modern perseverance bas wrought out into magnificent results; whilst others, as im painting, sculpture and architecture, later generations have been unable to improve upon. Politically enslaved and helpless, the Italians yet continued to ani- mate, by their genius and their example, the sluggish instincts of the Northern nations, and to diffuse among them that taste for the intel- lectual and beautiful which is a distinctive fea- ture of the national character. Like most of those whose province itis to contribute to the developement of the human mind, the Italians have been for centuries the most unfortunate of nations. They have occu- pied towards the world the position of inven- ters without patents, others profiting by what the narrowness of their own circumstances pre- vented them deriving any benefit from. Anew era is, however, opening for this gifted and rich- ly cultivated people. The vigor and manly en- ergy that once gave them the supremacy of the world, and that were lost in the vices into which they degenerated from the lust of power, have been re-born out of their misfortunes and sufferings. They have come chastened and pu- rified out of the ordeal to which they have been subjected, and the part which they will hence- forth play in the political affairs of the world will be limited only by their forgetfulness of the prolonged and cruel lessons they have re- ceived. The victims of their own thirst for universal dominion, they have been, by an appropriate re- tribution, made the constant instruments of simi- lar schemes on the part of ethers. Most of the great Continental wars of aggrandizementsince Italy lost her distinct nationality have been waged upon her rich and fertile soil. When she has ‘not been made herself the prey of the conqueror, ehe has served asa sort of neutral ground for the decision of other nations’ quar- rels.. Alternately despoiled by Spain, Austria and France, they were no sooner compelled to looge their hold of her than they sought by their diplomatic arrangements to perpetuate the misery which their oppressions had caused her. The Italians, in fact, came to be looked upon by statesmen as a people who had lost all political character and energy, and who could only be regenerated by incorporation into other’ nationalities. Viewing them in this light, the first Napoleon made them the pivot of his schemes of conquest, and by their aid succeeded for a time in ren- dering himself master of the Continent. The present Emperor also endeavored to cary out, through their assistance, the projects that he had matured with a similar view. That he had not penetrated the full depths of the patriotism and good sense which lie at the bot- tom of the Italian character, does no discredit to his sagacity. He is himself but an instra- meat in the hands of a greater Power, whose will it is that this people, after centuries of oppreasion and misery, shall be raised from their degradation, and elevated to the position to which they are entitled by their high intel- lectual qualities. If the monarchs of Europe, who are ast pre- sent trembling for the integrity of their pos- sessions, had a correct idea of their own inte- rests they would further’ instead of throwing obstacles in the way of the great scheme of Italian unity which the sagacity and firmness of the Italian patriots have partly realized. Their true policy is to abstain from all interference in the affairs of that people, and to let the drama which is now being enacted amongst them be played out to the end. It is impossi- ble, after the manner in which the Pope has resisted the continued reclamations of his sub- jects for reforms in his civil administration, and doubly impossible after the massacres of Peru- gia and Rome, that any relics of temporal power should bé left inhishands. He_ willbe reduced to the condition of a simple Bishop, as were the Popes originally, exercising plenary control over all things ecclesiastical, but leay- ing to Cesar the things that are Cesar’s. There in Rome, surrounded by the traditions of his Church, and the grand old relics of a Psgan age, which even Catholicity has been upable to blot out, he will be more powerful | and more venerated than he is at present, with the attributes of a corrupt and decayed sovereignty dragging him down into the mire of popular contempt. In regard to. Naples, who can doubt what its future will be if the will of its people is allowed unfettered expression? Constftutional government, either in connection with Sardinia or independently, end, in the latter case, forming part of an Italian confederation, and reulizing in this condition the unity which the Italians have so munch at heart, will be the inevitable result of the present insane course of its ruler, unless ‘foreign bayonets be brought in to his support. Is is for Austria, Prussia and Russia to con- sider what they have to gain by attempting to entorce, in the case of the Neapolitan despot, the doctrine which they have recently allowed to be exploded in other instances not half so pregnant with reproach to the principle of hereditary right. As out of the Northern States of Italy they have permitted a kingdom to be created, which must herceforth occupy the second rank amongst the European governments, the Con- tinental sovereigns would do well to reflect whether it would not be better for them to suf- ser Sardinia to attain a larger measure of power by the acquisition of Naples, Venetia and the remains of the Pontifical States. In her pre- tent condition she must continue more or less sunject to the dictation of France. By giving ‘er @ population of some twenty-three or seaty-ftour millions, they will render her in vtpendent of French influence and raise in her tion bike that ef Napoleon mayentertain. This would seem to be the true policy of the Con- tinental governments. By awaiting a little the course of events until the popular discontent of Naples and Rome finds vent in the expulsion of their rulers, they will be enabled to ratify by a Congress a new condition of things in Italy, which, probably, is as much opposed to Louis Napoleon’s views as it is conservative of their own interests. Will they have the good sense and the sagacity to pursue this course? Time alone can decide. pinaada~ ao RR The Italian Opera—Its Progress im New York. The most common charge, and, in some re- the one for which there is the best foundation, that is brought against us by our European censors, is that we are too praotjcal, too utilitarian, too greedy for money, too anxious to make our eternal fortumes, and therefore, that we have no artistic culture worth mentioning. This was to be expected as a matter of course in a new country. When people are engaged in making railways, dig- ging canals, building cities, felling primeval forests, exploring mighty rivers or traversing great prairies, they cannot stop to paint pic- tures, or chisel statues, or carve cameos, or compose ballads, or sing scales, or become learned in the mysteries ef the Solfeggi. But now that we are getting rich, now that our me- tropolis ranks with the great cities of the world, we may safely turn for a moment towards the cultivation of the amenities and refinements of life, and, by encouraging all that is good and noble in the fine arts, show to the world that we are, or will be, something more than a na- tion of traders without liberality, and poli- ticians without principle. Indeed, the time has come when American artists claim attention and wia admiration abroad. We have painters whom European connoisseurs delight to honor, in the persons of Church, Rossiter, Durand and others; in the annals of sculpture the names of Palmer, Pow- ers, Barbee, Crawford, Greenough and Miss Hosmer will take high rank. It is in the art of music, however, that we have reached the highest point of perfection. The Italian Opera, in this country, may be considered as a regu- larly established institution, and one that will be hereafter recruited from the ranks of our own singers. The taste for the Opera here is more general than in any other country except Italy, its home. In Austris, Russia, England, France, Portugal and Spain, the Opera is the amusement of the aristocracy only. The com- monalty prefer the theatres, which are cheaper and more to their taste. . In Italy, on the con- trary, everybody goes to the Opers, which ac- commodates all sorts of people at all sorts of prices. Even the Jazzaroni knows the Opera repertoire as thoroughly as the English coster- monger is acquainted with the history of the prize ring. The opera house is found even in the very smallest towns, and it is the exchange wherein all classes of the community meet to listen to the music, to pay and receive visits and talk over the topics the day. In London the Opera is a lounging place for the Lady Augustas and Honorable Fitz-Foodles, who go because it is the correct thing to do so. In Paris itis pretty nearly the same thing, and in Vienna more s0. In New York, the Opera is patronized by all classes. The Wall street financier sits side by side with the well-to-do mechanic, and a serving girl mot unfrequently jostles Miss Flora McFlimsey in the crush at 2 Patti matinge. As in Italy, the Opera with us is a democratic institution, and ome in which all classes take an abiding interest. Even the parsons do a bit of Verdi occasionally. The effect of all this has been to foster and stimulate native talent to a surprising extent. Although we have no great musical schools like the London Academy or the Paris conser- vatoire, yet Europe sends us the best masters, and they succeed in turnizg out pupils who will one day hold their ewn with the recog- nized queens of song abroad. It is now only about thirteen years since we had a regular opera house in New York, and since that time the city has produced no less than five prime donne, namely, Adelaide Phillips, Hensler, Cora de Wilhorst, Adelina Patti and Louisa Kellogg. With the exception of ‘Mins Kellogg, all of these artists have passed through the strictest ordeal of criticism, and have triumphed. Miss Kellogg has sung at a public rehearsal, and made a most favorable impression. And we believe that these five artists will compare favorably with the same number selected from the élite pupils of any school in Europe. They all won success on their merits; for prime donne have no more honor than prophets in their own country. The débutante in New York has, however, several advantages over and above the artist who comes before a London or Paris audience. There the favor of.the aristocracy and the journals must be courted. There the artist, no matter how clever she may be, must wait months and months before she can get a hear- ing, and then receive only a° cool recognition. Here the aspirant has no euch obstacles. She gets her hearing without difficulty, the” audi- ence is just but generous, and the journals almost invariably fair, and generally favorable. The artist here has no need to dance attend- ance upon the critic, as in London or Paris. The leading journals of New York take proper pride in stimulating the growing love for the fine arts, and encourage the aspirants upon the threshold of their careers, The free press has 4 great part in this new developement of the re- sources of our republic, and performs it, we believe, with fidelity and fairness. As time rolls on, and we get richer and rich- er, the taste for the Opera will increase rather than diminish. Just now we have two Operas going, with full companies, splendid artists, and the public flock to each house in crowds. Instead of injuring the Opera, the opposition benefits it; and for the next month or six weeks the amusement loving public will pa- tronize the Opera to the exclusion of everything else. In due time we ehall have artists enough of our own to present the Opera in the best way, and at a much less price than it costs now. When that time comes, the Italian Opera will find nowhere #o excellent exponents and so appreciative an audience as in the United States. Tue Insotvert Desrors’* Sroxce Brt.— The Inselvent Debtors’ bill, which passed both houses of the late Legislature, has not yet been signed by the Governor, and we hope it never willbe. It was got up for the benefit of s num- ber of persons who have suffered from the financial panic of 1857, and who, having placed their property out of their hands, are anxious to have their debts wiped out as with a sponge, in order ® resume again. It is a similar measure to the Bankrupt law of Congress ia 1840, which was intended to wipe out the debts of some forty thousand persons all through the country. The Insolvent Debtors’ bill is de- signed to do the same thing for this State, and is a most unjust and iniquitous measure, whick we trust will never become law. The Ciicage Comvention—Serious Troa- bles of the Republicans, If ever our republican friends were set by the ears they are so at the present time. Ali that their own press and a few hungry edi- tors from the mountains may say to the com- trary, they cannot deceive the public as to the real nature of the difficulties by which they are surrounded. Who is to be their candidate for the Presidency is the great question now agi- tating their counsels, and as they canmot answer it themselves they need not expect any- body to do so for them. The best friends of Seward have now reluotantly to acknowledge that his chances of election—that is, of course, if his republican admirers see fit to nominate him—are slender. The republicans have come to the conclusion that their chances are daily growing less. The treason which they have been preaching for months past, and their open and avowed determination to overthrow every vestige of law and order, if ever they have the power, are now strongly operating against them. Constitutional ideas and patri- otic devotion have gained s sure and certain pre-eminence, and the vials of black republi- can venom having been broken, there is little hope even among themselves that they can carry the free States at the November election. As one of the signs of the times, it is, never- theless, interesting to glance at their progres- _ sive attempts to impose upon the credulity of the simple as to their chances in the coming Presidential struggle. One of their well-knowa organs has been amusing its readers with a variety of correspondence on this edifying theme. According to our contemporary, Seward’s chances are hourly growing dimmer, and will in the end be very thin indeed. One of his correspondents maintains that the nomi- nation of the ‘ ‘distinguished Senator” will be a death blow to the whole concern, and sug- gests that Fremont should be again brought out to contend for the Presidential chair asa set-off against the Seward heresies. Upon this ground alone he believes that there is the slightest chance for the success of their cause. Another speaks of Dayton, and another of Cameron. The republicans are so sadly eut up among themselves that they do net know as certainty what they will, can or should do. We also find another republican Proposing, and in fact insisting, that the duty of the Convention is a reaffirmation ef the Philadelphia platform, and the nomination of a man who is known to be heartily and honestly in favor of that platform. Anything short of this, he says, will drive out of the republican ranks thousands of their best and most active men. Here, then, is what the old wives would call a “ pretty kettle of fish.”” The plain fact is that these republican agita- tors are not very scrupulous as to the means to be adopted to carry out their revolutionary ideas. The man on the masthead has, however, warned them of their danger. He sees the gleaming lightning and the rushing storm, and he shouts to them that there are breakers ahead. They know that their position is @ desperate one, and thefronly effort is now to set themselves right with the pub- lic, whom they have so long deceived. But they do not come on the stool of repentance te ask for forgiveness. On the contrary, they glory in their former delinguenoies, and call upon their followers to consolidate their prin- ciples, as this is the only way to be successful. They assert their conviction that all is lost te them unless they can induce the people te favor their sanguinary and diabolical prinol- ples, which tend to overthrow civilization and give a loose rein to crime and barbarism, The republicans are indeed making despe- rate efforts to blind the eyes of the public as te their true and ulterior intent. They start the Homestead bill to gull the foreign vote. They get up mean investigating committees to hide their own frauds. Seward, Fremont, Lincoln, Dayton, Chase, Cameron and others are sey- erally nemed as persons fit and proper te represent the insurrectionary doctrines ef the. party; but, notwithstanding all this, it is not so certain that they can unite upon one of these names. The one shouts, like the old Highland clans, “Cameron and victory,” while another shrieks ont, “Chase for the West,” fol- lowed by a crowd ef others who call for Sew- ard, Fremont, Dayton and Lincoln. It is easy to.see the causes and the results of this dissen- sion. The followers of the republican doctrine are losing confidence in the hitherto recog- nized leaders of their creed, and the conse- quence must be that the creed itself must shortly fall to pieces. The sacrifice is only made holy by the offices of the priest, and when he is shorn of his sanctity by the wor- shippers his vocation is ended, and the doors of the sanctuary may as well be closed. The republicans seem to be much in the same way. The Chicago Convention will open without = fixed plan or candidate. It will have great and troublesome differences to heal. What is best to be done in the face of the recent up- heaving of the cemservative element in New England and the Northwest sorely troubles the republican leaders. What will be done no one can tell. . and American J New York Herald amd the Londen ‘Times. In another column will be found an interest- ing description of « visit to the office of the London 7imes, Those who are at all familiar with the machinery of the New Yorx Heratp will be struck with the close resemblance which exists between the arrangements of both. The details of the management of the great leading English organ are as nearly as possible those of our own journal. Hold- ing the foremost position amongst the newspaper establishments of the two coun- tries, the requirements of their enor mous circulation and large advertising patronage have naturally led them to adopt the same business systems and mechanical ex- pedients so as to enable them to meet them in ® manner satisfactory to the public and to themselves. A description of the progress, internal administration and arrangements of the London Times might, therefore, very well be taken for a description of our own, there being, however, some few points of difference