The New York Herald Newspaper, February 20, 1860, Page 2

2 NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, FEBR fingers and make mouths at the Papal police, and they are sympathized with aud protected by the French forces, ‘80 long a8 Lbey coniine their demonstrations lo that inno. ‘Cont ©: ment aud hilarity that ‘tyrants can’t abide’ — ~a¢ - mously rejected in the First, or a0 piteously mutilated that that doce no barm of itself, but is yet evideace of inde: peadence of feeling. The world moves, and all tho ty- Tanis that ever got crushed down Dy the Juggernaut of public opinion owed their fate to their own wilful blindness. sorry to see their eyes opened, tohed up and made to do a lit very bad, out it off, and a mo: steel springs and padding, will make a very Btitute, far better adapted to locomotion Gated, rheumatic and spaviaet proveoessor. Ia the Operatic world some changes are announced. Mr. Lumley tre with Ttallan A bad limb may be poor service, but if i rn Palmer, with cork assablo sub Ope! wil) be glad to see this magnifloent theatre his sway. You Americans were indebted to and Mise Pyne, I im pantomime, comedy, history, cal, historical, Umited—while Kean not too light, olaterer Of the Princess, as was once said to an- | Other woman, ‘Get thee to a'nunnery; go!”” ‘You will got news of a tightuess in (be money market, fow days. The Bank has raised ita rate of discount to four por coat, and disposed of consols to some extent. but to-day tho market is easier. The stringency has entirely arisen from heavy shipmenia to Tncia, investments im the go- mounting almost toa panto, during tho last ‘verument funds and in Indian railways. Our Paris Correspondence. Panis, Feb. 2, 1860. to the earth for my part, T should bo its dislo- it is said, is again to opem her Majesty's thea- AS a manager he bas given great g@atistaction to the public, and the music loving world aere ain under Lamley for the privilege of hearing the fascinating Piccolomini; ‘and when the de of American travel begins to set this way, in May, June and July, the many thousands that visit London from your side of the water will find a thoa- tre open hore that will be worth their seeing Harrisen believe, are very successful at the Covent Garden, The other London theatres are absorbod ‘al, pastoral-comi- }, Scene indivisible aad poem un- is Voted too heavy and Puss in Boots 1 dont wish to intrude my advice on any pan but if I did I would gay to the respectable retired | seselon present the same spectacle as the last: Ministers will bring im their bills, which wil! pags with overwhelm. img majorities in the Second Chamber, and then be unani- the Commonore in their turn will refuse their consent to measures the scope of which has beom contralized amd perverted by reactionary umondments. This anomalous state of aifairs, which brings public bu- Sines to a complete dead lock, would excite wore attention than it does, and perhaps even give rise te demonstrations which aristooratic jebstinacy might shrink from ea. | countering, if the eyes of the mation were not diverted from the coatemplation of imtermal questions by the events that are evidently preparing om tho political stage of Europe, and the importance of which it is <iffloult to overestimate, The discuseion of administrative reforms must paturally lese its iatorest at a time when clouds are gathering in the horizon, from which a storm may burst | forth that will place the vory existeace of the monarchy im jeopardy. If it be true that Napoleon contemplates annexation—if Savoy is a first and decided step im the direction of that policy which the dark and mysterious | Puler of France is slowly revoaling, aad which tends to the restoration of the ‘‘natural fromtiers’’ that wore tora | from her by the troaties of 1815, these natural frontiers on the Alps and the Rhine, and if he sucoced in oxtend- ing bis dominion to the formor, it is but logical to sup- pose that his views will moxt be directed to the latter, No wonder, then, that Prussia bogins to be alarmed for the safety of her Rhenish provinces. which are only diveded from the Frenob territory by am imagi mary line that cam be crossed at any moment. If she | eould rely implicitly upon the co operation of the other German Statos, she might hope to resist such an invasion; The New Anglo-French Commercial Treaty—The Bank: of | >¥t Germany is now im the samo distracted condition that Framce—The Decisive Policy of Louis Napoleon—Bauca” tion sn France—Temporary Suspension of the Royal Re ceptions at the Tuileries—The Papal Imbroglio— Anniver sary of the Laying Out of the Garden of the Tuileries, dc. | favored the ambitious plans of the first Napoleon, and rauier than unite with Prussia the petty kings and princes would prefer forming a second confoderation of the Rhise under the auspices of his successor, The people, to be Until the statement of the Chancellor of the Exchoquer | SUFe, are everywhere animated by the most patriotic son- to the British Parliamant has been made, it is not proba- blo that any positive information will be given to France on the subject of the new commercial treaty. Meanwhile the interregnum of prohibition and free trade is @ state of paralysis, and ail parties are out of humor. The Bourse is full of heaviness, aud a genoral suspicion pre- vails that the Bank of France is about to raise its rate of discount. The liberal papers are diligent in aiding the govern: ment journals in their task of instructing the public mind on the advantages of unrestricted commerce; but no that the first emotion caused by the Emperor’s letter has subsided, there is, it must be confessed, a gonera absence of elasticity or sympathy. There is no doubt that the clerical element is busily employed in com- mencing its prescribed rdle of fermentatien of the body politic Om all hands now one hears of nothing but the uncertainty of all things in high quarters; now, to-day, it is war with Russia and eternal concord with England; to- morrow, Italian emancipation from the Alps to the Adri. atic, and destruction to Austria; next, immutable amity with Austria and defiance to England; and now, all at once, all for England and St ‘George, and death to the Papacy. Who is to have confidence in such a ruler, who, it is Said, consults no one, is Swayed by no representa- tions, whose power is absoluve, whose fickloness mocks the wind? ‘There is 80 much of this in every one’s mouth that one cannot but suspect that it is attributable to adventitious means. The probibitionist party is intensely disgasted, ‘and there can be no doubt that in offending this and the Partie prétre at oue and the same time, Napoleon has given an example of moral courage second to none of those which bave hitherto distinguished his character. The commercial mind of the Country ts so casentially ™mesquin— 80 mean and miserablo—that oven among parties who have all to gain and nothing to risk by the proposed al- terations, even prohibitionist argument, however distaste- ful, is reoeived a8 a truiam. In vain docs the Constite- tionmel with more than convert zal exclaim, that the re- moval of probibition is not merely a question of home Pro- duction and manufactures, but is connected with the highest interests of the external Power of France, and with her elevated position ‘among nations. People turn a deaf ear, “charm he never 80 wisely,” and the more so be- cause au fond they secretly detest the idea of taking, on this or any other sub; » the law from Eagland. Whether Napoleon will be able to carry matters with a high hand in the midst of so much obstinacy and preju- dice, remains to be seen. That ho already finds the ne- Coasity of flinging a sop to the Partie prétre, is sufficiently evident from @ deprecatery article in the Moniteur on the subject of polemic altercations, now that the great cleri- oa! organ has beem suppremmed. Don’t say anything te em, ‘er the state of things, ner push an enemy to ex- + tremity, is the real interpretation of the official language. For com” time past there has been Springing up a oqrowing disca Ment at the Infuenoe exercieed by the clorgy during the last top yeers iN 189 Ye portant maser Moducation. DOTAg the ¥6i4, of Louis Philippe it was remarked that ® fr gre 1 jolances and originality distinguished the teachip g ofyouth than at present, when everyy instructor is sponsible to the hiorarchy anit may be displaced ¥ ter if he dare to utter « syllable, in which the clow be_ever werodoxy may be « infinitessimally a foot of hetero ea that Napo'son adowed. It | et Se ° & a which the law cae ip, 1850 | the abasiv’ falloux, placing the oe under thatbe’ ve sway of priests and bishops, ha feted, a a poe —_eprecates for special reasons evecy allusion sucb ible change as the present Momou! Tn face of terial changes &s are daily taking | , 08 noe world, bis Majesty Obesrves our old system | of jealous commerce must give Way. Steam and cpio | city will do ft in spite of us, and how much on en dent, therefore, is itfor us to render these wou = nts our instruments rather than our masters. r od gach faith,” he exciaimed on Taesday to a body of ‘probi. Ditionists Who came‘up from Malhausen, headed by ; e Gount deGrosville, “in France, in her ingenuity and in- nergy, comet eyatem of separation incommerce. Her place is to take the initiative, to stand foot to foot with the ne tions of the world in arts and arms, and the arta are = inseparable from commerce.” A gentleman who formed ‘one of the deputation told me that he bad never seen the Emperor dispiay #0 much animation and fluency of ex Profi receptions at the Tuileries are dropped tor the pre sent, in consequence of the death of ee rarperct from all accounts, has laid his plans with his usual judgment in regard to his quarrel with tue F ‘a pacy. Ferdivand number two dare not budge an inch te help the Holy Father, and Austria has other fish to fry. ‘A private letter which I received yeaterday , from a gente man col ‘with the diplomatic corps, mays that the King is much too wary to take any step which may pos. sibly endanger a throne other parties are so desirous « y of. Svs Vaan to interest the maspes in his dynasty, in case of the Murat party at any time attacking his rights, and be is not likely to be divertea from this policy by any quixotic ellorts in favor of the Pope, however great his reverence for his character and office. Yesterday was the two hundred and sixtieth anniver. pr rary of the laying out of the Gardens of the Tuileries by | . siore that monarch’s reign, the ground which are proar rape covered with aoble trees wes & rabbit warren. Tle manufactories, from which circum stance the Tuileries derives its name, ocoupied the vacant 8] , and taverns, one Of ba gery pace ae fasa- lords and ies oO! ee we ‘Third seems desirous of emulating the of Henri pepe their appearance in ail portions of the city. ‘The Conservatoire des arts et Metiers, the square in the Marché des Innocents, the Place du Louvre, the Boule- ‘yards, from the Madeleine to the Bastille, attest the Empe- ror’s energy, and now the south side of the Champs Ely- sées ts to follow the recent example set it by the north ia the beauty and variety of its trees and gardens Our Berlin Correspondence. . Braun, Feb. 1, 1360. The Reorganization of the Prussian Army—Politica, Aspect of Europe—The Condition of Germany—The Ru mored Annenation of Savoy to France—The Potiey of the Movement—The Annual ‘Feast of Orders’ ai the Na. tional Palace—The Orders of Prussian Knighthoed— Depressed State of the Berlin Manufacturing Prode— Sword Manufactory in Solingen—Bhe British Army Fur- ished from that City—Improvements tm Fire Arma, de. It appears certain now that none of the reforme pro- % Chamber. The | ‘ary for posed by government will pass the First reorganization of the army, indeed, will be agreed te with alacrity, as it involves an increase of the military estab lishment, on which the aristocracy always look with a fayorable eye—especially in Prussia, where the oflicers are selected almost exclusively from the class of nobles, who have thus the whole armed force of the kingdom @ their disposal; but neither the Civil Marriage bill, nor the law for the taxation of landed property, nor tho reform | of the provincial administration, has the'slightest chance | of being accepted by the Lords, whose High Church no- tions are offended by the first of these projects, and | ‘and political inflaence are trenched upon by tho two last If they had any idea that government was reeolved upon tating | | to enforce measures which are approved of by the oeuntry at large, and which | ‘are only opposed by « handful of aristocrats, thoy might perhaps be inclined to listm to reason, and eubmit with a good grace to what they could not prevent; Dut they are too well @ware of tho.weaknees and indeci- whose financial interests energetic steps | Pr ¢vy Councillor and right hand of the Minister Auerswald ; | gaged in making catlery, in which no country but Kog- | Ages the sword that I will not consent to follow the | the Princess Stephani | His Neapolitan majesty feels thas his | 1¥. in bis skill in planting. Cheataut trees | uments, but they, too, are torn by religious dissension and political rivalry; the Catholics hate Prussia as a Pro. As for foreign alliances, there is still less dependence to be placed upon them. Austria is helpleas, and would im- ig fully occupied at home, and would haps be well pleased to see the nations of the West conmama «hata i intestine struggles, whilo she recruita Ker strongth and prepares herself to take advantage of thote exhaustion; and even from England, bound up as she is with the poli cy of the French Emperor, fhardly anything could be ex- pected but a certain neutrality. Al! these topics are fully discumed in public, and produce a fecling of anxiety which is enhanced by the dread of a financial crisis, symptoms of which are beginning to appear in the Lon- Gon money market, from whence it woula undoubtedly spread over ail Europe. The ground is trembling benoath us as with the first throes of an impending earthquake whose eruptions every one foresees, but the extent of whose ravages no one can pretend to determine. Meanwhile the business of life goes on, the people Strain every nerve to provide for the necessities of the Stato, and their rulers deem war the slumbering volcano. On Sunday & great annuai festival wag solemnized atthe Palace, called the ‘‘ Orders Fest,”’ or a Feast of Orders, on which occasion ribbous and crosses of various kinds are distributed among such persons as have distinguished themseives by their real or supposed services to the country during the preceding year. In looking over the interminable lists of mames con- tained im the Oficial Gazette, you are perfectly astounded at their number, and if you relect that similar customs take place annually, you can §hardly imagine that there ia @ sipgio individual left in all Prussia who 1s not the happy ‘gor of some such badge of honor. One might think, t00, that by being so general these decor: tions would joa their value, but this is far from being the cage; on the coa trary, they are as cagerly sought after as Mf they actually conferred distinction. In fact, they may be considered ag .not one of the least powerful engines of government, ty whom they afford a means of gratifying adherents and cone\ ‘isting adversaries, without the slight- eat effort or expense, merely by a happy speculation on human vanity, In Promsia there ate at present eight orders of knighthood, viz: the ‘Buack Eagie,” which is re- served for kings, princes and the highest dig- pr nitaries of the Stak); the Eagle,” the order pour le mérite, in two c) weeer', One of which is intended for distinguished military s.wviocs, while the other is con- ferred on eminent savans,. savaats and literati of all coun- tries; the order of “ Hoh: wnzollern,’’ in five classes; the order ef ‘St. John,” wh: 'ch can only be worn by nobles of @ descent unblemished Dy any admixture of plebeian blood; the ‘Iron Cross,” in three classes, the first of which, like that of ‘‘ Maria Theresa” im Austria, and “St. George” in Russia, is only ay Yarded to a general who has gained a pitched first rate fortress by again distinguished by stars, oak leaves, tc., &c., a contrivance which is found exceedingly usefal in stimulating the zeal of the proprietors, bei anxious to obtain wo or to receive a star or some other gimcrack to to the cross that dangles from his button hole, ly, there is = medal the ¢ Phrenavicher, or general ‘mark of honor, wbich is given to tag, rag and dobtail, and this ne man that respoots himself would deign to, t of. This year several prominent members of the Constitutional party, who had been passed over by the fsrmer government, have been gratified with cordons; am yg them M. Puncker, late Professor at Halle, now » ’A. Krech, brother in-law of Count Schwerin, Xc., &. The stagnation in the manufacturing trade of Berlin and the vicinity continues, many branches still suffering from the events of last yesr; for instance, the silk weav- ing, which has not been able to recover from the blow it received Guring the Oriental war, when many of the Fastern buyers could not pay up, and had, therefore, to stop away from the fairs, causing great distress among the operatives in that line. From other manufacturing dis- tricts of Prussia we have better accounts, especially from the province of Westphalia, where there is a large tract of country cailed the Wappenthal, the chief eity of which, Solingen, has long been famous for the manufac- ture of steel and iron goods. The inhabitants of that place and its environs, about 30,000 in number, are all en- compete with them. As early as the Middlo athe ‘sword, blades produced. there were considered equal to thoge of Darmascus or the Tarkish yataghan, and | there was hardly an army in Europe but what was pro; vided with these weapons from Solingen. Several years | ago it contained ag many as 1,200 factories, with an annual praductien of £00,060 blades for swords or sabres, 800,000 | dozen of knives ‘and forks, a8 many pairs of scigsors | (quite a8 good as those turned out by the Sheifield cutlers), Desides a variety of other articles, such as helmets of | steel and leather, culrasses, &c., all of acknowledged good ality. i | ‘By ihe latest intelligence from Solingen, the fabrication ‘ef arms is being Carried on there to an unprecedented ex- | tent: the factories are all in full biast, and most of them | have to work the nights through. The British government | have ordered broadewords of the largest size, and there | are English offiecrs on the spot, who examine them scru- | pulously before accepting them; for Austria a great num- ber of swords and bayonets are making—the same for | Sardinia, Bavaria, &c.; in word, orders for arms arrive from all parts of the world—even from Africa and Ame- rica. For Russia a new sort of bayonet is being con- structed, which is said to be lighter and more easily fixea to the musket than the present ones, and which is to be | worn in the belt instead of the short infantry sabre or | sword dirk now used as side arms. I hear, too, that the | government cannon foundries are busily employed im \ turning out rifled guns to replace the old fashioned artil- lery, which past events here have shown to be powerless against the new fangled instruments of destruction. ‘Truly this is an iron age—everything breathes war, aud even industry receives its only impulse from the prepara- tions made by man to exterminate his fellow man. vetandem? How long, Oh! Elihu Burritt, will this military mania be allowed to aillict humanity? Impertant Speech of Lord Palmersten— Private Property in Time of War. | A deputation from Liverpool, Bristol, Manchester, | Leeds, Holl, Bolfast, and Gloucester, on the pi oposed ex: testant Power, and tho liberals distrust the steadiness of Sair to of hi hedrchole of his temperatitics. her counsels, and feel little confidence im her leadership. | ‘groans under a heavier pind than ever, and the crics evitably fall to pieces if ongaged im another war; Russia | Béficent policy UARY 20, 1860. @ martyrdom from the fatigue of e! is no joke to hold out a band “to be Baka ool a It te Det so loug ago since & Presidemt of tke United states Barrowy escaped loaig an arm owing to an abecews, Kup- pares to have been caused, or irritated to extra muchinf, by the handshaking at one of hie mob levoos at the White Hovse, At the samo time there was the greatest reluc tance to interpose avy Larrier between the ve ad the gramfcation of their Joyal aspirations ke royal band The difficulty has formed the subj And anxious counsels at the Lord Chambertain' i that mysterious instituuon—the Boara of Greon Cl n ‘Me colutiom now hit upon the helding of a separate lovee for volunteers is considered & master stroke of coremonial Chamberlain draws fi wt Her Majesty, too, will sleep all the pounder aes from the threatened avalanche of loyal detenders of tho crown and realm upon the alread: pooapaicd vee nee ady crowdéd space of the THE RELIGIOUS CONTEST IN EUROPE. France and England te P; Fycedom—Friemas of the rome hh ng- —Hussin em ular Cie DU alai’s Opimion of the Cause #69 THE VOICH OF ITALY MORE POWERFUL THAN DI- PLOMacy, ‘From the London Post, coment Weannounccd'nt he voltetinear a saires by no troaay , but fore of circumstances jams : = the dactation to peceine evideat snd Sone formally in lahane lane ‘ho intervention shall take Here the Italian question nition of tbe new State by Europe. todo so? We doubt it. The stubbornness of the Pepe vids Kapies of Venice are loud mough to strike our ears, however we may shut them. The Italian question, thea, boing likely to take still larger prepo tions, our best, safest and most be is that line of strict duty by which, this dus last year, we might have prevented war, and by which We may how guarantee the peace of Europe. That line ie—no foreign intervention, but Italy for the Italians NAPOLEON'S ITALIAN POLICY APPROVED IN PARLIA- MENT. In the House of Commons, on the 84 inst , Lord J. Rus- sell said :—I1 wil refer to the questions of my honorable friend, the membor for Bridgewater (Mr. Kinglake). He bas stated much with regard to the late war in Italy, which this is not the proper occasion to discuss, but which may hereafter come under consideration All I can say with regard to the other part of this subject is, that we have in Paris a very able ambassador, and a military @ttaché to the embassy, possessing great knowledge and experience of the French army. From neither one nor the other fhas her Majesty's government received any ac. count of any extraordiuary military preparations im France. As for the statement of 600,000 men to be in Teudiness for the field by the spring, there is nothing to corroborate it. A great number of men may be called on to serve in the French army by conscription, and a general conecription takes place in the course of every year, The honorable gentleman must recoliect that the peace of Zurich has not long been signed, and the Congress that was summoned for the pur- pose of rendering the pacification of Italy solid and durable has not been held. It is therefore desirable while peace is 80 recent and the affairs of Italy hay’ not yet settled down, to use every means to prevent a re- newal of the war, or any collision in Italy tuat might ex cite it. Her Majesty's government has recently been en- gaged in efforts to secure the permanence of that peace; and 1 cam state that everything that has been done has proved must satisfactory. “We have represented to the government of Sardinia the danger of any collision with Austria on the territory of Venetia or elsewhere, and I have to day received an assurance from the Sardinian government that it will do nothing tending to cause a re- Rewal of hostilities. France, also, is far from desirous that there should be any renewal ot the war—the govern- ment of the Emperor is itsef earnestiy and un- remittingly on secure the solidity and permanence of the peace. Austria, though up to ‘Acquiesce in the present state of italy, is by mo moans disposed to renew the war by ‘any attack on the Powers in porscasion of the country. (Hear, hear). With- owt venturing to predict what will be the course of events in @e next year, I may say that the present aspect of Suppose that France is” making’ the fuillary "pro. suppose rance military pre: (hye | my — honorable bas to. ‘ith regard ‘and the great aotivit ? a the late King of the French, Louis irew up a plan for increasing the navy. Every ruler of France for nearly the last bi years bas endeavored to increase and strengthen rine. They have all considered, naturally presen Pera Ae & great maritime Power. jand and France have endeavored to be strong at with a view to any rivalry, but from a belief that nation ought to maintain its ancient character. 1 canhot say, therefore, that the naval preparations of Fraace ‘ought to be a matter of jealousy to us. If the two nations agreed that there should be no such preparations, and no strong Bavy, we might expect France to follow our course in that reepect; but, while France determines to make berself strong at sea, and we like to have a stronggavy also, I do not think it @ reason why the two nations should have any dispute with each other. tion of the honorable and gailant member for Dungannon (Colonel Knox), I have to state that the treaty which. he mentions cannot be laid on the table of the House before Monday apa ra ployed, an received full powers to negotiate that treaty, were Lerd Cowley and Mr. Cobden. (Cheers ) BRITISH TORIES AND HIGH CHURCHMEN SUPPORT THE POPE AND NAPLES. (From the London Herald (Derby organ), Feb. 4.] ‘ * * * * j ed if Hi a7 at t But there are other Italian Powers from whom reforms are to be invited. There is Pius IX. The influence of Protestant England is doubtless to be brought to bear upon his recalcitrant Holiness. As the 20,000 Frenchmen now in Rome cannot extort concession, the author of the Durham letter will perhaps write him a dispatch or send a@ British flect.to Civiia Vecchia. Taen there is the young King of Naples. His peculiar position invites our inter: ference. dis father laughed at our protests and defied our fleets. We will visit his sins en his successor’s head. Already the first mme has been sprung. A few days ago the Mormng Post announced, vith delight, that the repre- sentatives of Englaad and France had ‘invited reform,” and had expressed the hope that concessions would be made to popular feeling. It was a manly and benorable step om the part of France and Mngland. A young monarch, succeeding to an Italien throne aia time of un- paralleled difficulty, when dynastics are passing away, and the very foundations of the old system in Jialy are being violently uprooted, is suddenly called upon by two foreign Powers to surrender his sovercign rights and recognize their will and thesr power of interference. Apart from the indig- nity offered to an independent monarch, could an act of groscer injustice, short ef actual interference by force, be perpetrated? ‘The knowledgo that France and England believe there is just ground for demanding reform is a godsend to revolutionista, foreign and internal; and their spontaneous action in this matter seems like a premodi tated instigation to revolt. Garibaldi and Cavour make little secret of their ultimate hepes. But we have yet to learn that Eagland and France are actaated by similar inspirations, and that the most mdependent nationality in Italy’ is te follow the path of any and Parma and Modena, and swell the territory of Victor Emmanuel. There is, we sincerely believe, ‘no ground for half the rumors that are circulated im this country respecting the state of society in the Two Sisilies. Six months ago we were told that with the dismissal of the Swiss mercenaries the throne of the Bourbons would fall to the ground. Tbe protection of the sovereign and the defence of the country are now in the lands of Nea- politan , yet the young King is at least as safe as wher he could rely on thousands of Swiss bayomets where he now counts hundreds. It is absurd to suppose that while the flame of revolution is burping so near to the ption of private property from capture at sea in timo | eee iad an interview with Viscount Palmerston on | the evening of 24 of February. aaa a Station was introduced by Messrs. Horsfall and | Rwart, M.P.s for Liverpool, and consisted of Mr. © | Reberison, President of the Chamber of Commerce; Mr. ‘IT. Dawaon, Vice President; Mr. Thomas Beach (Chamber of Comm Mr. Thomas Bains, Secretary, Liverpool office; from chester, Mr. T. Baziey, M. P.; frem Leeds, Mr. J. Lambert council of the Chamber of Commerce); from Hull, Mr. Clay. M. P.; from Belfast, Mr. Ieone Levi agent fer the Chamber of Commerce); trom Bristol, Mr. $F". Gore Langton, M. P., and Mr. M. Whitwoll (council - | of the Chamber of Commerce); from Glovoester, Mr. H. Phillpotts (Chamber of Commerce) ; from Shefileld, Mr. J. Jcbeon Smith and Mr. Rebert Jackson. Lord PALMERSTON said that be would net sae the de- tation by professing to agree w . He consider- ba that ihe very existence of this country depended on its poegessing the command of the seas, and that is was neces- and specially the samen nevigeting Powers. War was an enormous evil, | sometimes necessary to ge to war in self-defence; and 4 | Daval Pewer like England oeght not te surrender any means of weakening ber enomice at sea. If we did no | seize their seamen om beard their merchant vessels w | Shoutd have te @ght them \n board their ships-of-war. H» denied that private prepety was spared in waron land | any more than im war at sea. Om the eomtrary, armics in an enemy's country took whatever they wanted or de- sired without the slightest regard to the rights of proper- ty, as we should find to our cost ia hestile army shoul! ever sueceed im landing im this country. Reeeption of Ve! ter Officers by Queen Victeria—A Nevel Point of Court Eti- quette. ‘TLondoa (Feb. 2) — of Manchester Guar- leading a im to day's Times om eis tecitin Kt Thaler, daboete oF ton sion of the ministry to entertain any apprehension on that./ and score, and, strong im the feeling of conscious impunity, their resistance will not be checked by foars of its possi- le consequences. We may expect, therefore, to find this Neapolitan frontier, a government so anpopuiar as that of Naples ig described to be, could bold its own for a day. But even here a wretched spirit of meddling bas committed us to an unfriendly attitude towards a fovereign with whom we are at peace, and to whose throne, we unbeaitatingly say, it ought to be the policy of England to give every possible sccurity. We are, in fact, re embarked upon the old policy of and turtulcnce which has made Lord Palmerston’s name detested throughout Europe. Lord John Russell's auawer to Mr. Griffith respecting the interference of Sir J. Hudsom, revealed the length to which our present system of inter- ference ie carried; and we believe that before long still further proofs of this unjustifiable intrusion of our advice and centwo! will be forthcoming. It was bad enough when Lord Palmerston was pursuing an English policy, a8 it was termed, to know that, were alienatng the sympa- thies of Kurope by our continual intervention, it we are infinitely worge of sow, for we are cstranging Europe ‘by our zeal m carrying French schemes; and we are weakening every Ue that binds us to Continental nations, for the sake of realizing an idea of Napoleon III. Seme day the bubble will burst, we shall haw playad our but toe well, and our powerful ally wilk astonas) the world by his PIUS THE NINTH IN A VERY SERIOUS POSITION. [From the Lendoa Post (Goverament organ,) Feb. 3.) re * * > ° ition taken up by tho Pope is unquestionably a pold one, but inte h. In the face of facts he has te maintain his bad geverument to be good: and, contrary to the theory of all ny wont ily _ WS that ime of his tem; Tone essential ieaky ome. this coclesiastical jaradiction, shea a ible, they rely hich is said to be the source of such unteld bicenin 4 him, ‘The truth is that the Pope’s sabjects loathe bis geverament. The wickedness of his Ministers and the tyranny detest the connection dels. And the remainder, gion, ‘the Pope as its bead, are irritated Peed peti hhebwcd tine prostitution of his name and au- Could Italy, : ce i And, aboveall, urge, msist for French troops from [taly, but especially from Rome. What is the talking about non-interference whilst 20,000 French soldiers are forbidding Rome manifesting her ver- dict about Papal rule? The withdrawal as soon as tho Pope's security would be guaranteed, was promised since 1849. It was promised again in 1856, on condition that the Austrian troops would withdraw from the Roman know that a tree is to be judged by ie fruits, and hey rightly iwfor that there iust 90 aomething rot ime eyretm which wihets much upon a peoole sturally disposed to quietness and content. The reet of Europe secs the Rom government im the pame light. Framce, espectolly ‘ws talen up the cause of taly, amd it ve mow clear as the ivy that an immense change | at sand, Things cannot resin as they are. This evil Symon must be reformed from above or below, If the rulers do not wmdertake the task, suredly the people will But the Pope haw said that he will bot reform What Will he do, then? He will uot give up the Romagna, How Wi) be get it Dack again? Wil. he march wroops inte the DMarcbes, and ravage with fle and sword? Phat cannot be permuted, Will be ally himself with Naples aod Auta to undo wbat France and Sardinia did last yoar? That were to draw down the arms of France again upon the plains of Italy, Austria, moreover, has her haeds full, A revolt” wy Hungary, soother in Venetia and @ bankrupt exobequer at Vieomy, would be very upfavorable to Austria’s efficioncy ag ae ally, while the King of Nsples needs atl the troops he gaa support (o guard bis own throne and dynasty. It is abctird, therefore, in the Pope to say he will not give up the Romagna. It bas gi: him up temporally; and, if “bo do not mind it, will, in all probability, give ham ‘up ynrttually too. ‘There remains but ene other course if he sti!! conmuue obstinate—tho old weapon, namely, of spiri tual censure. His Holiness will call down fire from hea- vew to copgume his enerics. He can put the revoited province under an interdict; he can excommunicate the e@kicat son of the Church and the King of Sardinia. If thia suffice not, be cam place am interdict upom France, and raieé up against the Bm, the standard of rebellion But this ie a iate time of day to play that game. The pre- lacy of France bas, indeed, been Ultramontane of late; but the people will wot forget history. Thoy are mot prepared to surrender their Iberty, even im rehgion, to we passions of @ coaclaye of Cardinals, @ the dictation of an obstinate Ponull. The influence of the priests is in gome places great amougst the women, but not amongst the men; and the powerful haad with which any attempt to sow the seeds of sedition would in- steatly be put down throughout the empire, makes it im the highest degree improbable that the clergy should commit themsolves to a crusade against the Emperer, and impos faible that it should succeed if attempted. What, then, isthe Pope to do? He must reform his go- Yernment, or wait till the rising tide sweeps mis temporal power away, and leaves him tw make what terms bo can with the spirituality of Catholic Europe. The infatuation of allowing matters to turm upon such a point is inexylica- ble. The reluctance to cede apy portion of the territory which be believes himself to be entrusted with for his suc- eeasors i8 intelligible; butthe refusal to reform abuses patent to every eye but his owt 4 those of his toadies and satellites can only be attributed to the blindness which ig said to be heaven sent to those on tho Brink of ruin ; RUSSIAN SUPPORT OF EUROPEAN NATIONALITIBS. The Invalide Kusse, expresses approval of the gradual frouping of the European States according to nationalities, thos :—*There still remain two nations cut op isto small fragments by the policy of the middle ages, but they have alco begun their advances towards unity. Germany at one time covtained 50Usovereignties, bolovging toas many feu Oalprinccs. That number gradually tli to 200. During the first wars of the French Republic it was reduced w 140, and Napoicon 1. moulded them into eight. But the Congress of Vienna, wishing to restore the empire to its former condition, again raised the number to thirty-eight States. Occupying the middle of Europe, with 38,900,000 inhabitants, Germany might, if united, bold the most im- portant, and perhapé oven the first position in the pouitical system of Europe, and that would be ail the more useful © bumanity that the intelligent German uation, so active and enlightened, is pot surpassed by the ambition of con quests and preponderating influence. Germany is well aware of the advantage aud even absolute necessity of fusing all its component parts into one notion, but dynastic interesis will oppose this tendency, for ‘s long time yet. The present his- toric period is distinguished by the Jesire of different populations of the same race to coalesce into one body politic, and the German movement towards unity bas again began. That movement is neither turbsleut nor violent, Dut it is remarkable for ita caimacss, good sense, and perseverance—quaitties so much the more eetimable that they are a sure presage of success in some shape or other. So carly as the sixteenth cevtury Luther and Meiancthon; in tbe midst of their religious roferm, con. templated the fusion of the German nation sato one body. In our own time the Prussian Customs Union is aigo a step in the same direction, In Italy, the movement has now reached a definitive crisis. The year 1860 will probably do much towards setiling this grand question, but sssu- redly will not eolve it epurely. Such revolutions are only efiected in the course of centuries, which are the same to vations as years in the life of an individual. ‘The analogy between Germany and Italy is evident, but if the end is the same, the means of attaining it necessarily differ, be- cause the cheracter of the two races is not the same. The general hopes of Italy rest on Sardinia, which is pro- tected by Franee, while in Germany every mind, every heart turps towards Prussia, strong and independent, the per of German intelligence and progress. MAZZ281 ON ITALIAN: PREEDOM. Ina letter to Mr. Jobn M’Adam, of Glasgow, M. Maz zini urges the importance of ‘ patioualizing the Italian movement,” and says: Explain to your countrymen that our aim is unity— sosre eat is the root of the pe raprer aed Ln ink eon ‘anqnil, Europe never be at pene, whi su- preme aim of ours is not reached. Take up yoar govera- ment's of nen interierence from, foreign force in ef visedly You will sce, I trust, from the Parliamentary report of Tuesday, that while Lord Palmerston declares loudly for the non-interference priacipie, be is interfering, through Sir James Hudson, against our embodying into a mihtary effective orgavization under Gari our National Guaras. Urge for support being givem to the claimed annexation of the duke- doms of Tuscany, of the Legationste Piedmont. Bona- partem is the anuexation of the Dukedoms, doubtful about the rep ae about Tuscany witherawal of the Provinces. It is asked for by the Pope; it is by the Itatian people; and since the war for independence it js a logica’ deduction, as, since the peace of Villafranca with Austria, itis an elementary political duty. Ask for it, petition, speak, resolve in every meeting for it. Rome free is Italy ‘one; and the movement now going on amongst your Ca- tholic population ought to stir up your Protestant beliey- erg to something like a counter demonstration. ‘The Free Trade Movement, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF MANGHESTER ON THE TREATY WITH FRANCE The annual meeting of the Manchester (England) Chamber of Commerce was held on Monday, the 30th ot January. The report alludes tothe Napoleon Cobden treaty of commerce in the following terms:—‘ At the close of their year of office, it affords the directors much sutisfaction to be enablea to congratulato the members of the Chamber on the dawn of free trade principles in France, as eviaencea by negotiations now on foot between her Majesty's government and that of the Emperor of the French, which negotiations your directors trust will be found te confer important bedefits on both countries, a8 well a8 to foster and consolidate those intimate and friendiy relations arising out of the alliance which now happily subsists between us.” e ‘CaAIKNAN, in addressing the meeting, drew the attention of the members to the state of the cotton trade iwelf, to the amazing increase in the trade during the Isst year, and to the necessity there was (or forethought for seeing where they stood. He had made, at some trouble, calculation of the probable exports for the present year. These would§very nearly amount to £40,000,900, Which would be nearly an increase of £3.000,000 on last year, and of £5,000,000 upon the year previous. That was a startling increase; but on comirg to look where it arose it would be ‘seen that it was due solely to one portion of the world—India and China. Looking at the whoie state of the cotton.trade we had not yet recovered from the eter before 1857. If it had not been for the incroase of the exports to. India Ube cotton trade would not have stood in as’ good a posi- ion ag it was previous tothe crisis. The cause ef the great incrcase im the demand for goods for India arose in ‘the amazing increase m the capital sent out to that coun- try, which, during the last three years, would not amount to less than £60,000,000. We must not consider the pre- Sent state of the cotton trade as the mormal one, for ua- leas these loans were contiaued we should not Gad the in- crease of exports continue to the East. If so, the our cottom trade would be much changed in tweive months. The export to India this yoar would amount to upwards ef £17,000,000, and from this it would be scen that the proportion of our cotton exports to the Hast was £17,000,000 eat of £46,000,008. If our cotton trade was to be increased it must probably be with the Mast, and this brought bim to the question of the policy of the Indian government. The report stated that they haafeent a reeolu- tion protesting against any increased duties on manufac- tures to the Fast. There was a rumor afloat that these duties were to be increased, and if they were they would materially affect our prosperity. Nothing could be more unsound in policy than increased duties on manufactured gooos going into a really of our owa country. It was burning the candle at both onae, 80 to Speak; taxing ourselves for exports from India, and for the imports of these same cotton goodsagan. With respest to our prospects of commercial relations with France, it was 4 gource of no smail seusfaction w bim and to many ef thoge present, that the increased commercial intercourse we were likely to have with that country was owing to the efforts of a gentleman who, they must ail admit, was more entitled to the thanks of the eommercial world, for the benefits he had conferred on trade, than avy other man at present living. (Applauge.) It was to his quiet and resistiess energy that we mainly owed the chance ef increased trade with France. It might net be fully known, bot it came within his own recollection thirty-five years ago, that, up to 1825, thereiwas imposed an ad valorem duty on imports of cotton is trom France of ne less than seventy-five per cent. In 1825, the duty war reduced to ten per cent, wah 3X4. per square yard em printed coeds. Jn 1832, the brandy duty ‘was reduced, but the ten per ceut remained on the import of cotton goods from France until 1846, when it was abolished altogether. Whilst the ten per cent duty ‘was umpoted the importation of cotton goods was slow and small, but in 1896 a large imcrease took place, principally im the finer descriptions of printed goods. It was probable that the duty ‘on cotter would be entirely repealed in France, and then the competition would be stronger with ourselves. The French would be able t produce nauch for export—their duty was now 1d. por Ib,, or an average of from 6s. to 128. per bale, varying according to the pinde from which it was imported. The which would take place, nome peed to fear, for if it were injurious in one point, it weuld be beneficial in another—it_ would give us @ market we much needed for our finer class of goods, t- stead of our energies being directed to an amazing export of goods of a lew character, for the eastern markets, and tend algo to keep up the standard of our taste. Mr. J, Cumin moved the adoption of the repert. After alluding to the unexampled state of prosperity which prevailed at present ce Ge ieee ve, pei! sei tricta, be saiu,at the close ph Pe tate national law question, u) whicn there weuld Use difference amongst commercial men, but which would be difficult to deal with by politicians and statesmen. —_————$—— The efforts of the directors in attaining their ob. jectmight not be so rapid as they coula wish, but ho Moped that they would ultimately sucoeed. With re gard t our relations with Frauce, though he did not Snlicipate apy speody result from tho treaty that had been announced, stil they must admit that a decided a4 vance bad been made in the path of free trate. It was a ques How of tune with the government of Frauce bow far tho Prinsiple wight be emended, 66 as Cab day more equally be put upon & par with the prinsiple we advocated in England. ‘The chairman had stated that our present pros perity was main'y owing to the rapid increase in the ex port of mawufactures goods to our India poasoasions—an Morease which had surpassed all the anticipations whick the most experienced among them might have formed. There wore causes alloged jor that increase whieh Ouges to lead us Lot Wo wntionpate that it would be maintaiaed for rome time to come. The extensive outlay of money in miltary operations ia Tadia, the great expenditures in mak- ing jublio works, which were being pushod forward with desyaich, the iscressing coprumption of the agricultural wrcauce Of India, and the remunorative returns that have een made from it, bave cioulated money and raied the sooia! condition of the ryots of that country so that their capsemption of manufactured goods bas increased. So much had this been the case that he had been informed ‘Wat the weavers were leaving their ill-paid Bandioraft operations aad resumisg what we wished them to do— agricultural operations, for there could be no questien that the interests of India would be best promoted y ¢eveloping the agricultural products of the soil. 7c, wnth mur skill and capwat, and mechanical in- vgatten, could supply them at all times more econemirally with (her clothisg than they sould provide tt for them- Ags regarded exports of manufactured goods from this country, India was now only excelled by America. Tae £16,008,000 of exports a fow years ago was only £10,000,- ee, a few years hence they may rise to £25,000,000 or £30,000,000; and we might live to see them bes0me equal even to those of America. He trusted that all these ques. tious would recetve the serions attention of the chamber, aud he concluded by moving the resolution. Mr. W. Extwists sevonded the resvlutio He attributed the present stato of our prosperity wo Re odeice with which the government had eonducted our ge affairs, sad to the oxpreasion of public opinion pronounced out of doors, that jlamd should abstain from interference in the internai comceras of any foreign nation. He congrat- ulated the chamber upoe the prospect of tne relaxation of the probibitory laws of France, but said that he could not avoid remarking that if greater cncoeragement to the importation of our products mto Frynce was to be giv By apy concessions on our part, these must be mad om those products which France’ could give ua in turn. To a large extent those products were articles ef luxury, and he could not but say that if concessions on such things as wine and silk were to be made, i; would be difficult to see where customs’ duties were to be im, if not upon such articles as these. We could not shut our eyes to the fact that if duties were to be relaxed to apy considerable extent upon articles such as those he haa mentioned, and if the result shold be that a loss of revenue had to be faced, it was @ very serious question from what source thas logs of duty was to be mate good. If we were to resort to the common refuge of needy chancellors of the exchequer, namely, an augmentation of the eome tax, it was high time for gentlemen com- nected with all the chambers of commerce in the coun try, to consider whether they were prepared to force a per anent imposition of the income tax in a form which he cotild not characterise as other than approximaung closely to injustice. He meant the plan of levying the ame rate upon permanent incomes as upon those de- rived from situations, trade, commerce, &c. Mr. Hxxky Asuworts moved the appointment of scru- tineers fer conducting the election of directors He said the chairman bad remarked that our exports to India might bave bees, and probably had been, largely sacreasd by reason of the expenditure in war and on public works. le knew no reason why we ehould lose money by India. (Hear, bear.) India was capable of producing every article of necessity, ia raw products, for manufactures, which we required; but whilst we had been Errorsiag India, a small portion of the United States of America beem ‘cultivated with cotton, and the American people Were now making £50 ,000,000 a year, whilst we were running into debt to the tune of £12,000,000 a year, to govern India, which could, and would, if properly go- verned, produce every pound of that cotton we now wanted. He could not but conclude that if the people of India, or the government, had paid as much attention to the growth of cotton as to the growth of opium, by this time we should have been well served. (Hear, hear.) He rejoiced that we had anythimg in shape of a treaty with France, which was 80 nearly allied to us, and had been 60 song kept at arm’s length from us. He had now becn in duseness for ferty years, and he had never yet found the name of a French merchant in his ledger. (Laughier.) sefore he died, he should like to have a good Inany French names in it; and be saw no reason why we should demur to receive anything in the shape of a treaty or negotiation, so long as it would bring us gearer to @ people with whom we ought to bave a great deal todo. Phe French were more mumerous than the American people: they could pay for what they perenn ene month tn the following with as facility as @ merchant in London could. Why, then, should they be secking markets at six months’ distance from us, and overlooking the lena a of a market ‘within one months’ payment from us. ere might be, and probably there were, many of the public journals that demurred to the manner in which thistreaty with France bad been brought about. He did not hear that any one of them said the Emperor of the French was not a free trader, and all he was a stickler for stern principles, it ‘did not always follow that in dealing with people we could wait until they became converted or con- vineed. Troe ceald enable tent to sporoack to what we delieved sound pi ‘we ought not to chary of inquiring whether the thing had been done in the ortho- ox way or by gome other means. He hoped before the time came when this treaty was to be considered in Par Bament, they might give from the chamber some more emphatic approach thas that contained in the report, and that they should asgure Parliament whethey they were or ‘not favorable to the tions therein embodied. Mr. OcpEn seconded the resolution, which was carried. GERMANY IN FAVOR OF FREE TRADE. A Hamburg lettor speaks as follows of the effect pro. @uced in Germany by the news of the treaty of com- merece between England and France. The German jour- nals are all discussimg the treaty, and they unanimously acknowleoge that the preference given to the system of prowetive Guties, instead of prohibition, is a great pro- greae for France, whose manufactures have row attained & degree of perfection which will enable thef{ to bear competition. Prussia scems firmly resolved to follow in the same track. Her diplomatic agents accredited to the Ger- man governments composing the Zollverein have received instructions in that eense. and the Berlin Cabinet demands carte blanche for the conclusion of a treaty of commerce with France and England. Among the States cf the Zoll- yerein, Saxony, Hatever, and the States of Thuringia, bave pyaar” f declared in favor of a reduction of customs Guties on all raw materials, and of a gradual approach to the free trade system. There is reason to hope that the Southern States of Germany—especially Bavaris and Wur- temberg, which alone have hitherto resisted these tenden- cies—will now accede to the wishes of Prussia with a view to the advantages théy could not fail to derive from a commercial treaty with France. TRE BULLION DRAIN AND RATES OF DISCOUNT. {From the Lonaen Shipping Gazette, Feb. 4 } The somewhat sudden decline in the shipments of spo- cie from the United Siates, ata period of an active de- mand for bullion, both on’ account of the Continent and the East, has produced no little excitement in commercial circles this week. In order to check the too rapid outflow of gold, the directors of the Bank of England have found it necessary to advance their miaimum rate of disdount to four per cent, and elsewhere money has risen in price, to the great inconvenience of thoee who, for some time past, have been operating upon an insecure basis. In former impreeeions of the Shipping Gazette we bave predicted the Present state of things, and, when monsy was obtainable atthe Bank at two anda half per cent upon the best paper, we intimated » looking to the future, considering the small quantities of gold on pas: Sage from Australia, the sensitive state of the foreign exchanges, and the great prosperity of trade and com- merece, ere long money in the discount market would be worth four or five-—perhaps more—per cent. We have alrcady arrived at the first named figure. Shall we reac five per cent within the next month’ It is saii that the directors of the Bank of England have taken alarm at the enormous quantities of Indian rupee paper which con- tinue to be disposed of in the Stock Exchange; but surely they, like ourselves, must have long since become ac. quainted with the determination on the part of the Indian Council, under the pressure of circumstances, to transfer & very large portion of the Indian native debt to this coun. try. This transfer, we need scarcely say, must lead to beavy ehipments of ailver to Calcutta; and go long as pur- chasers can be fouad, for ‘‘enfaced”’ paper—of which, be is observed, there are now three denominations on sale, viz; the four per cents, worth about 83; the five per cents, offerimg at 97%; and the five and a half per cents, at 1053;—so loug will large quantities be offered. Now, unquestionably, these bape are most tempting figures to the owners of capital; and, bearing in mind that our three per cont national stock is worth 9414, wo are not surprised to find what may be termed a realy ruarket for Indian gsecurities offering a comparative- ly high rate of interest, with full sccarity for both prin- cipal and interest. The question may be well asked— whther Indian paper does net offer betier security to the holders than many foreign stocks, whother thoy be ‘fa- vorites”’ im the gpeculative market, or whether they have assumed the cbaracter of Spanteh or Mexican bonds? We do not say that Indian finances are ina flourishiag state, though we have reason to know that the in- come of the three Presidencies is now within two millions per annum of the expenditure; still there is no doubt in Our mids but that the holders of rupee paper are in a safe position. Whetber it be held in England or India, the interest must be paid—whetber it be derived direct from Calcutta or from the enormous amounts of ca) paid, from time to time, into the hands of the Council here, for railway and other purposes. Nevertheless, when it is discovered that over one million in silver has already this gs some time will be a severe one, a ‘strong’? mouey market ig the result, We will not, at present, enter into any de- tails of the causes which have lea to excessive shipments ef gold to the Continent We must Test satisfied with the fsct that cap “Pind whole the changes are us 5 we may consider ‘how. sfar the al operations of the country are likely to be interfered with, as a con- soqeonce of the ws want of adequate s ies of the precious metals. And ‘we may remar an error is very fm more than one quarter; that the present rise rate of discount, aud even another advance of one e exchanges bs at Paris and New York they stil! show an unfavorable tendency. ‘The amount ix gold known to be on passage from Austra- Ke is only £412,000, and the enormous quantities of cotton continue to & marketat New York, New Orleans, &c.,0n English account, are likely to have more or less in- fluence upon the extent of the remittances from the Ameri- cam ports for some time. With limited {mportations of baltion, then, whe will pretend to say that we shall find money lower in price durmg the next two moaths than it now is? Nay, who can predict with safoty that the bank may not find X necessary to ‘advance the rate next week to four and a balf per cent? Ne doubt, however, that the value of discount socom modati lated by ‘he state of the balauce twade botw try abd tbe Uniied Stales; heute, the soustoas cae internal (rase of America inay, in’ some gulate that balance. r ma THE COTTON SUPPLY OP ENGLAND—rrs IMPORTANOR TO SOCIRTY AT Lange From the (Loncon) Covtos Supply Reporter, Feb, 3) pwards of 600,000 Workers are mow employed in our Cotta factories, and it bas been estimated that at least 4,000,000 persons in this countey are depeadent upon the cotlow Wade for subsistence. “A contury ago contained a populauon of only 300,000 ‘persons; 11 pow 2,800,000. Ia the same period of time tals caer- mOUs in crease exceeds that ou any other equal surface of the globe, and 16 outirely owing to the developement of the cotton trade Ia 186t) there were, in the Unitad a 2,210 factories, running 28,000,000 spiniles and 2 2,008 looms, by 97,000 horse power. Since ‘Unat period a een- siderable Dumber of sow mills have been erected and ox- tensive addiuons have been made to the spinning and ‘Weaving machinery of these previously in existence. The amount f actual invested in the cotton trade by] pee ts catimaled to Le Lerceen £60,000,000 and , meee, 8 quantt) cotton imported tmto this iat 1869. was 1,1813 million poontet veh in Ney te which at 6d. per 1b. is equal to £30,000,000 storling. Out Of 2,829,110 bales of cotton imported into Great America has supplied us with 2,086,541, that is 6 Tihs of the whole. Im other words, out of every Tib. imported all countries inte Great Britain, America has supplied 6ib. India haa sent us about 608,000 bales, Exypt about 100,006, South America, 124,008; and othe ‘countrien botvesst 8,008 and 9,000 bales. In 1859 the total value of the «- ports from Grest Britain amounted to £130,613,186, of which £47,620,920 constted of cotton goods aad yaras. ‘Thus, mere than one-third, or 1£ out of every £3 Of ow quire exports, comaists of cotton. Add to this the proper- iom of cotton which furms part of 12,000,000 more ex- Ported in the shape of mixed weollens, haberdashery, , Silks, appara, and siops. Great Britain aleae cvasumes annually 24,000,000 worth of cotton goeds. conclusions, therefore, may safely be drawn from jacts ana figures pow ocited—first, that the af every cotton-werker are bound up with tic trade which k fon will be chiefly rege- &7 ii i ors GR SS il fg ployed. Calculate the comsequences for yourself. Imagine dearth ef cotton, and you may picture the horrors of such pra rge 4 from the scemes you may possibly have wit- nessed when the miils have ouly run om ‘short time.” Count up all the trades that are kept going out of the wages ‘king classes, independent of build mechanics, engineers, cobiiers, ‘&c., employed by the owners. Raiiways would cease to pay, and our shi would lie rotting in their porta, sboula a’ scarcity ef raw material for maui overtake us. ery by the Dutth, (From the Hong Kong Register, Dec. 2.) We have been favored with a letter from Sou dated the 2d ult., which gives some information regar: the aspect which slavery had latterly assumed im the Netherlands’ Indian domigions. In Netheriands’ India, slavery was utterly abolished em the 20th September last. In every town of the island of Sourabaya & governmental commission was appointed to aasooe the value of the slaves, amd the value thus assessed ‘was held at command of the ex owner by the governmens treasurer. Many who had heid property in this shape would not receive any indemnification, preferring the more agree- able act of seM-manumidoa. Others accepted it, in order that the monetary value could be at once given over te those who, by the action of the government, had boca passed from slavery to freedom. This is not noted, how- ever, ag anything extraordinary; for, our inforrasat tells us that for Many years no slave has been put up as public auction, with the few exceptional cases of persous dying intestate; and even in these, the slave has generally beea able to purchase freedom for the small sum of four or five rupees, and when this insignificant sum was not ferth- coming, the bystanders proffored it with an addition, to give the liberated a fresh start. This is pot a place or time to discuss the question ef slavery in the abstract, meither in its generalities, did we 86 the talent and power of a Wilberforce. But all jonor be to the broad-breoched race who have thus thrown it from them. Our Relations with Paraguay. ‘We give below the official text of the treaty of friend- ship, commerce and navigation, and the special convem tion for the settlement of certain American claims om Paraguay, mogotiated in February last, aad recently rasi- fied by the Senate in Washington :— TREATY WITH PARAGUAY. 4: TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE AND NAVIGA- TION BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERIOA AND THE REPUBLIC OF PARA- GUAY, CONCLUDED AND SIGNED IN THE CITY OF ASSUMPTION, THE CAPITAL OF THE REPUBLIO OF PARAGUAY, ON THE FOURTH DAY OF FRBRUARY, RIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND FIFTY-NINE, THE BIGHTY- THIRD YEAR OF THE INDEPENDENOS OF THE UNITED STATES, AND THB FPORTY-SEVENTH OF THAT OF THE RBPUBLIC OP PARAGUAY. by 8 “treaty and navigation,’ for that object inated plen}] that is to say: bis Excellency President of the United States bas nomioated James B. Bowlin a special com- Assi vnd his Excellency the President of the Republic of guay bas nominated the yan citizen, Nicolas Vas- quez, Secretary of State and Minster of Foreign Relations of the republic of Paraguay; who, after having communi- cated sompetent authorities, have agreed upos and com- cluded the following articles:— ARTICLE 1. There shall be perfect peace and sincere friendship between the government of the United States of Ame- Tica and the government of the republic of Paraguay, and between the citizens of }, and without ex- ception of persons or places. The high contracting parties shall priest ton endeavors tnat ies Lge 9 and good un may be constantly and perpetually maintained. . 3 ARTICLE 1. Tho Republic of Paraguay, in the exercise of the sove- reign right which pertains to her, concedes to the mew- chant flag of the citizons of the United States of America the free navigation of the river Paraguay as far as the dominions of the Empire of Brazil, aud of the right side of the Parana throughout all its course belonging to the re- public, subject to pulice and fiscal regulations of the sa- preme government of republic, in conformity with its con- ceasions to the commerce of friendly nations. They shall be at liberty, with their ships and cargoes, freely and se- curely to come to and to leave all the places and which are already mentioned; to remain and reside in any part of the said territories; hire houses and ware- houses, and trade in ali kinds of produce, manufactures and merchandise of lawful commerce, sndject to the usages and catablished customs of the country. They may discharge the whole or a part of their cargoes at the ports of Pilar, and where commerce with other nations may be permitted, or proceed with the whole or part of their cargo to the port of Assumption, according as the captain, owner or other duly authorized person shall deem expedient. In the same manner shall be treated and considered such Paraguayan citizens as may arrive at the ports of the United States of America with cargoes in Paraguayan vessels, or yeasels of the United States of America. ARTICLE M1. The two high contracting parties hereby agree that any favor, privilege or immunity whatever, in matters of commerce or navigation, which either contracting party has actually granted, or may hereafter grant, to tne citi- vena or subjects of apy other State, shall extend, in iden- bes of cases and circumstances, to the citizens of the otaer contracting party gratuitously, if the concession im favor of that other State shall have been gratuitous, or im return for am equivalent compensation, if the concession saail have been conditional. ARTICLE IV. No other or higher duties shali be im) portation or exportation of any article of the growth, pre- duce or mazufacture of the two contracting States than are or shail be payable om the like article being the growth, produce or manufacture of any other foreign country. No prohibition shall be imposed upon the im- portation or ex of amy arucle of the growth, produce or manutactare of the territories of bers the don the im- ARTICLE ¥. No other or higher duties or charges on account of ton- nage, light, or harhor duces, pilotage, salvage in case of damage or shipwreck, or any other local charges, shall be imposed in any of the ports of the territories of the republic of Paraguay om vessels of the United States of America than those payable in the same ports by Para- [may yessels, nor in the ports of the territories of the United States of Ameria om Paraguayan vessels than shall be payable in the same porw by vessels of tho United States of America. ARTICLE Vi. ‘The same duties shall be paid upon the importation and exportation of any article which is or may be legally im. portable or exportable into the dominions of the United States of America and into those of Paraguay, whether such importation er exportation be made in vessels of tha United States of America or in Paraguyan vessels. ARTICIB Ya. All yoesels which , aocord! te the laws of the United States of America, are to be deemed vessels of the Unived States of America, and all vessels which, according to the Jawe of Paraguay, are to be deemed yan vessels, boo pan ear of Smut, ‘be deemed vessels the U States of America and Paraguayan yossels, respectively. ARTICLE VE. Citizens of the United States ef Anorica shall pay, in the territories of the republic of Pa ay, the same import and export duties whioh are established, or may be ce- tablished hereafter, for Paraguayan citiseas. In the same manner the latter stall pay, in the United States of Amer rica, the cuties which are established or may hereafter be established fer citizens of the United Smtes of America. ARTIIE 1x. All morebants, commanders of ships and others, the citizens of each country, respectively, shall havo full lt. berty, im all the terrtories of the other, to their own affairs themselves, or to commit them to the maaage- ment of whomeoever they please, as agent, broker, fac- , tor, or interpreter; and they shall not be obliged to em- ploy any other persons than those employed by natives, to such persons as thay shall thivk fit to om. luneration than such as is y citizens of the United States of America in the