The New York Herald Newspaper, February 14, 1860, Page 2

2 ADDITIONAL FROM EURO THE MAILS OF THE CANADA. The Napoleon-Cobden Treaty of Commerce. : M8 EFFECTS ON THE ENGLISH ALLIANCE. DEBATE IN PARLIAMENT ON FREE TRADE, The Rothschilds, Prince Albert and Queen Victoria Inimical to the Movement. THE GREAT COTTON Agitation in Central Italy. QUESTION Serious Savoy and Mice to be Annexed to France. * AORTHERN GERMANY TO BE ARMED. Neutral Rights on the Continent and in England. Interesting Report of the French Minis- ter of Finance, &o., &e., Oar Miles from Europe by the Canoda, dated in Parts on the 27th and in Lopdon the 28th of January, contain the fotlowing very interesting details of the varied and ex Giting ews to that day, an abstract of which has already Deen received by telegraph from Halfax:— A letter from Vienna of the 24th of January seys:— On Saturday a deputation came to this city from Hun e, and apphed for an audience of his Maj-sty. Tnese egarians, who are the chogen represeaotat ves of thei: Prowstant brethren, have come to petition bis Majesty to Buspend his patent of the Ist of September, aud to con y bod tor the settlement of the aifairs of the evan- urch in the kingsom of Hungary. Tt is doabtfur he deputation will be admitted to the presence of the Emperor, but if it should not obtain a hearing the rapture between the sovereign aod the great taajority of dw Protestant subjects will be complete, THE COTTON QUESTION IN ENGLAND. So, dN, “Taqutred Into, dee Im the House of Lords, on the 27th of Jannary, Lord Brongham, in rising to move, according to notice, for re- ‘arne relating to the importation of cotton, said ho under. WEW \YORK HERALD, TUESDA | (Boar, tear.) He trusted that uo efforts would be | omitted by the people of this country to promote every rational enterprise for the supply of cotton in every quarter where it could be obtained, aud tha: all the en- couragement which the government could legitimavely | Bive Would be afforded. (Hear, hear.) Lord Wovmnovsk said that their lordships were aware ‘that the attention of several administrations had been given to the important point of opening up the rivers of Africa; and two expeditions with that view were now ac. tually ip progress, one on the Niger and the otber on the Yambesi. From both very satis actory information had Deen received with respect to the supply of cotton; and he would read a short extract from a recent despatch of Dr. Livingstone, dated Muy 12, 1869, referring to hiv visit to Lake Shirura and the av javent country :— Cotton ie cultivated largely, and ine further we went the crop appear:d to be of the greater importance. The women alone were well slothea @ith the produce, the men Deing coptent with goaiskine and acid.b made of bark of certain trees. Every one spin and weaves cotton. Even cb eis may be seen with thaspindie and bag, which serves tha deta The process of mwoutacuure is the most rade god tedious that can be concrived. The cottoa goes throngh five processes with the lagers before it comes to the loom. Time ié of no value They poesess two varie- ties of the plant. One, indigenous, yields couoa more like wool than that of uther countries [tis atroog, aod feels rough in the band. The other variety is from im- ported seed, yielaing & cotton thut readers it unnecessary to furnish tbe peovle with American seed A poiat ta ite culture worth noticing ia, the time of plantiog bas been elected so tbat the plants rematu tu the ground during winter, and Ove months or so after sowing th~y come to maturity before the rains begin or insects come forth to demage the crop On Slay 31, Dr. Lirheeane again wrote:— “Only two ¥ three of the Portuguese have planted cot- ton, The pedpie of the Shire, oa the cootrary, orought several bags of cotton for sale on our second visit, thougs no time bad. clapsed to allow of planting since we in- formed them of the existence of a murket ‘ihe cotton ‘rane @ quite ready for developement among them by agents such as Sierra Leone suppiies to the Niger. The ubabitants are quite inaependeut of the Portuguese, but unless @ late oroinance of the government of Portugal allows foreigners to settle ia the counury neither cotton nor sogar will be collected.” Reports bad at the same time been receives from the Niger, stating that e very great iacrease in the produce of iton bad taken place, but the exteasion of the supply certain districts was wainly depeudent on the suppres- m of the siave trade. (Hear, hear) He wighed he uid state tbat that great object—tte suppression of the slave trade—was near accoupliehment He was sorry, however, to say that the siave trade, on the contrary, ad increased ana tended tou still further tocrease. He concurred in thinking that the extension of iodustry and legitimate commerce among she natives of Africa was the ultimate means of extinguishing this most deplorable and xecrable trade; and ag the caluvation of coon was a most important branch of industry, the supply of tho semand of this country for that article woutd coingide in «marked degree with the suppression of the siave trade. He was not prepared to discuss the matter referred to by ‘tne noble and learned lord reiating to the int-rnal affairs of America, but ag regards whe siave trade, the United ‘States had by a recent measure shown their disposition to would never recur w the cursed trafic. Farl Gray observed it was quite true, as stated by the voble duke, that in our own cviontes the want of labor must for many years be ao obsiacie to any sensible in- creage in the oroduction of cotton; but in Africa there wus ap immense territory fited for tte cotton cultivation, aud a popuiation s ficient to carry it on. He was sorry to hear that the siave trade had increased, and he was a‘raid that its increased activity was waainly Owing to the aasis- tance it derived from the American flag. To the infinde and eternal disgrace of the Usated Stitgs,ghat coumary al- lowed its flag w be pr stituted for the purpore of enabling the ‘lave traders to defeut the effarts made for the suppression of the trade. He lelvewd” thal tf that went on America would incur the reprobation of every man of right feeling through- out the civilazed wold. (Heur, hear.) She would place atl under the Lon of homarazys and it was imposein'e that their lordsbips could express too strongly the indignavion they must feel at such disgryceful condact on the part of agreat country. (Hear, hear) But, besites America, he shoula have been giad to hear from the Under Secreta- ry for Foreign Affaire that another powerful nation, which was deepty Diawe in the mater of glavery, had seea the error of ber ways, aud had adogted a wisor policy. He should bave hked to hear from bis no- ble friend what was the position of France with ‘re- food there would be no objection on the part of the | spect to the slave trade. Tarir lordsbips knew what government to granting them. He thought it would be ‘most satisfactory to all to know that since the repeal of the @uty wpon cotton there bad been such an enormous in ‘creare in ‘he importation of cotton, from 63,000,000 Iba. to 1,024,000,000 Ibs , an increase of sixteen fold, and the im portations from the United States alone had rien from Z,A00,000 Ide. to 830,000,006 Ibs., or an increase of uniety teofula. This enormous increase in the importation o! yO—80 advantageous to our manufacturers aud the oommunny generaliy—bad been accomplished at the {a uthwg cost of £500,000, which was ine amount of the duiy ‘ByYODn cotton previous to its remission He hoped the fact woud be an eocouragement Lo ue Wo repeal duties withoat Gey regard to what was called the reciprocity sysvem, but fo repeal them simply because we wished w get rid of th Dercen unpored upon us by thove duties. here w than 480 articles upon which excise or customs levied, to the great discomfort of trade and the wiry Of Whoee who deait in those uruclea, while the fetal product to the revenne was under £1 ,000,000; in- deed, be believed it was oniy about £0: %. He Fejowed in the benefits which nxd resuited to the peopl @ we United States from our repeal of the duty oa raw eotten; but 1t should not de for, parown eolonws presented great (activ) ane he beped that ia Briiahs every encouragement Wool) be # mené to ihe cultivation of this mo above ull, he trusted that a tre @penec up on the east coast of Africa, iu tu by Dr. Livingstone, for upon te hi: Country cotton to auy amount, and of t got, with a might vbcouragement, ber, told that a cspital of y would be suffleent to eecure apa be axl bope that if i ment to interfere fo such Bar chester aud Liverpoot gam of money. Ln the Ununi s called * the dumestic institution u eyes tt was sarher on offence than an wititniwn),and the stare trade tous alto held to br am insiitu von (re, and ome of great an ity. We ourselves hnd sinwed greatly in both of these matters; but certainly nv paralict co be found ia any * material. id what was part of our history to te law gaia to Gave bevn recently Mt was hardly credible saat ta any enacted in Arkansas. wf free of color to a state of slavery upon the ground that the local nntborives found it dificult to @eal with them, and coulu not maintain a po! suffi France had done, While she hai nomioally abolished slavery in her domuuions, het government had di- rectly authorized the purchase of what were in mockery called “free emigrants,” of men brought down in chaius to the coast ano ped as free emigrants to Frenc3 coi- nies. Their lordehips were told last year that this atro cious system bad been put down on the east coast of Alrica Ale wanted to know what was going @pat present on the west coast There, he was informed, UNF syatem still continued, and under the name of dépdts d’andustrie, the French govern nent had slave markets, established places to which the slave trier might bring hia gooas and be certain of a market. To vretend te have abolwhed slavery in the French colonies while these markets ware ‘open for slaves was a mockery and a delusion. (Hear, bear.) Every oue kuew that the receiver of stolen goods was the maiu promocer of theft, aud was a more danger. ous person than the actual thief, So with respect to savory. The Under Secretary bad told their lordsnips that tbe growth of cotton in certain parts of Africa had deen stopped by recent slave huute. For what -parpose were thege slave hunts undertaker? Were thoy or were- they vot undertaken for the purpose of obtaining victims lo Supply the contract authorized by the French govorn- ment? onght to know England, o: conree, bad no authority ® dictate to France. 3 migbt do what she thought right; bat if she continued to eueourage the accursed traflic ig slaves she mUst CRpECt to Lave minders in both houges of Parliament freely expressing§their options of her coa- duet, aud to find that conduct con‘emued turoughout tue civilized world. (Hear, hear.) OMBHOLEH pegrecied to be obliged to concur tn tie Ear! that the American flag had cpt of tue nek uted for the protection of the dave trade: but, on hand, vt was some comsoation to Iencw that’ the nment had arknnoleiged that their Frica was imeffretive, wast had elk. The proposed aadi- tion hac tot been as fuily carried out az he trusted tt would be; but sul, what bad been aoue showed the de- termination of the American government to maintain th purity of their flag, ont to prevent the exportation of Slaves from Africa. He was tkewibe obliged to coacur ia the remarks of his noble friene upon the French emigra. stion echeme, but he was hajpy to say that the Freach government had potan end to the ssstem on the vast, coast of atrica, and bad expreseed its Intentiag, when the exikting contract Dad termtoated, to abandon it ou the west const aleo. Negouations were commenced by the late governmert with the government of France for the emigration of coobes from our territories in India, Those pecotuations had been continued by the presout govern- Gient to restrain Wem. Yettuey wore to be reduced w | ment, and be trusted they would be brought to a succers- slavery unless they oonseniod to be bausbed! Ja other ww of the States, he believed, this bad beon a mere ‘areat, but in Arkansas Kuch a law wae reported to have ‘Deen acted upon, 80 that thonsands of free peopie of color Thad been driven from the country, and those who chos fo remain hat beea reduced to boncage. Eagiushmon oauld not avoid exyreseing Lueir nus Ou these subje though they bas to rigut ¢ Ai ID Any viher wi Re might be wed that bude, very were él grat oriquity , but the sam defence would aruly'to msacre ant muriter, for the fir’ man wo wis born murdered the seomd.’ Although that, tere! De a defence in ‘the eyes of cur Kinsmen in ) States of America, Mt was not to bis u ion of the crime. in the other hand, t that we coud grown under toejdomestic He shoalc glad to bear from the noble duke (of Newcast'e) (hat the stateent reopecting the Jew to which he had referred was grevily exaggurated Dui, without foliowwg that suhjiect any Mrther now, he would move for a return of :ae quautity of cotton im. nied from the Yariow's parts ©. tie wo years, ending the SIst of December, 185 the several voontries from wisicd lay the emount of revenue levied on thy sau ‘Tho Duce of Neweastia, of course, bad no objection te @e production of his rerurn, and assuce! Dia uevle friead mt the same time bat the goverpmecat bal a deep sense Of the importance of exiending ay mick as posstdio the growth of cotton. In Jamaica, as his noble friend knew, alicmpts were being mad: to introduce tle colon plant, Dut Dow there and in other cowonies the great citthoulty was. Bot #o much im the suil as in the want oF saflicientiy cheap labor. It was not the practice of the iment fo enter fmto commercial epeculasions, which in this country were Cc Properly left to private enterprise; but so far as th rmment could assif: the elloris now being mate to Kenter the growth of cotton they would certa do so. ‘Thus, on receiving information that in Ceylon \ands wore ‘Dewg brovght into cultivation for this purpose, the govern. ment, aeparting from weir usual cusiom of net parciag with Grown lance except upon sale, granted cerwain of acer leade for the period of fen tu order that the experiment might be tri way of Queens. Mand, in Austratia. attempr em io inteo- @uce the cotton plant, a usted that both ‘there and in cther of t this expori- eot Would be succrsstul. ‘The Bebop of (xroKp bad Heard with satisfaction what bad fallen from the noble ako Tt was quite true that M was not the curtom of tie Brite veTD Monty en cage fo direct speculations to promote the ‘day apie. Dut with regard to the growus of cx Brittah gov err ment had rendered great ais cally, by toaking the hich ways 9° fe way— ity aairca—che rivers—accessibie to Fuglish tueresntc co that cotion mnght be eultiysted on excl site of tem, wd he traders have a safe passage up town. T uity which was exporieverd In other couetecs of obtate. amgireo labor to produge cotton did not exis: 'n Atrica ‘Where there waran Abuidant Dative population, whos evitivation of cotton would be Aiton Jed Wilo the ational sh eons, advantege of introtucing merce, ¥:bich woold aber! tor the oniy way by whirh thai trae cou! | destroyed was by fraching the 4frkan chi fe of thesr dependen? poopie in the productim of the Taw material of cotion would be mors adeaniagsn: thom wil ng them into darery for traasportaiion to otter parts of (he werld. He therefore carn trusted that the atteniou Cf the government wooid be directed to the maint wanes oven to the iporeate of ettorts for opening ule gre ve in Africa, © Zombesi, the opraiag ‘of whic Government was Abou fo aic, and the Niger, which ‘for years the gov had asmisted’ im opeting. ” (Hear; d OVERSTONE Deiieved that a question of more fcr: then that relating to ths extonsion of the rources: the eupply of the raw matertst of cotton could pot bo Drenght under the coneiteration of the Legivlawre. Hear, bear.) He bat therefore hoard with satisfaction statement of the voble duke, that the attexton of tue govercment was directed to thw mibject, ane toa! every edcouragen ent cousiatent With sand priacinies wonld be afforded to extend the supply of cottou. (Hear, haar.) poble and tearned lore hed stated (iat within a ah vt the importation of comton bad maitipiies thirty two. covriry, and when their lordeiios cousicered wae the demand fer cotton grote throngh- they would at umce percetve that it wai a muaiter to bave for the supply of the raw mato, ingle rource. + adeugou OY the wry a ot the obstacle wale tunate dabone migh! ra se uy way of our merciauts applying to that source a wholesome y destroy ant law t : 1 i 8 < £ sf bed | f tm ial | ful termination, in which case the French government would, doubtless, fulill its promise to pat an end to the anbeppy emigration of bucks from Airica, au emigration which, however, hamauely coaducted, under whatever precautions, must tend to perpotaate the horrors of the slave trou (Hear, hear.) The motion wa» then agroed to. . The Italian Question in a New Point of View. Annexation of Savoy and Nice to France— Napeleon on Territorial’ Rights and Trea- tles— The Question Debated in Parllament— Freneh Troops for Leghorn—The Freach Emperor as a Liberator, Xe. {From the Paris Patrie (Imperial Organ), Jan. It ts not a shut or provisional arrangement. which Fravce is now following up m Ualy. The lete campaign hag given her the right, and has tlmox imposed upon hor Founding in the italian Peningula a perinanent very conuttion of tabdity. Italy was a perpetual sorder— Iropean malady. That Tt was no longer nation- This volcano must be extinguished. y, twas a. volcano. What me ere best suited to obtain this desirable re- snk? No! id have been dove then what has y, to ask from geography, om, expressed vy the popular wish. To experiicial minds the popular wigh, own often m- lear sighted tan ated, is simply a fo bistorinns worthy of f tance, the pop mA traversing the mos? various phases -6 itbout bing of 48 power, is history it<elf. The pre- on of Ttaly gtves us a striking exaraple of ty truth. Left to Toes, the populations endear to re- wise the o Lomacy of the feo centiories, conceptions which were only violently interrarted in 7S15, when the spirit of iatred aad tho spirit of setakation wos the place of esill and proce we ‘@ reroarkabie article padlighad in the Rerue dee Deve Mendes, of the 15th of July last, M. St. Mec Cleardio ca.icd to mina that at che end of the 17to centa hefors io siciaitnde the Spavish war, "4 Holland bad no more wish Gen Fiasce © fo Austria,“ The Ktown,”’ ho opgerve f Cparies IL, which gave the whvie Spanish to the grandsoa of Louis X{V., treatin of suoreesion, always on toe paint of boing a made Between Brace, Bngiaut, and We tare nothing to Jo io.dsy with the contens of the f owe treaties of partir Dot lot us coonider what m the gec0nd, wader date the ith of Mare: » Chath 4 of Austrip, afterwarne & «ae Called vpaa wb be jaberi y wos gis twas not to be civen either to she Nan shin or sy Cubs: it rons ald: rte the Teake of derrau we ta Brance. oF tothe Yy ire anda the o ow, it Toay be eaid t CMON 8 BH AEE vont, 1% pot, eroperiy speak myst. Toeevent hat been long for gad the dergates of the Miansse mu Sof he cui of Mien 0 6 cer who rane t9 Ofer the & ° ory tor Fmanve! in the camp of the Emoere: Fanieus [11 not obey Whe pret of Victory, bot sentiments of vid wmosrcrRed by ceatartse. fo 1792, Yontesqnion was ordered eotF BTN conqueror Sut as toy Petetin, whom we qaota dost #ith plensore int wid Fh trath, “eb on. enoe of Nom esquiau inv Savoy Wes wot aad iepasion; ie fevtivel.”” in ibe aame year W792, when Gep.ral Anseline agh yp niet aoto ay thi | Nice prooce { to supjticate dim to oc | | 2a suppress it; 80 that he trusted the people of that country | That was a circumatavce which their lordenips | | of the Br perc | fairs whether tt wes trne, as stated ina France y red by the Convention to mage the conqnest uf | To fact, the county of Nisehad Jong been French like Savoy. It was eo profoundly French that it bad po diffi culty i becoming a French department, and since the Inst separation, since 1815, at each political subversion Nico experienced e deluded hope tbat ahe would become, by the aid of treaties, that which she really is by her heart moreover, suffice to cast a glance upon the & fragment detached from r territory? Does pot @ glance on the map suflive oO show tbat on the day when France shall have the frontier of the Alps om the side of Savoy the wall, logically, want the morime Alp? Treaves mace io bated Wo France may bave decided otherwise, but they have outraged geo grayby, and diplomacy in 1815 was in flagraat opposition to ature. A wise and enlightened policy will re establish the proper state of things. No obstinacy will be shown ia feparating territories connectea by so many bovis. Like Favoy, the Cuunty of Nice will ag rim become French, and that great sation called France will no longer have for fron- ter a rivulet called the Var, + ‘THE QUESTION IN PARLIAMENT. In the House of Lords, on the 27th of Janniary, the Mar quis of Rorssenhe rose, pursuant to notice, to ask the government whether they bad received be to Ihe Degotiation stated by the minist Faris to exist between Fravee and Sarsinia, for the aa Dexation of the Vuchy of savey and the county of Nice to the deminonr of the Emperor of the French — It was not Dig mtennon to call the attention of their lordships w the political effects of the annexation of Savoy and Nice to the French empire; but he wishes to state why he thought the question bad now reacned a point which rendered it necersary thet the government shoul be asked what was the prevent state of their mformation on the subject Hie question, it would be observed, was founded upon a state- ment which had appeared in the French nows2apers, and he migbt be told ‘bat be ought to be able to adduce some bigber avthority than ope or two journals in Paris, Woen he recollected, however, that we had recently been subjected fo a succession of surprises, ame that the policy of some of our pr blic men hul been changed in prmity wath—re world not say in obedience to—the sugnertis of newspaper para- gray hs and anonymous Nets, be sobmitted that be Was entitied to’ cail thé atienton of their lordsbips to the appexation of Savoy and Nice w the emotre of France, even though be based his remarks upon articlesjn French newspapers. The statement to which be alluced bac appeared iv the two princioal and habitasl organs of the French government. It waz {iret pudiishad to Le Pays, the most careful ana prudentof the Ministerial journals; but what had chiefly attracted the attention of Europe was ite crculation in the colu of L’ indépend- ance Belge, & Brussels paper in the enjoyment of Impertal fever. Soheequently it reappeared unser the shape of a wanifeeto in La Patrie, the most atventurous of ail the Imperial organs, @ journal which ha been chided for be- ing im too great a hurry to pobtish certain matters to the world. ‘bat was etated by La Patric was pretty sure to be near the truth. Last autumn Le Pays avnounced that it was the intention of the Emperor to adhere strictly to the progromme which be had laid down for himself. “Za J atrie \brow some suspicion upon that etutement. and La Patrie was undoubtedly the more cérreotiot Such was the journal which pubiished the manifesto to which he wished to call the attention of their lordships, ap’ which was transferred to L’ fndépendance Belge on the instant. This article gad that Fracce was now determined by counsel, by her soldiers, aad by sacrifices of every kind, to substitute for the he- reditary arrapgements of Vienna the truthful policy of nationalities. He was not aware that there had been apy diplomatic declaration to thts effect, bit the dan. gers contingent upon the adoption of such a principle by the powerful government of a nation, were mach grester than apy wach could arise from the aonexation ot the Dueby of Savoy. How many of our porsersions-— those wn the Mediterranean, the Ionian Islands, Gibratiar, Malta, c., or those sn India, for wnsance—wmuld stand this test? How would Russia be affected by it? If such a prin. ciple were once cstabiished, would not an attempt oc mace to revive the natiovality of Polaug? Woult not Prussia be shaken from Pogen to Aix-la-Cuapelie? And io the cage of Austria would not some steps ov taken with reyard to the Hopgarian people, whose loyaity be velieved Wos bot yet thuken but who required some attention from the government? All who were acquainted with the joli- tice of Europe knew that the Independance Belge was a paper which was in direct communication with the French overnment, and bad a aris correspondent who received fe inspiration from the Foreigh Office. In the “Resumé Voitique? of that journai there lad appeared a state- mett from its Paris correspondent, stating that it was un“erstood that the cesire ot Englant w seo the extension of Piedmont to the Marches, and ber sa- tisfaction with the commercial treaty just negotiat- ed, would kad her to observe a strict neutrality while the duchy of Savoy and the county 0 Nice were consulted as to their desire to be united to France. He did not be- Leve that his noble friends opperite would be actuated by apy bueh wotives, or would form their decision upon grounds but thage of their public duty; but he should like to kk his voble friend what was the state of these nogott- ations. He could not suppose tha: the answer would be that the government knew bothing upon the subject, be- cave, alter the publication of the articie to which be hed reterred, the patural course would be for our Minister te Pant’ to commupicate with the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and obtain trom hin @ categorical explanation of its meaning’ This was the course which he adopted with the bine nunleters with whom, during six years, he had to deal. Tt was that which he pursued witn regard to the Swike matter, Guruig the last few months of the reign ot louis Pinippe, when be obtained from M, Gaizut the most cordial end candid explanations; and also with rete revee to the expected mvasion of Savey by the Pro- visional government in the year 1$48, when M. Jamar- tine sdwitted to him thet the dtepasition of the peuple #ue Opposed to annexution with France. It mgat ir lordsbips, and Ragiisomen gene 8 to apply those admirable they valued go much at , Ject at that country, which hod not enjoyed a liderd system of goverumuat, but only the form of government Under whien it had lived for centuries, Was so averse to part with its institutions ia the year 1548 Unwt it aconally rose anassisted to resiet any in- ss0n by a French revolntionary force; aud that in ooa- sequent @ introduction of that which we catled the del system ©” government of ate years established ia iA, the loyal feohng of that ancient appenage of the of Screy had become so wedegneL that the whole poyrs- ins now desrous of parting with the blessings of that uhonal monarchy which we 80 much lauded, ond of” itself to the Imperial rigime of France. Wewas to v be hopea. there‘ore, that our countrymen, who are apt to be led ‘by a generous impulse into advocating the adoption in éther countries of the principles of govern- ment which they so jastly prized tor themaetves, would pauae and conelucr whether they were #0 sare that they ‘atuod the resi sentiments of the people in whose behalf they spoke. He woutl be very gind X the noble carl opposite could etate that her Majesty's poverbiment bad agcerusped that no grouud exited tor im- putting to the French government any such intention as pad been ascribed w it. 1, however, the answer given to this question should be, that the government were at pretent unable to afford any informaty « to Parhament on the subject, of course that <ecussion mast now close, though he trusted it would not cloee forever; indeed, it the quesven were tot brourht before their lorashing by fome mc mber of tire distinguishes political party bebwd him (tbe oppocition), he sou! take the Hherty, a8 ap in- Ccpenuent peer, uuconnenied with any party, to intro. uce ‘to the notice of une House ‘himself, ‘The noble Marquis ceneinded by avking whether Her Majesty's goverument had receiy: ‘orguation as to the nego- trations stated by th urpa)s in Paris to exist between branes and r the aunexation of the Iweby ot Savoy and the consty of Nice to the dominions of the Freneb? + Tik—T regret very mueb that J was aot ay when the uoble Marquis gave Bet, on igniring of my col- gues, Twas informed of ine nature of tuat nutice, and aoe, the fact that the poble Marquis mesat tw pas bis question with ‘any ciecussion in the House. therefore, quite prepared. for his very and inte woech, entering into the graphy, and the «uitereat ng ‘also some of portice anid of juterpation’s: 1) conceive, and sniing with wun ikecnces and antobiugraphical Tord Gran tong the mos ai law which i agrecable perron. details of what happened 19 Lie curing ‘us embassy at Paris. (A lurgh ) Ido not thek it neccesary to follow the noble Margriy at quai leogth, auct | mat litewise de- chee to give dim ap acewer + cuther.ot dhe formals whieh be was kyu ¢ st to me. (A laugh.) Leball content my: a oa which he. bas government have t gotiation stated oy th belween Frauce end Sardinia duchy of Savoy ad the cour of he Emyror of the Fren At the ef time 1 thank it right to add that the government of France has been long acquainted with tho oplaiona of her Majesty's government a8 to any euch arcnugement; and 1 can &s- sure the voble Maravis on one point, astcty, chat it is ridieulone to suppose that the sacccssful pego- hatiou of avy commercial treaty, intended for the mvey of both couutries, could ever have the aligutest ivily ¥ rep 1 journals ia Paris to exiat he annexation of the Nice to the comisions | ence npon Lor Majesty's government in regard to the ex aud at the same time tage frieud- ly Maneer, oF awy jous they may bave on any great European quertion, (Hear, hear.) hg Wan droppea, and their lordsiips ad- journed, pression, in he fm FRENCH TROOPS VOR LEGKORN. Tn the House oi L ow the 2th o¢ Jauuary, Mr. D. ‘TitH rove to asks the Secretary of State tor Foreign Af- Gr if] that 80,000 French troops ‘were expected at saghorit, and Whetber he Ladreeson te oelieve hut the French govera Tovot bad apy intention Of taking apy stich Btep tor toe ef preventing she ation ef we provinces of Mealy ty Sardinia, which their coustitutiona! ropre- Bematives had voted az their finat determinat.oa” The watenent to whieh ho reverred ed ina French Peper of good repute, and w!l the other French papers had doen ‘tesired not w copy the j aragraph, ap exercise of power extremely significant. 11 wea closer that (ac Frengh government were aware of tho existence of the nnd that they wore des'roue Lucoe of the Minister of War appeared om the 234 of Janu- gr) im the Aonueur de Varmée, the officin: organ of the government on mihtuty mattors, giving oniers whied woult ens dle the ¢q atof the army to be carried om immediately. Not tesa than 100.000 eniforma were to ve kept in store, and rechucaotal arrangements were to be made by which 69,100 uciiorms would be mado ing mouth. “The Monmteur de U' Avwnée anid: — “The result during peace wili be in reality a0 exealient investment. Rumors of war and wap jweeif may then arise; Ik will to} T be necessary t dipary crevite, and thus unouver on requisite thea Che greaicet reores, £, Brat preparations. Evrope has pot pened without ae- tonishment tho rapkcity with which the Fruncb army passes from the peace 19 the war footing. It bas beeg cecwied 40 appty this principio tw the regiments! work- men, who will be able in case of need to turn out 64,000 ‘usiforme per ionth.”” Taxen iu connection with the rumor in qnostien, these changes were Suticientiy Kicouicant, A letverfrom the private correspon tent of a French paper, stated: “Tam able to couGrm in every point the itapartunt news T seat you yesverday reepooting » por ion af the wl Cuard baving received its cam pay equipment. regt. mepie at Vereailies aro reriy wo march at forr hoe Det ‘The cillcers are purzied, but, uf course, aaticipaa | Tundy.”? i be were atked why it was necessary to impnte ‘heae prope atious $ the Freugh goverament, J might be suill- Y, FEBRUARY 14, 1860. clest in to review the ings of that Scthaines the tissan lan maak Ou the 11th of ‘July the weaty of Villafsavca was signed, which contained that fegaciout project of a covfeceration o Italy under the Tope, That play had been brought forward on many oceaeions, and whether it was even pow absndoued was doubtiul, Avother feature of the treaty of Villefraaca ‘was, that the two Emperors who hat just termuated a rorguipary war, entered into @ déliberute engagement to reture the Grand Dukes of Italy. Oo the 224 of Jily a Qucetion was put, to tbe sobie lord the Secretary of State for Foreyn Afisire in that House, as to the’ intenthns of the Frenen goverment, The noble lord gave a sstin’ac- tory abewer to that question so far as tie Euglisy govern- mbt were concerned. The engagement then given, which wasthe ovly ceole that had ewod frm amit all tae changes that bad taken place, was. that no jnterfe-eace by jorce of arma ip ‘he internal affairs of Italy would ce- cerve the rapction of the English government, or wonld he atterapleo by fbe imperor of tne Mrench, He mast ip hover deer that the French government, aud par- € ly the head of that government, bat (aitafally ob- rerved tomt pledge, While, however, there hat deen Lo armed iWlerference im Italy, every eudeavor Nad Deen Made to iuauce tne populations of Central Italy to accept some other solution of the arfficulty thia tat Dich they proctaimed, M. Pretri was aeapatclied to Iaty, eno after Dim Prince Ponigtowsk), aad depatations were received by the Emperor of the ench (row the Jwtisn populations On we 10th of eptember » remarka- ble cocument came out in the Monueur, ww the pinlisher of which i was sent direct irom 8. Sauveur, The com- munication wae s3 folioge:—“But let wot Itsly pe de- c@ived. There is butone Power in Europe tat wages war tor av ides Taoat Power is France, aod France nas accomplebes ber tuek.’’ Oo the 9h of September the Ca satutionned, & Bemvufficial organ of the Freaco govern: Ment, Foiced the Dimes for being ao verse to tne cial na of Psinee Napoleon, but abortly aflerwaros the Mimieur ro buked tbe supposition that the French governaeat de aired to gee Prince Napoleon King of ftruria wat Qvotral Tuy, 1p these words:—* To refute these ramors it suibces to remind the pubhe of the acts ant words of the Eape: ror belore aud after the treaty of Villafrancs ? Oa the ‘Mth of September Lord J. Ruserll made tis xpeech at Averceen, in which be laid sown the proposition chat rubject# had a right to rise against ther rulers, aud repeated Los pledge that no interfereoce would be per. mitied jp Ita'y to contravene the wishes ot the peovie of that country. The Constitutionnel of the Gin of Ostover Mrmed that France offered asvice, but wo tid nut dic orders.” On the 17:h of October the treaty of Zurich skigned. Afow days afterwards the Emperor of the French raid at Bordeaux that “tbe temporal power of the Pope was not incompatidie with tne iibertes and jade- pendence of lialy’—an opinion which be had apparently since had occasion very cousiserably motify Toa Em- peror added, But French troops caunot remain indet- pitely at Rome.” On the 29th of October apgeared the letter from the Emperor of the French to the King of Sar- “1wia, ‘2 which it appeared that an engagemeut nat been mace whereby the fortresses of Pes hiera aud Manvaa were to be federal fortresses, although be hal oever heard tbat Austria had assented w treat arrangement The Emperor went on to say:—‘‘2o fur ns the iavrests of France are not 0) to it, E shall be happy to serve the cauge for which we have combated togeth»r? The Fmperor thus ackgowledged that the cans» for which ‘hey had con.bated togetber might be adverse to thé in- teresta of France. (mn the 10th of November Princo Carignan was elected Regent. That lection was peremp- \orily etopped by an order from Paris. and the Moniteur of the 12th of November set forth that the election of the Prince tended ‘ty prejucge the decisivn of the ‘ongress. On. the 16th Buopcempegni was substituted malyre France. Ox the 29th of November the invitations to the Congress were sent out, which the noble lord (J Ruerell) thought it well for bis own part not to refuse. He did not intond to question that decision: He was opposed upon principle to a Congress to settle the affuire of Itay, which onght to be allowed to work out ber own freedom without being indebted to any other Power. When, however, the noble lord was tola that if he obetinately refused tw give tho Italians the benefit of his protest agniogt interference the Congress would go on withoot bim, te noble lord perhaps bad bo resource but Ww accept the invitation; and if be had | been ip the poble Jerd’s #itvaion he rhould, no doubt, have done the same thing. (A laugh.) On the 13th of Decem- ber Rome and Naples gave in their adbesions to tae Cou- On the 224 of December anpeared that most Tr markable pamphbiet, beariog all tne marks of official wespiration, aovocating the separation ot the provinces: of the Legation fiom the Holy S-c, and enunciating principles very dissimilar to those contained in tho Em- peror’s speech on the 11d of October. — Immevtiate after tbat Count Cavour was appointed ta represe Sardinia in tbe Congress: and on the 3tet of Decem- | ber wes publishea the letter of the Emperor to the Pope, whieh fully conurmed the supposition that | the pampbiect on the Congress bad exoressed bis views. | The Pope did not hesitate to cevouncs the oampbiet as a “signal monument of hypocrvy an! au ignodle tissue of | coptradictions.”” Count Walewskt ued. ®ud Yae Con- | ices Was postponed. On the 17th of Janvary the Pope | retveed to cede the Romegnn, and on the same day Count | Cavour bad been reinetailed ag the Mister of Sardinia. | ‘The policy of that statesman was potoroasly at variance | With that of we Holy See; al! proepect was therefore’ at | an end of establisbiig ap Halen couf-eration ander the Presidency of the Vope. To show that ino vndency of tae | 1 Finperor was still in the same oirection, he might mention that only the ony before yesteraay he oad recnived deou- tations ftom the Marches and Umbria, aud gave bie adbe- tion to the polizy of taking awsy other provinces besides the Legations of the Romagna trom the duly see, With | theeé facts before them, be was conf ent the flouge would ; seo-how desirable it was that Italy should pe relieved from the unceriamty of the last five or six months, and tha! the | Emgeror of the French if really lent pom couaucting him! | Self as the liberotor of Htety, should carry out the principle of non intervention, and at ence untharaw his troops from italy, There would then be wn end to tne ayarche which pow prevailed that Lechorn wns to be occupied by French troops, like Milan and Geoou, apd that Koglaod, ceborred from going to war, would lod remoustrance fa- | effectual before the tact of actual postession. The honorable member then put bis question to the noble jora, THE FREE TRADE AGITATION IN EUROPE. | Attack on the Anglo-Freneh Treaty in Par- Vament—Palmerston’s Polley to be Covered by the Papcr—Altera.. i . tions in the Engiich Customs— The New French Treaty. Debate in Parltament on the New Treaty. fo the Rovee of Cotomone on the 25th of January Mr. W. Ewart made a few remarks upon ihe commorcial | treaty with France. Mr. &. F FRALD had hoped that the discussion would | have clored without any al «to the commercial treaty | with France, and in that ¢ » would nothave thought it | vty to acdress the House; bat as the honorable gon in who bad just spore o frée trader, had con- pratulnied the House on we mercial altiaace with France, end ten¢ered his thanks to the goveramoent for entering into a treaty of seciprosity, he, ae one who cer- ‘ainiy hed slwaye concurred in the p icy of tho froe trate adopted by this country, must enter his protest ogeinet such @ Ucaty, as cne of the mest chjectonable measures that had ever come Lefore Pariament. (Sear, bear.) H® had atways sbought it & privciple of free trate tm aistrust teeaues of ibis kind. They baa been told ibat reciprocity was protec: on tn 8 Worst guise, and on that ground ne thought any- toe wore chiccionsble than vbis treaiy of reciprociiy + vot well be sired. Tf the government had car- rico Uhis ont a6 @ treaty of reciprority. thea they had done ft in the most sy and objecticuabie manner; and if it Was pot a tivaiy of reciprocity, tben wey bad taken a courte mow adverse to the inte:éets of ‘this country. He would view it as & trenty of reciorocity, aud it was'on this ground that the noble lord recommended it {ast night to the Howse He said 1. was necessary to ener into atreaty,, fx otber itwonla be tmpesidie to secure those ad- Vanteges which were offered Now, let the House nader- stand exactly how the anatter stood They were goi i make immediate concessions of a very important kiad, | <dthey were told that in return they were to recsive certain advantages at the cent period of vichteen inonths. Rut how stood the case ia reference to th's very | question of the wine cuties as regarded cther pationa of | yoney It had always veeu the great odjecPoL the com- | merciil classes in that there shouid be a large reduction of in aomé articles of Britiso produce, with a view to obtuining the winem of, Spain, Portugal ana Austria. Oom- ‘oupicatops hac parsed between our government and these counties wilh regard to the @ uniesion of artivies of British commerce ; ano their answer had becn that bey bad noedjection to admit theta, provited that we ia ren recveced ibe cuties upon their wines — to that proposition ihe reply of England bad ween (hat these dudes Were not PMovective, but jor the purposes of tevemne, aud cuat, cou- sequently, we could Bot enter tuto Buy reciprocal ae ments which would involve the «ac: ie» of a large amount of revente, even for the sake of recurmg, to a certain ex- tent, the admirs.on of out owe productions. Tbe coase Quc Lee bavi been that there wasn Ss aly of rectorocny with Austria, Spain or Portugal. Jie could perfectly un- sexstand the position of the gore unweit, i they bad de- clined from beginning to end to cater into a treaty of ra CipTOuily, 46 being incopsisvent wit the greet principle of free trade whien this country had a.ooted with ae much success. Bat, instead of empl: an argpens of that kin@, the government were themecivcs for having ef The resu.’ of thai tr cuetion ofthe duties upon wit foes wiues in re- (ory tor the scbstitution ig Fiance yo vretechve vastaad ot probibitive duties on ceria acsichs ot Geltish com. merce, bot withont acy retare from srain, Pormgal, Neples or Austria. Louwing ast 10 1s & PeCIpro: eal treaty, it certainly eppeared th 6. a) a Gem adhe vot of we pridciples of free trade, the gwernment jar clogs ty atardoned that Free trade po “pm which thy before prided temscters 56 Much Pio ru'y was ananache TEHLM, @ TECQrAde Measure, OM! Wn WA RSt mot? amd. a dwarproai. As a reetproctt Av wisetumsy in the exireme, hecacto wr * ¢. Oulles withont receiving irom the \ai bons interested an the Matter thoee sangibie b+ they were willing to afiero, ana oy the promise oo ~ ge teturn from Frapve eighteen tonihs heac: ley of ¢ chtcon months in a4} ever bio France was likely to or iauatug eredit to Soroeal Cony: ation. + old be the re fureun mi aporenenation gid irritaion, Nou toubt, it the duly eu freuco wines alone Were Teonced ai ODLS, & CORE WEFL + 86 18. Le Oa: evmpion over bere would foltoy a D wreaagers would jug their account ip the: &i! other forexn wines waa to then there feemed to hia a | garden Frapes the const.my tion % War, for bY far the inyger trerwsay wos ithe duty oa sat the suine time, ‘obitey Chat as r2- ‘ure of ese wincs to Which rb, * OU cOaatry Were | most accretonied—the wines o aad Formpalthe. grestet strength and body of wh wrdaps, veiter | aCapted Go Cur atmosphere aniccione Tf guat'P toe oot to be the case, Be feared the Fr ume cau fur | |, Rranee to fo her parte’ ihe water) amtucsens in 4 dkeppebted in tghiect mont) s, would be apt promises thom moce than they bas ob ow gard wit’ jretaton and alarm th ‘ fm which would, im the < eelves, blow out all be forge last Confess he coc! net gee comemorcial seuse, "Or Make Franor for the sake of 6 prosge eighteen mous, Aud when pe gard Que yao PLE SHEET. he a ( Yon about of reven' | effect, the verdict of Parliament will be oe of the government ap- cs 4° bits infoitely more vmjectooadle and unjusti- bie. The poritien of Hiament apd of the country, they must remember, was entirely ebanged since ‘be Sdcption of the policy of free trase. In the days when it consinered part of the duty of the Ex-cauve ty watch ¥ tbe Woustry of the country and to promote this, to re- the other bravch of trae, the government were, 10 doubt, at hberty.to enter inwo avy commercial treuty bY Which certain restrictions on articies of foreign commerce Were modilied in return for covcessions from abrows; but the position of ahe government was entirely cuanged when it was Jaid Gown as & rule that there ahouis by uo duties in this country save for the of rereaue, pd yet, witbin a week of the meeting of Parliammot, the gover bad thought proper to enter ino a trvaty which would affect the permanence of revenue to ie amount of three millons of mouey. Sup; ney should occur urder the new system—and, whatever it might be ultimately, that could hardly be avoded daring tbe Bret year—rowe mw tax must imposed to make UD tor it It might be periectiv trae that the wine dudes were a tax pot im the best state; but it waa q.ite clear tif there was to be any contiderrble reduction in these duties, they muet be replaced by geome new tax. What was that tax to be? The wine duties were 4 tax that pressed upon the rich, who could afford to indulge in sveb luxuries—wes there to be an increase or continu. ance of come tax in Order that the wine duties migut be reovceo? Were thoee who did vot drink wine to be taxed tor tLe benefit of those who did? They had duties on tea abd sugar—were they going to reduce tue auty on +t mu and tax the beverage of the poor temperate? rg PSs questions ought to have been brought re the Honse before tb »verDmm Dt embarrassed Parliament, and, to @ certain ent, the crown, by entering upon a treaty which, sub Jeet, of course, to the approval of Parliament, tovolved a veer ction of revenue dudes. It was quite nble that tbe aety on wine at the present moment might not be m the best state, and that wheu reduced the increased cou- sMBtOn might ead to a larger revenue. It was an ex permment, however, and they could only conjecture what tho result would be. But in evtering inw a commercial ety of this cort they prevented any return Ww an jn- creased rate, shuuld there be afalling off. They had often before bad deticievcics of the revenue which rendered it Becessary to putap additonal 10 or 16 per cent upoathe custome? dutiee; but the result of this commercial ar rar gement would be to throw the additionntper centage, if Jound Lecestary , uporell articles except wine, to raise the price of articles of orsinary consumption avong the poorer classes of the community, and to exempt one of the chief luxuries of the rich (Hear, hear) These were tbe main objections to the treat?; bat beyond these, he could not help thipking there jwas some tpecial reason why the treaty was to be en- tered jpto just then, and be felt as confident as be could be upon any subject where he had no documentary evidence that it wae with a political, and not a commercial object that the convention had been got up. It was done with the object of di the attention of this country from the political relations of her Majesty's nent with the government of France, and it was as- fumes, po coubt, that, as a pation of shopkeepers, we wld’at once become ebgrossed in apything which wore & commercial aspect, and give no heed to what required Ihe cioeest and most anxious eerutiny—the poiitical rela- ‘uers of the pobie viscount’ government and the govera- mertofFrapce. (Hear, hear.) No mao was more desir- ous than himself of mai. ing the mogt intimate relations Ddetween Engiand anc France. He believed that an inti- mate alliance wes for the interest of both countries, and necessary for the peace of Europe and the worlu; but there was a difference betwen mutual (renisbip and intimacy, and an understanding between the two governments which should amount w ao identity of policy, aud he was afraid it was thé latter which the noble lord had in view. He Delieved that the language which the noble lord was dispesed to hold to Bvrope was that E- gland and France were of one mend, ond that the rest might do what liked, The result of that could only be a combination of the other , Pewers with a difleremt view, the division of Europe into two camps, and the maintenance of peaco solely by the preponderance of powor on the part of England end Fracce. In his opimiop that would be a most objec- tcheble state of thinge, for many resgons. If he under- tood the feeling of this count-y at all, it was that we were not to engage neeclesniy in hostilities; aad this feel- ing aroge pot from mere cowmercial reasons, but he boped and trusted from a higher and Christian view of our na- tioral reepoveibiity. If, however, this entente this identity of policy betweeh the two governmenta of France and ey re ‘Were to continue, it must end in the more active military Power leading the way, and leaving Fngland to follow humbly in its wake—a position incon- eistent both with the interest and dignity of our country. (Bear, hear.) He was perfectiy convinced that it was portible for thie country to maintain the moet amicabie relations with France and the rest of Europe, and to hold her yosition anc exercise ber influence ag a liberal and enlightened nation; but if there was one policy more than anotacr calculated to injure bor interests and Jessen her influence, tt was the adoption of an identity of policy with France. (Heer.) Toere were many reasons why no stich identity ovght to: exist. The Euglish were not the people to go to war for an “idea” (bear), and — the necessity of going to war ins very different light from their uelghbors. But, with- out going into all the many points of aifference which sub. sisted between them in form of government aud in the ‘spirit end gepivs of the peopic, he maintained that, while it was their interest. and within their power to hoid the meet stimate and friemcly alliance with France, they would only jeopardize the prestige, honor, and intlucnce of England, as wollas tbe allisace 4teelt, by atter to preserve that identity of policy why he bolieved it was the object of the noble lord to estab!®h. (Hear, hear.) The Ciancti zor oY Tm Exeuvqver eaid—1 rise partion- larly for the jwrpoee of following the honorable gentle:an who has just sat cown, and who has discussed very much at large the treaty which+is oot yeton the teule of we House. Tho firét question | think in the mind o: auy gon- tleman who has ictened 10 the honorable memver must be, bow in the worid is it that this single and fortunate member of. the House of Commons bas attained to that minute ard correct know!eqge of the character of the treaty which bas enabled lim, befor¢ it is produced to Uhe werld, to express is opinons upon it in go copious a manner and in every possibie point of view! For the present I must beg to adjourn the defence of the principles of free trate and the establishment of the relation in which this treaty stance tq them. so'with- nding tbe depunciations of the honorable gentiém: can wesure bim that Lenteriam a foll and perfoc coni- denee that when Parhament shall have pbtained a know Jeege cn the subject on which it is to pass judgmeat, and when on ore side and on theother we have come to a cicar and comprehensive understanding of what the treaty is 1» ay proceedings that have been concluded, (Hear, hea My | Monorable friend cells us the weaty is bad as regards free trace and commerce, t Js monstrous, he ray far worse fo take up a epurds revenue. It ject of this kind af- | ter we bave declared that we have no duties but those for the purposes of revenue, 1 must confess my ignorouce of ihe ume when we ma/e any such assertion Ushould like tohuv w ber my honorable irtend wil! pledge himsetf to the fact that we have uo duties but those of revenue, and whewher he wiil maintain that the fitteen si‘lings @ gallon on brandy, compared with eight shillings on mis. iSacuty solely for revenue. Ihe will, I must jom issue with bim ppon that matter. In point of fact, ‘t if not true that we lave no duties but those of revenue. (Hear, Lear.) We have bven engaged for, mary yeursim @ grodual,epd, Tam (iaukful to say, sweepig porgation of our tarifl; bas, iuoucl that process bas gone far, t bas notyet been fuliy accomplighec, aud. Tsbuil invite the bouorabie gentleman, by and. by. asa mab ardently stacked to the principles of Tree trade, to Joly with us in cengretuiating the couptry on the great step Which has jnst been made towards its completion, T um afraid that my honorable friend, who bas been so jearped in the things tat are to be, bas not taken ade quate pains to inform bunseif in che things been. My honorable triesd went back to the history of the foreign negotiations for the reduction of thé tariff which were conéactea in former years, but abandoued, he eays, ow the geound that, as the duties which we were desivea to reduce were levied a8 revenve, we could not wake apy concessions in regard 10 them. 1 took an a part In there nego ms myself, as cid also my ovbie friend besice me, and so jar trom tts bec th8 fact that we always reserved our wine duties, and were unwilling to touch them as bewg collected for revenue, there wes nerone of the negotiations, whesber with France, Voriugal or Spain, in which we did not oiler large redac’ tious of these very caties on wine, The nego- Uatiots faied just Because the two parties Ioked at the matter from different points of view, and coud rot agree as to the relative value of the conceési0us to be made on Cither side. Probably they did bot proceed on that broad aud din bugis on which such ar:epgements alcne can be carried oat. Then, sad the honosabie genticmen, perhaps the wine duties of Ki gland are bot in the best state; but that is a very mild siateweut cf ihe case. The bonorable gentlemen dit not ahow why the wire duties were not in the best state, but told us what, 1 it were tree, would be a very high oulogy to pass ona auyy whiek produces vome £10,000 or £180,008 pear. He sai@ that the wine duties preseed upon the rich maimly, not excivaively. Bat why is that’ Simply be- se there Guties prohibit wine tothe poor. The wine e evtics “0 not press upon the poorer classes, becanse the ‘bes Hever Come within ineir reach. (Hear, bear.) The culty stands lke & waiter brass between the poor ian abo agless of wine. had, however, as i$ the treaty wih Tegotd to free trade. Ibi utmely worse ag itis in regard to TEVEL UC, to EOF Hothing of its Deieta Deeach of the coneti- tutional vrivik pes cf ths Houre, the elma of the accusa- How is net rearved til we come te she political character of (be mersure. There isa gecret inteption of drawing closer, ih some mystenions way, the relations between this country and Franes—the wrightiest anu Dest dangorora ctlence of all My honorable friend says it wenid be most objectionsbic tv maintain the pese: of Enepe by the prepopcerating wiluence of Eng- laud ard France. “Se is afraid wo are bent npon an iden. uty of pe in af! cages between he two countries, and he ti ke that the object cf die treaty to divers atten- 0 trom the stete of the relations between the goverp- Restand the Emperor. If it is, the plot hag signally tau 4, for on the very fest day of the session comes down one onoracle member, than whom no one is nwre cofa- perend te demognee us, to Uiscixre the clauderiiog pro- ceeving in the facoot the werid,and to bast whateger hope we night have bad of coucee!ing our tufawous in- venting’. It former times dere have been in aud partics inthe House whe have telt ar to end neuTadle jcatousy of a close amny between and tek fe . Dau Doped these tin cannotiel well astured after listeaing w the aps the benerable penthman, Aes J reget mote avistve with ¥ravee, but not too intimat—he is arad of wenity of policy, Js there way other maya for House why Gs xtraty of ideutty of poiiey? Is there apetier member who beleves in the PARsibility of aa wecnly, & all eager, as ail trem, betwoon the poliey ot Fpgaud and }revce? The practical qnestion We, whethor we oeNeve there con be, in the mature of Uuings, too close an cheer toding bet®-en ihe two countrys qitoar, hear.) The heroreble geutleman bdeliuwes thera can. TD tay mind (ore cannot, because in the nature of the owe, ” riations yf the (eo xuntrica, and in the cirenmetances of Deveney Ceres aovdiy any possibly contingdacy in wivich they could ent le acratolel tm poliea, exorpt for ohjeets de ncvalte im hemseltez and Teenrfctalcomaaniana + (Caer «.) (Cu ro cetasion iD our own Gey or m Bistory have they ever bects combined for a object ag regarcs the Petre of mie and therefore { trust tvat all ance, os shore we ail do, apd wish (t may be draw clusor sod closer uct only op account of its intrinsic vate, bv cavee tcontaine noting jn itself which can by ‘as shinty be bostile to the interests of the ober Pow burepes And tho dest proof of this wable Fraves e8 haa paseed, but a of rae ig—as my bouorad'e é failed to obterve—that ho as <o¢iation, ments of France and Eng'aad hasever wusy Or auepi-ion of the other Powers, Decavee it is kuOWD 10 Oe. aackiton oooe can onty be applied to good ends (esr, bear.) As to the period at wbich it will be practicable to submitthe treaty ¢> ths ooa- siceration of the House, 1 have to say that the wreny wae’ figbea the day before yesteroay, that the ratiticatioas are. to be exchanged within ten cays—a very short, butit ie beped a se ficient. ime for the review of go. JmEportew as instrument—aud that, therefore, we shall be ablo w pre- Sept the treaty to the Hovse about the end of pext week. ‘The.goverpment have felt that 48 these propositions have. en important copnection with the revenve, and enor the g vera] financie) arrangements of toe year, full the into- lice woula not be done to the House unless tenet statement of revenue and expenditure {or the your were. brought vp at the tame time. Impreseions rag bread, whether well or ill founded, which are e: a par 5 sg effect op certain importaot brauches trace, and thongh we sbal) heve to cousider some ques tions connected with the forms of the Hause, and the rela- Nove between the different modes of to votes of morey and supp! lay the treaty on the tab!e, ial statement for th of February. moment ano that tbere may them (Bear, -) P BRITISH OBJECTIONS TO THE NEW TREATY. (Pree tie tendon: ‘Times, Jan 26.) * * . J Ry far the most real and substanual hick: Mioleterial poly have tesa France Theso bave beep urged to the Jounded on the commercial treaty with are, indeed, met with the same unvarying argumout ‘hat it is wrong to criticise & decument not in the hands of the public; that ap acquaiptance with the contents of the treaty will entirely remove all objection; ano thas, till then we must be content to believe that everythiog bes heen done for the best. Of course, there is forow to this kd of reasoning, though not, perhaps, to the full extene to which it ts sought to be pushed. We know very i» indeed, except that @ treaty of commerce has deg getinted with the Frepeh goveroment, that protubiin “hich pow prevail in France are not t be removed a duly, 1861, whtle our own share in the treaty is to ty, Jovmed at oce. Ministers aid nothing to thie aq: = stock of information, except 10 inform ua vnit we bave no right to draw any covclnaion «+ wl. At the riek of incurring the censure whieh © to heavily upon some farward critics yesterd: we are compelies to say that in all this there does ap, to us to be something upon which criticiam may fair! employed, not in reprebending what we do ont kno ip carefully remarking wha: we do, We oresame wr not wrong in Purmiewg that a commercial treaty i: instance means a treaty by which each contracting ve! Dindg iteelf to take off duties imposed by it on thy pro of its neighbor, in consideration of a simiier relaxath:. its own javor. Is such an arrang-mestio aovord: with the received principies of, polineal ecoaom: Chancellor of the Exchequer undertakes to prove is, apo desires us to wait till, the treaty having > p’aced on the table, be is in a condition to prove his « tion. We will listen to bim with the utmost respe . attention, but we canvot promise to suspend eo gee so long. It secs to us thar ave already before us all the mattera for decision, We did not dispute the policy of lew ing our duties on French profnce m orter + vite a corres} ‘ing lowering of French duties on Eng « produce, but we have beard nothi:g yet which show ebeke us from the conviction that it ¢ contrary to all principles of ec. nomical * on our coun 4 per, because w have stipulated, tor the bene fit uftome f vege ‘country that we will only tax ours-toes wm @ particul and to a particular extent. We fancy we can nod that, in order to reduce the duties <u French wives fo; Ye take of some remote equivalent, we must take off the du- ty op other wines from which we derive a large revenue, and which will give us vo equivalent at all; so that im our apxiety to concilate France we are forcing on uncalled for concessions to the claims of couutries which ofler us notbing in return. Fp ‘These are serious considerations, but still more serious ie it to give by implication sanction to the notion that duties ought to be rated or lowered with a view ro obtain * corres yn pote oe other nations less ed- vances the principles commerce than out a) these things seem to us to result from toe ‘ace tionist element, however powertul, to ‘back from the word he has viven. If we are to this view, if we are to believe that the present Parlisment would raigo 80 formidable an op) sition to the. adoption of free trade thateven the Emveror could not pees the measure unless fortifie¢ by & solemo treaty... ry foreign baiy toy be] have no reason to look with m the part we i in the eves of an imporvint: section. 7 Prick Spintee ethos Af ehall incur by the means of on French o"9~ aye ee @ chai mical policy It be bard inaeed to perguaic our neighbors of what, after all, we are complet: ly per ded curseives—that the remission of the protective dey om foreign manufactures is far more important t> the con- sumer than to the producer. if ro, it will be asked, why capriot we be content to Impose duties in our own vay, and to Jesve our sysicm, ifa good one, to work ite wes }'y ‘the common ecnsept and reason of mankiag? Te appears to us to be force in these views, anc, | | they are formed independently of the purticuiar datall: the treaty, we are ata loss to uncersiand bow? © ‘be modified by a more entire knowledge of prop. upon which they are not founded. The best that.» enid will, we believe, be, that thongh we have dor. from our principies and set a most obj ab. dent, we have done comething towards break: the wall of exclusion betwecn the two conntrie:, © ducing the probabilities ofa discord which we are | Jostly anxious to avert. EFFECT OF THE TREATY ON THE ENGLISH CU? {From the London Times (City Aruic'e), Jan. The outline of the terms of tho treaty of commer: i] France, furnished by the Patric,# ems to indicste | the reducticn of the Eoglieb wine dutee is to be fro erent rate of bs. $d. per gallon to ty. per galion ( fo 2d. per bottle)—an alteration which will, js eumed, be general, snd include all foreign a8 ~ “| colonial growibs, At the samo time, it appears thai dhe} Frenchy probibitions against our iron are to be rents. de] a duty a little less than £3 per ton, and that wovullen = | ectton manufactures are alvo to be adiitted at yet to be fixed, but which are not to exceou thi: cent, As the clauses of the treaty are on our part « b brought into operation withm a week or two, the inovr sion produced in the wine market by the annoncem cat has, of course, been considerable, business of nik iad: being for the momept virtually snspeyied. at sept many bonuses in the trade doubt the correct ness of the statement, but should it be eo: an immeciate rise ia prices will be ex; Thy drawback question will be cne of keen apxieyy, )n4 probably of difficulty. According to some estimates wi paid duties on oxisting stocks would be found te a: an| to 2,000. 0001. , bat this meme Yy Suppozed io be beyond the true total. Uncer au order of the Ink. 2 venue office in 1852 draw Déck can be claime' + cn wires on which the duty has boen pais within «tut ed period, the term forthe red wines of Fiance being two sears, while for all other dea: Q including sherry, it is six mouths. There ia another vision, also, which wil have # greater effest in reduet the number of cleims—namely, that to entitle to any return of duty whatever aildealers musthave kt @ sick book, show'ng every quantity received in or livered out, and eee, & separate entry of all exported—s provision which is thought io a ve Lumber of ingtances to have been imprutently a On the o*ber bang, as the chunzes in France are to be layed for a yoar ands: halt, our iron, cotton, aud wo markeis will, of course, pot ¢: |eny im igimence. ASsuming the rate of duty named to apply to manuiactored iron, it will be 3 Jow to kamK Of & large export trade from (his coun since it seems to be about 35 pertvent less untas than that of rae Zollvereim, ia the face of which goods 4 reoch even Berlin itsef. Any satisfactory anticip that may be formed on this polut must, however, be o ent Upon the absence of Iccal or custom house 2, celeulated expresoly to crente restrictions in a form. which might pecoms eqnally a8 povent as the d Op pig iron the duty of £3 per ton would, it ia prove uearly prehib.tory. bat it is hoped that oa that terial the rate will be diferent. ing the 30 cent rate on woollen apd cotton manutactares the b that it will alow a large introduction of Bridsh © avocs into thesFreach markets, particularly tn low q Uses, and that there are certain aescriptions of low. abd woollen strifs which likewise canpot fall te be in contiderable quantities. A sanguine expectation nected with tho entire movement is thar France hitherto been the ig centre af trading reetrioti Furopejail the other continentai nations may now ‘ath ip their arrow systems aud hasten toielow ber first steps to reform. THE FRENCH TARIFY UNDER THE NEW TREA The Paris Saicte of the 24tb of Janua-y puolicnes a. analysis of the Custome Raritl,in order wo ghow articles prohibited are much lees nutnerous than ia pperea. They consist, it says, of tirearms, Pues, empty bottles, chicory, cutlery, worked rock tal, worked copper, turmeric in ppwder, carda, suillt steam ebipa, worked mun, Ave wouds, and wet cept Peruvian, on Wire, felt traumed wia learber, Ger, certain kunés ¢f ocitoa thread, cast metal, boore, Coin Pot current. ceita'n i tking and Ioather, cotton nmbrellee, plated ware, vnc, fine potter's ware, guvpowrer, heavy sadoleryy fined sugar of particalar manurvactare, woba% i 80, CPP (9.4 KincB OL Loys, Casiuneres, worked baifor Act menticned in the tartif-, woolen Hage, ti worked zinc, and carringes on springs. The pfu ht it may oe eer, 8 CODHNed to ariucles which -e io: fect tt France.” Tho olfect of tae prohibition, ac fo the SiA/e, is to protect nauooa) oanafaciares it was newer ceusidered that tbey shoan! 1; ever—tbey are merely temporary The proof found in ‘the law of the 17th of February, 151 regrlaied the vo of the governmert wih fe tar‘iis. Jimay Dkewise be found us the thicn art the Penatus Consulta, explaining the costit wiea. merchanoises acmitted into Prauce free or dey Faye, much more numerour then the maoufs tared cle probibited. They are almost. ali articles ont cessity, either for consumption or to be emt wanufactares. They are citels acid from the © agate, pinespoles, Gves, mineral silver, wrew, mnt, sotid Intumen, timber tor buildng and tie woud fcr cabjuct makers* use, we c gnice, Borex, geate, caontebcuc, ashes, cobalt, pure rock crystal, mite rat ‘oth imported in Fronch fron. cretion imported cast metal te be eo gate, cide, ire gum, cyeters, ocebloeal, green vegeta, . bese, the reiduom of olives atu wer os tyueiby mut ria's not worked, nts Ince 05} chet feb, turt tor ring. motoer 0’ - French ships, the eges of fowl and game. ninety back. meneral golu, undressed rabbit skiag, dae yCogh Gtamoues, dressed feathers, freshwmur feb irom the French fheberios, potatoes, hig 2orory #, beenives, lovohes, Pekar! suit trom te of cotalt, Dinddera, fowls, zirc, iopazas, fre" fee, &e there articles evter Fravee free of a ublortunately the octrei ievied at the eptrane®