The New York Herald Newspaper, January 17, 1860, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OVWIOE N. W. GoRNEK OF TERMS, cash in astuonce. Money sent by mail wil? be at the Fisk of the bender. Postage manps nok recoived as susscription two a $7 per annum la per or tw an ar ntinent, botn to toed ca Voreda ta fon om the Sth and 2ith of each per way. or $1 BY per Volume XXV. ~ AMUSEMENTS THIS RVSNING. NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Cooxs's Kova Au- PuiruRarEE. BOWERY TH&ATRE, Bowery.—Gursy Gowre—Seniovs Fawr. WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, opposite Bond strect.— OvroKoom. WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Hosaanp to —Evunrsopy’s Fain. LAURA KEENE’S THEATRE, 6% Brosdway.—Jaamn Deans. NEW BOWERY THEATER! Bowery.—Tus Max OF Tax Rup Mansion—PRouic or THE 1k SCHOOLM ASTER. ‘AIRU 4 BROADWAY BOUDOIR, 444 Broadway.—Marm wire rar Muse Pau—Foux Sutexs—Wouan's Waims. THEATRE FRANCAIS, 665 Brosdway.—Gasnimiir— L’Arrusat. BARNUM’S AMERICAN MUSRUM, Broadway.—After- noon—Go.pes Farmer. Evening—Tiont Kore Asvaoasome Rro Rangea. BRYANTS MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ Fi Bread: Bonizsgoes, Bowes, Dancua, so-—Jousny Govuse NIBLO’S BALOOR, Broadway —Geo. Omaisrr’s Muy- Orxeis im Boncs, Dances, Buninsquas, &¢.—Mus. Dar's New Yeas Cais rou 1860. PLYMOUTH CHURCH, Brooklyn.—Da. Scuppma’s Leo- fone OM Braminic Paisstuoop. Caste, A Hixn0o Taarie, WASHINGTON HALL, Williamsburg.—Wooo’s Movsraris m @rxiortan Boras, Dances, 40—New Yean Cacis. New York, Tucsday, January 17, 1860. MAILS FOR EUROPE. The New York Herald—Edition for Europe. ‘The Cunara steamship Arabia, Capt. Stone, Will leave this port to-morrow for Liverpool. ‘The mails for Europe will clase in this city at half-past ten o'clock this morning. ‘The Evrormay Eprnon ov mm Hxratp will be published ‘at ten o'clock in the morning. Single copies in wrappers six cents. Subscriptions and advertisements for any edition of the New York Hara wil! be received at the following places in Burope:— Loxpon.. ,.8ampson Low, Son & Oo., 47 Lad, Hill. Lansing, Starr & O>., 74 King William street. Pars......Lansiog, Baldwin & Co., 8 place de la Bourse. Livanroot. . Lansing, Starr & Co., No. 9 Chapel street. R. Stuart, 10 Exchange street, East. Haver... .Lapsing, Baldwin & Oo., 21 rue Corneille. Hamponra.. De Chapeauronge & Co. ‘The contents of th , Evrorgzan Epon or rim Hxratp ‘will combine the new ,veccived by mail and telegraph at the office during the previous week and up to the hour of publication. The News. By the arrival of the Europa at Halifax, and the Jura at this port yesterday, we have news from Europe to the Ist inst. Cotton was firm in Liverpool on the 31st ult., and pales of eight thousand bales were made. The other markets were unaltered. Consols closed in London on the 31st ult. at 95§ a 953 for account, ex dividend. Italian affairs had again assumed a serious aspect. The European Congress would not meet at the time appointed, in consequence of the difficulty experienced by France in explaining to the satis- faction of the Pope the meaning of the late pam- phlet. Indeed, it was reported at one time that that body would not meet at all, anda panic took place on the Paris Bourse. France, Russia, Spain, Naples and Rome were greatly agitated by the doctrines set forth in the French pamphlet. Lord Macaulay died in London onthe 28th ult. The government of Buchareat was negotiating a loan of $12,000,000 in Paris. A severe financial pressure was felt by the government of the Pope. Austria also wanted a loan. From China we learn that Hon. Mr. Ward, Ame- rican Minister, was to meet Ho, the Governor Ge- neral of Foo-Choo, early in November, and confer with him on our treaty rights, as well as onthe probabilities of a renewal of the war with England and France: We have files from Bermuda to the 4th of Jafu- ary. The export of potatoes in 1859 amounted to thirty-eight thousand four hundred and sixty-five barrels—a large increase over that of 1858. The Bermudian remarks on this subject:—The want of labor to carry on extensively this profitable produc- tion is most pressingly felt, and we fear that there will be a falling off in this year’s cultivation of the potato in consequence of that serious want. The proceedings of Congress yesterday are in. teresting. In the Senate Mr. Bigler introduced a bill providing for the suppression of invasion of one State or Territory by another, or the fitting out of military expeditions, and for the punishment of such offences. We give a synopsis of the bill in our re- port of the proceedings. Mr. Douglas offered a reso- lution directing the Judiciary Committee to report ® bill for the protection of all the States and Terri- tories against invasion by the inhabitants of any other State or Territory; also, for the suppression and punishment of conspiracies and combinations in any State or Territory with the intent to invade, assail or molest the govern- ment, inhabitants, property or institutions of avy other State or Territory. Mr. Sumner offered a resolution directing the Post Office Committee to inquire as to the expediency of reducing the present rates of ocean postage. The committee was also directed to inquire as to the practicability of introducing the English money order system into our Post Office Department. The resolutions relative to the Territories were discussed by Mr. Clingman, and at the conclusion of his remarks the Senate went into executive session and con- firmed a number of appointments, among them that of Charles J. Faulkner, of Virginia, as Minister to France. It is reported that a very stormy scene ensued upon the discussion of the appointment of Mr. Faulkner, in which offensive epithets were freely used by several Senators, but more particu- larly by Messrs. Toombs and Doolittle. Nothing of importance occurred in the House. The Legislature reassembled last evening. In the Senate several bills were reported upon fa- vorably by committees—among them one to com- pel the attendance of witnesses before committees of Common Councils, and to punish false swearing by such witnesses. The Quarantine Commissioners’ report was presented. They express the hope that Sandy Hook will yet be obtained for Quarantine purposes. In the Assembly notice was given of a bill permitting tho Manhattan Gas Company to extend their mains through all the streets and avennes of New York. A bill was introduced providing that Common Councils of cities shall not permit the constraction of railroads in the strects without the consent of a majority in the interest of owners of property along the line of the proposed roads. A bill was introduced for an additional iesue of Central Park stock to an amount the interest of which shall not exceed $150,000. ’ \ The Board of Aldermen met last evening, and on motion of Mr. Brady, republican, of the Fifth dis- rict, unanimously adopted a preamble recapita- lating the points of an article, commenting upon the character and capacity of the members of the Com- mon Council, which appeared in the Hkratp of the 13th inst., and also a resolution appointiag a joint special committee of three from each Board lo take the subject into consideration and make stiga- tion as to the trath ox falsity of the allegations, NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, Messrs, Brady, Boole.and Bagley were appoiuted as the committee on the part of the Aldermen. The Board of Councilmen had already adjourned when the Sergeantat-Arms reached their chamber with the resolation, but they will probably adopt it at their next meeting. Several other interesting subjects were brought before the Board. We refer to the report of the proceedings, ia another columa, for details, The President of the Board of Councilmen an: nounced the standing committees for the year at the meeting of the Board last eveaing. The Cump- troller, in reply to a resolution of inquiry, reported that the amount to be raised by taxation during the year is $653,621, and that the interest on numerous issues of stook which would be applied for during the present session of the Legislature, amounting to two millions, would have to be paid by the tax- payers. This is a consoling piece of information for our tax-ridden citizens. At the meeting of the Board of Supervisors yos- terday,a communication was received from the Comptroller, stating that the county expenditures for 1859 amounted to $3,302,878, and that there is an unexpended balance of $82,853. A select com- mittee, consisting of Mesars. Blant, Tweed, Ken- nedy and Bell, was appointed to consider and re- port what legislation, if any, is required with re- spect toa proposed revision of the laws concern- ing the Supervisors. The Tax. Commissioners seat in a statement showing that there are 54,725 im- proved and 86,761 unimproved lots of ground within the city limita. A report from the special committee to the Supervisors’ Convention at West- chester was received. The substance of the pa- per is given in our report of the proceedings of the Board, published in another column. In the Court of Oyer and Terminer yesterday a Grand Jury was sworn in, to whom Judge Ingya- ham delivered a charge, calling their attention to the violation of the usury laws, the erection of un- safe buildings, the taking of illegal fees by public officers, violations cf the liquor, election and lot- tery laws, and other matters. A number of per- sons were then put forward to plead to indictments, and the District Attorney stated that he would be ready for the trial of the cases on Monday next. According to the City Inspector's report there were 502 deaths in the city during the past week—an increase of 45 as compared with the mortality of the week previous, and 136 more than occurred during the corresponding week of last year. The increase of mortality daring the past week, as compared with the cor- responding week in 1859, is accounted for by the great increase of scarlet fever, croup and inflammation of the lungs. There were 99 more deaths from these diseases last week than during the week ending Jan. 15,1859. The report gives the following classification of diseases:—Deaths from diseases of the bones, joints. &c., 2; brain and nervee, 103; generative organs, 6; heart and blood vessels, 12; lungs, throat, &c., 203; old age, 6; skin, &c., and eruptive fevers, 72; stillborn and prema- ture births, 6; stomach, bowels, and other digestive organs, 52; uncertain seat and general fevers, 39; urinary organs, 1; and 11 deaths from violent causes. The nativity table gives 361 natives of the United States, 97 of Ireland, 23 of Germany, 9 of England and the balance of various foreign coun- tries. A ‘The sales of cotton yesterday embraced 300 a 400 bales. The market closed on the basis of quotations given in an- other column. Flour was in some better request from the trade, with rather more doing, while prices were un- changed. Southern flour was steady and in fair demand. Wheat was more active, and sales were pretty freely made at steady prices. The heaviest transactions were made in Chicago spring at $1 20; Milwaukee club sold at $1 24, in store, white Canada at $1 43. $145, and a small lot of Kentucky white at $155. Corn was less buoyant, while sales were fair at rates given in another column. Pork ‘was in moderate demand, with sales of mess at $16 123, @ $16 25, new do. at $17 25, and prime at $1160. Sugars were firm, with sales of 400. 600 hhds. Porto Rico and Cuba, at rates given elsewhere. Coffee was quiet aud prices steady. Freights were steady: among the engage- ments for Liverpool was cotton at 7-32d. for uncempreas- ed; 12,000 bushels of wheat, in ship's bagé, at 64<4., and 1,000 bbls. flour at s.; tierce beef at 3s. 6d., bacon a 208., and cloverseed at 22s. 6d. per ton. Exciting State of Affairs in Europe—An Irrepressible Conflict Pending. The news received from Europe by the Jura and Europa, yesterday, is of a most important character. Judging from the aspect of affairs all over the Continent, arising out of the French pamphlet on the Papal question, it looks as if Europe was about to be embroiled in a great religious contest—an irrepressible conflict be- tween the two contending forces of the Catholic and Protestant nations. All the preliminaries for the Congress of Paris being arranged with the European Pow- ers, with the exception of England, who hesi- tated to give in her adhesion until France had expressed her views and intentions with regard to Italy, the publication of the Emperor's brochure at once supplied the deficiency; and England, with one common voice, accepted and endorsed the plan for the settlement of the Italian question laid down in the pamphlet of “The Pope and the Congress.” The demand of Pius the Ninth, that the al- leged authorship of the pamphlet attributed to Louis Napoleon should be disavowed before his Holiness would consent to accredit a repre- sentative to the Congress, has been followed by a movement on the part of the leading Catholic Powers of Europe which would seem to render the Congress impossible. Austria, Spain and Naples, it is said, will mot send delegates to Paris, unless the Pope is represented there. In this event a European Congress becomes an impossibility, and Napoleon’s able and only fair solution of the Papal difficulty cannot be realized. What then? The declaration of Count Walewski, that the programme laid down in the pamphlet cannot become a part of the policy of the French government while he is at the head of foreign affairs, is regarded of little value, in consideration of the imperial authorship of that programme. England is pledged to accept it as the basis of a settlement of Italian affairs; but Russia, while she disclaims any intention of interfering with the religious questions contained in the pamphlet, declares, by her Minister at Paris, that it embraces principles in opposition to the respect of authority on which the Russian go- vernment is founded, which she will oppose. Not only are these differences manifested by the governments of Europe, but there seems to bea passionate religious excitement growing up among the peoples. The Catholics themselves are divided as to the treatment of the Pope, both in England and on the Continent. The ultramontane Bishop of Orleans denounces the plan laid down in the pamphlet, and the Catho- lic organ in Paris—the Uniters—condemns it, while the more liberal portion of the Catholic people recognise in it a settlement of the vexed question—the Pope's temporal power—as just to Italy and beneficial to the Church. In this complicated state of affairs it is Im- possible not to perceive that a serious érisis is at hand in Europe; possibly a reopening of the Italian war, intensified by the new cle ts of religious fervor and religi nis aojwosity. The Duobies from the hateful away of the exiled, Jane Death of Lord Macaulsy—Hnglish Grand Dukes, bas raised up in the breasts of the twenty-seven millions of [talians a hope of ulti- mate freedom aad self governmeat which caa- not be easily allayed, It is evident that the public mind of Europe is becoming directed to the probsbility of another Italian war. The Duke of Modena ia already reorganizing an army, and has marched a portion of it to the frontiers of his late territory, while volunteer companies in aid of the Pope are being raised in Austria, Should Napoleon deny the authorship of the pamphlet, which he may do, as it does not ap- pear in his name, and the Congress should as- semble on its original basis, what proposition can be received for the settleffient of the affairs of the Papal government other and better than that contained in the pamphlet writ- ten under the inspiration of the Emperor? Or, should the Emperor decline to disavow the authorship, and concede to Russia what she requires touching the political issues of the question, what is to be the result? A coalition of Engiand, the leading Pr. ‘ant Power, and Russia, the Greek Catholic Power, with Roman Catholic France, against the other Catholic na- tions ef the Continent, would leave the latter little chance of success in @ general war. They would be forced to yield; many of them would be annihilated, and the Pope, who would neces- sarily be a belligerent, would be compelled at last to accept that position now proposed to be allotted to him, and which the judgment of the majority of right thinking men throughout the world declare to be his legitimate place. Bet- ter to be the absolute spiritual ruler of a hun- dred millions than the doubtful temporal ruler of a hundred thousand. To this it must come at last; and it will be a dismal reflection for the Head of the Church, the Vicegerent of the Prince of Peace, to think that it must only be accomplished by deluging the plains of all Europe in blood. The New Treaty with Mexico—Its Rela- tions to Our Commercial and Manufac- turing Intereats. Our Washington despatch informs us that the delay in the election of the Senate Printer is having a prejudicial effect on the public busi- ness, particularly as regards the new treaties, which cannot be acted upon until they. are printed, and this work can only be done by a sworn officer of the Senate. The commercial and manufacturing sections of the country have abundant reason to com- plain of the little regard that is paid by Con- gress, and even by the Northern members of both houses, to matters of the highest moment to their interests.. Days, weeks and months are consumed in sterile debate on abstract ques- tions regarding the defiance of the South or the aggressions of the North, but when a sub- ject of practical utility and value is presented, even the Northern members go off at a tangent on some futile issue of ‘party politics. This is precisely what is occurring in regard to the two treaties with China and Mexico. Inregard to the Chinese treaty, the matter is not of so much moment, as the Chinese have fortunately begun to act upon it, and our export trade to the Celestial Empire is going on with an activity never before known. Cotton goods and knick-knacks of a hundred different kinds are going out in ships from New York and Boston to a much larger extent than ever before witnessed. But with the Mexican treaty this is not the case. Not only with Mexico, but with our own Territory of Arizona, an immense traffic lies dormant until it shall attain the security and facilities of transit offered to it by the stipula- tions of the treaty. There are now waiting in the workshops of New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts and Ohio, large orders for ma- chinery and goods of every description, to be filled for Arizona as soon as the ratification of the treaty shall open the short land transit from the port of Guaymas to the frontier; and on the other hand, the silver and copper work- ings of that Territory are waiting until they ehall receive the stimulus of cheap supplies from the marts of Northern industry. When this’ route alone shall be opened, the emi- ration, commerce and trade of the Atlantic ports will receive an impetus similar to that given by the opening of California; and until the route to an ocean port is opened, the great interests of the country cannot be developed. Asimilar result attends our general trade with Mexico. The simple fact that our go- vernment cannot protect the interests of our merchants in Mexico, while that of England is always ready to order her naval commanders to protect the British traders, has thrown into their hands almost the entire trade of that re- public. England is now receiving nearly twenty millions of dollars yearly in silver from Mexico, in payment for cotton fabrics and iron ware, which could be better and cheaper supplied by Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, The tropical Gulf shore of Mexico also affords a natural and ready market for the flour, meats, lard, oils, &c., of the West; and yet because of the utter want of protection by our govern- ment, not asingle commercial house with busi- ness connections in Cincinnati, Louisville and St. Louis is to be found in Tampico, Vera Cruz, Tobasco, Laguna, Campeachy or Sisal. When the treaty is ratified under its present stipulations, these establishments will spring up as if by magic, and then it will be wondered that so simple a cause was not sooner seen. There isin the new treaty with Mexico an- other element of the highest importance to our commercial and industrial interests. The sti- pulations in regard to the security of transit on the isthmus of Tehuante- pec embody the basis of all our super- transit legislation. At present the route by Nicaragua is closed, and that acrose the Isthmus of Panama is open only by suffer- ance, because of the non-settlement of our questions with New Granada. These routes belong to the commercial and industrial, and not to the political, interests of the country. This can be seen byaglance at the propor tions of trans-isthmus travel and trade centreing in New York and New Orleans. The commer cial and manufacturing interests have a right to demand, and they do demand from the go- vernment, adequate protection for these great interests. Too little regard has been paid in our general legislation aud negotiations to the legitimate protection aud stimulus of our com- mercial interests; and now that a treaty has been made which holds them in the place of first and highest consideration, itis to be hoped H that the Senate jn considering it will remember Ttalian people are aroused; the temporary | what is due io the céitiimer¢lal and igdustrial emancipanivn of the Romagna fram the rejected | sections of the country as vividly as the Sena- | the pastor of one of the richest congregations gevercignty of the Pope, and that of the es dots their partr tf oftes do te their pasty Yes, atti cee — Literature, Past and Present, Thé announcement of the death of Lord Macaulay will be received with infinite regret wherescever the English language is spoken, The demise of the most eminent of the essayists and historians of the present generation (some account of which and a sketch of his life will be found in another part of this journal) reminds us most forcibly that the race of intellectual giants is fast passing away from the faee of the earth, and that there remain, with here and there an exception, no- thing but pigmies. Macaulay belonged to the old school of literary men. He was in his day and generation what Doctor Johnson was seventy years ago, with the difference that the former had all the learning, all the criti- cal power, & more nervous and perapicuous style, and none of the pomposity and ponde- rosity of the latter. The passing away of such writers as Macaulay, Hallam, Irving and Prescott marks the deca- dence of solid English literature in a most definite, and, we may add, in a most unwelcome manner. That this epoch hath had its parallels in times gone by is quite true. Polite litera- ture in the mother country may be said to have begun with Chaucer, but the soil was not fruitful at that early period. Until the days of Massinger, Otway, Prior, rare Ben Jonson, sweet Will Shakspere and glorious John Milton, English literature could not be called classic. Even then, in the Elizabethan era, it was marred by much that was gross and obscene—much that pandered to the worst appetites of the privi- leged classes. The tone of belles lettres became still lower under the Stuarts; and the otherwise delightful lyrics written by the favorites of a court which copied very strictly the vices, and imitated very clumsily the elegancies of Ver- sailles, are very properly tabooed at the pre- sent day, on account of the gross indecency which befouls them. Under Queen Anne and the Georges literature progressed apace, although the old taint disfigures the humor of Fielding, degrades the subtle characterization of Smollett,and not unfrequently dulls the caustic wit of the Dean of St. Patrick’s. It hath been reserved for the English writers since the accession of the fourth George to prove that obscenity is not wit; that indecency is not humor; that wholesale abuse is not satire; that the application of vulgar epithets is not invec- tive; that a pure, elegant and effective style may be attained without pedantry or affectation, and that, whether in the well gleaned fields of history, romance, poetry or the drama, the highest meed of success must be inevitably awarded to the writer who joins to his intellec- tual gifts a pure and lofty moral tone. The position of the successful literary man to-day is something to be proud of. Dr. John- eon rides in his own coach; there is as much money for Dick Steele as he can well manage to spend; Oliver Goldsmith’s copyrights no longer go for a song. How all these worthies would stare could they see the sums paid to men who in the old times would not be thought worthy to loose the latchet of an author's shoes, provided he had any ! But although there is now an extended de- mand for literature of a high class, and splen- did rewards for the favorite authors, we fiad the supply growing small by degrees and dis- agreeably less. Giving the first laurels in English literature to Bulwer, Alison and Tennyson, in their several specialities, and in our own country acknowledging the enduring works of Everett, Motley, Ticknor, and one or two others, we almost complete the list of standard authors. We cannot include Dickens the caricaturist, nor Thackeray the satirist, who has not the touch of nature that makes the whole world kin, nor the race of women wri- ters, who are always coarse, puerile, weak and affected. The generality of writers at the pre- sent day have been so far infected with the faults of the modern French school that they work only for effects, or sensations as they are called. Style and beauty of composition are rarely thought of, much less studied. The lan- guage itself is distorted and mangled, and beaten into a shapeless mass. The worst pas- sions of the human heart are pandered to, the vilest social and political theories are promul- gated, the mind of youth is poisoned, crime, vice and immorality of all kinds are encouraged by the sensational school of literature. As Carlyle truly says about the books of the day, the goats far outnumber the sheep, and they are going, every goat of them, straightway to the bottomless pit. The sooner they get there, and the sooner literature emerges into the broad sunlight of truth, virtue and beauty, the better will it be for the race. Tne AumicuTy Nigger Across THE ATIAN- t1c—We print in another part of to-day’s pa- pera very curious collection of English opin- ions about the Almighty Nigger, his chief priests and disciples in the United States. The noto- rious George Thompson, late a member of Par- liament for Tower Hamlets, rang in John Brown at a reform meeting which had con- vened for the ostensible purpose of extending the suffrage to some of the poorer classes in Great Britain, who work and fare much harder than the negro cotton-pickers in the South. At this meeting we are told that Mr. Thompson “ poke eloquently” about John Brown and the execution. According to Thompson, the ma- terial for Brown’s monument could not be too costly or too fine. Fred Douglass, and a colored woman named Remond (the latter is from Massachusetts, and is begging for the cause in England), addressed a meeting at Leeds. Douglass’ speech might have been taken directly from the columns of the Tribune, so exactly does it tally with the fulminations of the philosophers who control that journal. Douglass did not advocate armed resistance to the slaveholders, but pleaded in support of Mr. Seward’s famous higher law doctrine. He compared Brown to Washington after the approved Tribune style. Finally, Douglass would be glad to share the fate of Brown wherever he may be just at this mo- ment, and probably if Fred should ever go to Virginia he might stand a fair chance of being sent after his devout and pious friend, without much ceremony. This meeting passed two resolutions, one of which declares that slavery has polluted the American churches, and that this meeting felt ita most important duty to stir up the North- ern parsons to give unequivocal testimony against slavery. Quite an appropriate pendant to this resoiution is the speech ot the Reverend Doctor Candlish, at a meeting held in Edinburg to raise funds for the help of Doctor Cheever, ia Americn, and q man who has been carrying JANUARY 17, 1860. © out the Leeds resolution to such an extent that he bas divided his flock, stirred up malice, ha- tred, envy and all uncharitableness, and now aeks moiey from abroad to pay him for preach- -ing sedition, insurrection and treason at home. This batch of abolition eloquence from across the Atlantic is only the beginning of many tirades from our exiles. Douglass’ speech may be considered as that of an exile, and it be- longs to the first crop that we have éver had in the United States, and may be expected to sprout Iuxuriantly. Douglass will be followed abroad by other distinguished martyrs, such as Sanborn and Howe, of Boston, and perhaps Greeley and Seward, of New York. Their doc- trines and speeches are especially popular in Canada and the mother country, and so soon as convenient they would do well to carry them there, and worship the Almighty Nigger side by side with the old ladies of Exeter Hall. TerairorIaL §=LeGIsLaTION AND SQUATTER Soversienty.—In another page of this day's HERA we publish a very instructive paper, drawn up by a member of the United States Senate, being a synopsis of Congressional le- gislation in relation to the Territories of the federal republic from the year 1789 to 1860, From the time that Ohio, the first, till Kansas, the last of the twenty Territories, was orga- nized, there has been but one principle recog- nized—and that is, that all legislative power, all sovereign power over the Territories, is in- vested in Congress, according to that section of the constitution which declares that “Con- gress has power to make all needful re- gulations regarding the Territories”—either Congress passed laws or authorized the people of the Territories to pass them, reserving to itself the right of supervision, just as a State does in the case of a municipal corporation, and we might with far more propriety call a city sovereign than a Territory. A Territory is under the tutelage of Congress, and no more sovereign than is the youth under twenty-one years of age, subject by law to the con- trol of his parents. One attribute of sovereignty is the power to elect our chief ex ecutive ruler, whether he is a President or a Governor. Have the people of any Territory ever pretended Yo elect a Governor or Presi- dent? They have not, and therefore have never asserted the first principle of sovereignty. A Territorial Legislature is the creature of Congress, and in every Territory special re- straints have been imposed upon the Territo- rial Legislature by acts of Congress, and a general law has been passed imposing restric- tions on all Territories. This is utterly incon- sistent with Territorial sovereignty. Congress does not pass laws imposing special restric- tions on particular States, nor general laws of restraint upon the legislation of every State. Why? Because States are sovereign, and have the exclusive right to make their own laws, subject only to the constitution and Supreme Court of the United States. Territorial sovereignty, therefore, or, as it has been aptly called, “squatter sovereigaty,” has no existence, andis a humbug and a delu- sion, got up for purposes of political clap-trap, and to raise false issues, in order to divert the minds of the people from the true issues. It is a modern innovation, unknown to the constitu- tion orto our political history. Tus Heratp axp THE Common Covncr.—In the proceedings of the Board of Aldermen Jast evening, the most important business trans- acted was the passing of a resolution respect- ing the alleged charges of the Henan against the members of that body, contained in an edi- torial article, embracing, according to the reso- lution of the Board, accusations of scheming, ballot stuffing and criminal offences. We publish the document in extenso, and are glad that the Aldermen have been aroused to a sense of their own dignity. The local govern- ment of a city like this should be “pute and above reproach,” and if the charges against the previous Common Council had been tho- roughly investigated and purged, we should have less corruption now. If the Board of Aldermen really desire a committee of inquiry, it shall be our duty to elicit an investigation respecting the character of the present members, by calling upon all those who are cognizant of facts respecting the indictments now pending. NEW YORK LEGISLATURE. Senate. Atnaxy, Jan, 16, 1860 A \arge number of petitions wero presented. ‘The following bills were reported favorably from com mittees:— To confer additional power on Courts of Special Ses. sions. « ‘To compel the attendance of witnesses before commitess of Common Councils, and to punish false swearing by such To make election days public holidays, Several bills made progress in Committee of the Whole. ‘The Quarantine rs transmitted their an. nual report. It is a lengthy document. The Commis- sioners express a hope that, notwithstanding the apparent public ecntiment of New Jersey in opposition, they will Yet obtain Sandy Hook for the purposes of Quarantine. Adjourned. Assembly. Ausany, Jan. 16, 1860. ‘When the House assembled at 7 P. M. the attendance was light, Mr. MastERsox gave notice of a bill granting leave to the Manhattan Gas Company to extend their mains through all the streets and avenues in New York. By Mr. Fct1xr—To prohibit the isaue of free passes on railroads to any person in the employ of the State. By Mr. Mriikev—To regulate the interest on Joan and forbearance of money. _ime ‘annual report of the State Agricultural Society jwas received. ‘The bill in relation to cutting ice in the Hudson river, Was passed. _ Mr. Jaques introduced a bill for a more effectual collec Gon of the wages of labor, which 8 that in jastices courts in cities, suits for wages of labor shall have prefe rence on the calendar, and limits the costs to 2 small sum and allows the issue of a short summons. It also requires an immediate hearing of sech cases that the time of Is- borers, servants and other may not be wasted. Mr. Mutmxy introduced a biti for a railroad in Weet Farme, Westchester, Eastchester, New Rochelle, Yonkers and Morrisapia, in Westchester eo By Mr. Finc—To extend the jurisdiction of justices courts to fifty collar suitg,and provide for the proceed- ings therein. Mr. Coorer introduced a bill providing that the com- mou councils of cities shall wot permit the construction of railroads in the streets, without the consent of ama jority in the interest of owners of property, such ty to be founded upon the assessed value vise wi pro- perty. yur. SuxGERLanp—To protect property in trade, and the carn! of married women. Mr. To construct Canisteo county. By Mr. Giups—To authorize the Supreme oart to order the sale of real estite ——— to religious sosicties, ex- cept societies for the support of the Peto on the appli- cation of two-thirds of the male pew-bolders of full ago, who bave been pew-holders for one year prior to the date of application. Mr. Arnccianivs—For the regulation and government Central Park. It provides the Common Council tay iesue a further amount of Central Park Improvement Fund stock, the annual Interest of which shall not exceed $160,000, Adjourned. Counterfeiters Delivered Ashburton Treaty. Burraro, Jan. 16, 1960. Joseph Becarde, previ reported as under arrest at Paris, C. W., for passing at §t. Louig counterfeit bills on the Philadeiphia Bank, of Philadiphia, bas had bis trial &t Brantford, before Justice Mathews, and been ordered to be delivered up to the "Inijed States autborities under Whe Ashborjon Wim. | ax anigie ae DAUR RENAME REE Sis... currency, and scarce; banks selling only to customers. Airival of the Europa at Boston, ‘ Bostox, Jan. 16, 1860) ong ‘Pbe steamebip Europa arrived bere from Halifax 11:00) M. Her mails will bo seut south over the Now Haven rod by the early train to. morrow morning, whieh is due in New York between dive and aix o'clock tho game evening. — News from New Mexico, h . Bos , 1868. Jan. 16 Tue New Mexican mail, vith Sania Fc dates 12 ina, arrived here Seateraay. oe mail came by the Rattom Mountain the Indians, who are cacamped en the road, sate Hine Bl t ; fi i rE i Robbing the Mail. Warsaw, tian, calling an extra seeion on tho, tof Fetroary an ¢: on @ take action upon the railroad bills and other uaflaiahed > Death of a Catholic Priest. Puitapeirnia, Jan. 16, 1860. Rey. John McDermott, formerly a Catholic at Me- chanicsville, N. Y., died yesterday. This is the thira death here in the Catholic clergy within ten days. Fire in Cincianati. ‘ATi, Jan. 16, 1860. ‘The candle factory of J. H. rs & Co., with its cem- tents, wasentirely destroyed by last night. Loes $25,- 000 to $30,000, not ascertained. The Slavery Question in Nebraska. Cacaco, Jan. 16, 1860, The Omaha Nebraskian of the 10th states that the bill abolishing slavery in Nebraska Territory, which had. = ed both Houses of tho Legislature, had been vetoed ‘by, Governor Black. State Conven- Moytoommrr, Jan. 14, 1860, lis Democratic Goventin Ue day"obinied ant Vi as at jourmed sine die. no. large, and a@- ——$__ The Marine Ssvene ss at Key West. RLESTON, Jan. 16, 11 The Courier’s Key West lotier reports that the marine ” disasters there for the past year have involved the leas of $2,031,000. Se ar re The Lottery hele rar a8 theta Co. . VANNAE, 16, 1 The lottery case of Swan and Company has been “usciasd, by the Supreme Court sustaining the points of Swaa’s counsel, and reversing the decision of the lower Court against Swan. Exchanges. e Cutcaco, Jan. 16, 1860. Sight exchange on New York 2} per cent promium fer ‘Exchange for gold 34 per cent premium. ‘Naw Oreaxa, Jan. 13, 1860, Fxchange on London 7a 73 per cent premium. Bx- change on New York advanced #4 per cent, and is quoted at dg & ¢ per cent discount. Freights to Havre, 18-16c. PHILADELPHIA STOCK BOARD. PmLapepraia, Jan. 16, 1860. Stocks dull. Pennsylvania State 5's, 91%; Reading Railroad, 1574; Morris Canal, 49%; Long Istand Railroad, 114s; Pennsylvania Railroad, 3734. New Orzeays, Jan. 13, 1860. Cotton—Sales to-day 8,500 bales; prices casier, but um- changed at 105¢c. a 107%c. for middling: sales of the week 58,000. Receipts of the week, 71,500 bales, against 64,- 600 in the same period last year. Exports of tho week, 49,000 Dales. Total exports this season, 795,500 bales. Increased recoipts at this port, 219,000 bales. Increased. receipts at all ports, 404,6C0. Stock in port, 625,000 bales. Monte, Jan. 14, 1860. Cottons—Sules today 4,000 bales; prices irregular. PurLapetpnia, Jan. 16, 1866. Flour duli and unchanged. Wheat quict and steady. Corn scarce; new yeltow in demand at 7é6c.; oats, 45¢.;-, coffee firm at 11c.a123¢c. Provisions quiet;’ meas pork $170 $17 50. Hogs, $6 7587. Whiskey unchanged. Barnimone, Jan. 16, 1860, Flour steady but not active: Howard street $5 50. Wheat unchanged. Corn dull; white, 73c. a 75c.; yollow, T4c.a76c. Provisions steady. Whiskey dull at 250. Exchange on New York unchanged. Cirawxan, Jan. 16, 1860. Hogs—Reecipts light, and little was done at’$5 99 a $6 40—the latter price for extra » Provisions meats 6c. & quiet. Mess por $16 26 a $16 50. 83gc._ Flour dull at $5 30 a $5 40. Whiskey higher: sales firm, at 2230. a 227%. Wheat firm. Corn es Organization of the National Democratic Hall Association—Meeting at the Everett House. A meeting ©: ‘he National Democratic Hall Association was held at the i verett House last evening, at the call of the chairman, Stephen P. Russell, and the scorctary, Isaac Lawrence. The Committee on Charter and By-laws—Fernando ‘Wood, John 8. Betts, W. B. Lawrence, Jr., Gilbert Dean, and James 8. Libby—reported a serice of articles for the government of the association, until a special charter cam be obtained. These articles are drawn up under the limitations of the general law authorizing the organization of corporations for the erection of pablic buildings. It is provided that the name shall be the ‘National Democratic Hall Aecociation,’’ with powers to hold and take real and other rty, with a restriction as to trating or - lation. ‘The building is to be erected for pol Sang , &c., and will be held by trustees in accordance with the law, for the present, their number to be fixed hereafter at thirty-two, or one for each State in the a } ‘88 8000 a8 a special charter can be procared. The capital ~! to be called for will be $100,000, with a provision for its increase to the limit of $300,000. The shares are fixea the sum of $25 each. Pay Dean and ber giby ong who had been ws aDY gave aseurances of the willingngss expressed members of the Legislature of all parties to grant Special charter to the association. that the charter of the Tamman; ety, granted in 1805, was given to one Mooney for cl ke purposes; it did not comprise more than a page on tho statute book} and as im — other respects the society had departed from justice and. true principle, so with respect to its charter, the Attor- ney General could at any moment, if he thought proper, forfeit the Tammany Society's grant for non-usor. * The Finance Commitee was ordered to be twenty twa, one for each ward in the city. A special committee was Appointed to choose trustees and r the same at the It was remarked members in attendance at the meeting excteded w hondred, which, besides Mr. Wood and those more active ly tdecuitied with the movement, comprised-a number ef moneyed men and other citizens, such pric Ge ees ~ Dudley Bean, John T. , Joba F. Dykers, C. . rison, L. F. Sayers, A. il, E H. Ladiow, &. ms The hropmedings. 8. harmonious, aud indicated the 4 number. jar—This Day. Sevmmte CovrT—Cireatt Part T, Nos, at, 413, 415, GBT 48a, aber abr, sot, deat part 3, Neo. 0d, i f Nos, and B80,'aided to calevdar of Monday. Usirep States t Covrr—As before. Common Puras.—Part 1, Nos. 69, 60, 86, 252, 281, 282, By i oe edie aa ena ae ee gots PH gage in 433, reer CovrtT—Part 1, Ns. 305, 365, 329, 423, 489, 461. 455, 457, 459, 241 ¥ * 489; 471, 473, 479; part 2, Nos. 368, JAM, 425, 438) 448. 458, BB 910, "268, ‘952, 190, 284, 12!) Ay,