The New York Herald Newspaper, December 9, 1859, Page 4

~~ 4 ARRIVAL OF THE PERSIA. Two DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. Our London, Paris, Brussels and Berlin Correspondence. Complicated State of Affairs in Europe. 2 THE ITALIAN DIFFICULTY. Again Delayed. Austria Not Satisfied with the Begency of Savoy. LORD COWLEY'S MESSION FROM PARIS TO LONDON Repert ef a Disarmament Pro- paced by Napuleca. MARGH QF FRENCH TROOPS FOR CHINA. TSE SPANEISH-MOROCCO WAR. the Army of IN| ENGLAND- JOHN BROWN THE MARKETS, Ren, ke, ke. The Chward stenmship Persia, Captain Jadkins, which Wi Liverpool ac Balf-past nine o'clock on the morning of Samurtay. ch € November, arrived at her dock at Jersey City ahont zine o'clock yesterday morning. Hor cows is two days later than that broaght by the Biimbarg and Ocean Queen, but it is not of very great in- terest. 3 In Londen the demand for money hai been moderately active, and in a few exceptional cases rather less than the bank minimam had been charged for accommodation. ‘Ths Paris correspoudent of the London Post says a de- cided difficulty had grown up in regard to the proposed Congress. The invitations had not been issued. Austria was said tobe the cause of the delay. Another authority says that Prince Metternich had re- T™uitted to Count Walewski the letters from the Austrian government, addressed to the foreign Powers, inviting them to take part in the Congress. These invitations were to be delivered at their respective destinations by the French couriers, conveying similar invitations from the French government. ‘The Paris correspondent of the London Times, in his latest letter, confirms the statement that the invitations to the Congress had been delayed, not from any difference ‘between the English and French Cabinets, but rather owing to some difficulties started by Austria on the regency question, The Vienns correspondent of the same journal ” says it was rumored in diplomatic circles there that thore were still many and great difficulties to be removed be- fore the Congress could mect. On the day when the treaty ratifications were exchanged at Zarich, M. Armand delivered t+ the Austrian plenipo- tentiary a draft at ight for twenty millions of florins. The Femaining eighty millions are to be paid in four instal- ‘ments at short intervals. An Austrian imperial letter orders the ministers to grant a full ampesty to all persons compromisea by the part a dove taken in Italien affairs, This amnesty will ap- q to civil as, woll as military persons. Criminal offences ‘no political character are to be excepted. The Almanach de Gotha for 1860, which has just ap- peared, docs not take any notice of the changes made in Italy. by the last war, with the exception of Lombardy. ‘The rensow apparently ia, nothing is yet officially decided on. Lombardy no longer stands under the head of Aus- tria, neither dees it find a place in the article relative to Piedmont. Nothing is changed in the Afmanach in the Roman States, nor in the Duchies of Tuscany, Parma and ‘Modena; the Marquis Tanay de Nerli remains designated as the representative of the Grand Duke Ferdinand IV. ‘The Almanach is evidently waiting until the Congress shall have definitively decided on the reorganization of Centra! Italy. vf Lord Cowley, the British Ambassador to France, had arrived in London, and it was reported that his mission was to lay Before the English government a proposal from the French government for a simultaneous disarmament dy England and France. Another report is that he was summoned to receive final instructions from the British Cabinet respecting the Gongress. ‘The London Post characterizes the recent Brussels tele- graphic despatch respecting a simultancous disarmament by France and England as being absurdon the iace. It says:— Disarmament is the very last thing France could ask, the very last thing England could accede to. Our arma: ments are not at all based upon any French preparations if we adopt measures of a defensive nature; they are un- dertaken as against all comers, and against combination of Powers. We do not vary in accordance with the vary- ing strength of our neighbors. ‘The Post believes that the preliminaries which the Eng- | lish government have considered necessary previous to the assembly of a Congress are in a fair way of settle- ment, and we may therefore look forward to the assem- bly of the Congress at no very distant date. The London ‘Times says the report in question was, from the first, only unworthy of attention. The English government had decided upon making a considerable increase in the army, by the formation of a second battalion to each of the regiments up to and includ- ing the Thirty-fifth, by which means an increase equiva- lent to eleven regiments will be obtained. The London Post says this measure ought to excite uo surprise, when ‘the small amount of the British army is compared with the extent of territory which it has to occupy, and the drafts necessary for India and China. ‘The London Times of the 26th ult.,in a leader on the | volunteer movement, says that if we are to have a really imposing force, it must be to a great extent consisting of ‘men of the artisan class. ‘The London Times, in some remarks on recent and forthcoming meetings of the shipping interest, proposes to give the recoudite meaning of these gatherings.© It is not enough to drive out the Freuchmen and the Americans; British shipping means sailing ships, and on every pri ple of protection and prohibition, te sailing ship, be literally the weaker vessel, has a right tw be prot against the formidable rivalry of screw steamers, Her Majesty's ship Wrangler returned to Woolwich from an experimental cruise to try the forty pound and eight pound Armstrong gun at sea. A most complete course of experiments was carried out. Sixty rounds of ammunition, with the elongated ship, were tired with perfect success, and every experiment pertaining to the gun was pronounced faultless. ‘The King of Portagul bad signed a decree ordering the disolotion of the Cortes, a measure which had become a ‘vital question for the maintainance of the Ministry. The new Chamber will be convoked for the 29th January. ‘The health of the King of Prussia had so much improv. od that Le medioal attendants had advised his removal to the Isle of Wight ‘The Viena Prone states that the effectives of all com- panies of Aestrian \fantry are to be reduced from 100 to 80 men. Under the beading of «Austria at Work,” the Opinione Nationale of November 2, bas a very bier article against that Power which in Germany proposog to the Frankfort Diet to maintain the constitution which was in 1882 impored upon the Hesse Rlectoral, and has com- pletely crushed that province, so that it is as a body de. prived of life. As to Hangary, the Kmperor Francis Joseph has not kept any of the promises made by his unele Ferdinand on the 11th of April, 1848, and which he hinmelf renewed on ascending the throne. Fiaally, as to * Italy, Francis Joseph promised the Emperor Napoleon that he would be a good father tothe Venetians. Far from that, now that Venice is ruined and unable to pay the extraordinary taxes imposed doring the war, those émpositions are not only maintained for 1560, but a new increase of cighteen per cent on thom has just been de creed. iB cted ae NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1960.—TRIPLE SHEET. - ‘The Madrid journals atato that a few wocks ago @ duol with swords took place between M, San Migual, director ofthe Theatre del Principe (nophow of the duko), and Mario the singer, and that both wore slightly wounded. ‘The cause of the duel is not stated. The wound of Mario must have been very slight, as he was two days after announced to sing in a performance projected at the royal theatre for the benefit of the wounded of the army of Africa. General Comonfort, of Mexico, has arrived at Marseilles. Very late reports from Constantinople continue to speak of tremenduous storms and numerous shipwrecks in the Black Sea. The Empress mother of Russia was seriously indisposed at Nice. We read in the Manchester Ezaminer:— Understanding that rumors regarding the serious ill- ness of Mr. Cobden were in circulation in Manchester last evening, we bave made inquiries on the subject, aud are evabied to state the foilowing facts upon the best autho- rity:—Mr. Cobden left London for Paris on Wednesday, the 16th instant, and was then suffering under a severe cold, which was aggravated by his crossing the Channel om the 17th. When he arrived in Paris he was compelled to confine himself to his room, and has been suffering ever since. We are glad, however, to state that, accord- ing w the latest repert of his physician, the honorable geatheman was progressing favorably. In the case of the coaviet, Doctor Smethurst, accused of potsoning Isabella Bankes, a free pardon, under the Great ‘Seal, was received by Mr. Keene, the Governor of Horse- mveger lane jail, for the prisoner. In reference to the erime, Sir G. C. Lewis, writing to the chief Baron of En- fund om the subject, sars.— ‘The necessity which I gag tor dagen gd w granta free pardce in case asit ap- Searsio aoe_ arava from any defect in the consutation of he proceenti o€ our criminal tribunals. It has arisen trom: the amperfeetion of medical science, and from the SAMUdUsY of jpotgmest, inan obscure malady, even of skiful apd veneed practitioners. The Borsbay mailof the 12th of November had been telegraphed to Loudon. The death of Nena Sahib bad deem ascoaaced at Allahabad in large printed handbills, debit was regarded as a ruse by the Nena himself, to pre- vent the winter campaign which was soou to be com- Letters from Shanghae, dated September 19, sate that Admiral Hope was so far recovered from his wounds as to bg able to walk, and that he had arrived at Shanghae on a visit to Mr. Bruce. Officers have been employed in surveying the coast in the vicinity of the mouth of the Peiho, and a favorable position for the landing of troops, by which the forts might be taken in the rear, and ob- viate the necessity of foreing the river’s mouth. A report was also prevalent in Shanghae at the time the letter was written that the Chinese were engaged in raising some of the forts at the entrance to the Petho. The Opinione Nationale, speaking of the expedition against China, has the following in its issue of the 21st:— We, Frenchmen, have in this sad affair a very poor 'réle, which ‘is anything but appropriate to our great aud generous, nation. We have just de- fended the good right in Italy; shall we now, as adventurous champions, engage ‘in a contest against an immense empire—a contest from which we have nothing to gain—to aid proud allies in opening a market of four millions of souls, where they will pour, without profit to our national erie oben exhaustless products from Bir- mingham and Manchester, and their opium from India, e traffic in which was lately stigmatized by an English paper as second in infamy to the traffic in slaves. The Nord, of November 21, in a long article headed “Spain and England in Morocco,’’ gives the following ad vice to the first named Powe) Spain is right not to notice ose clamors of England. She can be sure of the hangs ahs Europe in the cam- ‘ign which she und against the barbarians of the ‘orth of Africa. It is the cause and the interest of sivili- zation which she carries to Morocco, as Frauce did in Al- ria thirty years ago, notwithstanding the protests of gland in hevor oh tie’ Algerian, pirates. oo ‘The Constitutionnel of Nov. 20 remarks that not alone the governments but also the municipalities now free themeclves of the bankers for the realization of the loans they want to contract for, and have recourse to public subscriptions. ‘The Opinione Nationale of November 25, speaking of the Harper's Ferry insurrection, gives as its opinion that civil war is unavoidable between the North and the South, The steamship Impredor, with submarine cable, had touched at the Cape and proceeded to India. The Nova Scotian, from Quebec, arrived at the bar of the Mersey at 8 A. M., on the 234 ult., but did not reach Liverpool until twenty-four hours later, on account of the dense fog which prevailed. ‘The Arago atrived at Southampton on the morning of the 25th ultimo. ‘The Jason arrived at Galway on the evening of the 25th November. rs y. Our London Correspondence. Lospon, Nov. 25, 1859, Another Coup de Main of Napoleon—Proposed Disarma- ment f England and France—The War with China— Lalian Affairs— Sardinia Accepts the Regency of the Gen- tral States—Garibaldi’s Movements—The Zurich Treaty— Bordintato Pay Fifty Millions of Dollars to Austria—Lec- ture of Smith O'Brien on America—The Weather, éc. One would think that it was the solo study of Louis Na- poleon to amuse himself by startling the world “out of its propriety” by sudden and. unlooked for surprises. His whole career has been characterized by these coups de main, as the French call them, but which in sober Eug- Jand are regarded more as theoretical tricks than other- wise. Without aiming at dramatic effect, the French Emperor constantly produces it from the simple fact that he conceals his thoughts from every one, and when he decides, he acts with the utmost promptitude, and, gene- rally, in the very opposite direction to that expected. I teld you in my last letter that great preparations for ‘war were going on in both England and France, such as rarely have been seen before. Every thinking man in both countries felt anxious for the future. Every one in England had been led to fear a French invasion asa pro- bable event at some early period, and a large volunteer force was rapidly enrolling for duty in every part of the United Kingdom. Imagine, then, the astonishment of the town this morning to hear that the British ambassa- dor,Lord Cowley, has come over to London this week ‘with a proposal from Napoleon for a “simultancous dis- armanent by England and France.”? Could anything be more in contrast to what was expected? Instead of a proclamation of war from France, here comes the | cuckoo note of peace in the shape of a proposition | of disarmament. I believe it has been made by Napoleon | simply becanse nothing could be wiser. It will not only | be an immense saving to the exchequer of both nations to abandon these costly preparations, naval and military, now going on, but, what is more important, a change of attitude from a warlike toa friendly and pacific one, on ‘the part of France, will put an end tothat increasing alarm: and uncertainty which is doing serious damage to the com. mercial classes of both countries, I cannot think that | Napoleon has contemplated a war with England, which | would be his ruin. But even if it be so, he must | baye discovered that public opinion in France, which is, in a word, the opinion of the trading | classes, is resolutely opposed to such an act of in- sanity, and that the time has come to inake known to England and the world that her phrase is a true oue—that Vempire c'est la paiz, and that ber poticy is peace. 1 have no doubt this gratifying news is well founded, and the effect will be electrical on the prosperity of both countries. England will gladly welcome her proposition of disarmament, but her suspicions at first will be aroused lest this may only bea crafty scheme of Napoleon to check those earnest proparations for defence which are £0 enthusiastically going on allover England. By de- grees, however, they will discover that Napoleon sees that the interests of his empire and her dynasty are per- manently identified with the English alliance, and they will also find out that the spread here by alarmists of the hostility of the French nation to England are grossly exaggerated. The French army and navy may desire a war with England or any other country, becanse fighting is their trade. The ultra Catholic clergy may also long to see Protestant England assailed. But neither army, nor navy, nor clergy governs France now-a-days, notwithstanding | he importance ascribed to them by some journals here | Trade and commerce govern France, and Napoleon, abso- | ute as he is represented, docs not’ tamper with or en- danger them. Nous vervons, a8 Father Ritchie used to say. The troops for the Chinese expedition are embarking France for their destination, and the utmost alacrity, enthusiasm, is exhibited by them for their distant vice. There is a novelty about it that fires the imagination; and, after having foliowed the tri- color over the ree of oa as ae gl said in his famous speech. natural they should ire to the great glory Of planting their ‘renowned. standart ‘on the more acagy od wl eye The Chi- Bese must mselves for a tremendous drubbing, ‘and’ the. sooner they get it the better for them and the rest of mankind. They are a faithless race, aud are as false to their friends as to their foes. Our govera- Ment has been ly civil to them, and our r: ward is to be treated in the worst manner poseible. Not only was our Minister to Pekin made a mockery of, bi will get the news by this mail that the Chinese govern. ment have fépudiated Mr, Reed’s treaty and have closed two of the ports which were opened w our commerce by that solemn document. The wisest thing for us is, to ray for all manner of success to the new expedition of the French and English agsinst these perfidious and stup barbarians, and it is quite certain that some gi results will follow it. The overthrow of the Tar tar dynasty, and the conversion of Pekin into a French garrison, will be more memorable events in reigu of Napoleou UL than apy recorded bag rib A basta by Tran scope ‘the Regency over th en nenees ance ‘over the @sntral which was, at first, refused. If Napoleon had not con- sented to this, the revolutionary party would have arisen and put Garibaldi at ite }) and all Ita!y would have been once more in a state of » This would have led to much —— bloodshed; for France, be Austria, would have set promptly at work to put it down, aod (> their sien lia have’ been idle, To prevent such ® fad result, Sardinia is per- to wield a temporary ‘power over the Central States, subject to the final dispositions of the European ‘Which will soon assemble. In consequence of this arrangement, Garivalt: has thrown up his military command, a8 head of the voluntoor force wi he has been enrolling for some months past, and he has retired once to private life. He has acted wisoly, for if be had ‘with his raw levies to raise the banner of revolution eeeGuepstotb. Qari. ant Franoe, he would have, been crt , and lost all the ro- utation he has so widely acquired’ in the late war for roism and disinterestedneds, ‘Be is deoply chogrined at the neceasdy of giving up the prominent rdle, he has red, and losing the of becoming the Wash- mn of Italy. ever, an idle dream, for Ttaly aad the Italians are different things from “Old Thirteen” and the people of 76; and if Washington himself were to come down to take Garibald!’s post, and Fon hinge pr La the coe earn hin Ay herd would forthwith throw up Job in disgust, ani roturon to Heaven with the conviotion that the Italians Spee gE a , a in, woul Es up whh’a despotiamn worse thas ‘ly over- thrown. Garibaldi may never become a revolutionary hero, but he can be of great service to his country by & Pradent and truly patriotic course. ‘The treaty of Zurich is complete, and one of its clauses stipulates the payment of fifty millions of dollars, by in- nts, to Austria from Sardinia. This is just the of thing we did when we pa‘d Moxico for Cali- fornia, What is the sense wasting blood and treasure in war if you for your conquests after wards? It was an absurd for us to do in the case of California; as Bardinis has nop choice in the matter. The was Cc! ly fought ‘won France, which gave Lombardy to Sardinia; and Franco, in order to concliate Austria, req Sardinia to pay for her new and rich possession. This is all right, and the London Times thinks Austria would be glad to sell the rest of ber Italian territory for anything like the same money, which she stands greatly in neod of. It would be just like Austria, after getting the money, to seize the first occasion to conquer Lombardy back; but she will not venture upon sueb a doubtful enterprise so long as Napoleon Ill. reigns in France, that is quite certain, 4 Smith O’Brien has just been delivering a lecture on the United States, wherein he gives the impressions gathered from his late travels there. He remained there too short a time te obtain any correct knowledge of us or our insti- tutions; but his object in this iecture seemed to be not 80 much to excite the curiosity of his audience about the great republic of the West as to seize the occasion to have a fling at the British government and the British people, This sort of thing is quite out of date in Ireland now-a- days, and Smith O'Brien might have made better use of his recent journey to the United States by giving the Irish peo- ple some useful knowledge, @an by seeking to inflame na- tional predjudices that are dying out and endeavoring tore: vive lis old trade of agitation in which heso signally and ingloriovsly failed. Beeides, it is in bad taste to abuse the government which gave nim a pardon and restored to him his property confiscated by his erme of treason. The month of November has behaved itself so far ox- ceedingly well. Instond of incessant fegs and pitiless Taim, we have been blessed with weather mostly clear and dry. The town, in cousequence, is unusually ani- mated, in spite of the absence of most of the aristo- cracy.’ Fine equipages are dashing in numbers about the ‘West End. The shops are quite crowded. The theatres are doing a brisk business. The city itself, in spite of the gloomy political horizon, is daily hatching now specula- tions te absorb the excess of capital flowing in. If the news of the dicarmament is confirmed, then look out for a speculative mania and its final results. ‘ Our Paris Correspondence, Panis, Nov. 24, 1859. The Regency andthe Difficulties Attendant—The Troubies of France and England—Prussia and England Try to Induce Russia to Join Them in an Attack on France—The French and English Press—England Jealous of the Commercial Rivalry of Fravce~The Expedition Against China—The War Between Spain and Morocco—The Mortara Case to be Laid Before the Congress—Life in the Oily—The Em- peror as a Sporteman, dc. ‘We have had a great many political twistings and tura- ings during the past week. The first excitement was pro- duced by the proffered Regency to Prince Carignan. Great agitation was evinced as regarded the course to be pur- sued by King Victor Emanuel—would he accept or not the honor intended for his cousin. That France was unfavor- able to such a course was at once evinced by a short note published in the Moniteur, deprecating the action of the Assemblies and pointing out the fact that a Regency in Central Italy, to be established just at the moment when a Congress was to assemble, was premature and but adding to the difficulties that were to be settled. A few days more brought us the intelligence tht Victor Emanvel, faithful to the advice of his friend ani. 'y, had refused the Regency for hia coustes “Theu'eamne Tr uses that Prince Carignan had declined, from grays ss'itioal motives, the Regency, but that he nominate ‘+ ¥13 steaa Chevalier Buonompagni, who, af you wi!! «+ nember, vacted a few months since as the (Co) uirioner of Victor Emanuel in Turcany. Here s a new cause of wonder and excitement. at was this government to do, and was not the nomina'' + of Cheva- lier Buoncompagni a sort of political w'\ yping the devi around the stump? to use a homely but ce, pressive phrase. ‘The ultramontane journals, as well as the organ of the legitimists, added their howls to the general bother and uncertainty, while, to cap the climax, the English journals began a crusade, the London Times.as leader, in favor of Garibaldi as Dictator of Italy, making in his name loud and direct appeals to the revolutionists or the disorderly of Central Italy. The French government, through the medium of its semi-official organs, made known that it had the same objections to the Regency of Chevalier Bu- oncompagni as to that of Prince Carignan, and ft then became a momentous matter whether the King of Sar- dinia would ratify the nomination of Buoncompagni. ‘While all attention was being paid to the subject, a bigot- ted fanatic Parisian journal, called L’Ami de la Religion, published a long and most insolent letter, which it attri- ‘buted to King Victor Emanuel, in answer to the one writ- ten to him by the Emperor Napolgpn III. Thisletter bore upon the face of it that it was a forgery, but still some ex- citement was occasioned by it, a8 there are always persons ready to believe any evil, the wish with them being father to the thought. The Ami de la Re- ligion was seized by the Procureur Imperial for wilfully disseminating false and dangerous news, and is to be tried at law for the offence. I found upon conversing with some American friends here that they were under the impression this government could at once seize and suppress any offending journal. This is accord- ing far more absolute power to it than it really possess. es. Any journal that infringes the laws applicablé to the press cannot be at once suppressed. Three warnings must first be given bythe Minister of the Interior, or rather Ishould say, there must be three wilfal offences, But the offence of the Amide la RAigion is considered a most dan- gerous one, and it comes under a different law. I believe that it is considered treasonable, inasmuch as it published ‘an apocryphal letter, knowing it to be such, with the pur- pose of embittering the relations between Sardinia and France. The letter in question was some time since de- nounced by the official organs at Turin, portions of it hav- ing appeared in several Italian papers. The journal will be tried by the Court, and if found guilty be at once sup- pressed, but until the trial will of course appear as usual. But let me return to the subjectof the regency. As Tsaid above, all was anxiety as to what Victor Emanuel would do; he was placed in a sad dilemma; on the one hand, he could not desire to vex a friend and firm ally; onthe other, he could not refuse to give way to the unanimously. expressed desires of the people of Central Italy, as he has pronounced himself their champion. He at once gent a trusted friend to the Emperor Napoleon, and by dint of good und sufficient reasons, I suppose, he succeeded in ob:aining the consent of France to the regency of Buon- compagni. The French semi-official organs then an- nounced the fact that, owing to further information re- ceived upon the subject, the nomination of Chevalier Buoncompagni assumed another aspect than was at first given to it, and that it was now considered by this govern- ment that his regency would be a guarantee for the pre. servation of peace and order in Central Italy until the decision of the Congress will have secured for that coua- try a permanent and popular government. Thas, matters were all right, when came the announce- ment that Ricasoli, Minister of the Interior for T ¥, Opposed the nomination of Chevalier Bunncompagni in the name of the Toscan Assembly. Here was more matter for discussion and excitgment; but Tam led to believe by those usually well informed that this diMculty will be at once setticd, as Victor Emanue hus interposed. The fact is, a8 soon as it was >vident that the lish: diplomats looked upon revolutionary disorders in Italy as an escape from the coming Congress, and that they Were carrying the idea into execution by advising the italians to throw aside all obeervance of order and peace, end to rally around Garibaldi, making him their dictator, the General felt the danger of such an unpripcipled policy, and he at once resigned his command. He Was determined he would not be the tool of Eog- lish duplicity, King Victhr Emanuel, to mark his fense of ‘the real ana ested patriotism of the famous Italian chief, has given him a still higher Frade than the one he had ia the army of the League, aad as aleo appointed him bis Aid de camp. have had an interview lately with General Garibalai, and can assure you that it was to put au end to the constant intrigaing going on around Wim that he resigned. He openly avows 4 his deter miwation of foiliug, by all means in his power, the machi sof those Faglish diplomats wha, to carry out thir own aims, care ether Italy sick or swim * Order aad pea: will be preserved, and we sluall soe ris no. sheen aienn. Austrian malaria WAR Bases it and popular government. is effected, that the mount, an will : firet stretched out a mar France and England continues to agitate the public mind in both countries. In England the panic seems to have attained a white heat, to judge from the tone of the journals that have undertaken to bring about a war at all’ hazards; but, in reality, save ean & certain sina. aoliininnes the Rage poole are at last beginning to wake up to the fact that the’ are, like real John Bulls, bein@ dragged into a conilict wi a powerful ally, all to enable # few ambitious demagogues . to ride into power, and to tho avaricious desires of the wealthier manufacturing ‘and commercial classes. | : bf But are dealing witha deeper as a ian maselves. Ho foresaw the coming strug- }, and prey for it. He has made a friend of Aus- }, One Who will aid him when he desires it. He has claims upon the gratitude of Italy, and he will, in spite of England's interference, contirm m. Spain’ is his tirm and faithful ally, rendered more so by present events. Besides all these favorable circumstances, France is at this moment able to struggle succesfully against Europe combined, as she has already done me une once. But land ’can never, during the reign of Na- poleon, combine ail Europe aginst him; he has wiscly made sucha thing impossible. ‘The coalition was being entered into a few months since, when it received a terri- bie slap in the face at Villafranca. English diplomacy thought the moment an opportune o2e for ing its work of deception and treachery against anally who was engaged fighting for the independence ofatyrannized people, and so Prussia was pushed on to assume the de- fensive; but the eyefof Napoleon was upon thom, and quick as thought came the peace of Viliafranca. Francis Joseph, saved from cetrain destruction, grasp- ed with gratitude the band of the man who had the moral courage to atay his armat the moment of success, and swore alliance with him. Never will the machinatious of ogland cause Francis Joseph to rank again among the enemies of Napoleon III. I know, from the best authori ty, that, for some time past, there has been an effort on the part of Prussia to draw nearer to Russia, and that, to effect this purpose, the former Power is ready to aid the latter as regards its views in the Orient. In fact, Rng. Jand and Prussia are endeavoring to gain the alliance of Russia to make the combined attack upon France; but how can England side now with Russia, as regards the lntter’s demands in the Orient, after having committed herself by joining France agaiust Russia, upen the same question? She would draw upon herself the contempt of all Europe, and now-a-days, nations as well as individuals cannot brave public opinion with impunity. England fought Russia to ripple, as much as possible, a Power that was making a seriousinroad into a commerce hitherto especially belonging to her. In fact, Russia was advancing with gigantic strides towards China and India. So England went to war with her. Now, she would make an alliance with her to war with France, because France is competing with her nearer home. But, a8 I have said above, Napoleon IU. is more than a match for England’s diplomats, as she is fast finding out. Allow me to set right an assertion that appears in the London Times, as regards the troubled state of af- fairs. The Thunderer came outa few days since with an article complaining of the attacks made upon the Eng- lish press by the French journals. Now as the Zimes has heaped all kinds of abuse upon the Fronch people, gov- ernment and ruler for the last ten , it is, to say the least of it, rather impudent in that journal to find fault with ing slap for After years of moderation, the French are at last exasperated, and of course answer the malevolent misreprescntation of the English journals ‘with equal bitterness. Some mouths ago, when the English journals were at- tempting to draw the two countries ihto a struggle, the Emperor advised the Minister of the Interior to send a circular to the different Prefects, calling upon them to re- quest of the journals in their departments great calition, as regarded noticing the leaders of the English papers, as this governinent desired to remain at peace with England. But the leaders in question became so insolent anc sive eftect proanoed by x world be preJedical, "So vo aneuee e jn wou 10 ol has been sent, and the Lwaden prides graceful backts out of ‘an untenable position. The Thunderer found it had got ahead too fast, autl had clamored too much for war. Al- ‘coming » ani ere ears to its assertions. the follor extract from the Patrie, a sort of ge often! ‘organ, I drop the subject of the Amglo-French ‘confor y fortiors England herself, with certain of her journals. Ni the cont ‘and its gross insulte, the with its reminiscences of an anti- aeres 5 oper en Lap gre ale we rep'y wah some degree of warmth pe \provocations 0 ‘other of these Jo "we have them view alone, and do mot address ourselves to the of England, whom we believe to be perfectly innocent ir Ke, ‘a to the real importance of ar of words. The situation is this:—Certain English la, ‘with the Timea naturally at their head, have insulted ‘the Em: French army, and the 5 peror's government, the Rod they found ur in the front, ene they attacked with ao little justice. id, in any Case, resem! Ww Let us no longer dwell under sich a misunderstand: tng. Let us no longer leave to a few of the London above all, to the that chief insulter of the European press—the dangerous privilege of sowing unprofitable seeda of dtseord between two great peoples, whose alliance is 80 ne- cessary to the peace of the world and civilization. ‘The Secretary of the Navy (English) has become the patron of a rifle company; clerks are clamoring for more | time and more money to join rile companies, and the | Queen aud Prince Albert have announced that they would | confer special favors to riflemen. All the lords and dukes of England are practising with the rifle and getting up rifle companies, while we are each day being entertained with stories in the English papers of some of the tallest rifle shooting on record; in fact, England hag gone rifle mad, and should be represented in Punch as lying in bed struggling with a feartul nightmare, produced by arifle | lying across her chest. The best of the joke is, that fear- ful of not having enough rifles, large orders have come from England to France, and now at Lille, and one or two other places, hundreds of them are being manufactured and sent over to England, and will, I suppose, be used some day t their makers; but at the present time the rifle practice is merely obnoxious to the English people, several of them having been wounded by the zealous fature heroes, who are firing off their rifles in all parts of the country and at all hours You will hear, by your this week’s files, that General Martimprey has finished his campaign against the Moor- ish tribes that had attacked the French settlements. The General made them sniffer a succession of severe defeats, und they have all submitted to the conqueror, and have paid the tributes due to France. The General arrived to- day in Paris, and the troops forming his command are to be disbanded at once, and gurrisoued in Algeria aud in this country. The troops to be sent to China bave already made their preparations, and in a few weeks the whole of the French forces will be under way. Several steamers are being builtto serve as mail boats, and te bear despatches to the expedition. The are to be of unusual speed, and will be ready to gail by the first of Jauuary. Nothing can equal the care taken by the Minister of Marine and of War to render the expedition as efficient as possible, while every precaution is being taken to ensure the comfort of the troops. A great many surgeons are to sail with them, and their food is to be of the best quality. It is in getting up "an expedition of this kind that the extraordinary eftciency of the different government administrations in. France isobservable. All is.done with an order and re- gularity and oelerity that is really most wonderful, and at the same time forces upon the mind of the observer how ae are the resources of the French government. Spain has notas yet attacked the Moors in a serious manner. ‘The weather has been so bad as to prevent the Spanish fleet from crossing over to the ccast of Morocco, Some- time since Marshal O'Donnell started in a steamer to sur- vey the coast, and ascertain where was the best place for the landing of the troops under his command. The delay which thus occurred has been misjudged, and several of the Covtinental journals and all the English journals’were wondering why the Marshal should lose so much time. He was making a good use of it, as the Moors will find totheir cost. Iam sorry te say that the Spanish clergy are en- deavoring to render the war one of a religious tendency. This is a great orror, as at the present time Europe will not tolerate such a'thing, We are past the days of the Crusades. The Spanish journals continue to chronicle the increasing enthusiasm of the people, and to rejoice over the fact that the war is ended: the people of Spain and the government will better andes each other, and that ineurrections and partial revolutions will occur no more. Allow meo assure you that the rumor of a misunder- standing between the admiral of tho fleets of England and France, now stationed near Gibraltar, ig unfounded, The relatious between the two fleets are most amicable, and have been go ever since they arrived at Algesiras, ‘The troops sent by Spain, under the orders of Marshal O'Donnell, consist of about 60,000 men, divided into three corps, whilst a fourth, under the orders of General Prim, is to encamp at Anquetera, and to remain in readiness to pass the Straits. The hospitals of the wounded of thy army of Africa are to be at Seville, and in that plage also the Moors taken prisoners are to be detained. The regu: jar army of which the sovereign of Morocco disposes varies from 40,000 to 56,000 men, including the Black Guard, the Moorish cavalry, the artillery, which bas can. nom and howitzers on the new model, and some battalions of riflemen armed with new rifles. If the Emperor had not for traditional enemies the powerful tribes of Schel locks, Touaregs and Amazirks. he would, on the proclama- lion of the boly war, see 400,000 or 600,000 mon, sober Uke Babyles, and intrepid like all fanatics, rash ty arms Jeet, bave declared in his favor... ofthe Hsrinians tom th Roan Mortara is now in Hind gr a his gC CI cont mar the commencement of our fashionable much as was pureed ‘The élite have watering places and country seats, while: ds of fo- reigners, including many Americans, are now here. strects and principal drives are filled, with fine equipages, bd on a cian ae, bee evidences of arrival of the have taken place, while the bate hier iy ‘iled to overflowing with ladies decked out, with taste and elegance peculiar to Paris. At Oompiegne there has been -@ great espe gat at which an enormous amount of game was killed. Prince Metternich wnd the Emperor ‘were the most successful sportsmen, the Emperor seving killed more head ot game than any one else, ed superior skill or of courteous resorve I donot which. His takes almost & promenade about Com y+ attended morely by an aid-de- camp, on which occasion the citizens have the good sense to treat him. as though they oe iret ager before Tower’ whlch formorly dafeted the satrsago a We ol, wer . ‘The Tower is at the extremity of an old bri a4 ish Joan of Arc made her last sortie, in which sho fell into the hands of the English. His ty afterwards visited the Museum and Hotel de Ville. ‘A grand stag bunt is to ere oe Monday, which I attend, andin my next Tshall describe what events of interest may then ocour. A cit) relates the following: — ‘Ou the ocoasion Empress’ fete the Prince Imperial re- cited a compliment to her ; bat his ‘him Pereieeee ee uae = y arms, ‘The received the embrace of her'son an emotion ‘which was shared by all the persons present. Our Brussels Correspondence. Brussers, Nov. 28, 1859. Fresh Complications of the Nalian Question—The Regency of Central Haly—The Congress—The Anglo-French Alliance— Intervention of the State in Industrial Undertakings —Uni- Sormity of Weights, Measures and Coinage, dc. The solution of those difficulties which disturb European tranquillity, create uneasiness and anxiety in all minds, and moreover prevent the developement of commerce and industry, has not advanced one step; on the contrary, new facts seem to prevent a general pacification, and lead many to suppose that calm cannot be re-established with- out some fresh and bloody warfare. This gloomy pros- pect is easily accounted for by the events which bave oc- curred in rapid succession within a few days, When the States of Tuscany, Modona, Parma and Romagna yoted unanimously the creation of a unique regency—the reins of which were to be entrusted to the Prince of Carig- nan, of the royal house of Savoy—every one saw in this resolution a proof that the States of Italy wished to main- tain order; and, ia order to accomplish this, understood the necessity of a central Power, which, by its unity, would be infinitely stronger and better able to make the laws respected, than four provisional governments possi- bly could. People felt certain that a regency, sprung from the manifestation of all the States, speaking and act- ing in the name of all Italy, was sure to acquire an influ. ence calculated to pursue with vigor and success the realization of the wishes of the populations—which is, that they may be allowed to rule themselves, and to live under a free and constitutional government. The proclamation of the regency had, therefore, been seen with pleasure by all the friends of social order. A fresh disappointment has arisen from the refusal of the ‘Prince of Carignan; however, the delegation of the re- gency to Mr. Buoncompagni was accepted without much Tepugnance, because it was argued that the dictatorship of ‘a Prince of the House of Savoy, over the States of Central ‘Italy, was too direct a step towards the annexation of those States to the kingdom of Piedmont. But the regency of Mr. Buoncompagni not having thatcharacter, and present- ing every guarantce of order, the public were painfully surprised to see the French government oppose it strenn- ously. The consequence was, that when the Sardinian Ministry, yielding to the wishes of the Cabinet at Paris, had prevented Mr. Buoncompagni to accept definitively the post which was offered to him, great dissatisfaction was manifested. What was the rogult? First of all, Gene ral Garibaldi resigned his command in chief; but itis whis © pered he was desired to do so by Victor Emanuel, in order that his name, endeared by victory, might not become a watchword to all the malcontents. The retreat of Gari- Daldi is positive, but all the friends of and the de- fendora of the canse of liberty have pi against it, At Bologna a numerous meeting er-+~ thia dis- Leeinmn ty st - mentee sues Were ObLiged WO tev] numuNeutate” recourse to the National Guard to dissipate the meeting. ‘The resolution taken by the government a{ Bo- logna to oppose, even by force of arms, any manfestation likely to endanger the [Italian cai cannot but be approved of, though at the same time it i impossible to deny there exist serious subjects of dissen- sion among the defenders of that cause. Is it to be sup posed, now that Garibaldi returns into private life, that his sword, which so often fought for freedom, will lose ai! its former splendor? Be certain that if the wishes of the Malian nations are disregarded by the great Powers» Europe, the bold General will soon resume his active lit. ‘Must I once again speak"of the Congress, which, though decided in principle, does uot appear likely to meet for some time yet? Two alternatives alone are possible. AN ‘the wishes manifested by the States of Central Italy will be allowed, and then peace, order and prosperity will revive in the Southern States and in all Furope. On the other hand, if the wishes of Italy be denied, it is diffi- cult to say what will be the consequences. According to the last account brought by the Paris pa- pors, the French government ceases to oppose the re- gency of M. Buoncompagni. This resolution shows that the apprehensions entertained for the preservation of tranquillity in Italy were sufficiently grounded, since they have been able to influence the policy of the [mperial government. It is interesting to follow the polemic of the English pa- pers a8 regards Frauce and the relations which subsist tween that country and Great Britain. Supposing the English press to represont faithfully the ideas of public opinion, the Anglo-French alliance must be considered of | slight tnportance, and seems to lessen day by day. As to the occult cause of this, all the facts and opinions 1 have been able to collect confirm what I stated in my last letter, namely—their rivalry. The dominion of the seas is so fine a thing that it 1s casily understood Great Britain é jealous to preserve it. Allow me to leave the fleld_ of potitios to explore the Jand feounded by industry. The labors of our Legislative Chambers have been inaugurated by an industrial ques- | tion or high importance—a reduction on canal dues. I will not expatiate on this matter, which can have no inte- test out of Belgium; I merely wish to exhibit some of my own notions respecting the interference of the State in matters relating to private industry. In railway con- cerns, for instance, most of our lines were established, and are still worked, by the State. The incouveuiences of this intervention of the government in an enterprise urely commercial are obvious. In the first instance, for e construction of our railways, which have. cost some- thing hke two hundred millions of franca (forty million dollars), the Belgian government was obliged to issue a Joan, and to increase pretty considerably the public debt. Every year the exchequer must raise sums to pay the in- terest; this, of course, weighs upon the inhabitants. The second evil is not less evident—namely, the augmentation in the number of State officials. “This vice, in Europe, has penetrated everywhere, and the mischief is so great that a word has been created for it, both in England and In France. What the English call red tape goes by the ame of Uureaucratiein French. The State oilicial is a curious genus to examine. The born slave of routine, he obstinately refuses, without examination, every new and bold idea, and sticks to his old customs. As he expects promotion and an increase of salary but after long Bervico, declines troubling his mind about any improvements in his department. Indeed, the regularity of his life, the Samoness of his occupation, the certainty that at the end of hisgarcer the State will provide for him a small pen- sion, pe all that vital energy which a struggle with the world Kecps up in every man who is obliged to find in bis own imagination the means of providing for his futare. While the latter rises and improves, the former declines nd turas into a mero writing machine. I 40 not. think my colors too vivid in the portrait I have given of State iciaig; but Lmust not be understood to deny the oxist- ence of intelligent minds in those administrations—on! their action is thwarted; therefore do we see that rail- ways, which in the United States and in Knglaud have 0 much benefitted the public, becanse they are worked yy companies, have still preserved their high tarifls, and do but one-half the work which was ex; from them. A third grievance which arises from the working of rail- ways by the government is tho rivalry existing between the administration of these railways and the companica managing railroads constructed by private speculation. There is one more prospect—that of equity. IC merchant ora private man has to complain of a railway he must apply to the government, which then becomes a judge in its own concerns. Without the least disparagement’ to the integrity and impartiality of the State officials, it must be acknowledged that their position is then rather Perplexing and perilous. |All these motives combined, one to hope and wish the abolition of State inter- ference in commercial undertakings. This opinion daily gains ground in Kurope, and will soon have conquered every mind to ite side. At the time of the Universal Exhibition of Paris, in 1855, everybody wns struck with the inconveniences arising from the incoherent indications of — mea- sures and moneys. The members ot the Central Jury and the Commissioners of the various governments met at that time and formed an association called, “An Inter national Association for the Introduction of a Uniform Decimal System of Weights, Measures and Coinage,”” ‘This association, to which, be it sald to their glory, the United States of America largely contributed, has since held several meetings; the last took place at Bradford, on the 10th of October ultimo. Its principles sottled, and cousist iu adopting the French mo sys tem for weights and measures.. The only points on which they were not upanimons was the coinage and the nomen- Whatever be the obstacles this grand idea of the uni- formity of systems may have to overcome, I trust it will ultimately be adopted. This confidence docs not rest solely upon the exc y of the decimal metrical system; it is grounded in the imperious necessity which all ations Ceol in drawing closer togetlucr, in the pear Cassel, and th ‘through his agent, a ‘the founder of the gr» |." of thit onme—that in course of time be o 6% (he post wealthy princes in Europe. 4) , taepoor Hessians ‘Served hot only toenr., 1, but to cement the fortunes of thogres! 0... destined torule supreme iver more mar’ the earth. By the victories ¢ Na cngrave, or thé lector as he was now ei... (Wd Crom iis do- minions and obligd toi). eiug , where he rueticated till the all of O° © we{' when he re- turned to his capial and ¢ 4)!» .ijg again im the old fashion, Havng done » am the ‘constt- tution of the cougsy whiels «)\0r| 8 Uonal form of groaned. The French Joy Tevolutian br, state of things. revoludqe oor all Germany, and evertti ©... e&cape the infettion. Dist 0k and several other places, whth s« that he granted everything hat soon after abdicated im favor € bi tor, Frederick Williaro. gel mulguted in comequence of ty 188}, was of a most liberal cha consisted of ouly one Chamber) sidered tbat, so small a covy materials for two parliamentay sorslip of the press was abd proclai , the finances subiit. the Legislature, and the arg} oath of fidelity to the cons i went on tolerably well, but as ©» gained ground, the new Electerram: and proved himself, if possible, a wor bis two predecessors. He did pe © ' charter that had been conferredibw to by Himself, Peet y6 onc» pag, the views, w! t the limits impo- m Taxes were 7 ts popular party uity raat shackled, the country suet circumstances ea torted more, suiferd their old opi -¢° 4 throne. The constitution of '81 was = ty; a liber f rbd acted. which he po pular voice, and the Electorate bd EA Ee . ‘Hungarian insurrection, in Germany, reatored the Diet moned the members of the new ghia t . ir, who wished . consent: cabitel the whole country declared in a sat «i diers, who had taken the oath upes |): bs . fused to assist in overturning | OM lbh ti tor and his minions fled from te §) fe oe- and called upon Austria t0 iii 1) FlunOvery ry subjects to obedience. Ay © and Bavarians entered Hesse fro, | % 00 same time a Prussian corps advanov. fy éefend the Hessian tution, wlite. ‘ha teed by Prasela, and to repel the whose legal existence she had ova: moment a hostile collision appr 1 armies met at the village of Bur already exchanged, when gudd i: seen in full retreat. A minister. Berlin, and the reips of goyerny on! © 4 urred at Baron Manteuffel, who hastene’ i: Sco" whened ind Austria, acknowledging the Dict yeace Hessians to their tate. Heary » Aoning the now fell upon the unbappy elee aegis Bavarians ooonpied Cassel, the 0 98 dag sme were enforced by military ex%/0' ov sho Hector was disbanded, the National ( olan army tmuzaled, the ordinary courte « martial, and terror reigned #v. ‘The members of the Legis). upheld the cause of law and ot imprisoned, and finally the ¢! ‘and its place supplied by chief and only object wa" on, the greatest possi’ subjects. The f ing the cows: y * rights trarijied ander foot, an toe aud “humanity outrage the silence of te churebyey has reigned in Hesse. Numbers ‘emigrated, some to other German Auantic, and the remainder subpy! p:- lot, looking forward, no doabt, to iby ‘shall be avenged upon their tyran © heart of hearts not to let them off former occasions. bee, ‘anderstand it in order to apprecis Of the dominant States of Germr: Hessians, whom she had sworn: put the seal to her humiljgtion, an Supremacy in the German farsi ‘verting to the policy that was abo she may yet hope to retrieve the tal mistake, and to in her lost © Sent Hessian government is 80 odiot even the packed Chambers have sti ‘ tion, and a motion brought forward 1 to petition the Elector for the establt ns | tution of 1831, was actually passed |) 4 5. ‘The Elector retused to reosive the pet. ened to dissolve the Chamber; but the lar by this threat, proceeded forthwith to ition, reiterating their request and appea. diction of the Federal Diet. This has atlor welcome 6, nity to take the affair i) submit a dectaration to the Dict, sta’ ‘Hessian constitution, not having been’ lega!! must still be considered in force, aut the : should therefore be summoned’ to reintro: such modifications as may be enactsd by m ment between the Prince and his subjects, com! vy to the institutions of the Federal Uhion. aot Pruasia ts supported by Oldenburgh, the Saxon i and the Free Hanseatic cities. At sny other thm Hon would have been rejected with isd: i ich insisted 80 zealonsty in upactting + cratic constitution of '31 would ertalnly not think ‘Operating in its reetoration; hut at the prosent mo Austria, who used to have the leading voice in that assoc bly, is too much crippled Wy the disaswre of her tax Ttalian campaign,’ by her Gnanctal diffloulties, and by the various complications, internaland external, in Which she is involved, to override the pofpases.o! Prussia in ber former highhanded manner; and tosteld of offer- ing the uncompromising opposition expetted o| her, sho has been content to bave the question reffrred © a special committee of ihe Diet, where it is to bemikon Ato further consideration. ‘The decieion will now dependaimost en trely upon the conduct of Prussia. If shdacts with energy—sipported as she ie by the public option of the whole German natiou—the Hessian people ngst and will be released from the Egyptian bondage in vipa they are held, and the revival of thete constitution Pharter wilt * be the funeral Knell of the oppressors, an/pitan end to the pernicious itluence that Austria tas sfdug exeroised over Germany. If,on the over hand, Passi hesitates, temporises, or hangs back, the question yl be consigned to oblivion in the chancellizre of the Dieyte bopes of tha