The New York Herald Newspaper, November 22, 1859, Page 3

mas erie, ieee roe wewee ani J ‘ when You ef the? Is pet Mexiov a fine cowtry 0. Reyerie wore eurrens hero thes Marques had propouneed tener of Beata hen Poors, ig x0 founda. how for such arnmor, another report gives as to under- shud bas thy clergy rw working to brig Maxques to the Presideney. preserve ws ‘amoy eit on the marniug of we ath for Guad Be lett bere at ope v’elock in the stage coach, with three ardeo-de camp. ‘This is a wold mave on tho part of Mira- wen, and its object, atill enkoown, i6 either extremely ‘mode or qui We reverse. He eleber joes to to prevail upon Marquez to deliver up the coudueta, or for the pry ove of divirdng the spoils with the robber. It ts whnepered that a large part of tho conduct belonged te Miramon, who way auempting to get bis gains out of the cuuntry under the pame of Jasto. At all events, Miramon runs great risk. Hix road passes by Guanajuato and Queretaro, both of which paces bave fallen suto the hands ¢i tbo hiberals, If be taille in with any of these last, thoy ‘will epeadily revenge on his person the assassination of ‘Taoubaya. the other hand, Marquez is not a very easy cuswmer to deal with, and woul) not think mucb of ting Miramon out of his way, if such an act could serve pose. ‘There is possibility that Marquez "may soon come to Mexico. If Buch an event takes place, woe to the foreign- ere residing in this city. Marques will butcher them most anmorcilulty. There wil} be but one of two things to be Scpbas!abentonteg ee wocses and’ properts be age, ry ww an or make a stand, and, arming themselves, ies? saswin from entering the at My belie! reigners bere, principally the ch and English, will re- to the last alternative. They have not yet mixed in = A nae AA the Crny sde-cause, bad as aan, wre Was Apo @ government and a oO the republic. But it Marguen fam his rabble the place there will not be the smallest excuse for their, re- Matning wactive. Marques is an outlaw, a pened On ie men that bave apy bing to lose’ must foar in eseap a on board the Tyo San Blas, laden with good for the bonse of Haron, Forbea & Oxy a: Topo. ‘The thyst immediately demanded them, aad on Coronada’s ‘They Were seized by Corovada. fural to deliver them sent his boats to cut them out. citadel fired on the boats. The amethyst then Mexicans a fair broadside, knocked them ovor like terra- Dive ob the beach; after whieh the two merchantmen were ‘Bhe news of the specie seizure has caused a tremendous, exeiement 6, eBpecially amoug the leading merchants and bankers, to whom the money principally, belongs. It bas finally broken up the famous $15,000,000 from Jecher & Co., of which you have beard 80 inch, and which #as in part about being contracted. Miramon took only an escort of titty men with him. His friends segs to entertain fears for him; but it’s all a toys- tery. No ove knows anything positively here, till be Pees, Foreigners are bitterly Jenounced in the dally papers of the city, and some think it is nigh time to begin vo act on ane defensive. Tt is rumored and believed here that Marquez has aiseady, or will very soon prononnee for himself, with @ elcar grit clergy platform, The clergy will stand by dim to the Inst. Already thoy rpeak of higa as their only pe. Foreigners are justly alarmed at the prospect of Mar- quez coming to power. He will unquestionably hang a ES Of Us, unleas wo take arms and bold ont against #m and his soldiers, until relief ean come from abroad. The British Minister bis demanded the desttution of Marquez for shooting Chase, and will unquestionably move from here at once, shovid Marquez be declared President. A difficulty has taken place at San Blas. Tho British eruiser Amethyst cut out two English ships illegally seized at that port, ani in doing so was forced w fire upon the town. ‘The escape of the British Consul at Tepic is confirmed. ‘Vhe other Consuls@@re still in prison. Mr. Mathews has sept his secretary to Juarez to demaad imiediate repar- wien for these outrages. ° ‘The Oonstitutionaliste have taken Guanajnato and are aqain moving towards the capital. The moment is oppor- ‘twne, and if they act yromptiy the war may be ended in # week; bot T have ne &epes. The clergy report tp success of their soldiers over those ef Gaxaca, but greet @ubts are entertained. ‘The government here remains in the bands of the Cabi- net Couneil—Munoz, Ledo and Corona, ‘The Cuernavaca useassipations are to be made the sodject of a strong representation by next mail. They ‘were certainly of the most atrucious character. ‘The country ia in a ndition that surpasses description, Robberies and assassinations are the topics ef our conver- Bastion. ‘The weather has been uncommonly cold for the past ten days, and the lower classes are in great suffering. Theatrical Difficulties—Our American Cousin again in Court—Eminent Artists on the Stand. MARINE COURT. Before Hon, Judge MeCarthy. Nov, 21.—dward A. Sothern vs. Laura Keene.—The plaintiff in this case is an antor, who performed the ec- eentric part of Lord Dundreary in the play of “‘ Qur Aime- yicap Oousin,”” and the defendant the well known and accomplished artist and leasee of the theatre which bears her name. The plaintiff claims $500 for five weeks’ sala- ry, and alleges thaton the 22d Sept., 1859, he and the defendant entered into an agreement in writing, of which the following is a copy:— ‘MEMOKANDUM OF EXGAGEMERT BETWEEN LAURA KERNE AND Miss Ki i POPES 2. hand ‘Duwdboary in en; ir. adhoary nr Amerioan Cousin, by tbe week. at s salary of $65, wi the 29th of October’ nevt, or when merican have a beneiit by the 29th of Uetober, fc of the theatre. fone half, atter $900 sirat taken for expenses of the theatze for Laura Keene. Plaintiff farther alleges that he was ready and willing to perform the Ciao and had actual'y rehearsed the part te be played by him ‘in “Our American Cousin” at ‘the request of Mice Keene, and that the defendant has. refused to permit him to perform the part. ‘The defendant admits agreement, but denies any in- debtedness to the plaintiff, as his engagemont was not commenced as ‘‘Our American Cousin’? was not repro- duced. The defendant also claims that Mr. Sothern is in- debted to her in the gam of $350, for one wock’s rent of her theatre while she was absent at Philadelphia. John 8. Lutz, the agent of Miss Keene, the defendant, testified that he made the agreement, and after it was made jt was talked over betwoen bim’and plaintiff, and Gistinetly understood that the memoranda was only to express the terms and amount of payment, that he in- net plaintiff, who congented to the same; and, as to 2 counter claim, that plaintiff frequently called on him tw hire the house; that he agreed to let him have it when Mra. Bowers, then in porsession,{wouid give it; that piaintil took it at $325 per week, and, after using it three days or nights, surrendered it. Lanra Keene deposed—I am the defendant in this suit, und lessee of Laura Keene’s theatre; I know Mr. Sothern; 1 was present at the time of the signing of this agreement 3 after it was signed Mr. Sothern and mysolf walked imme- @iately from the box office to the stage; we had a con- versation; there were one or two things said about his Denellt, which he wished to have inserted in the contract, bat I understood them to be as matter of honor; I then agreed upon his salary, and as to his benefit if the piece ad a good run; I deemed Mr. Stevens unequal to the character of Asa Tronchard, and had a conversation with Vir. Sothern about him; we both said be was not equal to the part; on the second rehoarsal Mr. Sothern did not acquit himself much better. Mr. Sothern suggested the names of one or two other persons; the pleco had had a very successful ruu before, ‘when tbe part of Asa Trenchard was admirably played; Mr. Sothern said that he thought the part of Asa Tren chard was not so difficult ag his own Card Dundtoary). Mtr. Sothern called at my house several times afterwards to suggest some mode of doing the piece. Mr. Sothorn said it wag very hard on him that the piecs ‘could not be ot up, a8 he wanted to take his farowell benefit of the New York audience in the character of Lord Dundreary. Cross examined.—I did not understand that there was avy new agreement made between Mr. Sothern and my- self when walking from the box office to the stage. The Gifficulty in Mr. Stevens’ acting was, that he had not the Yankee manner and accent, which I considered essen- Mi a Counsel.—I should think fo. Miss Keene (continued) he rebearsed it as a Yorkshire man, and that I did not think would be acceptable to Americans. Counsel.—Clearly not; particularly to Vermonters. Glanghter.) Joseph Jefferson (the real American cousin) was called for the plaintiff, deposed that he appeared in the part of Asa Trenchard last season at Laura Keen’s, and that piaintif® performed Lord Dundreary; 1 am now engaged at Winter Garden; witness testified that it is not the cus- tom to pay actors until the season commences; he re- hearsod for a week at the Winter Gardon, and was not paid for that week; thinks that FE. L. Davenport could porform Aga Trenchard; the piece was attractive in Phila- delphia and other places, though witness did not appear ip it, but he thinks its success in New York gave it a cer- tainty of succees in other cities. Mrs. Stoepel (Matilda Heron) also doposed that the pay of artists commences from the night the season begins; sbe should expect to be paid from the time the engaze- ment was je, but then she would certainly have it stated in the agreement. Sho did not know whother Mrs. Bowers or Mr. Sothern was the leesee of the theatre at ‘the time Miss Keene was in Philadelphia, ‘Adjourned to Tuesday morning, at half-past ten o'clock. Gourt of General Sessions. Before Hon. Judge Russell. Nov. 21.—The trial of Horace Cooley, charged with feloniously receiving portions of sewing machines patented by the Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Company, which ‘was commenced on Friday, and continued on Savurday, was resamed this morning. The case is of such a char acter that it is necessary to take cumulative evidence, and although the City Judge sat to a late hour eack day, and prevented as much as possible any waste of time by counsel, the trial was not finished last evening. ‘A large number of prisoners who are awaiting tria were brought up this morning, but soon after the oponing ‘of the Court the Judge was compelled to send them back, and discharge the jury. ‘The Grand Jury presented a batch of indictments in ‘afternoon, to which the prisoners, on being arraigned, the pleaded not guilty. ‘Murphy, who pleaded guilty last week to an Lenin mand’ larceny ‘was sent to the penitentiary for si monte. ing stolen goods, was sentenced 10 two jn pct iiaprisonment in the Site preon. Willams Wok ‘and Jobn Maloney, youths, indicted for burglary in the third degree, plead jity to the fourth grade of that offence, and were sent to the penitentiary for nine months. A Bap Pracnor—A lad iy Jately from cancer in the mouth, Dar veeth with a brass pin. in Harrisburg, Pa., died Drought on by picking British Fi THE MAISS OP THE CANADA ARD KAXORL: Journey of the American Em- bassy to Pekin, China. Graphic Description of the Scemes By the Way. Chinese Carriages, Roads, Canals, Canal- Trackers, Junks, Crops, Uattle, Cookery and Kitchen Ranges. Diplomatic Ceremonies and Official Dignity on Both Sides. THE ITALIAN IMBROGLIO. THE HISPANO-MOORISH WAR, sling on the Harper's Ferry Outbreak. Our Pekin, Shanghae, London and Correspondence, ’ &o, 0. &e., ‘The Cunard steamship Canada, from Liverpool via Halifax, arrived at Boston at balf-past six this morning. Her mails were forwarded in the morning train, and reached this city about six o’clock Inst evening. ‘The Hamburg screw steamship Saxonia, Captain Ehlers, whieb left Southampion on the 5th inst. , reached this port yesterday evening. Our files by the Canada and Saxonia are dated in Paris op the 4th and London on the Bth instant. ‘The telegraph summary from Sackville, N. B., which appeared in the Hxraip yesterday morning, presented the main features of the news. Our special letters and the newspaper extracts given to- day contain some highly interesting details descriptive ef Mr. Ward’s visit to Pekin, China; the Italian embrogtio and Garibaldi’s move towards a new revolution; the latest reform promises of Pius the Ninth; the preparations for war between Spain and Morocco, with important State papers from both Powers, and the etate of feeling existing in England with respect to the Harper’s Forry outbreak. The Paris correspondent of the London 7imes says:— It is said that the interview between the King of Sardinia and General Garibaldi, which various telegraphic deepatch- es announced, was not of the most sstisfactory character. According to this account, Garibaldi frankly deelared to the King that Italy was betrayed, and that he should put himself ai the head of revolution, and Victor Emanuel re plied that be boped he would not commit such an absar- dity, but that if he did so, there was no alternative but to employ force to prevent it. ‘Tho Vienna correspondent of the London Times says it is tolerably certain that the moment in which the Aus. trian government will have to make concessions to Hun- gary is not far distant. At the reopening of the Opera in Venice, November 2, a noisy demonstration took place. > Brigandage continues in the Venetian provinces. Several persons have been arrested ip Verona by Hun- garian soldiers for distributing revolutionary prints, The elections of members of Municipalities at Florence and other places have terminated without any result, al- ‘most all the electors having abstained from voting. ‘The National Assembly has been convoked for the 7th of November. Omar Pacha, who was lately superseded in the govern- ment of Bagiad, is not to return to Constantinople, another place being fixed for his abode. Late dates from the coast of Africa state that the American ship Memphis, with seven hundred slaves, bad escaped all the cruisers, and put to sea. Twenty-six vessels were expected on the coast for cargos of slaves for the United States. The London Shipping. Gaselte of the 4th inst. remarks ‘on the Morocco question:— 2 Notwithstanding an apparent proof of the interest taken by the British government in the defences of Morocco, we do not believe for one moment that the very strong fleet which we have just now at Gibraltar is des- tined, directly or indirectly, to take part in any events which may arise. unu presence of a French equadron off Algesiras of five line of battle ships and a frigate, and of a Spanish squadron of six or seven sail, supplies a sufficient explanation of the reinforcement our fleet in the Straits, without presuming that it is in- tended to participate in the threatened Advices from Algiers to the Ist state that the Beni Snas- sen, terrfied, had submitted to the French, wecepting con- ditions of peace of a most severe character. The French expedition is pursuing the other tribes. ‘A Paris letter of the 3d inst., says:— Adviceo from Lyons of the 1st inst. announce that the Jate rains have caused a new rising of the waters of the Rbone and Saone. The Rhone overflowed its banks at the Quay Combalot. ‘Tho Saone rose go high at the bridge of Nemours that it carried away all the timber and tools from a shipwright’s yard. A terrific hurricane was ex- poerienced at Besancon on Monday last. It lasted from oleven in the evening to six inths morning. The violence of the wind was such that the furniture in the houses was torsed about. ° The violent gale of wind which bas prevailed in Paris during the last three or four days has caused accidents of different kinds. Trees have been torn up by the roots on the outer Boulevards, in the Champs Elysées, and Jardin des Plantes, Chimneys have als> been blown down, by which several persons were more or lees wounded. The London News of the 6th instant remarks:— The imports of Mexico present usually the value of 15,000,000 dollars annually, while the exports are formed chiefly of the gold and silver, either realized from mines in the country, or sent in transit through it. Snch is, in few words, the commercial position of Mexico. Agricul- ture, meanwhilo, is £0 neglected that three-fourths of the soil lies without cultivation, as much from a want of men as money. ‘This points to the truth that under a firm and free government Mexico might be colonized with great advantage; and {ts resources would probably then bear the gradual influx of another eight millions. A Vienna letter says:— The affair of the issue of bonds to the amount of 111,000,000 florins (276,000,000f.) above the 500,000,000 florins of the national loan of 1 n issue which was not illegal but long kept secret—continues to cause a pre- found sensation here; and, in the hope of calming it, the government bas nominated @ special eommission, cousist- ing of a certain number of capitalists and bankers, to in- stitute a searching examination respecting all the debts of the State. This commission has already held several sit- tings at the Ministry of Finance, and the result of its in- ‘vestigation is waited for with much interest. A letter from Pesth in the Presse of Vienna, says: ‘Tho national tendencies of the Magyars are more strong- ly manifested every day. Some time back a number of students of this city petitioned that the Hungarian lan- guage should alone be used in teaching in the University of Pesth. Several scandalous acenes have just taken place in the lecture rooms of the university—the professors who give their lessons in German having been hooted and obliged to retire. A Turin lotter of the 29th ult. says:— Tho last steamer from Naples bri tho. intelligence that the insurrection in Sicily is not Notmianidd’ wiidavee may have been said to the contrary. The brothers Mas- tricchi, who are well known patriots, are keeping their armed forces in the mountains, and everything indicates an ingurrection in the south of the island. Several of the energetic men who took part in Baron Bentivagna’s move- ment in 1856, and who fied to Malta and returned, were taking part in the insurrection. The Piedmontese fever in Rome was succeeded by onc of @ very different kind, which even provoked precan tionary measures in the government. Some mysterious hand had traced on every available wall throughout the city the threo numbers, 15, 26, 60, which the amateurs o the lottery, taking for an infallitle terno, resolved to back for the Saturday’s customary drawing. So numerous were the applications for this particular combination that the government, either fare ot its having some politica! meaning, or anxious not 80 groat @ loss in case the numbers should come up, gave orders for them to be re- fused to all comers, and the money to be returned to those who alrcady staked it. The lottery was drawn, however, without one of the expected numbers making its appear- ance. ‘Tho Odeasa Journal gives a long sccount of the rejoic- ings at Odessa on the occasion of the Emporor of Russia’s recent visit to that city, His Majesty reached the city about two in the morning, and, notwithstanding the hour, ‘was welcomed by an immense crowd of all classes of the population. At ten the same morning his Majesty reocived the representatives of the nobility, with the military and civil authorities, In reply to the marshals of the nobility of the governments fe alga iecmiemy | seid") bank you, gentlomen, foryour compliebment of our commen work the ab: Nt) n of serf- dom), and I hope with the divine ald to attain theo dqsirad ond.” ‘The Vicoroy of Rgypt bad lately a narrow escape while 0ing by railroad fram Cairo to Sues, the train in whted he was travelling coming into eolliaion ith that coming !n the opposite direction. The Viceroy was highly inéiynant: ‘at the accident, and ordered that the railroad efficials be severely puntebed for their carelessness. VERY INTERESTING FROM CHINA. Ren from the Pei-tang to Pokin—Sketeh- es of the Mandarius who Accompanied Mr. Ward—Travel in Carriages aad by Canal—Rural sights and Scenes—Im- moense Population and Agrie Plenty—Junks and Canali Trackers— OMetal Dishonesty—Arrtval in Pekin and Diplomatic Chicanery—The Lega- tiom Civil Prisoners—Return to Shang- hae, dée., dic. OUR PEKIN CORRESPONDENCE. Prin, August 10, 1869. First Letter from the Ohinese Oapttal—Americans tn th City, but in Con finement—How the Chinese Managed an Oficial Iinprisowment—How Foreign Ministers Should be Protected—Journey from the Pei tang—Sketches of the Grand Masdarins in attendance on Mr. Ward—Pexps et Huag and Chang Ping-Toh—A Run in the River Junks— Antiquity of Kitchen Ranges—Want of a Patent Office—Spring Chickens and Good Ooal—Fine Site for a Railroad—Rural Scenes and Land Coming (0 the Peiho River with Aching Bones—The Sand: Trackers of Ohina—An Appeal for Potatoes from the Honorable Ewvoy—Depth of Water in the Biver—Ne. tive Barriers Against Invasion—A Hint to Eaglind's Commanders—Mow to Out Off Supplies—Sinuosities of the Water When Going North—The Oity of Yany Tsun and Its People—An Immense Orowd Greets the Foreigners—A Phousand Junks in Sight, and AQ Crowded—Going Ashore—Chat With a Furmer—Rate of Zand Rents’ and Toxes—Pastoral Life and Fine Cat We—Arrival at Ho-Si-Woo—A Real Democracy—Chain Gables in Ure for Shipping—Going on a Great rani’ Road—A Provincial Population of Forty Millom—Camels, ules and Donkeys— Entrance Into Pekin—No Free Pro- menadiniy Accorded—Very Policy of the High Officere— Wish to Have Kt Performed—the Emp” vor Takes the President’s Letter—A Drive in the City Under Dificulties, de , dc ‘This being one of the first letters ever written to a newspaper from this place, I wish you to follow the example of Capt. Cuttlo—of Dombey & Son memory—and “make a note of it.”” In my last 1 informed you that the American Embassy, under the Hon. John E. Ward, was about leaving the United States steamship Powhatan for Pekin, and now Itake pleasure in reversing it by saying that we are about leaving Pekin for the Powhatan. You not be surprieed to learn, from the foregoing that we are elated at the prospect of leaving this great capital (?), for, to tell you the truth, we can scarcely say that we are here at all. We certainly arrived here on the 21h ult., but we have as certainly been confined to our quarters ever since. Not that they nave dared to say “you cannot leave your quarters,” for Mr. Ward settled that point at the very first interview; but they said— «We request that you will keep your house antil after the treaties are exchanged, when we will furnish horses and guides and show you everything that is to be seen.” And knowing that a proper regard for our own dignity would induce us to comply with this request, they have ‘been perfectly at their ease upon the subject. ‘Thus we are being treated much more like suspicious cbaracters than like the American Minister and his suite. We are, in short, likely to leave Pekin without having either seen or done any great things, and hence our elation at the prospect of = speedy release from our self-imposed prison. The nature of this treatment to which we have been subjected as ‘‘ honored friends”’ will be—and very properly so—asource of congratulation to the English press. It has now been demonstrated beyond adoubt that any foreign Minister visiting Pekin with a particular end in view should be accompanied by a large force to protect himself from threats, insults, loss of time and every species of humbuggery. Hence Mr. Bruce was right in refusing to go without'e force. At our very first interview with them we were grossly insulted., Witness the following remark of the Shanghae Judge to the inter- preter as it was breaking up :-— «T wish you to understand plainly that Iknow perfectly well when youare lying and when you are telling the truth.” Of course Mr. Ward was preparing to notice this as it deserved; but before he could act the Judge arrived with an apology. ‘Things were not conducted unpleasantly during our journey hither—everything was composed of smiles ani bows. On the morning of the 20th ult. we landed at Pei-tang according to invitation, and there found everything ready for our transportation to this place. With unusual conde- scengion the Emperor had detailed the two highest offlocrs to escort us that had ever been assigned to such service; and their attentions would have rendered the trip per- fectly delightful had it not been that the covered carts furnished us were entirely without springs, and the roads unusually bad. This was not the fault of our escort— Messrs. Trung and Chang—hewever, but ‘of what the Spaniard calls el cosumbre del pais, and as such had to be borne patiently. Mesers. Hung and Chang, being the highest Mandarins eyer deputed to escort an Embassy, deserve a few limes:—The former is not a Chinese but a Mantchoo, holds the post of “Salt Commissioner,’ and is, consequently, a man of great and growing weaith. He it is who last year presented one hundred picces of ordpance and ten thousand taels of silver to the Emperor toward the completion of the defences at the mouth of the Peiho, and “ his Majesty was pleased” to accept the loyal service, and will probably reward bim accordingly. The office of Salt Commissioner is a most desirable one. from the fact that it places even an\honest man—were such a thing to be found in China—in the position to make ‘a large fortune with ease and in avery short time. Ali the salt consumed in the empire is manufactured, trans ported and sold by these ‘‘Salt Commissioners,’’ of whom there are only about a dozen. Of course their duties are nominal, as was demonstrated in the case of Master Tsung, who@transported us from Pei-tang to Pokin, instead of transporting cargoes of galt from Pekin to Pei-tang. ‘The trouble of looking out for “the Salt Commissions,” as they are called through various channols, seems to limit the labors of those fayorites of royalty. When I add to the foregoing the fact of Master ‘Tsung being “a literary Mandarin,” and that he wears a blue ball in the top of his hat, (this indicating him to be a Man- darin of the third clase,) I have done with him, and turn to Master Chang-Ping Toh, a brevet gonoral in the Chi- nese army, the wearer of a pink opaque ball, and 2 Man- darin of the second class. ‘Though wearing a higher ball than Master Tsung, Chang always yields the prese- dence to him, as he is a litorary offlcer, while he himself is’ of the military. “Chang,” when translated into a decent language, reads, “ The Shaker of tho Bell,” and it seemed to be the general impression that his brains were jus: about equal to engaging successfully in an om ployment of that nature. In the suite of these two ofli- cals, who were termed our ‘escort,’ were some thirty or forty inferior Mandarins and servants, besides any number of baggage coolies, &c. From the fact of my having mentioned carts andy bad roads, it must not be imagined that we came all the way from Pei tang to Pekin by land. On the contrary we had five very pleasant days of river travel on the Peiho, in junks, after riding forty-five miles over a very muddy plain. and then, after leaving the junks, fourteen more miles, in carts, to this place. Decidedly the worst fourteen miles of road ever passed over by a vehicle, but still “only fourteen miles to the end of our journey” was the ory, and at {t we wont like good fellows. ‘While passing over the forty-flve mios previously spoken of, we saw something of Chinese country life, and their cultivation of the soil. At the place whoro wo stopped to dine the first day, wo found a kitchen provided with as useful a cooking range as can be found in New York, and I suppose that ifone had come to Pekin two thousand years ago he would have seen a similar range. ‘What a pity that there is no Patent Office in China! How old ‘many of our home patents might prove to be! ‘This range was built of blue brick, was hoated bya central furnace, had two ovens, the sams number of boilers, and very convenient arragemont for the bi of spring chickens. Woe had both fried and broiled chickens for dinner that day, by the way. Bat what surprised us most was to seo the socks baraieg & medium quality of « bituminous coal, which seemed quite abundant, and of which we havo sinco seen several varieties; none of which, however, would be called “good coal”? in the United States. Still It serves tho pur- pore of the Northern Chinese, who have little or no wood to sorve them through their cold winters. We find that it is used entirely in aud about Pokin, for cooking food and warming houses. HERALD TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1859.—TRIPLE SHEET. i | H | i "i z H t z é i i i EE ii Fi ? i i : : g H i 5 i 4 i i i f E f i i & 3 if i j l i a i 3 i i U #4 i i i i 8 F i 3 i 5 i E i it ig Pr . L 1H HP Be sqgies fident. arrived second day, we divided our party of thirty as evenly as it the Potbo river, toward the close of the possible among four junks, and began to recover from the effects of the past ten hoars joltiog. Such a jolting as that was! Seriously and without joking, it was ao insal: to the American people to force their Mmister to risk bis junk all the way from the ships to within twelve miles o- the city. Not one of our party bnt now a> know! “the is the only road» Peking, and the Engl were perfectly right in refusing o gu by aay other. We ded ith us, bat se par yaar hie tat Saat, ong: Vet touch os ‘morning at daylight we were away for Toong- chap, dragged against a two knot current by @ dozen or ‘more stalworth “trackers.” I have seen some of the most gs and finely formed men ‘the last two weeks that any country can Sas the meabnes gmernly are remarkable for great developement of mi and com- stature. It has been remarked by others, this physical riority of the northern over the south. oa inese. "The latter, however, are exid to be the greatest Hars, and superior in cunning. Our “jank life” during the five days was anything but unpleasant. Woe had our own cooks and mess boys, our own bed and table furniture, and our own gegars and emall stores; also two trunks each and a very fair supply of books, per andink and paper. As for our daily rations of provisions, the Chinese kept us supplied with whatever we asked for, free of all cost. Of course shall insist, however, v] paying for everything as Hoon a the exchanged teas Hes hall give us the right to 80. ‘While enjoying our first dinner on board of “Junk No. 2,” the head of our table received a most affecting note from “the head of the table” on board of “Junk No. 1,” where the Minister was— “We arc eight at table,” read this hoart-rending epiatle, “and have but six ‘potatoes; please send us some the bearer.” “‘Humph!”” «d the head of No. 2, ‘‘wo are nine, and bave no atall. A modest request, truly.” OS, spetiry = on we landed for a walk along the banks, and found an opportunity for “comparing note ,”” it turned out that the distressed consumer of potatoes had not asked for that vegetable, but that being very bungry, and at the same the writer of a most unint le running hand, he had so lengthened out the word ‘‘plates”: as to make itread ‘“ .”? Doubtless the boatmen along and his ‘water must have been unusually low at the time; for our present party struck the same river ten miles higher up, and it distance of one hundred and thirty miles aed a ‘® million, carrying from ten it very winding, hr the pare Juoks via Tien tain, the grand tinued into the Petho, being. the only route from tho gouth to the north. Now, were twenty thousand English troops. thrown into. Tien-tsin, thus arresting this constant supply Gr it requires almost constaut trans- portation. to supply the demand), those forty million of now quiet and trenfbling subjects would in a few weeks be converted by famine into eo many ravenous wolves, who would hurl the Emperor from his thapne or force him to grant the English demande, in order that thoy might be rescued from starvation. This is the true way to attack the Emperor, and, us the iden is self evident, it has doubt- fess ere this presented itself to the miad of the English Admiral, At the commencement of our river navigation 1 atteay ed to count the towas and villages to put down the course of the rive ; but there were so many of the latter, aud so retrograding was ther nature, that J soon found myself counting the same villages twice and even thrice. The Manda- rin, too, seemed to look suspiciously at my small pocket compass and large blank book, and so it was deemed advisable to dosist. Thus much, however, wo saw— that the “reachce’? were about a mile in length, that their general directions were west and northeast, and that we were cousequently being tracked ina north: westerly direction. ‘After proceeding for ten hours, at the rate of about two miles per bour (over the ground), we arrived at a city of 900,000 inbabitante, situated upon both banks ofthe river, and known as Yang-Tsun. ‘Tsun was said to be only keven miles trom our starting point, and yet we lad tracked throe times that distance to get thére. This will give a fair idea of the crooked nature of the stream. An immense crowd of men, women and children lined both banks as we approached this city, aad weleomed us with silent wonder; and not only did they fill the banks ‘between the water aud the houses, which,wore bailt back from it some twenty fect, but they alsocrowded the decks of the thousand junks aud boats which were packed close in with cither bank, Jeaving only a narrow channel be tween T counted more than 600 of these ves=cis as we passed between them, and then looking ahead, estimated that there must have been an equa! number in that direction. For about two and a half miles Pag mrp through ign narrow passage, baviug on eacl us, first, crowded. bowls,” cigwet threo, four snd Ave abrest secondly, the dénsely packed banks; and lastly, the one story mud or brick houses fronting the river. ‘We also saw severnl tasteful brick walls, enclosing gardens, above one of which grew a beautiful tree in full bioom- leaves and bright red flowers. What kind of tree this was, however, we could not learn, Altogether, Yang- ‘Tsun scemed a “number one” Chivese city. Shortly,afler passing it, we follor the example of the Minister, and landed for an eveningWatk along the bank. Walking much faster than the ‘ trackers,” we found abundant time to stop and chat with the husbandmen aud others who always came forward to admire (?) us. ‘With one of these, who a head man among his fellows, the Rev. Mr. Martin had the following conver- eation:-- “Does this land,” pointing to a ficld of millet and boans, “belong to yout”? “No, your Excelleney, I bire it.”’ “Who from, the govornment”” «No, your Exeolency, from a friend of mine, to whom it belongs. I pay him eight dollars a year for each acre.”’ “Who pays the goverumoat taxes upon it?” “The owner; they amount (> six dollars the acre.”” “Then he clears two dollars a year on cash acre that he hirer?” “Yes, your Excellency, and the government clears six, and Tas much as I can make it produce over and above the eight doflars.”” The information contained in the above Mr. Martin thought might be correct, but advised that it might be reccived with caution, as the Chinese were not used to generalizing. “1 have known much higher taxes demanded at Ningpo,” he observed, “and, indeed, if people in were taxed as they are in China generally, there would soon be any number of revo- Tutions.” jutions. ‘Toward the evoning of the next day (the second of our ascent), the banks began to imcrease in height, aud the Be country generally to undergo a change. Here- ithad vel, clevated some four fect geatlo undulations attaining an ele- vation of ten or twelve fect began to be seen. Whon these the river, they terminated in sandy ‘Dfaffs, upon which the country le al climbod to Jook down upan us. ‘The next day it was the samo; but after that the same old ‘dead level’’ was spread be- fore us, and continued up to the very of 4 ‘We could, however, seo of « ro picture 1am bow going to dra but i was eee am was as certainly very pleasant ope for us, so far away from home, to look ‘upon, ‘A beautifully green and undulating river bank, pas- peer parr er of balf grown Fome of the mothurs uf te were op looking raitk town as a farmr’s wi would care to look Hom woo was the name of the next large town after Yang-Teun, and we reached 1 at 8 o'clock P.M. bad been proposed to tie np there for the night, bar ax our trackers ba! made very poor headway-during th: ony, Master Trung thought wr bad better push ov an bour Jonger, potwabetanding @ drilhendy tiamiated ten which had been get op for our express scoommtation «| We m st average over mnety ti (thirty miles) per day or we ¢hall never reach Pekin!” sant Waster Trung; ape £0 we tracked on until en P. M , to the infiuite tiagust of those my et inter ested— ovr half olad motive power. ‘The next morning at sunrise we were again unter way, in spite of a penetrating rain whied at ouce reduced our “(motive power’? to bare poles. I could pot but admire them, and wonder how such a string of primitively clad deings would have looked marching down Broatway—in- finitely more productive they would have been than Baroum’s “happy family? could he only have marebed them into his mammoth house of bumbnw ‘Were the HERatp an iJlvetrated paper aod Ian artist, T should be tempted to sketch them as they then and there Among the many transplanted trees seen by a8 the banks of the river, was one of une Zieiphoe Kexs. ¥ vbea's ap oblong plum-hke frait, which, upon belog soaked io , becomes a very One’ candied confection. It is ‘very mach tikeg by both foretgners and Chinese, and te called a “date,” ‘that frais, ot their is added wo by wood oil, ax it undoubtedly is by the careful manner in whieh they handle them. Thave been mach struck during the past few days by ‘he comecratic freedom which characterizes the bearing of the lower orders toward the Maaderins, an¢ at the same te by the power which the latter, nevertnelss, any in over snes ha They langh peatiter pleasantly, ask a light ir amall pipes, g? same, and yet the next moment may be ‘ordered fitty the bamboo or dragging a fellow by the tail tu toree him to work against hie will. Tremarked some lines back upon the abnndance ant low price of rope in this partof Cuina, and now T bave something similar to say about chain cables. Every junk that you see (and these must be counted by thousanas on this Frver alone) is provided with one or more, an’ they arc as neatly and strongly made as any turned out of the government stops at Washington. Ido not know what our naval chains cost the government, but my impression is something like twenty cents per pound; whervas here “34-inch” cables are eoid for three ceate per pound. This, if I mistake not, is about the price of old iron in tne United States. Through the interpreter [ learned thatany quantity of chain could be purchased atthis prive, but thut fv was all small—below what scamen understand as ‘one inch chain.” n the Peiho river to commerce, kee with his small brig might make hi 4 by loading ber and supplying ‘‘bowers”’ to all vessels der a hundred tons. ‘The meg ges our fifth day ath — saw us ap. proachin; large city of Toong-chan, and as wo got Pan a'mile of it the boete and junks became so thick that {t was with great difficulty we conld get wong at all. It was here that we were to ‘ave the junks and enter wagons; for Toong-chau is “the port of Pekin,” distant from it twelve miles across the country, and connected by a very rough grauite road. ‘And now, before leaving these junks, I am going to give the reader @ hasty look at Chinese character. ‘Mr. Ward being auxions to make our boatmen and trackers a present in addition t» their pay (?) from the Chinese government, ordered that a certaia sum should be given to the captain of each jnnk for himself and crew: and a certain other sum to the head man of each lot of trackers tor themselves and those employed under them. ‘Now, in any honest country, this would have been a vory simple proceeding; not 80, however, in China, In the frst place it bad to be given in secret, because the Mandarins, if they knew of it, woald take it all for them- selves. In the second place, it had to be given to the cap- tains and the head trackers in the presence of those under them, because experience bad proved that they would never open their mouths upon the subject. And in the third place, each man had to be told exactly bow much he was to receive to gaard at the “aqueezes” of their superiors. Well, this was i done, very effectually, as we thought, and we went to ‘bed with the happy feelings of men who had assisted in a liberal action. mark the result. Before we had be- gan to think of falling osleep there was a widesprea? out- cry outside—a Chivese outery. Imagining what this — verpre the int ter went out to see justice done. found the captains insisting that the boatmereshould only bave half their present, and the latter stontly'suicking up for the whole. He found the head trackers doing the same , and their men not only insisting that they should have the amount specitied gory Minister, but that some of their fellows who had been picked up along the road, and who were, consequently, strangers to them, should ve at a; and that the sum thus saved should be equally divided between the head trackers and themselves. 1 don’t think a picture of more utter selfishness could be drawn by even the imagination of aselfieh man. And yet the same thing is seen every day in China, ‘is the custom of the country and is known by the pame het oma ‘The Emperor ‘‘squeezes”’ the rich Mandarin when he wants money. The Mandarin squeezes the merchant, in fact everybody in China squeezes everybody elec in China when it is in his power. IC a Chivese boy wishes to be employed in the house of a for- ign merchant, t&e comprador of the establishment has charge Sorter like that, and must first be assured of one tenth of his wages before he will accept him. I ly do not think there is anything bke honesty in ry The next morning we entered our springless carts, drawn by two euiea cach anid after driving for an hour and a halt the dirty and narrow streets of Toong chau, posers under a heavy wall and saw the country opening fore us. ‘Tbe stone read over which we were then jolted was s0 very broken that it was impossible toremain in our carts; 80 we got out and walked, while our escort, who had doubtless learned wisdom from experience, trotted alon; mite comfortably upon their horses. Finaliy some them got down and offered their steeds to Mr. Ward and three others, but the majority of ‘the suite’? being looked upon in the light of attendants, we were left w. shift for ourselves. There is no joke about this. The Chinese actually look upon the Minister, the Sscretary of Loga- tion and the interpreters as ‘‘the embassy,” and upon the rest of us ag attendants; and no amount of argument can persuade them to the contrary. ‘This woald be a very good joke did it not saddle us with cnshionle=s, as well as sprivgiess carts, and subject us to being treated in other respects as servants. ‘ ‘Tho country between Toong-chau and Peking is vory thickly populated, and is sprinkled in every direction with the wallod burial grounds of the great families of the latter city. Some of these are imposing, others quite tasteful, and the numberless villages give the face of the country the appearance of a scattering city. In fact, when we asked Master Tsung as to the population of Pekin, he replied ‘three million fawilies,”” and, as they count five members to each family, it would thts contain 15,000,000 souls, But the same official went ou to inform ws that in speaking of Pekin thoy included Toong-chou and all the intermediate settlements. The entire population of the province is placed at 40,000,000. Caruyans of camels abounded along thie roat, those going from Pekin being loaded with baskets of coal, and those coming to it with bags of beans and wheat—the latter being the taxes gent from the Southern provinges as far as Toong chau by water, and thence here upon the backs of camels and in wheel- barrow like carts, steered by two men and drawn by one or more donkeys. By the way, speaking of donkeys reminds me that we have seen splendid mules and donkeys along our entire route—the former often from fiftecn to sixteen bands high, and only costing from sixty to eeventy dollars. The same animals would bring with us from three to four hundred. ‘The best donkeys may be bought for from ten to twelve dollars, and aa for labor—Coolie labor—it 13 to be had fora song. Now I suppose you would like to read something about Pekin itself. It is very little that T bave to tell you. We approached its high brick wail from the railrond, saw dense masses of bareheaded people, a bigh bastion tow: ering over all, the suburbs on each side of us; and passing through the solid gateway, entered the city to seo other dense maeses of people, low, half ruined and unpre tending houses, a friendly Russian admiring us from the back of his horse, a very wide and filthy street, and fioal- ly to be safely caged here where we now are. Tassure you this is all we yet know of Pekin, ‘&nd as we are to Jeave to-morrow for the ship, retaroing by the same road, itis all that we are likely to know about it. Let me rather tell you of the masterly manner in which Kevei- iang, Hwa-eha-na and the Shangbac judge have been humbugging Mr. Ward during the past two wesks. Not that Mr. Ward can be humbugged easily either, for he is an able man, but even ablo men are no match for Okinese lying, rascality, and utter want of good faith. My previous letters have tol! you why we are now here. It ie not because we wished to exchange the treatios at Pekin, but because when Mr. Ward offered to do that at Shanghae, we were in- vited by these same Commissioners to come here to do it. We consequently entered their capital as their guests. ‘Well, as their guest, Mr. Ward waited twenty four hours to be noticed in some way, and failing in that wrote a note to the Commissioners (who had arrived from Shanghao a few days abead of us) informing them of his presence ‘and readinces to wait upon thern. This was on the 28th ult., and wo arrived during the afternoon of the 27th. On the 2th came the answer to his note, in the person of Master Seih, the Shanghae Judge, who was received by the of Legation, assisted by Messrs. 5, W. Wil- Tiams ana A. P. Martin, inter} Seih brought Mr. Ward the thanks of Kwei-Siang for bis note, and an invitation to breakfast with him on the 30th, at noon. ‘ihe invitation expressly requested, ever, that he should be accompanied his interpreter, bat after a lon Altogether their conducthas been of vature, and yet we have if we say “‘we-have +inee our ” apd come,” but very gout horses or guide. it’ we being allowed pave 4 compraudor, wi Ae na exo bDitantly they sak ten are ip ex lanations and promises oever Keep, or which if fuldiled at all had ieee |. Take the following as an x: One of the Chinese writers attached to the had, at the request of Mr. Williams, been pri @ cart ip which to drive out. Well, the cart came, and he wesallow- ed W get inside. I will stop a moment to observe that these (arte are. cov: and that ove can ooly see through the font After he was swely Jusiie. the driver monnted not let him get out, and fivall: as be had started, Of course be hat not been able to look through his two friends, who blecked up the pever wish to Pekin again as ‘an honored guest,” Son.ce SAVE Sen writer longs for another ‘‘drive around OUR SHANGHAE -CORRB*PONDENCE. Stancmam, August 23, 1859. Fachange,of the Treatics at Pei-tang—Eyfect of the English Defeat— about lo Leave Jor Japan—Government Charters in Die Kast—Value of a River Steamer, dc. ‘We arrived here yesterday from our anchorage off Pei- tang, having left Pekin-on the llth, and exchanged the treaties at Pei-tang on the }¢th. The Governor General and the Treasurer of the Pro- vince represented the Emperor, and the next day we bade ‘them adieu. Upen our arrival here we were surprised, almost shocked, to hear of the effect prodaced along this coast. by the defeat of the English on the 25th of June. Tbave always contended—as my Jettera will show—that apy reverse to English arms in this quarter of the world would be attended by losses to all foreigners, in a com- mercial point of view; or rather, that to keep Obinese bh ciate pes Cathay ae May a ‘that, wn Chinaman should entertain a bealthy fear of some foreign nation. Now, England is the only nation that they fear at all, and having just whipped her, they are now more insolent than ever—not insolent to Englishmen alone, but to all foreigners. For ingtance, I, an American, just returaed (rom Pekin, where I went to Boe treatirs exchanged, am now afraid to enter the Chinese city of Sbangoae— (Noto—There are two Sbanghacs—the Eur: city and the Chinese ditto) Veet be stoned by some dirty fool, and forced to ran to save my life. This is oot an imaginary fear either, for one Eurojwav has already been killed and several wounded. » Thus, while the treaty speaks of ele~ vated friendship, high consideration. &c.,&c., we cannot even enter a Chinese city without the risk of losing our hves. After a while people will Jearn that Jobn China- man, like the gentlemen of Sivg Sing, is w be governed ooly by fear, apd not by any moral influence; and that is the present policy of the Engiish government, and future generations will acknowledge It to have been the anty trae and homane policy, notwithstanding the present verdict of fools and fanatics upon both sides of the Auantic. Sarr. 3, 1850. ‘To-morrow the mail leaves for Furope, and the next day this ship steams over to Nagasaki, and thence to Jeddo, At Nagasaki we will find the United States steamabip Germantown, which will bo ordered bere w reievo the Missiseippi, when the latter will take the Toey-wan in tow and carry her down to Hong Kong to be turned over to her owners. Twill end this letter with a few words in to the charter of this vessel, which may, I hope, result in future Denefit to the Umted States Treasury. Facts onty are wen — a veary ayear since the administration wished to send Mr. Ward to Pekin. ‘To do this, the sorvices of a small tteamer were neceseary. Our equadron in this sea boast- ing bo such veeeel, the tiag officer was ordered to charter one for the purpose. By the greatest accident in the world & suitable one was stumbied upon, but the owners de- manded that the government should take all risk. This the ilag officer did not feet himaelf authorized to do. Sbe was finally taken for five mouths, at ning thousand d per monsh, ber owners taking a!1 risks save those of bat- tle. Now, at the end of three and a balf months, she is returned to her owners plus the entire sum ((or fiye montha) of $45,000. We now learn that she has been offered for sale at $20,000; thns she has been made to pay more than double ber worth in less than four months. ‘And I have been assured that, had any one quietly offered ‘$20,000 for her before ® was known that the government ‘wanted such a boat, she could have been had. Then she might bave been properly armed and manned and kept upon this station a8 a tender (just what is wanted bere) uptil she wore out. All that for $20,000! But instead of that some old law or other (?) prevents our purehasing, though it permits our chartering vessels for the navy, and 80 we pay $45,000 for her use for four months, may next ye@r again have to pay a similar sum for similar ser- vices. There is Losers y Rao in all this. Would it not have been as well had the flag officer been ordered to charter or purehase, instead of being tied down to the single word “charter?” We hope to leave Hong-Kong homeward bound by the Ist of November. NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. CONFERENCE WITH THE IMPERIAL COMMISSIONERS— ME. WARD'S POSITION ASZAN AMERICAN CITIZEN— DELIVERY OF THE PRESIDENT’S LETTER—A OBi- NESE MILITARY GUARD PLACED OVER IT—THE AMERICANS PREPARING TO LEAVE—TSEY QUIT THE CITY—DEATH OF REV MR. AITCHISON ,, [From the North China Herald, Sept. 14.) The way to the lodgi for the Ea situated te Photeth ret Pekin’ abouts milo and 8 hal from the Jed to the northeastern. of the old or Mancha rt of the ani uy, it was met b or nat three oleate wa ¥ two corre it yin or Mayor of Vokin, whnea De bad sppoiied ta sited ‘on the visiters. ‘The pext day a notice was sent to the Commis- sioners Kweiliang and Hwashana, who deen in Pekin. about a week, that the American Minister had arrive’, and ‘was ready to confer with thom. It was deemed by Mr. Ward as only aewtable mark of respect to the Chinese government, that until he had seen the Commissioners the Members of his suite should not ect so p ‘The let- ters brought up from the coast for the Russian Legation pong and an acknowledgment received the same evening. . The next day, Friday, Sich, the Provisional Judge of Kiangeu, came to confer respecting the ghost with the Imperial Commizsioners, and to speak of the higher au- dience with the Emperor. Like a genuine son of Han, ho Ddegan to extol his sovercign, and then to pratse himself for his expertness in settling knotty questions, from which he proceeded to dilate upon the honor in store for us, its Iness, and its “distinguished consideration.” After impressing bis views he gently turned to the mode in which we, a few far-travelied strangers, whose country lay on the outskirts of creation, and had jast sent her citizens to the Middle Kingdom, ani after great tra vail had at Jast reached its capital, should show our sense of this ‘heavenly favor.’” He was told very briefly that when the plenipotentiarics of the twe nations camo to- gether on the morrow they would discuss this matter, and as their subordinates could do nothing definite, it w: Better to drop its consideration, He then informed us that in consequence of the part taken by the Tocywan in the battlo at Taku, the Emperor ‘was in ome doubt as to the sincerity of the peaceful pro- fessions of the Americans: and their movements on that gay Cap ete eg the hostile expressions used in one of Mr. Reed’s despatches of last year, in which he spoke of being forced to join the ut he was not disposed to press those equivecal sayings and doings. This obser- yation furnished an opportunity to state just what was done by the Commodore on that day, and also to tell the Judge ‘the serious consequences which had arisen to his own government from its neglect in not stationing a pro- per officer at the mouth of the Peiho, to meet the other ministers, as well as the American, but tarning them off to the hitherto unknown port of Pehtang by the month of amere underling, for whose veracity there was no guarantee. It appeared, {from his further remarks, the idea was prevalent among the Chinese that the Americans landed their own men from the boats towed up by the Tocywan, and this, impression had been stren:thened by the assertion of onc of the Fuglish prisoners, that he was an Ameri ) and had landed in the boats. ‘The charge was dec to ‘be unfounded; and it was aided, that the man might be a citizen of the United States, who ed as a sailor in the English ships, just as there were English. subjects in Amorican men of war, yet the Toeywau had never fired a gun nor landed a man; the American Minis- ter had nothing to do with the prisoner, and could never claitn him. After making arrangements eting the number of Mr. Ward’s suite to aceompany him to the approaching interview, and giving orders fer horses to be brought, the Judge took his loave, again remindiag us Lg og it was for our interests that he was in B- About eleven o'clock the next day Mr. Ward, attended by only three of his party, went to the public hal!, where the Imperial Commissioners met him, surrounded by © great crowd of officials of every shade of button, al] dress ed in their easy summer costuine. Kweiliang looked more hale than when at Shanghac, and said that his journey of thirty-six days had been on the whole pleasant. He soon began, however, upon weightier matters, and vindicated the late acts of his government in ree f its plans for the exchange ofthe three treaties. He declared that the ‘Emperor had a right to obstruct the channel of his own rivers, and bad done so at tho mouth of the Peiho to pre- ‘vent foreign snips ascending to Tien-tsin; that he would have been blameworthy if ull ingress had been closed, but on the contrary every arrangement had ben made for conducting all the foreign Ministers to Pekin by way Of Pebtang. Tho English Envoy, however, mot gone to place, but had tried to foree way Ghrough the barriers’ at Taku, even when warned of ; and that by so doing the English broken the bears hoe not the Chinese, upon whom the re- sponsibility of violation did not rest. He then went. on to compare the refusal of the English 4 é E See if iE Pe afr ge ‘tlie eve bts [ Hi ! 2