The New York Herald Newspaper, November 10, 1859, Page 4

4 ADDITIONAL FROM EUROPE. Our Paris and St. Petersburg Correspondence. THE ITALIAN COMPLICATIONS Visit to Garibaldi and Speech of the General. Miazzini to Aid Garibaldi as an Italian Liberator, &e., &o. &c., Our Paris Correspondence. Panis, Oct, 24, 1859, Illness of the Austrian Envoy at Zurich—England’s Refu- sal to Join ina European Congress, and her Object—Pal- amersion Enacting the “Little Joker’’ on Italian Affairs— Danger of the Alliance Between. France and Great Britain—Napoleon will Act with his Usual Energy—Gene- ral License for Auacks of the Newspapers on John Bull— War between Spain and Morocco—Navat Movements of Gibraliar—Opinion on the Continent on the San Juan Af. fair—An Imperial Crusad+ Against the Church—The Clercy Caricatured on the Stage and Held up to Odium in the Soniteur in Paris—England’s Blister om the Moroces Question —French Reports from Austria—Health of Prince Jerome—A Gay Court Season—Aimericans én th: City and their Grand Equipages, dc., de. ‘Tho sudden illness of M. de Colloredo, the Austrian rep” resentative, has abruptly interrupted the labors of the Zurich Conference at the very moment of their termina- tion. ‘All the great Powers, with the exception of England, have, Tam asured, agreed to a,Congress, which will com- mence its § as soon as the Zurich meeting is ended. Tris evideut that the refusal of Bagland:to join in a Con. gress is sctting the cu It is ‘ent of public opinion ia Europe against her. ried by the le: ig French, Aus trian and Ru: journals, that sh¢ is attempting at this late hour to impress upon the people -of Italy how great is her real sympathy, and how determined she is to aid them against the suppo ptions on the part of other Powers of ttiement of Italian affairs. w, Seeing that France, instead of loud protes- tations, spent her treasure and tue lives of ber sub- jects in aiding Ital it is, to say the least of it, rather preposterous for England to attempt to convince the Italians that she and not France has their we at heart. It is useless for Ea, Vs diplomats or statesmen to attempt encircling their brows with the laurels that are justly bestowed upon the sove- reign who proved his real friendship by action and not empty declamations. The present move onthe part of England is in hum! tation of the manaurree of those white batted, gold chained gentlemen who, at our race courses, call upon us in the most persuasive manner to win from them their piles of gold. We see them put what they style, in their amusing vocabulary, the “little joker” under one of their thimbles. It is put there os- tensibly, and we are then told to bet a3 to its wherea- bouts. Full of confidence, we at once make the bet, lift the thimble, and find that, like our money, the “little joker" is gone. Just 80 with the present dodge of the English Cabinet. Ttonlls upon Italy to trast tothe sympathy of Eogland, that liberty-loving land. Should the Italians lift the thim- ble they would find the “joker"” gone—Lord Jo!n Russell is uch a hand at the game. Seriously speaking, affairs are assuming an unpleasant aspect as regards the English and French alliance. The Journals of both countries are filled with bitter comments upon the stand assumed by cach government, and it would take but very little to cause a break off. ‘The China expedition is being put back by the government, and will probably never sail unless Engiand joins the Con- gresa. The demands of the British Cabinet are, tosay the least of them, not likely to produce the resuit apparently expected. Isay apparently, because it is evident to aay ‘one that to give such a pledge as Englan1 requires neces- sitates a meeting of the Powers, thus forcibly commencing congress. There is also the following fact to be taken into consideration:—By demaaiing the pledge in question, the English government is compictely ignoring the repeat ed promises made by the Emperor Napoleon, to the etfect that Central Italy should be safe from armed interven tion. The loud demand on the part of England that all the governments to join in a congress should make such ‘8 promise is an ffisuit to this government, inasmuch, as [ said above, that it is ignoring the already expressed de- termination of his Majesty. Europe thus has the spectacle before it of a misunder- standing between France and Eogland atthe very time when the two governments are about sending an allied force to act against China. Ihave good reason to ropeat to you that Napoleon III. is about to act with his accus- tomed energy in this matter. Eugland will be made to understand that she cannwt be an ally aud atthe same time make a parade of opposing the policy of the government she wishes to support her in China. I am aware, on good authority, that the French have received carte blanche as regards attacking England, and you may rest assured that very soon that government will have some plain truths told toi. ‘The English interference between Spain and Morocco has proved a failure, and war is declared by Spain against the latter government. The Spanish Charge d’Affaires at has left that city, as well as most of the Spanish subjects residing there. Those remait are under the Protection of the French Consul. The ish fleet off Gib- Taltar found itself counterbalanced by the presence of an equally efficient French fieet,and as France aud Spain are allies, England came to the conclusion that any direct interference would be dangerous. S») the London Times its tone, and at the last moment informed us that England would not interfere, as she had nothing to dread from the results of the coming conflict. If such is the case, why did she send her ships to survey what Spain was doing? Her large fleet was thus uunecessarily sent to cruise off Gibraltar. Decidedly, England is getting many rebuffs, and is being made to feel more and more each day that a selfish and tortuous policy mast, sooner or later, bring about a decrease of influence and power. The French and Continental journals te with ticles upon the subject of the San Juan difficulty, ex- pressive of astonishment at the changes of tone assumed by the English press while referring to this matter. They cannot malerstand why we should one day be filibuster and unprincipled and’ piratical in onr seizures of that which does not belong to us, while the nextday we are a nation, dear cousius,and a living proof of Eag- \d’s greatness, inasmuch as she brought us up, and while #0 doing got along so well herself; in fact, one day she denounces us, the next she is proud of us. The jour- nals I mention above cannot fathom these contradictions. While turning his attention to Eogiaud the Emperor Napoleon by no means neglects his nearer opponents—those of the French clergy—who evince a deteriination of de- fending the temporal power of the Pope. He has inter- dicted to them the use of the journals; aud I have re- marked, as a queer complication of affairs, that dramas which show papacy in a bad light are being at present playedat our Boulevard theatres, while the Moniteur and One or two other of the leading journals publish articles that refer to the excesses committed in former times by a | bigoted and proud clergy, anxious to obtain temporal as well as spiritual power, are tortuous. ‘Truly, the ways of diplomacy ar proof of his advocacy of the ror a few days since assured that he not only would armed intervention “on the but that he should also forbid any Neapolitan interference. This last assurance is a very big stone thrown dans le jardin du Pape. The Bordeaux has had its due effect, and as yet the armies of the loly Father and of the Legations have exchanged but some very naughty epithets. They have not as vet come to blows. The young King of Naples rather drew back when he heard that the French troops were to be with- drawn from Rome, and when the Tuscan journals publish last promise made them by the Emperor of the French, he will most likely march back the troops now onthe Papal frontier. The pigmics have a hard time are plited against one who bas given proofs who is emboldened by well deserved suc- Noxt week the sh forces commence tl attack upon Morocco. it was announced to the Chamber Deputies at Madrid that war was declared the most en- thusiastic cheers ensued, and specches were made, sho: ing how unanimous was the approval of all present. The French forces will probably attack Morocco at the same time the Spaniards do. The new Emperor will Mud bhim- self between two rather hot fires, and will no doubt very soon come to his senses, and accord all the de- mands of both the French and Spanish go’ ments. I dare say the English Cabinet will but littie As a fo iy Telish the prosent aspect of affairs as regards Spain and | Morocoo, M. de Persigny, French Ambassador at London, has, as Tam assured, informed this government that him- Self and Lord Palmerston had liad several rather stormy interviews upon the subject; that Queen Victoria’s Pre- miler was quite emportée upon the question, assuring M. de ¥ that Spain mercly wished to make war with Mo- ‘Foceo from ambitious motives; that England would never Permit Spain to occupy Tangiers, and finally that he ‘would make of this a European question, Al tempestuous indignation on the part of Lord. quite maway. I dare prodict th & quiet solution of the whole af confident a tial agent bas gone to London, by thi vernment to ring about the result T prodiat, and as hel to bi Pressure to bear, he will, I dare say, be The Constilutionne published a day letter from @ Vienna correspondent, giving 1 Frey as ae condition of the following extract from the articic 9! y interest your readers:— ne en ia Austria which resem) The word party tn that to the varions cadenei +s of th what we call the distinet nationaiities tnat compose the em. U the strongest and the best organized ts thes Of about 54.00 farnilies waived interesta, Since the arintosracy gisopeared, ja the or ais lath ti rivileged cli as, the only one which te fortune and tniluence, We must avow at fn diMeult circumstances it has dore what the government expect from it, In 1848 ft enabled the govern- pertain provinces y without troops, and vern- | ir very goon. I know that | mo fri raguenee, 7 uence, Populations were disooa- to all Kurope. The Queen of Holland has just arrived here, and is ro- iat J by special invitation of their Majesties, at St. ‘The season will be a gay ono in our city, as the number of strangers never was greater. I notice that many more Americans are now coming to Paris than was the cage last winter or the one before the last. People in our great Atlantic cities had not as yet recoveret from tho crushing effects of the panic of *57, but at the present time the miseries and annoyances of that painful poriod seem to be quite obliterated, and the sons and daughters of r Jonathan may be met with at every turn, “"y have ever much excited the curiosity of Parisians by the unusual display of coats of arms and heraldic devices which the: ¢. ‘The crisis rather put a damper upon these exhibitions, but we again see our countrymen adopting fine liveries, grand equipages, and making a greater show than the proud and weatthy representatives of Europe’s oldest and most noble families. This seoma an enigma to the public here, who can't reconcile all this splendor and ostentation shown with their preconceived ideas of what democrats should be. I make noreilection; I merely state the fact. Parts, Oct. 25, 1859 A More Healing Position Towards England—The Uhina Expedition Likely to Go On—Hopes of an Nalian Con- gress—Adrice of the French Papers to England as a Trader, de. Thave just learned that the difficulty betwoen the Cabi- nets of St. James and the Tuileries is in a fair way of being settled. I felt sure such would be the case; tho more so when I heard of the sending of a special agent. It is rumored that this rapprochement of the two govern- ments will cause the retreat of Lord John Russell. Ido uot affirm this, mercly giving it as a rumor that has just been started here. I felt certain, from the change of tono adopted by the London Times, that a reconciliation was near at hand, that journal baving given up coarse abuse for a sort of ballying apologetic tone. Yesterday the chief of the Cabinet of the Minister of War started for London to arrange with the English War Department matters regarding the Chiva expedition. A confidential agent also started for London, sent from the French Ministry of Marine, to confer with the Eaglish Admiralty relative to the same affairs. It now seems probable that the long talked of Congress will take place as soon as the Zurich Conference cau settle its affairs. The new Austrian envoy has reached the scene of bis future labors. M. de Colloredo is so far re- covered as to be able to give the necessary explanation to his successor, an. it is hoped thatthe Zurich meeting may soon be dissolved. The pubsic must by this time be heartily tired of hearing it mentioned, The Paris journals of this evening are filled with leaders and telegraphic despatches referring to Morocco. They taunt England with au interference which has selfishness for its basis, and demand why Spain has not as much right to resen{an insult as England has. I notice that the London: journals are taking alarm at the decided hostility evinced by the Parisian press. They begin to understand that Eng- land must take care she is not soon forced to present a humiliating spectacle to Europe. As the evening papers sey, she is not a military Power, and a commercial nation stould avoid unnecessary broils. Our St. Petersburg Correspondence. St. PETERSBURG, Oct. 17, 1859. The Metropolis Dull for the Season—Absence of the Czar and the Foreign Minister—Grand National Pour of His Mojesty—Hopes of a Great European Congress—Russia’s Representation Therein— What She will Advocate in the Mecting—Another Eastern Crisis Approaching—Turkey Again Sick—A Hint from the Herald Well Received by the Diplomat:—Oficial News of Mr. Ward's Reception in Pekin—He Was Not Drawn In in a Boz—The Czar’s Strength and Danger on the Ampor—Schamyl in the City— Progress of Emancipation, de. The excitement of last September has been succeeded by a kind of lassitade, and although the winter season is setting in, with its balls, concerts and Italian operas, it must be confessed that the city is decidedly dull. A great part of our aristocracy have not yet retarned from their travels,and in the absence of the Emperor and the Foreign Minister public business is confined to transactions of subordinate importance. ‘The Emperor is making a grand tour through his do- minions, having visited Moscow, Toula, Kietf, Nicolaicff and Odessa, from whence he has proceeded to Warsaw, where there will be a brilliant reunion of foreign princes and Russian diplomats. Prince Gortschakoff left for that city yesterday week, attended by his son’ and a nu- merous staff of employés, to preside at a council to which our representatives at the courts of France, England, Aus- tria and Prussia have been summoned. The Prince is said to be in high spirits, it being now almost certain that his favorite project of a European Congress, which he had proposed early in the spring, but every prospect of which seemed to be destroyed by the war that broke out imme- diately after, will at length be realized. It is believed that he will appear there in person as the first Plenipoten- tiary of Russia; the selection of the second will be rather difficult, as both Count Kisseleff, our Ambassador in Paris, and Baron Brunow, Envoy in London, consider them- selves entitled to this distinction, while the Prince himself would prefer M. Titoff, who was his colleague af the con- ferences of Vienna, and is now Minister at the Court of Stutgard. Ina great measure it will depend upog the place at which the Congress meets; if Paris should be fix- ed upon the desires of Count Kisseleffcan hardly be dis- regarded. ‘The discussions will certainly not be limited to the Ita- lian question, which forms the ostensible object of the proposed Congress; our government is determined not to neglect the opportunity of calling the attention of Europe to the affairs ot the East, which arc rapidly approaching a crisis. The conspiracy lately discovered in Constantinople is only a symptom of the in- curable disease which is hastening the dissolution of the Turkish empire. Tho sick man is at his last gasp, and if an agreement is not come to in time, we shall soon see all the great Powers scrambling for his inheritance. Austria has evidently an eye upon the provinces conterminous with her dominions—Wallachia, Servia, Bosnia, &c.—where she would like to establish vassal thrones for the members of the Hapsburg family, who have just been driven from their Italian possessions. Bat Russia would never consent to such an arrangement, not even to secure the crown of Etruria for the Duke of Lenchtenberg. Besides this, the inhabitants of those regions, who are mostly of the Greek Catholic persuasion, are quite as much opposed to Austrian rule as the Florentines or Mo- denece. In their eyes the Romanist schismatics are worse even than the Musselman Turks, and being a | warlike race, they would resist, with arms in their hands, | every attempt to “annex” them. If the Ottoman Empire should fail to pieces, her®orthern territories, which are | already more than half independent, might remain sepa- rate principalities under the guarantee of the Groat Pow- ers; the dynasty of Prince Milosh would continue to reign | in Servia, and perhaps scion of one of the royal houses of Europe would be found t replace Prince Couza in Wal | lachia and Moldavia. As to the other provinces of Tur- | key, and especislly that apple of discord, Constantinople, their disposal would depend upon circumstances, an: upon the turn affairs may have taken iu the interior. ‘The | suggestion of the New Yor Hsracp to make Constaati- nople a free city and emporium, open to the trade of all nations, has struck our politicians as remarkably § cious, and if the other Powers should agree to this sol ef a question that bas puzzled the brains of the greatest diplomatists for the last half century, Ruseia is not likely to object. | we have advices from General Ignatieff, our ambassa- | dor at Pekin, according to w: the United States Minis ter, Mr. Ward, had arrived there and been received with perfect courtesy by the Celestial dignitaries. The story of his having been shut up ina box drawn by oxen, | and conveyed to Pekin a close prisoner, turns out to hav: been a‘ weak invention of the enemy.’’ General Igna tieff has been informed by the Chinese government, that notwithstanding the untoward affair of the Peiho, they | are still quite ready to ratify the treaty of Tien-tsin, and | would be glad to receive the French and English envoys, if they present themselves in the same pacific and friendly guise as the representatives of Russia and America. You are aware that the ratifications of the treaties concluded between Russia and China by Admiral Patiatin snd Count Mouravicff have been already exchanged. | There can be no doubt that at present the Chineso are anxious to come to a good understanding with the Western Powers; but a porson who is well acquainted With their character, from having resided several years | With the Russian ecclesiastical mission at Pekin, makes the following remarks on this subject:—“If Eogland and | France resume their diplomatic intercourse with Ciuna, | after the severe check they have just experienced, with. out exacting ample reparation and gnarantees for the fu- ture, the Chinese will imagine they have entirely subdued | the barbarians and conceive the utmost contempt for their power. The consequences will soon become appa- rent. Even if the presence of the ambassadors should | be tolerated at Pekin, they will be subjected to slightaand insults of every kind, and the treaties concluded by thom will remain a dead letter. The national conceit of the Chinese will be immeasurably increased; and it ia not ‘that Russia will be exempted from its otf litherto they have endeayored to keep on fri terms with us from an undefined dread of our power: elated with their vietory over the natio r stand in awe of their sof tho W tomers to deal with than we have done lately."” ‘You may perhaps recollect my siating at the time of the late war Between Fogland and China, that it had re. lieved our government from serious apprehensions on account of our new acquisitions on the Amoor, but if these predictions should be verifled, they might again be exposed tosome danger. The distance from tho seat of empire is so immense,and the proviaces of oria, contiguous to them, are so thinly inhabited, that it is quite impossible to maintain a strong military fore» there, and if the myriads of China shonld be inspired by their recent successes, with only a spark of cou- rage, seconded by the faintest glimmoring of mili- tary science, their enormons numerical superiority would render versaries. It is trae, We dave @ strong duila wy ily Chinesg and Jo waters, and we might blockade their ports and ravage scaboard with impunity; but that would not prevent them (rom hurling their hosts of Mongols aud Manchoos against our forts in the interior and sweeping our fow bat- tations of ‘Tranebeikaleg Soanciee the face of tho earth. Luckily, Count Mouravieff Amoorsky ,the Governor General of Eastern Siberia, i ® man equal ‘to every euier- euey, and as he is now ing @ Visit to the Piowery Kingdom in person, he will doubilees be wide awake to any signs of aggression on the part of the Colcstials, and take his meagures. A Our long expected guest, Schamyl, arrived here ou the 8th, escorted by General Trompofisky, and ac- companied by his sou, Kazi t, aud four Murids, He was conducted to the apartmonts prepared for be the Sanat Sees bch since been bsieg ed in good style. His r iare ‘bly prepossessing, his features aro noble and expressive, ead tot off by a su- perb beard dyed with beuna, and although sixty-two ears of age, he does not look more than fifty. He mate iis appearance at all our places of Public regort, inspootod our libraries and museums, and “assisted” at a perfor- mance of the “‘Sonnambula”’ and of a grand. ballet, pro- Berving everywhere the dignified impassibility of an Ori- ental, trom whom the most novel and striking scenes are unable to elicit the slightest expression of surprise or ad. miration. His remar! wore tow, but extremely perti- nent. On being asked what pleased him the most in Russia, he replicd, ‘The gracious reception of the Kin- ror’’—a delicate compliment, which shows that ths great Imaum woul} have made a good courtier, Perhaps in his secrct heart he may have wondered, like Caractacus, that the master of euch an empire should havo grudged’ him his poor retreat among the mountains of his native laud; bus if he did, he refrained from giving utterance to the thought. The public, down to the lowest ranks of society, have treated him with the most exemplary considera- ton, although ong of cur Russian newspapers endea- Vored to get up a cry against him by raking up the old stories of the cruelties he is alleged to have perpetrated upon the Russian prisoners in tho Caucagus—of tie eighteen Russian officers put to death by him at Dargo, when obliged to abandon the stronghold to the troops of Count Vorontzoff, &c. But whatever may be our faults, we are not 4 vindictive people: ‘hevo nié binele—not to strike @ man that's dowu—is a Russian ag well as un Anglo-Saxon maxim. The city of Kalv 160 versts routh of Moscow, with an ancient palace picturesquely situated on the banks of the Ocka, has been assigned to Scbamy! and his family as their future residence. ‘The Jatest advices go to show that the Central Commit: tee forthe emancipation of the serfs, now sitting in the capital, has just constituted itself into three committees— financial, administrative and judicial. This committee is to examine a number of questions of the highest impor- tance; such, for example, a8 the fixing the territorial boun- jary and the number of inhabitants of each commune; its te nment; the election of the persous charged he government; the reorganization of tne territoria! r nd particularly the interdiction placed on lan-ted proprietors to interferc in police affairs or in the comau- nal administration; the institution of justices of the peace, and the publicity ‘of judicial proceedings, &e. Yon will perceive by this enumeration that the entire social edifice of Russia is to be reconstructed. The most distinguished legists in our country criticis pation adopted by the government. The defect whict prevents the regular developement of this reform sists, in their opiaion, in the period of twelve yea for the regulation of the territorial relations bety peasants and their masters. This delay will infallibly give rise toa number of disputes between the discontented Pp ietors and the ignorant peasants—casy ceived and corrupted, particularly if they are worked upon by that class of oppositionists recruited from among the unemployed, such as officers on unlimited leave of absence, clerks dismissed from their situations, and ser- vants of the landed proprietors without places. The Anglo-French Alliance. DANGER TO THE ENTENTE OORDIALE—ATTEMPT TO FATHOM NAPOLEON'S PLANS—CURIOUS ARTICLES IN THE PRENCH RURAL PRESS. (Paris (Oct. 24) correspondence of London Herald.] An impression continues to pe ground that a rupture between the governmenta of France and England is to be feared. The Pays this morning asserts, in a kind of vague way, that the preparations for China are still going on. I cannot say whether any new orders have been sent to- day, but up to yesterday no alteration had been made in the decision sent on Thursday last to all the dockyards, countermanding the preparations. According to information which reaches me from an un- impeachabie source the statement of the Nord yesterday, that France would give 100 millions of francs (ready money) to Austria for the cession of Lombardy, is perfectiy correct. A portion of the balance of the Inst loan is to be employed in this way. As this transaction is entered at full length in the treaty of Zurich, the government can hardly hope to keep it from the knowledge of the French public. It does not require a very deep knowledgo of the character of the French to foresee how this slosure will be received. In addition, I have from the same source a confirmation of the statement sent by me last week, that France claims a war indemnity from Piedmont to the tune of some sixty millions. Moreover, poor Piedmont will have to pay another hundred millions for the encumbered Lombard estate, a large slice of which legitimately belongs to Piedmont by right of conquest. These stipulations, taken by themselves, aro bad enough; but the reservation in favor of the Archdukes and the Duchess of Parma, together with the answer of the Emperor to the deputation from Tuscany, shatters the flimsy pretexts put forward by the French ‘government, both for the unjustifiable aggression which commenced. the war and the treacherous peace that brought it to a close. To break up the old system of continental alliances, and place France in sch a position as to be wholly independent of the support or hostility of any of the great Powers, but especially England—in a word, to convert Europe into a French hegemony—is no new idea. It will be found developed at full length in the works of Napoleon IfI., and from that point of view the conduct of Emperor, however incomprehensible it may appear, read by any other light, is perfectly intelli- gent and consistent. To arrive at the realization of this idée Napoléonienne, however, it is necessary to deprive England of her vaval supremacy, and to deprive her of her supremacy it is necessary to have nothing to appre- hend from England’s old allies. Therefore thoso allies have been the first to be put out of the way of doing harm. The scheme has up to this time been skilfully car- ried out, and has been abundantly successful. First Rus- sia, and then Austria have been successfully detached from our alliance: Pruesia will probably be the next to suffer. In the meanwhile France is taking steps to secure the command of the Mediterranean. The joint expedition with Spain to Morocco means nothing else. Spain would have agreed to the proposals of the Moors but for the in- fluence of France. Wires from St. Cloud movethe puppels at Madrid. It is a curious coincidence, if it be notasignificantthreat, that the French, Spanish and Russian squadrons are all collected within sight of the rock of Gibraltar in Algesiras In the meanwhile the government prints lose no oppor- tunity to inflame the public mind against England, and prepare it for the possibility of a contlict. THE FRENCH RURAL PRESS ON THE POSITION OF ENGLAND—SUPPOSED OFFICIAL SENTIMENTS OF FRANCE. There are eolemn periods in the hiatory of nations which decide their might and their future for along time. It ap- pears to us that England has reached one of these crilical ‘moments. For the last few years that uation, which poli- tics and labor have made powerful, rather than the arts of war, seems to be conscious of a gradual decline (dépé- rissement). She struggles in vain against it. The ‘man. hood beneath the weight of which she crushed Europe from 1815 until the glorious restoration of the Napoleonic dynasty is no longer her lot. Thus, anxious for the pre- sent, still more anxious as to what the morrow may have store for her, she seeks, her mind filled with jealous apprehensions, the path which may lead her back’ to her former state. Hence vacillations and panics without number, which surprise the people, and for which states- men themselves are not prepared. ’ England, ouce so pre- cise and resolute, bas no longer a will of her own. Tho meaning of her traditions escapes her. She is absorbed by her morose spirit, and is gradually sinkeng bscause she re- Fuses to acknowledge her inferiority lo her former self. The present government of France, as Europe can testify, has never cutertained the design of turning this situation to account, but,on the contrary, has also endeavored to make it appear better than it was. Inthe Crimea, as in China, as well as in all great European questions, the Em- peror Napoleon ill. has always endeavored to share his fortune and his glory in common with the august sove- reign of Great Britain, caring little which of the two crowns shed the most lustre. When the Ttalian question passed from the province of diplomacy ipto the critical order of facts, Franc ed uo trouble to/obtain the co-operation of her ind to enable her to share with her’ the ring to x whole people that temperate inde- pendence, and that fruitful order, which increase the greatnoes not only of those who receive, but of those who m. Ono knows how these generous advances were met by the tory Cabinet. France had to accom- plish her task alone. In the meanwhile there was @ change in the British government, and the new adminis- tration appeared to show more’ goodwill towards our policy, and to look more favorably on the Italian cause. After the victories of Magenta and Solferino the Foreign Office proclaimed its sympathies for the adversarios of Austria, but hastened to add that the contending parties should leave the settlement of their differences to tderope, From that moment a Congress, or, at least, a high council of the Powers, had no warmer partisan than the British Cabinet. After the signature of tho treaty of at Villafranca the attitude of England remained unaltered; as was also the caso when the pleni- potentiaries met at Zurich. Not more than a fow days ago even, the semi-official organs of Lord John Russell were unanimous in advocating the necossity of a direct intervention by Europe to carry out all the proposals fa- vorable to Italy which are set down in the convention signed at Zurich, which is to constitute the instrument of peace; and yet, now that it is officiatly announced that this instrument is ready to be put under tho eyes of Eu- rope, England appears to refnze to keep her word; at least the Morning Post publishes successively two articles: which are calculated to give rise to serious apprebensions on that point. " to us to speak Harsh truths to an old ally before sh furnished us with @ proof of our wrongs. But if it be true that the Morning Po were the expression of the views of the Foreign Otlice, we could but record the fatal fall of a great nation from the first rank to that of a sicond rate Power. We could ‘only tell Hngland that her time has gone by, and that her Queen has nothing left but to watch passively Uve decrees Bue rope may pass with or without her. [From the Paris Pays Oot. 21.) i The Englisls papers rave with @ fary worthy of the con- tempt of all sensible men against the treaty of Zurich, with which they are only acquainted by the, more o° ives, cor- rect analysis which has been published, The extreme vivarity of the English press, which wé disdain ; take up as it deserves, can, on no account, be justified. The Eng- lish pross geems to claim the monopoly of the cefpnce of he interests of Italy, a monopoly to which it haz no right, France has made sacrifices for the liberation of Italy, which all the world is acquainted with. England, on the contrary, confined berself to strict neutrality. The Eog- Neh press has, therefore, very ill grace in assuming the attitude of champion of Italian independence. Moreover, these papers give their government the extraordinary ad- vice to abstain from the Congress. {From the Parig Patric, Oct. 25 } * * * * ‘ this attiteds h government Wh i like a diay over—of bravery after the battle, fs it hopes by that means to ‘make iho Ttallans ep Lain Aciencivs— to throw a veil of oblivion over the Derby Cabinet and its undisguised sympathy with the Austrian cause in Italy, as Aigo over the deep disa] tment of the frieads of Ita- lian independence which followed the accession of the present Cabinet? If such be the vet, it wil! not be at- tuined; the fucts are too recent, ‘speak too loud. No diplomatic manoavre, nO eloquence written or spoken, can eflace the memory of two fucts—that before the war the Derby Cabinet supported the interests of the Cabinet of Vienna, and that during the war the Cabinet of Lord Palmerston and Lord J. Russoll—those ardent friends of Italy—offered but little assistance, 80 far as we know, to the current of independence which had set in, Such are the heroic labors of Englaad in favor of that people of which the London journals would fain make us believe she is the sole defender. ‘The fact is. that there are two kinds of policy—one which sows revolution abroad, disturbs mations and cxcites (hem to revolt, in order to inorcase tts own in- fluence; but when the populations, thus excited, ask for ‘assistance in mon or money, it turns a deaf ear to their ap- plication. ‘The other, which takes fire for an idea, un- sparivgly sacrifices men aud money, and pursues the tri- umph only of what is just. Opinion of the Czar om the Difficulties of the Po; © Pope. {From the Invalide Russe, October 12.) The Pope, in our Opinion, is not wi ~in considering the separation of the Legations as a local insurrection, but he deceives himself in the historical and judicial argu- ments which ho invokes. Thus he forgets ‘that Bologna enjoyed from 1447 a separate and independent adminis- tration, in virtue of a decree of Popo Nicholas V., who declarcd that all those persons who should at'empt to de- prive the Bolognese of thoir rights should be excommani- cated. Bologna had a Senate, the members of which wore elected by the ‘people, and w! only recognized the protectorate of the Pope. All tho successors of Nicholas V. respected the rights of the Bolognese, and Bologna was a free city, like Hamburg and the other Hanse towns. In the wars of the revolution with France, Italy fell into the power of Genera! Bonaparte, who, after having concluded with Pius VI. the treaty of Tolentino, ave the Pope the city of Bologna in full sovereignty. The Botoguces waited on the Pontiff, and presented him the document of Nicholas V. The Pope, admitting their right, referred the deputation to Cardinal Gonsalvi, who was then, like Cardinal Antonelli now is, master of the temporal administration of the Roman States. Cardinal Gongalvi declared tothe pi eset, Meg that if the) dare 1 to publish the bull of +) they shonld al be confined for life in the fortress of San Angelo, and from that moment Bologna formed an iuseparable part of the Pontifical States. The affair so ended for the time. Short- ly after, all the States of the Pope were declared a French rovince, and Rome was made the second city of the french empire. Pope Pius VI. was even held in honor- able captivity until 1814, when victorious Europe, led by Alexander L., overthrew the gigautic domination which weighed on it. The Congress of Vieana re-established things on their former footing; but as regards Bologna, it ‘was not the ancien régime previous to the revolution, but that which succeeded, which prevailed. Bologna was left to the Pope in full sovereignty on the basis of the tronty of Tolentino, withont any mention being made of the buil of Nicholas V. and of the rights of the city, which had lasted for several centuries. Subsequently Austria, au intimate ally of the Pope’s, assumed the right of armed interven- tion in the Legations, and caused her soldiers to occupy Ferrara, Bologua and Ancona, asserting that that occupa- tion was a guarantee of the prosperity and security of the Pontifical States, Insurrectionary Movement in Sicily. A Naples letter of the 16th ult., published in the Paris Presse, says it 8 quite certain that. there has been an in- surrectionary movement in the neighborhood of Palermo. After a combat between the pacsani and the military, an order was given that all private individuals possessing arms should immediately give them up to the authorities. ‘The correspondent gives this facton the evidence of tri vellers who saw the decree posted in the streets of Pale: mo. As tothe character of thé conflict, aad the prob: Dle consequences of it, reports are various and contradic- tory. liberals give out that the insurrection, the headquarters of which are said to be at Carini, (seven- teen kilometres to the left of Palermo,) isa well planned and formidable one. The insurgents, they say, have got possession of a cannon taken out of a gunboat, and are likely to hold out against the royal troops for a long time. On the other hand, the codini—(literally, people who wear pigtails, an opprobrious expression used to nate ultra-couservative)—allirm that the emeuée was a tri- fling one, that it is now entirely put down, and that 150 rebels were killed. General Garibaldi at Home. INTERESTING VISIT TO THE GREAT REFORMER—HIS DOMESTIC LIFE AND POLITICAL OPINIONS—SCENERY AT RAVENNA. The following tsar ig 4 letter from a lady has been forwarded to the London BowoGn, Sept. 24, 1859. My dearest Brother—I wrote to you last from ‘Modena, whiiber, as you are aware, I accompanied Colonel D—, his wife and my young friend Teresa Garibaldi (agree: ably with her father’s kind invitation), in order to take nt in the rendezvous he given his family at the autiful villa which the Dittatore Farinj had placed at his Cg reel and the time I spent with them proved so very charming that Lalmost think au account of my visit would interest a larger circle of readers than that of a brother’s family. ‘The frst occurrence was a disappointment. A despatch had arrived on the very day we rei the villa, which had called the Gencral away to Bologna, and it was his son Menotti and somo officers of the staff who received us and installed us in our apart- ments. A couple of days were pleasantly employ- ed in visiting Modena’s grass.grown streets, in ex- Ploring the luxuriant groves of our ducal residence, and admiring the rich meadows which surrounded them, the beautiful deer and horses and cattle which, with their young fawns, and colts and calves, were grazing, frolicking, or reposing there in happy thoughtlessness. But the charm of all this beauty ana grandeur soon vanished, and we to repine at the long absenco of our illustrious host, when we received a despatch desiring uw atonce to start for Ravenna, and thus our rather one- rous life of contemplation was suddenly changed to bustle and activity. Packing our trunks in a hurry, swallowing a premature dinner, and hastening to the railway in time for the last and only train for Bologna were the work of a very fow moments, but, alas! were not successful. A broken bridge cost us the loss of four hours, and we arrived at Bologna just in time to find neither post horses nor places in the diligence or any other conveyance that day. A vetturina the following morning was our sole consolation, und we were obliged to sleep where we were. Eleven weary hours on a supremely monotonous road brought us next morning to the gates of the far-famed and interesting town of Ravenna. A rumor that the “famiglia del prode Generale’ was to arrive seemed to have pre- ceded us, for already inthe suburbs numberleas pcople hurried to their windows to catch a nae of the fair Tercsa and ber herculean brother. en at last our vetturino horses plucked up the very best of their sinki Strength, and made a showy dash into the Piazza del Palazzo, and entered with a loud rattle its lofty archway, 1 a dense crowd surrounded the carriage. The General met us at the foot of the staircase, and, after an affectionate welcome, lé@ us to our rooms. I was happy tosee how well he looked. Every vestige of his late severe illness had disappeared from his noble brow, and the halo of satisfaction which his newly gained successes, and tho dawning happiness of his beloved country, displayed around his classical features heightened, it possible, their beauty, and made him look ten years younger than when Isaw him at Turin. Having shaken off the thickest of the dust we had col- tected on our long journey, we were summoned to dinner. In passing through a vast suite of costly decorated rooms, the General presented us to several of the first gentlemen of Ravenna, and to his Excellency the Marchese Rosa from Turin, who has been sent by the Piedmontese gov- ernment as Intendente and Delegato Politico at Ravenna, He received us with so much corteous cordiality and un- affected affubility that I cannot tell you how much pleasure his acquaintance afforded us all. We had scarcely been half an hour at table when the eveivas of the assembled populace became go clamorous that the Marchese induced Garibaldi to gratify thom by appearing in the balcony. ‘All the shouts you bear,” ho said to the General, ‘gush from warm hearts. They are @ brave people, and thar cannot feign, and what they demonstrate they fell” and this he repeated more than once before ho could overcome the Geueral’s modesty. At the balcony he pronounced one of his short but pithy sjeechos, which flad their way straight to the heart. You will pos- eibly have rea it in the papers, and therefore I will not kive ithere. Not the slightest noise was to be heard over the large space where the sonorous voice resounded, ag he thanked the people for all their proofs of sympatliy atid affection. The wind was lulled, the flags hung 5 wards, and the auditors seemed scarcely to breathe, for fear of interrupting the solemn silence. One must have followed as Ihave done the life of the noble warrior in all its vicissitudes, self-denials and sacrifices—one must know, as I do, what great virtues adorn his Phong character, and what a generous part the brave Romag. noli have played in the most stormy period of his adyen. turous career, to be able to judge of the feelings which overcame me while, by his side, I witnessed the moving spectacle of that memorable evening. As soon as the Gone- ral had spoken and permitted the first frantic outbreak of enthusiasm to subside, he retired from the window, but Madame D— and Teresa and I, to whom such ascene was notgo everyday an occurrence a to him who canged it, did not leave the balcony #0 soon. ‘The whole piazza was in a blaze of illumination; the ever changing effect of light pro- duced by the flaring torches on the tri-colored banners, as on different processions that passed through the thronging multitude—the military band of joyful music which now and then was actually overpowered by the clamorous ev- vivas and newly invented cndearing epithets for “Vamato Siglio del popolo,”’ and over all the deep blue sky, with its myriads’ of stars, whose pencefal twinkling scemed to sanctify the ovations devoted to the iilnstrious champion of Italy’s liberty—was not all this really edifying, and the thought that it was a justly merited tribute to virtue, personal valor, and magnanimity—was it not enough to move the most indifferent spectators? Ravenna, anciently the capital of the Western empire, the residence of the Gothic and Longobardic kings, the metropolis of the Gree! is one of those cities whose monnmente ill story. Ithas churches, palaccs, museums and mausoleums, such as no other city bot Rome can boast of. Within its walls repose the re- ‘maine of the children of Theodosius, and among the tombs ofexarchs and patriarchs rests all that was mortal of Dante. But, now, this city “of old renown, onco in the Adrian Sea,” would have morely tolament over the de- cay of ite former tnagnificonce, had not natare gifted it with a.gem whose majestic grandeur will outlive every human monument. Who hag uot heard of Ravenna’s far famed “Pincta?? Ts it not Taly’s most ancient and, ia classical and poetic respects, most renowned forest? ’ Ita pratsee have been chan and Boccacio, and echoed in gong by Dryden and Itsuppliea Rome with timber for ‘her ships, and the banner of Venice, in a ig of ber supremacy, floated from the masts it far- nished. This memorable forest m y now add to its classical an- pals the most touching of modern times, for it was there thot in 3549, on his retreat from Rome, the magnanimous Garibaldi songht refuge from Austrian pure It was in this labyrinth of un derwood that for many days the proscript hero wan- dered from farm farm, from hut to but, imes separated only by n lctachment of infuriated Croate. that the Ba stevent of his life from thieket to provides And ORK HERALD, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1859.—TRIPLE SHEET. other hand, it was here, also, that he learned to know of what herolé sacrifices abd what deop dovotion the unvor- rupted and incorruptible Romagnoli are capable. A visit to the Pineta pp of the General's plan for our amusement, it was ou & morning at ht o'olosk that wo started on our tour. The ral, Madaine D——, Teresa and I were in the first carriage, and the rest of the party followed ‘a another carriage, and three Wiroceini, a8 guides throug! most ul the wood, elt little train. ‘The wheeled rage, ‘with one horse, peculiar to the Rom: na, and the quickness with which they can be driven quite wonderful. weathor was beautiful; a mild autumnal breege tempered the heat of the gun; our horses set off at a brisk pace, and in less than 4 quarter of an hour we reached the skirts of the forest, It extends along the shore of the Adriatic for thirty-five miles northwards from Ravenna, covering a flat, sandy tract, which varies in breadth between one and three tiles. It forms an endless succession of lovely glades and avenues, intermingled with thickets, over which ans of ove ee | diepla bale be ages Avda ipe berries. Wild cherry, apple and pear trees, fruit, festoons of wild vines bending under tho ight of their shrubs of barberry, blackborry and dog rose; in short AT mor Ser and to be assembled the of the ferest, the lorty pine, deur, hoiding out ite graceful branches and oftering fue winged inhabitants of this fine solitude the safest of haunts, and to the Italians a rich store of ‘4 “a Mute with ree haves Saag mele toe the “pee eating effects o! upon trees, on velvety cor over which we wero Gliding. What could be more interesting than, in eu cree] ers and laden @ scene, to listen to the fascinating and ve conversation of the ill man whom we ac- companied? Notwithstanding the lively emotions was this morving particularly disposed to be com: municative, and be began by giving ua some details of hie late: |, describing it as ‘una ME not only the ra to which he and his men danger were exposed were slight when compared with the su cesses he achieved, but because he had not once been obliged to utter a reproach or inflict a punishment. the Romagnoli he bestowed the highest eucomiums, and he assured us that among all the towns of the Romagna Ravenna distinguished herself by the entire absence of all spirit of caste, and by the loyalty and union which pre- vailed al her inhabitants. He enumerated many persons who had rendered him particular services in 1849, and dwelt long on the praises of a ccrtain native of Con- eacchio, named Bonnett who had saved him from the grasp of the Austrians at the risk of his own life. But if such grateful feelings still dwelt in the heart of Garibaldi towards the brave Romagnoli, neither had thoy forgotten the man for whom they had 20 readily exposed themselves to danger, and the rey Pincta had not failed to animate its solitary paths. The further we advanced the more frequently were we obliged | to stop to receive the demonstrations of affection which they offered. What splendid types of manly beauty these Romaguoli are. Strength, energy, and loyalty speak out of every feature, Some of them'seemed mute with emo- tion at the sight of the ido! of their long cherished hopes, clasping convulsively the hero’s hand, and fixiug upon him a dark, deep eye, more eloquent than words. After a drive of thirtecn miles the shades of the forest became more transparent, and our carriage, making a sharp tura, stop) ¢ a farm house, where we alighted, and I soon di: ed that this was the fattoria of the propricta of the Marchese Gui modest room in which we were seat vas the identical refuge where Madame Garibaldi, a true victim of heroism | and conjugal love, breathed her last sigh on the bosom of her sorrowing husband. I pass over the joy with which the farmor received the horo, after his ten’ years of difficulties and dangers, and will only add that in a desolate country, at the extremity of the Pineta, we found atable loaded with delicacies, but that which gave a zest to the banquet was the heart- felt joy with which it was offered. Fighteen guests were seated at this table. Every now and then some brave Romagnoli came in to drink the General’s health, and to recall to his recollection some perilous escape in which they had shared, and thus in a little while our room was filled, and outside the door ap- peared a mass of heads. At this moment the enginecr officer T——, in a short but meaning speech, in which ho recounted the chief exploits of our hero, proposed his health, and Garibaldi, after returning his warmest thanks, continued as follows:— You bare just reconnted my history, and it is my part to tell ‘ou how proud and happy [am aan to find myself among this Urava people, of whose courage und attachment { have es pel many proofs. I repeat to you that to the Inst moment of my e: T ‘shall be devoted, body and my country. ‘For fourteen years, without pay or reward, I have served the cause of liberty in'forelgn lands. What, then, will I not do for the land of my birth? is are progressing favorably, but there ts still much to be done. ‘The day ts come ‘when Haly ts to regain its complete independence, This timelt mast be accomplished, and from the Alps to Sicily she must be free. Providence has given us the man we needed to reknit uatogether. Its round Victor Emmanuel that we must rally to repulse the ranger from oursoll. We will not longer bear the foreign yoke, sonl, to ‘Let him but retire and leave us toenjoy our possessions in peace; and we will at once welcome him asa friend, but 60 long as beg hg, lect ne to his epee beste nowulng to expect us but the fire of our 5 iy union and force that we shall ‘When we can attain strength, believe me no one will dare to attack us. Before everything it is imperativs that we should all be sxl- diers. Our entire nation must form one army, and If domestic duties detain @ few round the family hearth, let them remain tike ers, musket or sword in hand. Fi ye enough to make a brave Italian a brave soldier. It is ‘an em! form that his merit will consist in. Look at the Zouaves. In their simple, easy dress, they are the first soldiers in the world. I remember once findin, myself, during my American campaign, in the midst of a vast plain, where neither from the interior nor from the sea bh which the enemy had blockaded, any of our wants could be suppliea. The berds of the piain were our only resource, their fi was our only nourishment, and their skins were our pre the heat of the noonday sun and our covering at night; and yet I assure you our ‘armed ‘only with the musket, performed p1 les of valor. We were the terror of the imperialists, and my few hundreds of brave men put to rout the enemy by thousands. But we, my friends, we want arms; and that thig want may exist no longer fin proposed that italy should form a subscription to purchase # million of muskets. be redressed. not Fern! ipso Seinen peo 6 ‘ba Elia, native of Ancona, was a simple sailor. at. tained his twent year when oe oe he Govino’ lleys then har he their ‘Thus interestingly, and much more than this, the Gen- eral spoke, but it would occupy too much of my space to give more. It was notan orator seeking to astonish hia auditors by eloquent periods, but a chief, an adored friend, in open-hearted converse with his faithful adherents, awakening in them sentiments of patriotism by the ro- cital of acta of heroism. But the hour of our departure was drawing nigh, and we were obliged to take leave of our kind entertainer and regain our carriages. We had not driven above a mile when tho carriage stopped before a small country church, before which stood @ priest, who in a low and humble voice invited us to enter his modest chapel. Neither my companions nor I could doubt the purpose of his invitation when he dis- tributed among us little coronets of fresh flowers, and conducted us to a recess by the altar, where we felt cer- tain reposed the ashes of Anita Garibaldi. We dropped our garlands and mingled our teara on the tomb, and after a few moments of silent but intense emotion we re- mounted our carriages and pursued our route to St. Al- berte, where we were again received with acclamations of joy and delight. We were soon afterwards met by the Marchese Rosa, who brought the General some despatches from Bologna, and our departure for that city was fixed for the morrow. Our journcy thither was a sories of ovations—gomo al- most frantic. At Lugo and Medicina these demons tions reached their climax. Horses were no longer ne- ceseary, Iehould never get to the end of my letter if I told half the mad pranks which wero performed around us. Suffice it to say that, amid the clanging of bells, the report of cannons and the blaze of illuminations, we at last reacbed our house at Bologua. Although Ihave already, I fear, exhausted your pa- tience, I cannot close without communicating to youa pro- ject which I hope will obtain your approval. Iam about to endeavor to raise a subscription in Nice and other places for the purpose of erecting a monument over the remains of the heroic Anita Garibaldi. Do you think you could do anything to aid me in this in England? If ‘my letter should be thought of sufficient interest to be insert- ed in one of your papers, perhaps this hint may find a response in some of those who read it, and thus afford mo a little help in the execution of the wish of the heart of your affectionate sister. MAZZINI APPROACHES TO A UNION WITH GARIBALDI. ‘Paris (Uct. 21) Correspondence of London Herald.} lazzini, ‘the veteran conspirator,” has forwarded 200 francs,to the subscription for the national armament, with the accompanying letter:— T send 200 francsas my contribution to the subscription propos- edpy General Garibaldl. T amsurethat all thosa who share iy political religion will hasten to follow my example. The name of Garibaldi is for me an assurance that these muskets will not be collected merely to defend the Cattolica, and the Mincis. The sacred principle of a united fatherland, wioluted by evry scheme which does mot comprenend the whole country {com the mountain range of the Zyrotta the Sicttian ae faith sen as Rather by poh rma are for us evervihing, Thia subscription m a bond of brotherhood to all Ltaflang, who mast at fength display. & manliness of purpose, and bid farewell to the indecorous twaddio of cowardly, optimists, who expect, to acblove Uberty and fatherland by a ive conference of foreign prince! f ‘JOSE MAZEINT. ‘The chief importance of this letter is contained in the fact that it will be followed by the adhosion of almost all the Mazzinian party, which, though neither numerous nor enjoying at the present moment mach credit in Italy, will, by following in the steps of the republican chief, afford an additional example of the duty which is incumbent on men of all classes and of all opinions, of sinking minor differences and of co-operating heartily for the attainmont of an object which is the #8 condition of all ulterior schemes of national regeneration. 1 thunion. sea, Prussia. THE MERTING OF THE PRINCE REGENT WITH THE O7AR. ‘A letter from Herlin, dated October 22, says:—Tho Prince Regent left Berlin this pening by express train for Breslau, accompanied by Prince Frederick William, Prince Albrecht (som), tho Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Minister of War, and many councillors of the Foreign Office, and varions officers of the Princo Regent's military staff, The Prince goes as far ag Ohlau to welcome tho Emperor of Russia, e Emperor will not touch the Austrian territory, nor is he likely to have an intervietw with the Emperor of Austria, a8 bas been reporte 1. The Emperor wil! leave Broslan in the night betwoon Monday and Tuesday, The Priuce Regent will leaye ou On | wt of his visit to the | loli, and that the | morning. A great political bearing is goacralig pepe Layee 24 aya despatch dated October 24, says:— ‘The Emperor of Russia arrived at Breslau yesterday morning at halt past nine o'clock, accompanied by the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weirar and the Priuce of Orauge. & grand reception took place at tho railroad station, Abolitionism in E: lend and its Bifects im the Colonk [From the London Times, Oct, 20.) * she 3 * * * * Sixty years before the frst roformed Parliament: a the negro emancipation bill the judgment of au Euglish court of law had set at hberty every slave who had trod- ee the soil of these isiands, From het the Ey lunthropy were wagessing and religion caine i as ‘The evangelical school of the last generation, with Wilberforce, Simeon, and othor earnest men at its head, were mainly busied about the wrongs of the ro. were ridiculed, abused and threatened, but still they y per: severed, and towards the close of their career they saw victory in the distance. At the bi of the present century they were only able to sealioh foe slave trade ‘because the planters cared little for the introduction of any more Africans; but after the peace their cause pros- weet ie Sue, Oe had such ne over See ‘wor $0 many writers ther adherents, they derived such strength Srom their with the jop-ful and enthusiastic Uideral- ‘ism of the day, that they were able to give up all concilia- tion of the planters, and carry ou with a hand tho slavcholding. During tect ag of gee rusade the owners of negroes were probably the best . Every was — and no set of ‘Moral hace pee complete without a fh yu avarice, sei creed pone lagamg » Sensuality, Then came emancipation, and with it the collapee of ‘West Indian enterprise. In tho- fess densely populated islands the newly enfranchised slaves left their work te “‘equat’’ on waste grounds, where they could ry dleness, which, like all barbarous races, they. the Seat of comare. Sugar became more expensive te g“ luce, while it was every day becoming cheaper in the glish market. Ruin seemed to stare every planter ia the face, and he be with reir bitterness iy the philanthropists w! destro} prosperity to gra- tify their own crotchets. The iuaniee Tepreseated, with pation, that their subjection to whites, if ithad not given’ them instruction, had yet af- forded 'the opportunity of imbibing the first lessons of oi- vilization, and that these were bein, the savuges who were basking in i wherever they could fiad a piece of waste ground. there were the sneers of Americans, who, impelled by fear of their own abolitionists, were anxious to prove the folly of England’s policy, and took every opportunity of contrasting the productiveness of Georgia, Lonisians or Cuba with the ruin of Jamaica. On the other hand the Eng- Ush abolitionists were in no good humor; they could not con- ceal from themselves that the negroes were very lazy and Sepsual, that their economical prophecies about increased production and the superiority of free labor had been fal- sified, and that a hard working and patriotic race of colo- nists had been made to suffer grievously for a more tham doubtful advantage to their laborers. ‘These convictions acted upon the philanthropic in the usual manner— namely, they made {t peevish and disputatious. No pro- | ductions show weaker arguments and. greater impatience than the speeches of the abolitionists for some years after emancipation, ani for a good reason—because they had to defend the immediate results of the measure, and to show that, as they had predicted, the colonies were prog- perous, and the negroes morally improved. Buta quarter ofa century is along time even in the life ofa nation. The men who confronted cach other im the great quarrel have passed away, and their childrea may deal with the question they argued without acri- mony or ill temper. A paper read by Mr. Stephen Cave, ©. P., before the Association for the Promotion of Social Science, seems to us to treat the matter in a spirit worthy of the present generation. We need not repeai his state- ments and reasoning, for which we refer our readers to the paper itself, but we may take the opportunity of re- curring to this important subject, which in these days of war and political anxiety is seldom mentioned, but which is full of moment for the future of the humane race. ‘What has been the result of the experiment tried in 1888? It may be answered, in the first place, hag BI in convortin; do what he likes with his own purchased slave. So mi has been ed, and we may say, without x from England the conviction that slavery is a crime hag passed to the Continent, and has induced ‘france and one or two of the minor States of Borge tommaicleatedase Atrican bondmen. This, theu, would be a great gain, but itis notall. The West Indixgisiands have sunk in relative importance to the mother country, and are now little thought of. This arises not so much from their decay ag from the growth of a stupendous empire which claims the attention of the home government. Since the days whem a Jamaica planter was the type of wealth and extravagance the great colonies of Canada and Australia may be said te have come into existence, India has been f quered, and the United States—a commercial, Political province of England—has ity. con nots ling thirty years . But juainted with the dens aware ‘of th improvement in manners and education wi and le. lived in promiscuous intercourse; while, as to their intel- lectual attainments, it must be remembered that reading tio cmanolpalion, ‘At prosent, through ies exertices of e be the exe! the English church and tho oct of Mothodists, instruction has become the colored children; im them an excessive , and it may be said the old race of colonists may civilization, os troth have been, understood in England, only com- Ves. , under slavery the lave’s too. So that where the legislators are owners, the abolition of slave is not likely to come for a long time. What we see aroun us confirms this theory. No doubt that slavery in the United States has extended, is extending, and will extend. Tt is remunerative, and as a8 it is 80, there is not the smallest chance for the abolitionists. Mr. Cave, with all his experience, only bids us trust inthe justice of our cause, and hope that a time willcome when conscience will be seconded by interest. That this period may soon arrive must be the earnest prayer of every Christian and philanthropist. The Great E: rn and Her Fature. LIVERPOOL OPINION OF THE BIG SHIP, [From the Liverpool Albion, Oct. 22.] It isa matter of indifference to the Liverpool public whether this ship goes to Southampton, Weymouth, or Cherbourg, to undergo the process of reconstruction. ‘The reason assigned should, however, be the true one—it is a railway job. The plea that there was not accommodation in the Mersey is capable of ample refutation. The Sloyne is ag safe as Southampton water, and the ship could be securely moored, head and stern, with springs attached to two anchors on cach quarter, and two before each beam, similar to the moorings of the Great Landing stage. It appears that the decks of the Great Eastern are 01 83¢-inch plank, and will have to be replaced with 4-in or doubled with 23-inch plank; her si oping, cabins aro wretched, dark, badly ventilated dens, and must all come down. In short, she is nothing more nor less than & ene imposture below, a fit sample of Thames ‘jerry’? uilding fixings, the whole demonstrating that jimited liability can coexist with unlimited folly aud extrava- gauce. These are the great characteristics of the Great Eastern. Liverpool or Clyde shipbuilders would never have turned out such work, (From the London Chronicle, Oct, 24.] of the aie With respect to the future movements it is of course impossible, after so many breaches of (tn, to Speak with Satin like certainty. It has been decided ‘to take the ship to utbampton, as being the mest con- venient plabe for completin, that are required, but it will be announced that some other port has been selected. ‘The party in the board who succeeded in upsctting the vious resolution have a ramme of future proceed- Ings, which includes visits to Gibraltar, Cadiz, Marseilles, Genoa and other Moditerranean }, 98 they appear to think that the mildness of a so Climate will be more favorable to the ship and to the interests of the com; than sipipanion the aa side ee the Atlantic. The} seem je of conceiving any othor pur; to whicl the great ship can be turned than that of exhibiting It, like Samson bound, to be made sport of by the Philistines, and to bring dollars and half crowns from visiters to the’ cof. fers of the foes omy ‘There is F party connected with the ship who, sat- ised in every reapect with its performance, are de- sirous, Rover soheeeee arenes, in developing the the idea of those by whom ft was originated and constructed. They aro anxious to cstab- lish a complete ocean line of communication between and and India and Australia, by means of vesscla similar in size and power to the Great Eastern. Up to the resent time tho limited sizo of ocean steamers, the largest. ing not more than 4,000 tons, with 800 horse power, has rendered it impossible, when secking high rates of speed, to carry fuel for more than a few days Cerin ne ant henee risen the necessity in long voyages of frequent stoppenes a Seats ee yt Re ‘small amount cA eft available for goods involves the necossi high tariffs of freights, fie attempts which haye been mado to use steam merely as an auxiliary power, when calms or contrary winds prevented rapid sailing, have given but the slightest possible epeed over fast sailing vessels. Proud as we may be asa nation of the fact that Wo possess almoxt the whole of the ocean steam naviga- tion—America not now having a single lino of ocoam steamers—we have obtained the monopoly only by moans of heavy annual subsidies and high rates of charges for Passengers and froight. ‘The results of tho trial trip of the great’ ship, incomplete th they are in some respects, have confirmed the opinion already very Keneralty ontertained, that increase of sigs, and more especially in the length of vessels, with equal motivo power, results in inercased speed and capacity, with diminished expense, while at the samo time the groatship has shown that vessels may be built of tron of any amouns of strength or size, ‘The atrength of the ebip was Losted in @ most remarkable manner at the time of tho bene 4 ing, when she remained for months resting only armies Fupport of the two cradles near her centre. ror Bl <4 the cominencement of the Great Kastorn, improvemons have been made in naval engineoring, wwuleh, oe other ships of the same character, woul moro Important and satisfactory resaits than those already achloved—such, for fustanee, as the use of stect 1a CoMsh ugioa of buacee, 43 well A ia ag Bulls of ghips,and the few remaining fitti ‘not excite surprise iit should