The New York Herald Newspaper, October 15, 1859, Page 4

4 reparation, and he thinks that the ambassador should Rive travelled as a peaceable individual un fer the sanction ‘of a Chinese passport and the guardianship of C inos0 at tendanta, Corvettes and gunboats aro wampialons oepomm: paniments of @ mission, aud when the Chinese ss coming, oF anticipated thoir approach, it was bas sale to fortity the river, aud use all tho resouroos of warfare when the forcing of the passag® was threatened. How should we like it if the French Emporor sent M. do Per- Signy to Plymouth with a squadron of mon.of-war And-forced the cntrance of the harbor? This is the Kind of reasoning which is always heard on such occasions, and it is So transparentiy fallacious that we Should hardly consider it worthy of refutation did not exporience demonstrate Its success on a groat number of exbtis. In the first place, then, it may be said that a na- tion like the Chinese, who have isolated themselves from. the beginning of time, and who notoriously have beon in tho habit of seizing and putting to death strangers entering their territory, cannot be justly compared with England or ‘any other civilized community. To compare an embassy w China avd an embassy to England is simply absurd. Mr. Bruce must go to Pekin under British protection, or notat all, Doubtless the Imperial Court might be trusted to abstain fromall violence when he was actually in the capi- tal, but the disturbed state of the country, and the prac- tice of permitting subordinate Governors to fnsult the <parbarians”” as long as they can do it with impunity, were sufficient reasons for every precaution. Into the de- tails of the catastrophe we shall not uow enter. It is enough to say tbat the Chinese, who knew the peaceable nature of the mission, bad evidently made beforehand the most extensive preparations for an attack, and there és not the slightest reason for supposing that the events of the 28d of June were the sudden impulse of alarm or in- dignation. THE NORTHWESTERN BOUNDARY DISPUTE. British Opinion of the American Claim to San Juan Island—John Bull Again in Bad Temper. [From the Loudon Post (government organ), Sept. 28.) It appears to be the fate of England and the United States always to have some unfortunate quarrel on hand. At the commencement of the century the ‘British Orders in Council’ and “impressment”’ ied to a sanguinary and unnecessary war, the results of which were not very glorious to either belligerents. Since then disputes have occurred between the two countries with respect to the following matiers:—The acquisition of Cuba, when the Monroe doctrine was first announced; the Maine and Oregon boundaries, the Caroline affair, the foreign enlist- t question, the Bay Islauds sovereignty, and the interpretation of the —Bulwer-Clayton Convention, Central America generally, and, last of all, that chronic cause of irritation, the’ attempted exercise of the right of search by this country in time of peaco. Fortunately for the happiness of the World, all these dis- putes have been settled by diplomacy, but at times the two countries have been on the very brink of war. Iu the winter of 1839 Sir Alan Macnab ciit out from the Ame- rican territory and destroyed the American steamboat Caroline, which then piratically engaged in carrying arms and ammunition to (ie rebels on Navy Island. “The intelligence of this exploit caused an amount of excite- ment throug iS which the federal govern. ment had Again, in 1846, President Poik, in lis first s, coolly recommended the people of the United States to go to war if Eag- land did not at once settle the Oregon boundary according t the views of the Cabinet at Washington. We mention these two instances of threatened hosti- Jities for the purpose of showing that the proceedings of General Harney on the coast of the North Pacific, though offensive, violent and opposed to public law—uniess formally adopted by Mr. Buchanan—ought not to lad to a complication which diplomacy will find itself any mare un able toarrange than the many angry disputes of which we have just given a catalogue. We have a very strong suspi cion that the forcible seizure of the island of San Juan is to be attributed to the folly and precipitancy of the person who lately acted as United States Commissioner in British Columbia. We allude t0 Mr. Nugent, who, from the tine of bis landing in the colony, has endeavored to foment discord between the British authorities and the American emigrants. This gentleman, it is said, advised Harney to settle the question by force, and thus to set at deflapce the instructious of the head of the Ameri- can executive, who, in 1855, in reference to this very boundary dispute declared—‘The title ought to be settled before either party should exclude the other by force,” and then expressed his hope that “by a concilia- tory and moderate course on both sides, all difficulties would be avoided until an adjustment of the boundary line gould be made in a manner mutually satisfactory.” At the present time, as we have repeatedly stated, the English and United States Commissiouers have drawn the line to the coast of the Pacftic, and the only question which remains to be determined is, whether the line through the middle of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's Island is the Canal de Haro. on the west of San Juan, or the Straits of Vancouver, or St. Rosalie, to the east of that island. Upon this point the commissioners cannot agree. What, then, is ibe course which has heen taken by the American au- thorities? ‘The island of San Juan has been seized and taken from the possession of the Hadson’s Bay Company under the pretence of protecting American settlers from the attacks ‘of the Indians. We have no hesitation in saying that a more and wholly unjustifiable outrage than the recent act of General Harney was never committed reignty and dignity of afriendly Power. 7 of the proceeding is truiy astonishing. The British fleet on the coast is powerful enough to settle the dispute by a few broadsides. Governor Douglaes and Admiral Baynes are fortunately men of great prudence and firmness. Whilst asserting the rights of England they do not wish to pro- voke a conflict which would be sure to be misunder- stood in the United States, even if Mr. Buchanan should bave the moral courage to declare that the seizure of the island by General Harney was au act the justice and lawfulness of which he could notsupport. Mr. Buchanan, it must be remembered, nogotiated the treaty of 1846; he is therefore well acquainted with the subject, and it cannot be supposed that during the pendency of an inquiry as to this last portion of the boundary—a matter which, if the commissioners on the spot cannot settle, the two cabinets must in some shape or other manage to ar- range—such experienced statesmen as Mr. Buchanan and General Cass will now sanction the rash and insutting pro- ceedings of General Harney. The following remarks will describe the value of the island of San Juan to the respec- tive countries:—To the United States the island is really useless except for purposes of annoyance, eyesore and impediment;’’ whilst to Great Britain “it is," we are told, “of the first importance. It is the key to the Gulf of Georgia. It commands the narrow channel through ww alone British Columbia and the inner coast of Vancouver's Island can be approached. We require fit to give us a right of access, ingress aud egress to our own possessions, unmolested by another Power. Both Vancouver’s Island and British ‘Colambia had better be given up if we part with San Juan; for a fortification on this island would command our western passage to Fraser river.” he Americans calculate too much and too constantly upon the forbearanes of England. ‘We trust that this dispute, like so many others which have preceded it, will be settled by diplomacy. If, unfortu- nately, the result should be otherwise, we equally trust that England will take every step to vindicate the national honor and dignity, and to show that not a foot of her ter- ritory shall be fliched from her, either to gratify Ameri- can cupidity or to appease American bluster. Our trans- atlantic cousins had better watch the progress of Russian power in the Paci and best customers—the people of England. [From the London Times, Sept. 29.] ‘We are so accustomed to territorial disputes with the American people, in which Englishmen can hardly be brought to take an interest, while their adversaries give play to all the excitement peculiar to them, that we can ardly be surprised at the course h the so-called San Juan dispute has taken. The American papers, and per- haps the American government, will judge of the course most advantageous to themselves by the tone of public opinion in England. It is to be feared that the people of this country, immersed in the vortex of European politics, will treat the San Juan question as they have treated many others, and that the Cabinet of Wash- ington fwill’ find the apathy of British opinion an excellent ally in dealing with a British Minis- ter. Jt is with no wish to sow dissension between kindred nations, or to be wanting in that courtesy which characterizes modern politics, that we ex- press a hope that on this question the government of Great Britain will be found true to itself, and to those hardy and trusting adventurers who, under the suj the British flag, have spread themselves over the globe. We are totally unsuccessful in concealing from the world that the habitual practice of the English government in yield- ing to every demand of the American government, aud every usurpation of American enterprise, tends to lower ‘the esteem in which the name of Britain is held, and the effect on the dependencies of the English crown is far ‘more important than any notion which may be encou- raged in the minds of Frenchmen or Russians. The fact is that the government aud people of the United States, by concentrating their whole power and all the ve- hemence of their disposition on the politics of their own continent, have been able to win advantages over the mother country, which, however little they may be felt at heme, are not without the very greatest effect on the subjects of the British crown in North America. There may be something radically wrong in the relation which the colonies of this country bear to the parent State. They may be suckers and not foe’ ofl by more than one disciple of the Manchester school. ere may be no reason why we, the inhabitants of an island on the northwestern shores of Europe, should trou- ble ourselves with the concerns of a few islets at the dis- tance of so many thousand miles; but as long as we pre- tend to the supremacy over a great empire—as at Cala Ghd Grebe ond British Columbia look up to the of own, and armies—as lone as we send out overnors and secretaries, generals and regiments—so are we bound to support the national ig oe on the shores of the Pacific as much as if the French Emperor ha declared war against us, and were fighting for the leadership Europe. With reaper to the right to the island of San Juan we are not here called upon to pronounce dogmatically. The evidence, to our thinking, inclines strongly in favor o England. There can be no doubt that the ‘channel’ which was used in 1846, the period of the treaty, was one which placed the island under the dominion of Great Britain. The claim of tho Americans arises from the fact ‘that since that time another channel has been used by steamers, and bas become equally well known with the former, But that the question to be what was the channel within the meaning of the treaty of 1846 is plain ent However, the dispute is like another dispute— ene to be settled by negotiation where 9 fle Measurement and legal interpretation have failed. Jt is the act of General Harney, of the United States army, which has caused the | great complication in this matter. This officer, not content to allow ‘matters to remain in the same ‘state as during the last ‘thirteen years, or even to wait while the question was re- Seas aes eee Ba) coveroments, thought proper to take ry ion of the island, and to issue a proc: israntioo esabihing the law of the United States’ and commanding payment of the regular customs Tovied st the ports of the republic. ft appa mas ities Americans, in their usual manner, had b. their undoubted right to the island and th tion to ocoupy it, and that Governor Douglass, with,the no Jess characteristic moderation of English uthoritite. bet ‘been holding back from making anything nore than a verbal claim. At last, however, the intentions of the Americans were no longer ia doubt. 'y laid in large gmpplies, and collected materials for building barracks gad constructing __fortitlrations ; hod encouraged squatters to occupy the island; and finally a number of no talking of r determina 2 ¢ than quarrel with their best friends | Amorican troops were landed, with a large quantity of ammunition, while reinforcements were seut fr from Oregon, and wherever else restless spirits inight be found wiling to embark in the enterprise of ousting the Britisher {vom @ portion of bis territory. ‘The moderation of the iUsh anthorities evidently arose from po fear of the su force of their adversaries, for tay crows of the Of war on the station would have beon q ‘ush the few troops whieh General Harw ihe island, But the temper of the government at home 1s so uncertain, and the tendency to underestimats these American disputes is So strong, that a man in oitlce might Jowell bo afraid to call upon tho military or naval authorities to assist him against a presuming enemy Governor Douglass, in the true style of a colonial nuthority, endeavored ‘to avoid a collision.” Ho mght have removed the Americans from San Juan, and bold that “temporary possession” during oliations which the Americans now boast; but the fear of the Colo: nial Secretary for the timo boing was before his eyes, and he thought it better to confine himself to a well-written protest, which probably his opponents laughed at The American officer who has committed this act was induced probably by the expectation that it would make him great. Harrison, Jackson aud Taylor were caised to the Presidency by their warlike exploits. The com- mander who rescued a Hungarian some yours sice from an Austrian brig would probably have been started for the same high office if Le had only taken the precau- tion of firing into his enemy. What question, then, that if Harney had been superior in an encounter with the Britishers, he would have been sure of some great position in his native State, if not in the councils of the federation? Governor Douglass has proba- bly deprived the bold commander of his merited reward by not sending against San Juan a force so small that it could have been readily repulsed, aud lott the gallant American free to give a glowing narrative of his beilliaut exploit. We have every reason to hope that President Buchanan—a man of sense and judgment—will see the necessity of treating this subject in a proper manner, and leaving the Pacific boundary between the two nations to the decision of diplomacy. “We cannot suppose that the Americans, however elated at their presumed victories over the English on American questious, will think themselves powerful enough to withstaud the argu- ments that could be brought against thom, if Eng- land, peaceful eaough while the semblance of legality is observed, were to learn that the republic was disposed neither to recede nor negotiate. No kind of boasting or hectoring is, we hope, likely to have auy ef- fect on the government of this country. Wo have yielded more than we ong on many American questiens, simply because the public opinion of the country cannot be en- listed in these paltry dispates while the destinies of the world are being decided at our doors. But there has pro- bably never yet been an instance of a spot in dispute be- tween the two nations which has been violently seized by one of them on the sole responsibility of an inferior offi- cer. Such an act requires am mation from the govern- ment at Wasinaiet and dowdtless “Mr. Buchanan will at once lare that General Harney acted with- out his sanction, and that the position of matters has been in no way changed by this appeal to main. fo: or the island itself we know nothing, nor can we believe that tho possession of it is of much value to cithor party, though it is certainly worth more to us than it can be to the Americans. But the seizure is obviously only the ex- pression of a feeling Which exists among the Ameriean authorities and settlers in those parts. They believe that audacity and assumption will prevail over justice and moderation, and that, Evgland being too much bound up in the manufacture of America’s staple fabric, Englishmen will be afraid to avenge any indignity. To put an end to such notions is the bounden duty of a State like ours; and, though we should deprecate as strongly as any one any approach to an unfriendly attitnde, we think it the duty of the British government to support its rights, undeterred by the bravado of an ambitions officer. {From the London News, Sept. 29.] There is more than a sense of the inconvenience of war in the apprehensions which reports such as we have late- ly received from San Juan inspire. It is impossible not to feel that the credit of our common race is impaired whon either country betrays an inclination to appeal to brute force rather than to rational modes of redress. England and America are sufficiently opposed to each other in particular interests to give them an opportunity of demonstrating in their mutual intercourse the value and force of the principles which distinguish them from the otber nations of the world. are free, both Pro- testant, both have deliberately chosen the ways of peace. ful industry. It behoves the governments of both to justify” their proud position by frowning on violence and war. Both can aiford it. Each respects the valor of the other. We know that the Americans will not suffer affront, and they kuow that we shall not intentionally offer it. On the other hand, they know full well that no English Ministry couli stand’ for a day if it showed an inclination to sacrifice the national honor to any nation under heaven. What woighty reasons, then, are there for avoiding every foolish demonstration of force, as if eith r nation could be deterred from as- serting its rights. For more than pf years we havo been settling with the ernment of the United States now this and now that boundary line between the posses- sions of the two Powers. Having hitherto succeeded in peaceably adjusting all disputes of this kind, we have at Jength arrived at the last, and we havea right and wo believe every reason to expect that this San Juan question will yield like the rest to the reasonable and conciliatory treatment of the statesmen of the two countries. TTALIAN AFFAIRS. Napoleon’s New Italian Manifesto— Prince Napoleon Net to Have a Throne. {From the Paris Moniteur, Sept. 28.] Some a journals have stated that the solution of he affairs of Italy would be impeded by the desire of the Emperor of the French to found a kingdom in Italy for a prince of his house. These rumors do not need refutation. To deprive them of all value it suffices, without speak- ing of the engagements entered into at Villafranca, to bring to recoliection the acts and the words of the Emperor Napoleon before and since that epoch. tga the London Times, Sept. 30. At last the oracle has spoken. After a preternatural silence of several wecks, the Potentate whose will sways the destinies of Europe has pronounced on the solemn question whether a French prince is to succeed the late Austrian satraps in the government of Central Italy. The manifesto in the Moniteur will be a severe blow to the hopes of Napoleon Jerome’s partisaus. That the prince has a party who have worked hard to create a throne to place him on is beyond a doubt, and it would be too great confidence in human virtue to believe that the imperial cousin himself has been without some hope of more exalted rank, or has been perfectly free from all in- terference in the matter. Indeed, the solution of the Ita- lian difficulty , by placing the prince on the throne of Tas- cany, Modena and Parma, has been likely enough ever since the Italians showed Such antipathy to their fugitive rulers, and the indignation of the world was so much ex- cited by the spectacle of an unnecessary war ending in an incomplete and almost inglorious peace. We have pot the smallest doubt that Napoleon Ifl., when he agreed to conditions of peace at Villafranca, was perfectly sincere in bis determination to restore the Dukes. What may have been the secret springs of action which pro- duced this astonishing campromise no man can say. The stubborn resistance of th® Austrians, the strength of tho fortresses, the unconcealed displeasure of England, the | open hostility of Germany, even personal w the intense heat of the weather, may have had something to do with it. Bot from all we learn of this event it would seem that the French Emperor was really and truly desirous to be quit of the war, and that he accepted the restoration of the Dukes as he accepted the retention by Austria of the fortresses and of Venico—because the Kai- ser would not yield on these points. Still there seems much reason to suspect that the plan of providing a throne for Prince Napoleon had been con- sidered prior to the war. It is well known that from the earliest period of the year—from the time when the Em- peror made his hasty address to M. Hubner—the Prince was the open and avowed champion of the war. His par- tisans were loud on the necessity of trampling on the treaties of 1815; of establishing the nationality of Italy, or rather of driving out the Austrians, for it did not appear whether delivered italy was to be left entirely to herself. Then came the hasty mar- riage between the Prince and the daugkter of Victor Emanuel. It is idle to say that there wae nothing personal in this alliance, that the Prince only represented France, and that the union was only a drawing | closer of the bonds which linked together the policies of | the Emperor and the King. Neither sovereigns nor | States in the present day require these family ties to in- | sure the stability of alliances which are cemented by a common interest, France and Sardinia would C) | equally fought side by side had neither Napoleon Jerome nor Clotilde ever existed; and we doubt whether one Frenchman or Sardinian in ten thousand ever thinks on the marriage as in any way increasing the friendship of | the two nations. But to Prince Napoleon himself the ad- vantages were obvious. By marriage with an Italian | Princess he became, according w the easy code of royal | naturalization, an Italian sufficiently to govern any part of | the Peninsula which might be in search of a sovereign. | At the time it will be remembered that the future eleva- tion of the husband of Princess Clotilde was hardly doubted, and the only question was whether Lombardy and Venetia were to be united under his sceptre, or whether his throne was to be placed on the banks of the Amo. * #® * * * * ‘Still the Prince had not lost all chance. The Dukes had fied from Florence and Modena, and the poor Duchess of 2. Parma was expelled by the subjects of her son. The in- terview at Villafranca might have been expected to end in some stipulation in favor of the cousin who would have fought so bravely, and who only wanted an opportunity; but at Villafranca Napoleon Jerome was never mentioned, or was mentioned only to be put aside. The dukes wera to be restored, if not by French and Austrian bayonets, at least by the advice and moral suasion of the two Em- perors. What chance, then, was there for the Prince? But Soon it appeared that the Tuscans and their countrymen would not have their fugitives back at all, and that they were determined to place a throne at the disposal of soma worthy aspirant. The hopes of the Palais Royal again | rose high. Who so likely to be chosen for the throne of | Central Italy as the Pritice who went out to fight for it? But again fortune frowned. The Italians, with that want of consideration and gratitude which distinguishes the: still clung to the notion of an united Italy. They would have nothing to say to French Prince, but unanimously. | prees their allegiance to the Sardinian monarch. overoome this obstinacy has been the task of the Prince’s partisans for several wveks past. But the determination of the Italians is too strong, and the engagements at Villafranca are too bind. ing. The result is, that now the claim of Prince Napoleon is definitively quashed by the French Emperor. decision is, no doubt, a right one, and will not diminish the prestige of Napoleon Ill. There can be no doubt that to place Prince Napoleon on the throne of Flo- ries ee mistake in the present state of Italy and Present temper of the Italian people. ‘That he is a man of considerable ability may be true, and it is probable he would make a fair sovereign. Bat Italy requires unity, and , at least, though opposed to the of European peace, are anzious thal the pre. tent sity should not be lost, but that there shoul be an Italy which both France and Austria may respect. Wt is hard, indeed, to see in what way such a solution may by reached, but it ig cartainly not to be attained through the sovereignty of a French Prince, [From the London Post, Sept. 29.) Our Paris correspondent, quoting advices from Rome, describes the Papal troops as waiting for reinforcemonts, which the Pontifleate is begging with an eagerness which he Pontificate alone knows how to display. Roms has NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 1 lately conchuled a very suspicious concortat with Spain; an bas not tha’ try gone Lo War elsewhere, no one conl attirm in what d 18 government inight not surro) tiously barter arms for blessings. Money, however, will always make mercenaries; ant both tho one an’ the other the Pope aud the Dako of Modena will no doubt ob tain. in Juetas cheap for Austria to pay ten thoasint Modenese Austria durst reeun hooulites while Te Her object, therofore, 18 to g Bnporor Napoleon's army, if possible; aud while sho cauuot at tain it, to foster the victory of her canse andor other standards. On the other haud, the national army of Italy is concentrated around Rimini; it is understood to amount to full forty thousand men, inclusive of somo scattered corps. Many of these troops have already seen war in its sternest shapo; they are well commanded, and are an- imated by the most ardent patriotism. It is there, how: ever, that the first blow scoms likely to be struck; and Auatria, with one hundred and fifty thousand mon be- tween the Mincio and the Adriatic, is awaiting the issue, by which her courage probably will either be neryed or broken, We earnestly sympathise with the designs of the Provisionary Italian Goveruments to settle their com- stitution on free and monarchial principles; but we urge thom to look, above all things, to the security of their military position from surprise by any upoxpected aug- ‘Mmentation of Pontifical forces, for it is on the success wit which the first onset may be met that much of the future must turs. elaine IMPORTART FROM GERMANY. Reform in Austria—Rescript of the Em- rr peror. [Vienna }. 26) Correspondence of the London Times. Mar eokanh Wane of this day contains aed Pperial rescript which is likely to ye @ favorable im- pression on the Austrian public. contents of the do- cument, which is addressed to the ‘Minister of State and Conference,’”’ Count Hartig, are in substance as follows: — In an autograph letter of the 28th of May I expressed my resolve to have the propnnitions made in regard toa reform inthe system of direct taxation subjected toa strict examination, and at the same time directed you to draw up a plan for the formation of Commission (‘Im- mediat Commission”) whose duty it should be to take the matter in hand. Your project having met with my ap- proval, | appoint you to be Presideut of the Commission, the difficult and important duty of which will be to make those improvements in the system of taxation which the changes in the condition of the empire and the necessities of the ‘State appear to render necessary; 80 that the public bur- dens may be as equitably distributed as possible, and the method of collecting the taxes simpler and less expensive. The Chevallier Francis you Kalchberg, tho chief of a section in the Finance Department, is to have the direction of the operations of the Committee, with one referendary from the Ministry of Fivance and ono from the Ministry of the Interior to assist bim in his labers. In additien to the President, Director of Operations, and the two rafe- rendaries, the ‘Immediat Commission,” which is. to have acter of a “Legislative Special’ Commission,” is to be composed of two representatives of the Counoll of the Empire, of two representatives of the Ministry ofthe In- terior, and of eight representatives of the taxpayers. ‘The members of the Commission taken from’ the class of taxpayers are—William Eder, the Abbot of the Bene- dictine Convent at Melk; the Chevalier von Kraiaski, a member of the estates; Counts George Andrassy, George Festeties and Albert Nostitz; the Chevalier you Seiller, Burgomaster of Vienna; the Chevalier yon Gredler, J. J. Dr., and Dr. Charles Peiutinger, President of the Chamber of Gommeree and Senior of the’ Radmeister Guild. All the clerks required are to be supplied by the Fi- nancegDepartment. In order that the Special Commission may be able satisfactorily to perform its important dut! the ministries, central organs and provincial authoritie are hereby directed to afford all the information and as- sistance that may be required. Copies of this autograph letter haye been forwarded to the Archduke Reignier, President of the Council of the Empire, and to the Ministers of the Interior and of Fi- nance. FRANCIS JOSEPH. ‘Laxennvra, Bept. 7, 1859. THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GERMAN CONFEDERA- TION—AUSTRIAN OPINION ON PRUSSIA'S LEAD. The Neue Preussische Zeitung publishes the text of a despatch addressed by the Austrian goverument to Count Traun, the Austrian Minister at Dresden:— VimsxA, Sept. 4, 1859, Among the many party programmes ‘which have re- cently discussed the transformation of the German Con- federation into a parliamentary federal State, under the leadership of Prussia, there is one which struck us par- ticularly therein. The demand of the exclusion of Ans- tria from reconstituted Germany is particularly insisted upon, This declaration, published at Gotha, manifests, in fact, with startling frankness the desire of a woll known party who style themselves the national party, that in future in its relations with Germany the German Imperial State shall ba paced, exactly on the same footing as Denmark and the Netherlands. But later we saw, not without sin- cere regret, that his Highness the Duke of Saxe Coburg Gotha not only received a deputation which handed him the programme with an address, but that he replied in words of assent and encouragement, without making any reservations. The Imperial government respects every sincere con viction, but the words spoken at Gotha by princely lips do not come within the precincts of free individual opinions, but concern an ensemble of most positive and most impor- tant and hice errr His Highness Duke Ernest himself must be perfectly aware that the object, the ac- @omplishment of which is aimed at by the formation of a pretended new national party, by meaus of elements taken from the democratical party and from that of Gotha, contains the absolute denial of relations founded on treaties which exist between His Apostolic Majesty and the other princes of the German confederation, and consequently also with the Duke of Saxe Coburg; and that therefore any approval or assistance given to the efforts of that party is equivalent to a renunciation of the Federal pact. The Imperial government has consequently the right, but it thinks that it is still more its patriotic duty, to protest, while yet time, and energetically, as it does by these pre: sents, against the act by which ‘his Highness the Duke has expressed his sentiments. It has at heart the welfare of the common German country, and it cannot forget that the lamentable errors of that’ same party, which now boasts of an approval from a high quarter, banded over Germany not very long since to great commotions and to the danger of civil war, a danger from which she was not saved by narrow-minded and short-sighted constitutional doctrines, but by the nable Ger- man sentiments of our Emperor and master, and by the ‘> ion and love of peace of the twogreat German ower’. Conformably with the intentions of his Majesty the Em- peror, I beg your Excellency to be careful to sce that when’a copy of this despatch is left with the Minister of State of the Duke, or in such manner you may deom beat, his highness the Duke may not be left in ignorance of the observations which precede, and especially the re- servations of right which it contains. RECHBERG. PROCEEDINGS OF THE MUNICH CONFRRENCE. It is said that in the recent conference at Munich between the Ministers of Bavaria, Saxony and Wurtemberg, they renewed the Convention of the 27th of February, 1850, relative to the revision of the federal constitution. The following are its chief provisio 1. The diplomatic representation of Germany in its ge- neral relations with foreign Powers, without prejudice to the right reserved to each State to send a special repre- ision as to peace or war. 3, Command in chief of the federal army. 4. The supreme control of their common customs and commercial affairs, &c. The Confederation comprises among its organs the federal government, the national Parliament, awd the fed The federal government shail con: rs, named by Austria, Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony. Wurtemberg, Hanover and the two Hesses; its seat shall be at Frankfort. The national representation shall be composed of 300 members, of whom Austria, Prussia and the other States collectively shall send each’100 members. It may be remembered that the dravght of this conven- tion was the work of M. Vonder Pfordten, the Bavarian Minister. INTERESTING FROM SPAIN. Preparations for War with Mexico—The English Zealous for Gibraltar—Feeling in Paris and Madrid. The Spanish government is stated to have declined the mediation of England in the dispute with Morocco. A semi-official journal of Madrid denies that any con- vention exists between France and Spain, relative to Mo- rocco, and asserts that Spain will settle her own quarrels with Morocco, Paris (Sept. 28,) correspondence of London Times.) it is quite natural that the English Government should watch attentively the important preparations making by Spain for hostile operations against the subjects of a Power with whom we are on good terms, and whose ter- Titories are so immediately in the vicinity of our posses- sion of Gibraltar, Equally natural is it that the appear- ance of a British naval force in those waters should ex- cite mistrustful comment among Spaniards, whose natural character is jealous and snsceptible, It must be borne in mind that the Spanish military preparations are on rather an important scale; according to the detailed list of the expeditionary corps it amounts to up- wards of 15,000 men, with a reserve that would raise it to 80,000 ; and, although we need not apprehend that even that foree, under the valiant General who won jaurels at Viealvaro, would risk a coup de main on Gibral- tar, its assemblage in that nekhborhood might, perhaps, ‘be taken to explain the presence of a few British ships in the Straits. If the Spaniards are desirous of illustrating their arms by a tilt against their old antagonists the Moors rendering at the same time a service to European commerce by stopping Ritflan piracy—nobody, one would think, would be disposed to thwart them. At the same time, if a friendly Power offered to procure them, by me- diation, the fulfilment of the sole material object of their enterprise, and #0 to save them the expenditure of blood and money, such overtures ought to be received rather with gratitude than a cause of offence. [From the Paris Dobats, Sept. 28.] Tthas been loudly protested that it has no ambitions views and does not seek conquest; but it is indisputable thatthe step taken by Spain will increase her influence in those parts, and, whatever may be the moderation civi- lized Powers impose on themselves in such matters, we know well enough, by ancient and by recent examples, that when chastiaise barbarians one may find himself ted on, in spite of hinmelf, to conquer them. The intentions of Spain were no sooner known thay un- just distrust manifested itself inQEngland. We say unjust, ‘Hecause it is impossible to j by legitimate motives the ill humor which the conduct of Spain inspires in the Brit- igh government. It is not attributing to that ifl humor a reason acceptable to Europe to say that ‘it is important for the of Gibraltar that Spain should not be mare ‘solidly in Morooco.”’ Tt will not be easy to per- auade anybody that {t is the duty of Spain to sacritles the security of her African and the honor of her fing to the security of Gibraltar, if it be important for Gibraltar, which wm are wry little disposed to believe, that Ceuta and Molilla shoald be at the mercy of the Moors, and that no sentinel should be able to show himself on their fortifications without being made a mark for a musket ball, we understand that England may see with a certain displeasure the preparations of Spain against Morocco, But such displeasure is of a class that people generally conceal, because they cannot color it with apy reason ayowable in the eyes of qhe world. It roquires, indeed, surprising frankness and coolnss to say, “7 Wi)! that Sueh & pation should remain weal ant Should pot revenge itself on barbarians, bocauss | possess in {18 country a fortress which would, perhaps, lose part of its value if that nation gained in’ power.” Such 18, bevert + tho langage of apart of tho Bagtish press tive the English government can put forward in this affair This tine, however) the thorough right is so clear, the oppression of the weak by the strong. wonld. bo ih a scapda}, that we should think we wore doing an injury $0 tho British government by supposing it had the toast in tention of embasrassing Spain’s liberty of action with re spect to Morocco, It has offored its gsoi offlees, ad't has bucked the offer by the presence of a flvet, bat Weare por. suaded that it will not go further, and that, its good offices once declined, if they are to be so, its daot will romain a mere spectator of the events that may bo aocomalished. Lot Spain continue to maintain hor right with moderation and with firmness. Whatever may hay she may reckon in these circumstances on the pets ie of Europe and the sympathy of France, (From the Paris Patrie, Sept. 28.) It appears that Morocco, pressed by the Spanish govern- ment, has asked for a delay to examine the claims mado upon it, [tis not known whother the Madrid Cabinet will rant the requester the new Emperor, M. Mon has just eft for Biarritz, and his visit to tssaid to hav: sumething lo do with the complications may be produced Uy events in Morocco. NEWS FROM RUSSIA, Intended Explorations im the Caucasus— Railroads and Commerce=The Capture of Schamyl. St. Petersburg was the scene of great festivities on the 8th of September, on which day the Grand Duke, now Cezarewitch Nicholas Aloxandrowitsch, attained his ma- jority and took the oaths of allegiance to the Emperor and to the country, All the Hinde apartments of the Winter Palace were thrown open, and all the high officials, digni- taries, civil aud military, the clergy, &c., were invited to witness the ceremony. Shortly after three o’clock the chapel was thrown open, the corps bes gs entering first. Tho Emperor led the Grand Duke up tothe altar, where, in @ firm yoice, he took the usual oaths, kissing the cross held by the Metropoliian Bishop. He was then warmly embraced by the Emperor and Empress, Sal- voes of artillery and from the church steeples an- nounced the event to the population. In the evening St. Petersburg was brilliantly illumi- nated. A letter from St. Petersburg in the Messager du Midi says:— rier the complete submission ef all the tribes of East- ern Caucasus the Russian government will redouble its eflorts to explore the country; to construct a railway which shail unite the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Aral; to form commercial establishments in tho principal towns of ancient Transoxiana, which the Persians and the Arabs call “the Garden of the Eurth;” to take possession of all the means of communication in the. Khapats of Khiva, Bokhara and Kokhand, and to extend its commercials re- lations as far as Uppor India. The Russians already carry their merchandise on the Volga and Caspian Sea as far as Balfa, and they afterwards send their goods by land to the northeast by Sari, Boustoum and Bokhara, and to the cast by Herat, Candahar, Hisny and Cabul.” Since the definitive installation of the English in the Indian Penin- sula the enterprising spirit of the English merchants has entered into competition, with the activity of the Russian traders. In consequence of the formation of lines of rail- way asfar as the Indus, and the introduction of steam navi gation on that river, Russian commerce has been driven to the north. The railways now allow English merchanilise to penetrate beyond the frontiers of Affghanistan without adding much to their cost, and thus to enter into a compe tition, very injurious to Russian commerce, in the markets of Bokhara and Khiva. itis this state of things which the Russian government is_ desirous of putting an end to. Ivis doubtless a difficult thing to struggle with Kuglish interests, but it is not impossible. Russia has already commenced the construction of a railway trom Moscow to Saratof, and is actively engaged in improving steam navigation on the Caspian. ‘The war in the Caucasus being now almost at an end, the government will be able to direct all its activity to Central Asia, and the more so as the inhabitants of the steppes of the Kirghese and the ‘Tarcomans, who inhabit the south of the Caspian, have for the last century past called for the protection of Rus- sia against the oppression of the iuhabitants of Khiva. ‘The capital necessary to construct the railway to unite the Caspian to the Sea of Aral, aud to improve the navi- tion of the rivers Amoor and Syr-Caria, will readily be found in Russia; and then, by the constraction of for- tresses along the 264 wersts (five eighths of a mile each’ which separates the Caspian from the Aral, Russia will acquire a sovereign influence over the petty States of Cen- tral Asia, and the commerce of England with India will be greatly intertered with. THE RUSSIANS IN THE CAUCASUS. CAPTURE OF SCHAMYL—HIS SURRENDER AND ACTION TOWARDS THE RUSSIAN GENERAL—OPERATIONS OF THE CZARS AND THEIR PROGRESS IN THE EAST, ETC. The St. Petersburg correspondent of the Nord gives the following details respecting the capture of this famous Circassian chief, the correctness of which he vouches for. After describing the plan of attack which had been ar- ranged or. Prince Bariatinski, the account proceeds:— ‘Th ee t was one of the most desperate character, but the Murides, placed between two fires, saw that resistance or flight was equally impossible. Out of 400 men who formed the garrison of Gounib, 47 only remained alive. Schamyt shut himself up in one of the habitations which were cut into the rock. The plateau was covered with corpees. We lost 100 men. When Prince Bariatinski ar- rived on the plateau he stopped the firing, and, address. ing Schamyl, summoned him to surrender. The Imaum, appearing at an aperture which had been made in the rock, asked in what condition he was required to yiold. “Leave your retreat unconditionally,” replied the Com- mander-in-Chief, He who had been our bitterest enemy for so many years then came forth. “Are you Schamyl?’’ asked the Prince. “Yes,” replied the Imaum. ‘Then your life is spared and tbe will retain your wives and pro- perty. But I shall send you to St. Petersburg to-morrow, and your fate must flnally depend on the will ofthe Em Peror, my august master.” Schamy!] bent his head without uttering a word. The General then said, “I waited a long time for you at Tibis; Ihoped you would come of yourself and make your submission, but you forced me to come here in search of you.” en turning to Lieutenant Colonel Grabbe, he said, “Proceed forthwith to St. Petersburg, and report to the Emperor what you have seen. To-morrow I will senda report and Schamy! himself. From the Irish Tintes, Sept. 27. A bribe of six millions of roubles has caged the “lion of the Cancasus.” Schamyl, the victor over Grabbe, Rosen, and Woronzoff, bas been ‘vanquished by treachery, for gold works its’ way within the Caucasus as elsewhere, ‘The capture of such a man, no matter how obtained, will be considered as atriumph at St. Petersburg. History will hereafter relate how the Western nations, when in arms against Russia, neglected the hardy mountaineers who 80 long and 80 successfully resisted the ever advanc- ing surge of Russian barbarism. But Schamyl is an old man now, and perhaps the Russian purchase may not prove a’ profitable speculation. There are younger “Murids’’ among the mountains who will take his pla: They must have profited by the example of his com. mand, for he first united the seven provinces which consti- | tute Circassia, aud arranged the form of military and priest ly government such as itis to-day. A governinontso established, the spirit of liberty 80 long successful, Ve destroyed by a Circassian Judas’ treason, or the pieces of silver given by the Pope of the Greck Church. In 1832, the Russian artillery, under Van Roson, battered | down the towers of Himri, where the High Priest Khasi- Mollah made his lastdefence, When, at last, the Russians stormed the citadel, they found nothing but the corpse of the Mollah, surrounded by those of sixty of his follow- ers, At the fect of the Moliah lay his chief Murid, or dis- ciple, with two bullets and a bayonet wound in his body, apparently dea When the Russians carried off the body of the Mollah, they left that of the Murid were he fell. That was Schmayl, who, within a few months, became the ruler of Circassia. From that year Schmayl, ‘the second prophet of Allah,’”’ has baffled the whole forces of Russia. For the last fifteen years the Russian army in the Cau- cagus has numbered 150,000 men. ‘These have had every appliance of modern warfare. They wore flanked anil supplied on right and left by their own cruisers, and they were under the command of officers to whom human ‘life was nothing. Every year the Russians lost 20,000 men. The ordnance accounts of a single year show that the Russians expended 22,000 rounds of artille- ry cartridges and 1,600,000 musket cartridges in that time. Schamy] never had'more than ten thousand men, and yet baffled the most skilful Russian generals. The country iteelf is admirably adapted for defence. The entire five hundred miles which separate the Sea of Azov and the Euxine from the Caspian is a succession of lofty mountains and broken valleys. Magnificent forests of beech trees run up the sides of the hills; twining creepers stretch in mat work from tree to tree; while great boulders torn from the granite and porphery of the upper ranges, afford an advantage to the lightly equipped mountaineer which no advancing force can overcome. The villages of the people are built like nests upon the rocks. Tho hoad- quarters of Schamy) bimself were raised upon a pinnacle which a German traveller has styled ‘‘a fantastical con- ception of the devil, which God has allowed him to hew out in stone, to terrify mankind.” Schamyl combined the fanatical with the military feeling. His troops were taught that Paradise awaited him who slew a Russian; Eblis open- ed for the traitor who shrank from the contest. His sys- tem of late years waa never to meet the Russians-but upon ground beset by terrible razgias and sudden sweeps, to cut off their outposts and plunder their convoys. When- ever the Russians organized an expedition against him, they were never opposed on their entrance into the passes. ‘The first sign of Jife among the gorges was when the main body of the Russians had passed through; then from every ravine and from bebind every boulder, a deadly fire came from invisible enemies, The Russians, heavily laden, were unable to scale the sides of the hills, If they attempt- ed a movement in flank, Schamyl had always ready a body of devotees, led by a Murid, who dashed against the solid wall of Russian infantry, and though they generally ished, Pe iee threw the attacking force into disorder. Whatever be advantages of the country for defence, tho Russians attributed their defeats to the gonius of Schamyl. Nodoubt they believe that the conquest of Cau- casus will henceforth be casy, now that Schamy! is in their power. Russia has been for years steadily advanc- ing to the south and cast. 'e have heard lately of their energetic proceedings the Amoor, and their mysterious connection witlt ave. uw cllher, miliary ‘reads or- water, carriage have now éi military or water almost to the foot of the Himalayas. have from Persia the southern const Cas- Lake, and sre complete masters of Georgia. Sho @ twofold object in lavishing blood and treasure to secure poasession of the Caucasus and the route through. Armenia. She hopes that these trans-Caucasian posses- sions will supply ber abundantly with raw material for her manufacture and amarketfor her fabrics. There are two roads from i@ to India—one by way of Astrakan, acroes the Caspian, and through Khiva; the other by way of the Caucasus, Georgia, Persia and Herat. The mention of Khiva and Herat at once brings to mind the intrigues of Russia in these places during the last twenty years, Soma, writers consider that a Russian mareh upon India is an i:a- possibility. Any sudden expedition may be so; but the policy of Rusgia is ever to conquer first, and thon absorb. Every conquered district becomes a frontier and a basis for afresh atop forward. Russia is steadily advancing to- wards ludia, and when her legions are geen from the Hi- 1859.—TRIPLE SHARAT. malayas England at least may lament the shert-sightod and seitish policy which did ot stipulate for the indepen dence of the Cattcasus ag one of the terms of the urwaty of Paris: A correspondent of the Indépmdance Belge, wi from St. Petorabusg ‘on the 20th of September, says thal Schamy! was taken ill at Tohongonieff, a small town in the province of Kharthoft, in the south of Russia, ‘The Emperor on hearing the ‘news immediately seut off an order that the journey ef the Imi should be stopped till he recovered his health, The olt palace of Tauris was belng prepared for his reception. Tho Exaperor being About to proceed to the south of the empire, it was thought probable that he would visit Schamyl ou his way, Mexican Politics and Mexican Finance in Earope. (From the London Times (City Article), Sept. 28.) Persons having a solid intorest in Mexican stock should be on their guard against attempts to influence the market by factitions meaus. The recent rise has been avcompa nied by a clamor to induce the bondholders’ committee to call a meeting, which could obviously havo little object fave that of giving an opportunity for hopeful speechos. There is no information the committee caa impart, and no real business to transact, and if they are desirous’ to pre- serve themselves from the suspicion of being the instru- ‘ments of cagual speculators they will porsevero in their abstinence from {dle demonstrations. Thoy have commu- nicated after the arrival of each mail every item of spe- cial fesalTgene that may have reached them, and now ‘that Mr, Whitehead, their ageut,has been compelled to quit the country, they have no means of ascertaining facis beyond such as are open to every one in London and New York. They could ofr nothing ‘but opinions, and these could be tormed merely out of the materials which are discussed daily in the jb and American journals. Do the speculators want the chairman of the committee, or Mr. Whitehead, its agent, to tell them if Juarez will be able to gather gufficient strength to march from Vera Cruz and drive Miramon from the capital, or if the English government will support Mr. Otway in his alleged subser- viency to the ecclesiastical party, his toleration of the per- secution of his spepeprese. soe the oneal pursuit, in conjunction with M. de Gabriac, of a policy in direct ‘op- position to that of the United States? Do they desire a categorical statement as to the intentions of Juarez with re- Spectto the treaty negotiated by the American Mininter, Mr. icLane, which, pending the decision upon some interpola- ted clauses, is now vibrating betwixt Washington and Vera Cruz? or are we to ask for a general exposition of the faith of the committee in the degree of honor America may ul- timately exhibit in with the Qnancial obligations of the country? Are they to be called upon to commit them- selves by chalking out a scheme for the guidance of Lord Palmerston, or to utter special diatribes against the Mira- mon or any other faction, and thus to limit the future pos- sibilities of their treating as a business body with any of cialg: but those on whom at the present moment they think Ot to bestow their’ partisanship? If any of these things are wanted it is open to individual bondholders to frame a requisition to that effect, and the committee can then tako-thio reeponalb ity, of declining the request, or can appeal to the good sense of the great mass of their constituents to pronounce as to.the course they should pursue. As to summoning a meet for a haphazard dis- cussion of Mexican affairs at a time when there is nota man in Mexico itself that can conjecture what a week may bring forth, and when the Cabinets of Washington, London, and Paris are.all in the utmost perplexity ag to the next move- ments they should respectively adopt, there is likely to be but one impression among business men. The fussy plat- form people, of whom the city, like other places, has its full proportion, must, therefore, if they want to chatter, contrive an occasion ‘for themselves. There is no ground at this moment for a single positive anticipation on Moxi- can affairs beyond such as bas existed with equal force for the past two or three years. So far as any unaccom- plished fact cam be regarded with certainty, nothing in the future can bemore clear than the annexation of Mewico to ‘the United States. But this is no new discovery, and al- thongh recent events have ronidls tended to the expected consummation, their march has not been more speedy than was to have been anticipated, the views of Mr. Buchanan having been thoroughly known, together with the fact that, as he has declined a renominalion for the Presidency, 18 he may entertain must be carried out, if at all, before December, 1860. All other circumstances of the case are merely to be viewed as incidental changes: .in the progress towards an inevitable end, and wholly worthless so far as any fluctuations in prices are pre- tended to be based upon them. Yet though all this has long been plain, we have seen that the views of our oper- ators are so utterly capricious and inconsequential that so far from the ultimate result being kept in sight as the enly ground for definite dealings, the most ruinous variation in the value of the bonds has, during the past six months, constantly been observable ‘upon the merest impulse. Early in the year the price was between 22 and 23, and in the course of a few weeks it was down at 1534. It is now again at about 28, but although the difference between the highest and’ the lowest prices been between fifty and sixty per cent, while the extreme range of cousols has been about six per cent, there has not been a single instant when the intrinsic prospects of the investment, whatever they may be, have undergone the slighest alteration. Indeed, ifany difference has existed it was that the prospect was best when the price was lowest, since war and distrac- tion in Europe would most likely facilitate in an extraordi- nary degree the special action of tho United States on their own continent. It is evident, therefore, that in a market subject to such wild revulsions it behooves the committee of bondholders to exercise more than ordinary caution in relation to the behests of a few restiess opera- tors as distinguished from the wishes of the large and re- spectable y of their constituents, who hold their in- ‘vestments permanently on logical calculations, and with- out regard to the ups and downs by which others may be enriched or beggared in the interval. BRITISH OPINION OF AFFAIRS IN MEXICO—HOPES OF THE BONDHOLDERS IN LONDON. From the London News, Sept. 27.] As the Mexican question now stands two hostile 08 divide the territory in unequal parts, and two hostile chiefs threaten each other with an extirpation which neither at present seems likely to realise. Juarez com- mands the liberal party—Miramon, the priestly or retro- gressive; and neither assuredly will give way until the Mexican soll hag been ravaged by the military forces ot both chieftains. If there were a prospoct of a great battle being fought, the expectations of a settlement might be cae fll founded; but these are not the tactics of Central Americans, who do not hazard all on a single die. Jua- rez, indeed, is said to be recognized in the great majority. of’ the Mexican States; but on the other , his opponents continue to hold the capital of the republic; and unti} the Miramon party can be dispossessed of so great a political advantage, no marked preponder- ance of power Can well be assigned to Juarez. The samo mail informs us that no treaty has at present been con- cluded between the latter and the government of the United States, aud that, in fact, Mr. McLane had quitted Vera Cruz—the headquarters of the Juarez administra- tion—leaving his task unaccomplished. The failure of his mission—whatever may be the importance of tho questions actually at issue between Juarez and President Buchanan—can hardly fail to strengthen the Miramon party. This circumstance points still further to the im probability of any attempt at an intervention by the goy- ernment of the United States in the affairs of Mexico. No doubt the proclamation of Juarez seemed af first sight fair and plausible. Probably he is an earnest and siucere reformer, aud we would not needlessly disparage the scheme which he proposes to carry out, if he only s the chance. But what, after all, does this widely ed proclamation amount to? The’ first part consists a furious attack by Juarez upon the designs of his op- hich Miramon probably would reciprocate with hearty good will; and the other, of the terri- nges which he proposes to introduce. We know that every liberal party in the position of that Z Will base its pretensions on its reforming ac- needing the honesty of this chief and his padjutors, wha’ is the purport of their reforms? It is brieily this, ‘The regular clergy are to be uncioisterod, and the revenue of both regulars and seculars isto be con- verted to the usos of the State; the nuns are to be put upon short commons, or, in other’ words, the property of the nunneries is to be also secularized,and the nuns are to live upon their respective donations. The sums thus to bo realized—if they should be realized at ali—are to be paid into the public treasury. This is the destructive part of the policy-of Juarez; what, then, is the constructive ? Now, on this important part of the question Juarez and the eager bondholders of the Mexican government seem somewhat at issue. The bondholders innocently think that the first act of the liberal government of Mexico would be to admit them to the spoliation, by paying up some of their arrears of interest. But what government in such desperate straigs ever thought of being honest? Here is a country with a public debt of 150,000,000 dollars, a revenue, even in times of peace, of only 5,000,- 000 dollars—the whole income but just yielding three per cent onthe loan—and the expenditure, in again, and irrespectively of the debt, three times the revenue. The drift of Juarez’ programme seems to us to run in a very different direction. It is true that the liberal chief holds out certain expectations to the bondholders of a ra- ther vague nature; but his great object is to improve the army, to build a navy and to create railways, These are his avowed designs, and it is for these objects that he proposes the alienation of the revenues of the church. It is remarkable how small a figure past debts make in this picture of the political fuiure of Mexico. There are also some four million dollars which the Mexican government may or may not get out of the government of the United States; but if they do get them, it is abundantly clear now they too will be appropriated.’ Thoy will be spent in the organization of a force to cope with Miramon; and the more wealth that party can collect, the more will the chuch party of Mexico subscribe to array their own army in opposition to the reforming phalanx. ‘This scheme of sccularizing church property is no new one, even among those of the same race and nationality with the Mexicans. Twenty years ago the Spaniards in the Old World actually began to carry out what the Span- iards in the New World are now attempting to imitate. ‘The history of such secularization in the mother country teaches us what to expect in the daughter country. The Spaniards introduced this policy under the specious plea of providing for national reforms; but year by year the church property disappeared, and the material re- forms were inappreciable. Evorything went in payment of the immediate necessities of the army, which the ex- haustion of the country during the Carlist war mado it impossivle to provide ‘by any system of taxation. The Spanish bondholders, too, were no more thought of than. material reforms, ‘This is at any rate a fair parallel. Indeed in one important respect the ition of the Jnarez. government is worse than that of the Court of Madrid when it began to secularise church property The Queen- ites were then triumphant; yct everything even. thon went in support of the army. How much more so. now, when battles remain to be fought, and rich plains lie awaiting their devastation? If this was done ia @ green tree, what shall be done in the dry? ‘We should attach scarcely more importanco in the ab- stract to the Archbishop of Mexico’s excommunication of the liberals than to the lately threatened excom- munication of the ridden as the cee cen yet w be enacted. That this can Li after a long native struggle for the subjugation of tho one faction by the other, few can at $808 reason to hope; and if tho Juarez government had entertained a prospoct of intervention in their favor by the United States, or had differed with them only upon points of Aetail, thoy would hardly have conveyed, both to their ant ists and to Europe, the adverse moral improssifyn arising from the departure of Mr. McLane from Vore, Crug with aa uncon- cluded treaty. The Steamsnip Great Eastern, Pd Prin a a from the London News, to the effvet w Great Eastorn was goi ang) has been confirmed, Boi06 10 POU AEAINy Tuogh Me tababhants of Wepan come ous «ful tant ‘ey mouth © bo Pe famillarized with the Brostoh pas tho “big ship,’’ and are now able to settle down to calm admira- tion of the latest wonder of the world, yet she still con- tinues the object of undiminished attraction to the publie at large, who come by droves, as fust as the railways can bring them, to inspect the monument of British industry and skill, Consequently the town wears much of the holiday appearanee which pervaded {t during the Srst week the Great Eastern anchored in Portland Roads, though the soaking rain of Monday made a vast diferenos in the arrivals, and, no doubt,a corresponding dott in the Teme on board. It appears that she will be ox- hibited until tho Ist October (Saturday), and thero are roports that a concert on a grand scale willtake place om rd somd day this woek—probably Friday, The steamerf conveying passengars hay ‘VOR, pee fi T3 ng: ve made a rich har aptly be designated ‘floating capital,” since it in ores access to the « big abip. ee a per tary, ace ra a with mue eo 1e vast of ual sawed atay oh ve alread) on the trim of the vessel, which is now it down to & much lower lovel in the abe and Bde i Be bisa ff Aitherto protradiag ‘above the surface, 0 dorsal ‘some Shark, is no it. The traces of ue oe. cet earing under energetic efforts of Mr. Scott Rusgell and his men. The new forward ‘a8 rapidly constructed as the circumstances and the lerous nature of the work admit; and the distracting din occasioned by the precess of ri the plates gether gives one the idea of some arm ‘iants are furnished forth for battle. It is satisfactory te ket” is, or will be, shortly removed e], 80 no repetition can be ap- prehended of the terrible disaster which was occasioned rom this cause. We are informed that an action has been instituted be- tween Mr. Scott Russell and the company, with te the ability for the repairs of the late accident, Mr. Eiwin James, Q. C., being retained for the com a ‘The impress isitors to the pression as to the number of ship Beems to have been vory erroneous; at least to judge from the following statement, which, simce it emanated from an authentic source, must be regarded as something like an approximation to the real state of the case:— September 12 (58. day). «13 (2. 64. di « « “ « a “« « “ "pee guaugesece ro = The Bullion Trade of England. ‘rom the London Times, Sept. 80. Returns just published show that the imports of specia this year, up to the env of last, month, have amounted te £26,702,668, against £19,926,278 during tho corresponding eight months of 1858. ‘This increase has been consequent chiefly on an augmentation in the arrivals of silver to meet the demand for India in the London market, the gold receipts being but slightly in excess of, those of last Year. ‘The proportion of ailver has been £10,048,693, while in 1848 {t was only £4,534,894. Such is the extent to which the Continent is being drained, that from France alone we have absorbed £5,099,180 of that metal, and from Belgium £191,216. The United States have likewise seut us £984,550, while the proportion from Mexico and South America has been £2,190,274, which is about the same ag last year. | The quantity of gold imported has boen £16,753,875, against £15,301 884 up to the same period of 1858. Of this sum £5,597,595 has been contrib Ame- rica, showing an increase of £2,088,086 over lait year. £1,997,881 was from Russia, which is alsoa large increase. But the reccipts from Australia have amounted only to £4,970,069, against £5,561,619 in 1868, and those from Mexico and South America only to £1,388,376, against 50 The registered exports of gold and silvor £3; within the eight months have been £26,397 033, or within 05,535 of the imports, Of this sum’ £12,876,169 con. sisted of silver, nearly all sent to India and China. To Paris we have sent during the eight months £11,845,824 in gold, partly to pay for silver and partly for mercantile balances—the latter fact being sufficient to account for tho rapid inorease in the stock held by tho Bank of ance. Affairs in Tarkey. THE LATE CONSPIRACY AGAINST THE SULTAN—AN INVESTIGATION COMMITTEE—ARRESTS—A MISSION TO EGYPT. The mail dates from§Constantinoplofare to Sept. 24, A Commission had appointed to investigate the late conspiracy, and is composed of the Grand Vizier, the Sheik-ul-Islam, the Minister of War, the Minister of Police, the President of the Grand Council aud the President of the Tanzemat. Two Generals, several Colonels, and other officers and priests had been arrested. Jaffer Pasha, of Albania, one of the conspirators, drowned himself during the of the prisoners. It was probable that the conspiracy had ramifications in the provinces. The publication by the papers ef ang communication relating to the affair had been prohibited. Muktar Pasha, r of Justice, had taken his dopar- ture for Egypt on a special mission. News from Australia. LOSS OF AN ADELAIDE STEAMER AND EIGHTY-SEVEN LIVES—THE TASMANIA TELEGRAPH CABLE LAID— GOLD SHIPMENTS—DEATH OF AN ENGLISH COLO- NEL—TRADE DULL AT MELBOURNE. ‘Telegraphic advices in anticipation of the arrival of the Austrian mail state that the scrow steamer Adumilla, from Adclaide, was totally Jost on the 6th of August, near Cape Northumberland. “Eighty-seven lives were’ lost, only wenty-five out of the whole number on board being saved. There wasa great outcry against ministers for not sending relief to the Admilla. No details are received. 4 iis ‘Tasmania submarine cable had been successfully nid. The shipments of gold from Melbourne since the July, eave and up to August 19, amounts to £755,000, in five ships. ‘The yield of gold was very satisfactory. Colonel Neill, Deputy Adjutant General, was killed by @ fall from his horse. At Melbourne, on the 19th of August, business was dull. Tallow and hides were scarce, and prices high. Great speculation prevailed in the new mining companies. The steamer Royal Charta, from Liverpool, arrived out at Melbourne in fifty seven days. abstr | from Japan. (From the Journal des Debats, Sept. 29.] ‘The news from Japan is of the month of July, and cer tain difficulties have already occurred in the exccution of the treaty of commerce 80 recently concluded with that Power. ‘The right of residence at Yeddo, formally con- ceded by that treaty, scems to be contested or eluded by the Japanese. Besides, they have created by commerce with foreigners a special currency, of which the least in- convenience js a depreciation of sixty six per cent om foreign money. Despite these incidents, which are to be regretted, we do not despair of arriving at a per ter- a ‘on of the engagements of Japan with the! Civilized wers, (From the Hong Kong Trade Report, August 9.] Our relations with Japan have taken a somewhat unsatia- factory turn. Mr. Alcock, the American Consul General, has returned to Jeddo, where he has been received, and where treaties have been interchanged with all the pub- licity and courtesy desirable. But afterwards the Japan- ese authorities, in place of putting the treaty in execution, tried to elude it ina most flagrant manner. The stipula- tions which they refused to execute are so important that the Consul General cannot withdraw them. In the first. place, instead of giving Kanagawa, near Jeddo, as @ residence for strangers, the Japanese prepared to receive them on an island ten miles from Jeddo, where they wish to exercise the same surveillance as at Desima. The second point relates to the standard value of monoy; the government has coined a new currency for the foreign commerce, which the inhabitants will not have the powor of changing except with considerable loss, so that the Japanese tradesman will be obliged to triple the price of articles in his relations with the stranger. The Consul General, who is still at Jeddo, has made a protest and. commerce is stopped. Markets. LONDON MONEY MARKET. [From the Manchester Guardian (City Article), Oct. 1.) ‘The funda opened this (Sept. 30) morning at a decline of 4g, Dnt have again closed with a good appearance. The first bargains in consols wore at 9534 a 965,, and tho last at 9534 for money and 953; a 953 for the account. In- dia scrip remains at 3% to 4 premium, and the India de- bentures (new) have improved to 953;. The savings. banks purchases continue at the rate of £5,000 por day, and are expected to go on for some time longer. In the stock exchange the rate for loans to-day has been. 2to 2% per cent. In the discount market there has been a fair demand, but merely for temporary purposes connoct- ed with the termination of the quarter. ‘The fluctuations in the English funds during the month ending to-day have been unusually limited. On the Iss of September the price of consols was 965, and they have closed this evening atasbade beyond that paint. ‘The highest price of the month was 95%, and the lowest per occurred on the receipt of the China news) 947%. difference, therefore, has only been one per cent, which is considerably less than the average range. ‘There has been li loing in foreign stooks. Moxiean has again been firmer at 2334 a 234, but has closed at 23 a 23%. Railway shares have also been very inactive, but gone- rally VTi Great Luxembourg were in demand to-day 17% 28. “\idsireturn from, the Bank of England for the weak ending the 28th September gives following resulta when compared with the sree week — 9534 955 beta 953, 08: [By Electric Tolograph to Manchester Consols closed, aftor official hours, at 96% a 9524. Grand Trunk very firm, Great Ship Company woaker. PARIS MONEY MARKET. The Parig Bourse closed quictly on tho 90% ult. at 60C,