The New York Herald Newspaper, October 12, 1859, Page 2

2 THE NEWSPAPER PRESS OF LONDON. Our London Correspondences Lonnon, Sept. 23, 1859. Pax and Present Position of the London Prese—Cockney pinion of the Circulation of the Times Newspaper— Foreign Sulsoribers to that Journal—Home Distribution the Paper—The Duties on Paper—Progress and Impor~ dance of the English Penny Press—The Anti-Corn Law apd Ballot Menas Writers—Buying the Penny Papers After the American Fashion—Advertising and ts Re- sultt—Diplomatic Opinion of the Leading Jowrnal—Iis Financialand Commercial Articles—Parish Newspapers— How the Times Men Defend Themselves—American Bank- ‘ing Influence—How Good Entenprises are Crushed by In- tereted Writers, de., de. our readers are doubtless not aware of the okanges Ahat heve deen gradually, but permanently, taking place in the English press, and particularly thepress of London, during the last three or four years. The day bas not yet gone by when Englishmen can be found who believe what the London Times gives laws to the world. Wour regular Cockney, who has seldom or never “deen wot of bearing of Bow bells, believes that tho New Zealand savage, Ue Mongolian Tartar, the King of Timbuetoo, the Esquimaux dwarf, the North Ameri- wan Indian, the Peruvian Inca, the Feejoa Island cannibal and the Patagonian giant, each in his distant Jocality, waits With the liveliest interest andi greatest anxiety the next arrival from England, that he may learn ‘what is going on in all the kingdoms of the eaih from the columns of the Times. Ff that is spreading ita little too Mick, itis net too mneh to say that it is oMimost univer- eal belief here that theLondon Times is teken and read ‘and looked to for its “opinions on all ypiters, American and foreign, throughout the United Stes and all the other American republics, in city, country, cabin and mansion alike. Ibeve repeatedly asked Englishmen to ‘guess’ how many copies of the leading English journal were subscribed fer and taken in the city of Washington? He sometimes put it at two hundred, and sometimes five hundred, and even a thousand. Judge of his astonish. ‘ment when I tel! him that within the last six years, to my personal, positive knowledge, obtained from the Post Office, the number of copies taker was just exactly two; ope,a second and copy, taken by a private individ. ual who bad lived in England and was connected with the press, and the other a copy subscribed for and taken by the United States government, addressed to the Secretary of State. A copy might have been sent tothe British Minister, but if so it was con: veyed in the despatch bag, and not sent by mail. Odd mumbers were sent to some individuals and editors, but not regularly or in full sets. Since the period 1 refer to 2854) the number may have been increased one or two eopies. Of course it would seem very preposterous to ‘most Englishmen if I were to state, what is unquestiona. bly the fact, that, with the exception ofa few editors, not one newspaper reader in one thousand in the United States beyond the large cities on the seaboard, ever saw sn copy of the Times in their lives. I presume that, with the exception of France, the entire number of copies of ‘te Times (in regular sets—all the numbers) second hand er new, sent beyond the limits of this kingdom, to all of the British colonies included, is considerably less than two hundred, probably less than one hundred ‘The cost of that journal isJust about $25 or £6 sterling a year, and to the most favored nations the postage is half a8 much more, while to many countries the entire postage is more than the original price. In some countries it is forbidden altogether, while in others—as in France, Aus tria. and Russia—there is a police and post aifice espionage, that watches and reads each num ber, cutting out and suppressing whatever is offensive, and often seizing every number of a particnlar date. The number of copies of anything like complete sets sent to France, clandestinely and publicly, is probably between twenty-five and fif ‘Thus much may be said of the position in foreign coun- tries of unquestionably, in a political or financial point of ‘view, the leading journal of the world. The circulation of the Jimes, as taken from authentic data, during the Jast ten years, has fluctuated from 35,000 to $9,000 copies. J 1860 the circwation was a little over 38,000 copies. In 1854 it attained the highest point of circulation that it has ever bad. This was under the stimulus of the Crimean war, when the number printed was between 58,000, and 59,000 copies. Two or three brief acts of Parliament Baye caused great changes in the English newspaper world. The successive abolition of the advertisement duty, (one and sixpence sterling, or thirty-six ceuts,) the abolition of the compulsory stamp of one penny (two cents) on each printed sheet, and the abolition of th requiring publishers to give heavy security, have taken ‘off three great burdens from the newspaper proprietor ‘These enactments were passed respectively in 1851, 1854 and 1859. One more law, which is uot in the distant future, taking off the paper duty of threepence per pound on every description of paper, will work a complete revo lution. Then the leading journals in England, as m the United States, must be sold at one penny (two cents) A combination of causes, which together have been irre sistible, has taken away almost one-half of the circulation more than one-half of the influence and prestige of Times throughout London and the United Kingdom. circulation has dwindled to than 35,000 copies, advertisements have largely decreased, the prices of same baye been lowered considerably, and. the price the paper reduced to fourpence, to correspond with the ition of the stamp, while the readers are mo: ly coneiderably Jess than one-half of the number in mer years. The proof of this last assertion can be found by consulting any half dozen newsvenders in Lon don. They will tell you that where they had scores of customers who hired the paper to read ata penny an hour, they have not at this time dozens, while a large num ber of the papers that they lend or hire out dur- jing the day of publication remain on their hands, and are not taken, as formerly, at a greatly reduced price, 4o go into the country by mail. Instead of hiring the Times, and paying a penny for the use of it a single hour, readers purchase a penny paper. There are three permanent daily penny papers of the largest size—the same sized page as the Times—now published in London the Daily Tlegraph, the Star and the Sian dard. The Telegraph has been published over four years, and has now arrived at its 1.3224 number. The Star is over three years old, having printed 1,108 num bers. The Standgrd has been published over thirty and been a penny paper nearly two years. The Slur isa liberal paper, the reputed organ of Mr. Cobden, Mr. Bright, and the politicians of the Manchester school, The dard is conservative, while the Telegraph is independent and miscellaneous. With those who wish a cau did, respectable conservative paper, the Sfandard is the favorite, while among the men of progress, republicans -and liberal politicians, the Star is liked the and the Telegraph is sought for its varie ndepen dence and sparkling pungent follow after the old sty! h journ three leading editor’ All three of the writers of the highest talent have able and numerous correspon¢ foreign countries. The report in the 7: George Argustus Sala, of the trial trip created such a demand for the paper that nc be obtained after twelve o'clock on the da) tion. The Standard has long been noted for 8 is slashing ticles, A papers in having nd learning mts at ome and in of publica the knowing ones tell you they can readily trace of Mr. Cobden, Mr. Bright, Mr. Low in the columns of the Star, The o ace of this fleld of clieap journalism is a vast increase in the nuinber of newspaper readers, and increased intelligence among the uneducated classes, The poor man now has his newspa per and reads it at home along with his wit while formerly he went to the public house aud paid two pence for.a.glass of bad liquor or @ cup of villainous cof. Tee to get “a sight” of the Times, the Chronicle, the Morn ing Post or the Advertiser, The Telegraph, 1 have the best reason for believing, bas a circulation of over 90,000, and the Siar and Standard combined circulate a stil farger uumber. ‘The facilities for transportation by rai ‘ATC £0 great that at all the leading towns in the kingdom ‘these papers are sold, asin London, at a penny a copy. More than one half of the business men in London who lo business inthe “city,” come in by fail from some of the numerous suburbs of the great metropolis. The North London Railway, having ité terminus in Fenchurch pp a apa ag tile of the Bank of Bugland, h few, Acton, Kibburn, Hampstead, Camdentown, Islington and Hackney; the Blackwall Rail ‘way brings them from Blackwall and Popiar; the South. ‘western comes from Twickenham, Richmond, Barnes and Putney , while the Greenwich, the North Kent, th ghto and the Crystal Palac> railways take the gatleron ee from Gravesend, Erith, Greenwich, Blackheath, Lewis d children. ham, Croydon, Sydenham and the vast suburb soathent of j besides great numbers live permanently or stay doring the summer season at Brighton Ramsgate, “Margate, Ipswich, hoster, Wind Reaaing, Harrow, ns, Yarmouth, por, and yarione other places filty mil Nearly all of these business men OP getting invo the jain in the pm London NEW YOR" aces of business. The igo vast 8 sountof | THEE BETWEEN: SPAIN AND MOROCCO. Savertisi Davouage and of uence mth po gla pen 7 Hale: rp ny journal. many of these eq + tity, and often, in the oj Of most re ua- | Sketch of the and Present Empe- io that of the times, Jann Bull alters’ ,edcre,ingus- | Miketch of the, Liste and Eeesent ah ly. A vast number of men of Dusinegs tm London have Fran yet to learn that these penny journals)? 7° great number | [Translated from the Journal des Debats, Sept. 18, for the and variety of business announcemen’ iy "gre rior me- New York Hera. diums of advertising to the Times its’ ye” 1p the first place, Mouley-Abd-er-Rahman, the Emperor of Morocco, who the circulation of each of them ‘* , “ogneiderably . | lately died at Fes, at the age of about cighty years, a8- Neat, they go into the bands, the houses, homes and } cended the throneon the 29th of Novem! r, 1822. He shops of a vast number—rich | poor and middle class— | succeeded his uncle, Mouley-Soliman, who, having Dvtic’ where they are read, scann’ q’ and talked over, adver- | his eminent aunties ‘while ho was Governor of ch tisements and all, and beco’ me familiar to every member | designated him his heir in preference to his own son of the kousehold, The 70 i¢s, on the other hand, is looked over im the counting ho’ yse ‘by the merchant or man of Dusimess, and then des" roved or sent away. ‘Not one-half of the middle and better class of citizens ever have the "4 im their houses, while ninety-nine Jvundredths of the 4¢ who do only have the ran nour when it is aken away. Besides, the Times has such ®& multiplicity of advertisements, a great majority of which are 0’ subjects like real estate, auction and joint stock companies, only interesting to the few, while the more Mmited n'.mber and interesting nature of thewavertise- ments ir, the cheap family paper, cause them to be uni- versally read. I fancy the proprietors of the cheap pa- TS ‘Might increase their advertising patronage very sid by putting the price very low, following the ex- ample of the Manchester Guardian, and putting in all ad- vertisements of places wanted, &€c., at a sixpence a line. They would then be at once the cheapest and before the "ithe style ito, of the sche has ter si style, t00, of the cheap papers has a greater sim- plicity , oy is every way better adapted to the popular taste than the stately philosophy of the ‘leading’ journal. ‘There are not half a8 maay ‘interesting letters on popular ics in the Times as there used to’ be; the ear and eye the masses being reachedse much more directly and universally in the columns of the Star, or Extinguish the light of the fixed star Sirius, and it would be thousands of years before its brilliant twink- ling woukl cease to illuminate our planet. Extinguish the sun, and a considerable time would then elapse before night-would overtake the earth. The leading courte and foreign governments in Europe have been 80 accustomed to look upon the Times as the leading exponent of British opinion, that its actual position and influence will have tobe-on the wane for years before an Austrian grand duke, a Neapolitan tyrant, or a Romish statesman priest, will find out that this paper no longer takes the lead in English politics. ‘One great thing that has given the 7¥mes a position both at home and abroad, is the number of business circulars from commercial houses and banking establishments that have appeared from time to time in the money article. The Times is imperious, and will not notice the circulars and announcements “ a ea bouse yom they are always sent exclusively to the Times. er papers are omieat to print them on the same day of their cotemporaries. Business men are beginning to find out that their circulars and announcements will do them far more good when printed in the money articles of several other papers than when in the fimes alone. The conse- quence is, this class of announcements and news is fast becoming distributed over a wide surface. ‘Another class of journals has arisen that appears to be peculiar to London. They are local parish papers, pub- Fahed usually once a week, on Friday or Saturday, and sold in great numbers at a penny or a half-penny. London bas a dozen or more of these papers. They are constantly increasing, and mostof them seem permanently estab- lished, very few once started having been discontinued. The following isa list of such as I readily picked up in half a dozen news offices, with the number of the current copy, showing the number of weeks each has been estab- lished and the price at which prise sold:— fo. Holborn Journal... St. Pancras and Holbors North London Record... St. Pancras News. 1d. Besides these there are the North London Gazette, mouthly, the London Daily Guide, daily, published at @ penny, and several more that I have not’ by me. All of these ’papers have editorials, literary selections, jokes, parish news and great numbers of advertisements. In taste, talent, decency and good temper, they might set a good example to a vast number of papers published in America. Itis a safe calculation to assume that the number of news sheets now printed every week in London is six times as great as itwas six years ago, in 1858, the year before the abolition of the penny stamp. During that time the circulation of the Times had dimin- ished nearly or quite one-half. The mathematical con- clusion that we come to, then, is, thatthe 7'émes, relatively to other London newspapers, does not circulate one-tenth the proportion of papers that it did a few years ago. These are facts that are becoming patent to everybody, and it requires no great logical powers to appreciate that the “leading journal”? does not have, comparatively, or really, one-fourth of the influence that it once had. And at this rate it needs mo prophet to tell us thatin a few years its influence will be far less than it is to-day. People do not like to look up to the same mas- ters, cringe under the same tyrants, and worship the same heroea during avery Jong period. The downright malice shown by the conductors of this journal, its sneers and ridicule towards good men, and noble and. patriotic causes, its virulent vindictiveness in attempting to “write down’ certain individuals who are obnoxious to the edi- tors, make good citizens throw their influence against it. +A respectable citizen, and in every sense an inoffensive gentleman, was a candidate for Parliament in one of the metropolitan boroughs. Day after day there appeared in this journal the most heartless attacks against this gen- tleman, even going so far in its tirade as to name frequently the wife and children of the gentleman who had the audacity to offer himself for Parliament without consultmg and conciliating the Zimes. Like all despots, John Walter, M. P., principal proprietor, Mow- bray Morris, the manager, and Mr. Delane, the editor of the Times, are exceedingly anxious to shirk all persona! responsibility, unless some slandered and maltreated mortal should be so insane as to commence a suit for hibel, with the influence, power, money and talent of the Times arrayed against Lim. Their impunity, however, is not quite perfect. When Mr. Mowbray Morris gets cow- hided by an indignant husband for illegal attentions to his wife, and goes sneaking into court for personal pro- tection and two and sixpenny damages, these facts are printed iu myriads of news sheets that circulate in overy corner of London and throughout the British empire. ‘The London Times, during the last few years, has been constaptly on the decline in influence, in consequence of the paper in #s money article being Virtually under the control of an eminent American banker, doing business in London. Mr. Sampson, the writer of the money arti- cle, has an American wife, and is on terms of the greatest intimacy with the American millionaire, who gives capital dinners, aud endows institutions of learning in his native land. The Londoner, who takes a run out of town occa- sionally to Richmond, Croydon or Epsom, will by chance stumble against Mr. Sampson, of the Times, and Mr. <icorge Peabody. They are a living illustration of the say : “See with how little wisdom the world is governed.” Peri- odical and spasmodic attacks against the Bank of England, which somehow has managed to. survive them, and against certain great corporations, speculations and’ public works and louns, at once show to those in the secret that these are not the affairs out of which the English giant and the American banker are expecting to make anything. Of course the temple of the Philistines has to be pulled down, or an attempt made, because these is no Delilah to shear the locks of the modern Samson. This isa very pretty game, but it has been played so long that it has reacted on itself. An individual wishes something noticed in the money article of the leading journal. Is it the pro- prietor of the paper in question that must be appealed to? No. Is itthe manager? No. editor? No. Isit the Jitor of the money article? Ni but a man who occupies about as “prominent a place in the financial circles of London as the Bunkum does among the political newspapers of the world. mouey article in the Times is an unfailing index to the speculations and movements that a certain banker (so cailed usually, h he is, Tbelieve, here considered as a merchant) r or opposes. His personal enmities, piques too, all have a place. Statements ntrue, and laughed by at every director and Bank’ of England, respecting ‘payments of a obtained during the “American crisis, were con- ‘ing in the Times’ money article. I will mention one fact that illustrates this subject ina striking light, aud which I have from unquestionable hority. A year ago or more a prominent English mer- chant and shipowuer started a steamer from a port in this kingdom to New York. By an unfortunate accident he orge Peabody to advise him of a house in ‘0 cousign bis steamer to. The advice wasgiven m1, the houge in question being relatives, having @ body in it. msighed that and one or two more house, and ag time wore on the sociated himself with others, lished a highly y essful line of steamers, and @ mail contract was obtained. The steamship company, acting in their interest, as they had a right to, appointed w York, selecting the American Express Because the friends of this American banker not ma ere was atonce an enmity u the banking house the steamship com- not say that the enmity was natural . What obligation was the to to appoint the house that had been consigned to? But to the peared the most vindictive attacks steamship company, and particu- founder and leading man in it, and those attacks contin without cessation to this day. It must be 4 proud position for the proprietor, the manager, the edi- tor and Conductors of the | Times newspaper, to know that the quarrels and enmities of an insignificant individual are echoed, trumpeted and heralded forth year after year in the Times; and all this period this great journal professes the greatest financial authority in Europe. Verily ave fallen on evil times; and—without intending a brough the evil genius of the Zimes. Perhaps the proprietor will awake to a consciousness of the position of his servants when the race his journal is running becomes more fully appreciated, in the Times against t Ppavinenseneeaianre fe sie Court of General Sessions. Before Recorder Barnard. Oct. 11.—The first prisoner disposed of this morning was Charles Ober, who was indicted for grand larceny in stealing @ watch and chain and other property from Wm. Hershel, on the 2th of September, He was convicted of the minor offence, and sentenced to the penitentiary for six months. Jacob Ferris, indicted for a felonious assault on Jesse Jackson, by striking bim with a slung shot, was tried and acquitted by the jury. Augustus Wyncoop, a well known pickpocket, pleaded guilty to grand Jarceny, having on the Ist instant picked the pocket of Rose “Monomy of $38 69, while on the steamer City of Hartford. The Recorder sentenced him to four years imprisonment in the Sing Sing prison. Mary’ Moran, charged with burglary in teloniously entering the premises of John Taylor, 59 Ninth avenue, on the 8th ‘of Beptember, and stealing caps worth $10, Pleaded guilty to petit larceny, and was sent to the peni- tentiary for six months. Patrick Barrett py mi muiity to nn aseault and battery on Hugh MeTe one month Li ny, and agne, and was sent to the penitentiary for grand Javce- | HERALD, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER ‘2, 1859.—TRIPLE SHEET. ‘He was besides the eldest of the representatives of that turbulent and skilful offspring of Cherifs, the real or tended descendants of the Prophet, wha ‘ook the power in the Merinides during the sixteenth century, and kept it to the present time. ‘Thanks to that illustrious , the Sultans of Mo- roceo unite now religious to poli ‘Power, and the ove- dience which barbarian would perhaps refuse to the siaple sovereign ts to the Caliph of the West, to the supreme pontiffof the Molekito rite, equal in dig- nity to the Sultan of le. Notwithstanding this double prestige, Abd-er-Rahman had to struggle the factions which on each change of reign never fail to raise the standard of revolt; then is renewed, at the call and for the benefit of some turbu- jent chiefs, the feudal dismembering which w: usual state of the count duri the wi the Middle Ages, and outlived the unity «f the empire, as three capitals have been maintained— Fez, Mequinez and Maroc—where the Emperor and his Court alternately reside. During of strug gles incessantly renewed, the new sovereign, who was possessed of the greatest bravery, triumphed over all his nemies; he ordered some to be Vines leath, imprisoned thers, and banished at Taillet—the cradle of'the dynasty of the Cherifs—those whom thought worthy of some consideration. He finally succeeded in consolidating his power. The disturbances often spoken of by the Euro- pean journals during the last years were not insurrec- tions: inst his supreme power, but violent protests against his fistal iniquities, which were still more aggra- vated by the extortions of his pachas. Tt was from abroad that the most serious embarrassments came to Abd-er-Rabman, which troubled his quietness during the whole of his long career. The conquest of Al- geria by the French was the first oceasion, and his own ambition the first cause of it. Although more inclined to peace to war, he thought that the fall of the Tarks in 1830 was a favorable opportunity to regain the provinces bordering on Morocco, which had for three centuries been taken from his ancestors by the masters of Algiers, ant he gent captains and emissaries to occupy and raise in- surrections at Flemcen, Mascara, Miliana, Medeah aud all the countries adjoining those cities. He partly succeeded, and the progress of his arms induced the commanders of the French army to send troops to Mers- el-Kebir and Oran, in order that those important cities should not fall into his power. The mission which the French government entrusted to M.de Mornay in 1832 it an end to that invasion, and Abd-er-Rahman ordered is troops to re-enter his frontiers, which he promised to cross no more infuture. It was thought that he violated his word when Moorish soldiers were found on the battle- fields of Tafna and Sikka, and General De La Rue was sent to Mequinez in 1836. Abd-er-Rabman denied all par- ticipation in those hostilities, which he attributed to some tribes which were disobedient to his rule, and peace was still mantained during a few years between France and lorocco. ‘Abd-el-Kader had the talent to have it broken up, and it was not one of the least successes of that genius, so bold and so skilful at the same time. On account of his being a Marabout defending Islamism against the Chris- tians, the Fmir inspired the Emperor with a sincere and respectful sympathy, atthe same time that he alarmed him as a dangerous rival, well able to overthrow him and take his place. On the other side, the French go- vernment demanded that its enemy should not find an inviolable asylum on neutral territory, and Abd-er-Rah- man did not desire to get into trouble with the powerful sovereign of France. , Given up toopposite sentiments and interests, Abd-er- Rahman did not succeed in conciliating them; to our ulti- matum he gave but evasive and ambiguous answers, and even insolent on some points. It became necessary to use the strength of arms against so much artifice and ill will, and Marshal Bugeaud at Isly , and Prince de Joinville at Tangiers and Mogador, soon showed him how unequal the struggle would be. By the convention of the 10th of Sep- tember, 1844, he accepted the conditions of peace imposed upon him, and the 18th of March of the following year a_treaty settled the question of the fron- tiers. The stipulations of the treat, rigorously kept, and Abd-el-Kader still found a secure shelter in Morocco, aud the Emperor did not take mea- sures toremove or interner (confine within the limits) him as he had promised; however, he withdrew all direct support from him, had him watched and closely confined, which leftto our adversary no other resource than ‘his submission. It is to be believed that Abd-er-Rahman, al- though a good Mussulman, saw without regret the fall and the removal of a chief whose friendship and hostility were equally dangerous. He then became more cautious and prudent than in the past, and when, in 1849, Sidi-Cheikh- ‘ben-Taich, after having raised against us all the Saharian tribes of the province of Oran, went to claim the concourse of the Emperor, whose lieutenant he alleged himself to be, the Sultan had him imprisoned. Since that time he lived at peace with us, not, however, without giving reason from time to time for just com: plaints, which forced our Consuls to strike their flag. Such was, on tife 16th of August of last year, the refusal of phe Governor of Tangiers to salute the feast of the Em- peror of the French with the regular firing of guns; buat Ahose wrongs, which Abd-er-Rahman took care to lay on inferior agents, have not been looked upon as serious enough to draw new storms upon bis old age; for similar conskierations, Europe has not held him responsible for the piracy of the mountaineers of the Riff. He died quietly, at Fez, in the hands of two English doctors, who had been brought there by Mr. James Hay, the Vice Con- sul of England and Tetouan, and the youngest of the four brothers of that fumily, which has, through its activity and an unlimited devotion to the interests of its nation, conquered a preponderant r6le in Morocco. The treaty of the 9h of December, 1856, is due to the particular influ- ence of Mr. Drummond Hay, the representative of Queen Victoria at Tangiers. We have formerly pointed out the political importance of that treaty, which opens Morocco to the trade of Great Britain with particular privileges. ‘Those are the principal events which have marked this long reign of thirty-seven years duration. If it had been accomplished far from our horizon, that reign would not have left any remembrance to history, for the sove- reign was wanting in all greatness, and did not reveal his power by any good action or any useful creation. False to the examples which several of his predecessors had given him, and which many Mussuimen and Atrican mo. narcbs renewed during his reign, Mehemet Ali and Said- Pacha at the Cairo, Mahmoud and Abd ul-Medjid at Con. Stantinople, Syed-Said at Mascate and at Zanzibar, Rada ma at Madagascar, Bello in the Soudan, Ahmed Bey ai his successor Mohammed at Tunis—Abd-er-Rahman isola- ted himselt'as much as possible from foreigners, and centred his happiness in not borrowing anything from their science, their industry or their arts. If it had been possible for him to surround his empire with a cir S, behind which he might have lived in dd quiet, without hearing any noise from abroad, in the midst of his seraglio of seven hundred wives and his treasury of two hundred millions of francs, he would have done it. Europe, civilization, Christianity were the bugbears of that barbarian, who hated even the English, although he suffered their influence in the affairs of his commerce, and sometimes their political mediation. He only had re- course to them with pleasure when he was sick. Abd-er-Rahman was, however, less cruel than most of bis predecessors or brother Sultans; it is but just to state it. However, atthe commencement of his reign he had no scruples whatsoever to use violence against his com- petitors; but when his power was firmly established, he renounced useless punishments, but reserved for himself the right of sentencing to death, and very seldom applied ‘that penalty. An insatiable ct lity was rather his domi- pant passion, and will remain distinctive characteris- tic in history. His life was spent in accumulatiag trea- sures, and he often had recourse to rigors and frauds to increase them. Heavy taxes on his peopie, arbi- trary fines, arrest “and spoliation of all’ those who were said to be rich, falsification of coin, weights and measures, imperial monopolies, traffic of offices, sudden increase in the tariff, small salaries to all his servants, forced presents, forced loans never paid back—he used all the expedients that the genius of covet- ousness could find out. By that concourse of odious ma- nouvres he succeeded in making one of the mast unfor- tunate countries of the world from one of the handsomest ones, and his name would have been cursed by his peo- ple had he not been the descendant of the Prophet, which quality protected him against their hatred. Respect com- bined with terror to silence their complaints; but the spec- tacle of universal misery, the navy entirely destroyed, trade lingering, the roads deserted, and even the general silence testified against a régime iniquitous and stupid at Bo amas time. His death has been saluted as a signal of livery. Will ff successor and eldest son, Mouley Mohammed, who has taken possession of the power, spontancously change those barbarian traditions? What we know about him does not authorize such hopes, He is said to be as distrustful aud covetous as his father, and more wicked still. Mohammed was defeated at Isly, and still bears, it is said, rancotr in his heart from his defeat. For the last fifteen years he has prepared himself to take his revenge, by a regular organization, on those troops which shame. fully ran away when under his command; he has bought large quantities of guns and ammunition in England to arm them, and with the help of so: from the Algerian garrisons he has end line them. To increase his knowledge he has seriously studied astronomy or ‘ hoping thus to become worthy of the véle for which has been preparing himself for a long time, and undoubt- edly with some impatience, as he is nearly jifty years old. France will await him with steady foot, and ‘will per- haps show less condescension towards a new prince than towards an old man, whose weakness was protected by his great age. Without commencing hostilities, or looking after the occasions for war and glory, France will reso- lutely accept them, even if the national flag is to be led by the fortune of arms into the midst of the empire on the coasts bordering the ocean aud the Mediterranean, ad- joming the Algerian coasts, . The warlike inclinations of Mouley Mohammed will per- haps gooner bave occasion to show themselves, The de. spatches which have apprised us of the death of his father, and the accession of his eldest son, add that there are al- ready four parties contesting for the power. Mohammed will probably triumph, for he is at the head of the army and ofthe treasury; for a long time he has been Governor of Fez, and designated as the presumptive heir of the throne, he prepared supporters in the whole empire; but his triumph will require tong and difficult struggles. In the meantime Spain arms a fleet against the mountaineers of the Riff, her implacable foes; and even if the Emperor of Moroceo wanted to leave them to their fate, as rebels, he will be obliged to oppose himself against all increase of territory and power of a Christian nation. Such eonjec tures are favorable to obtain the concessions whic France has a right to demand from so neighhoring a pow ‘We will point out as the most urgent ones :—First, the ex- tension to France, in conformity with the treaty of Sep- tember 10, 1844, of all the privileges granted to England by the conventions 6 1850; second, the authorization to the European Coneuts to tive in such’quartors as they may think conyenient in the cities. where they re- side, instead of being, as now, confined in the gidto of the Jews;’ third, liberty for Christian worship, sim man empir man fanaticiem : fo mguera tom ar to that gran in the whole of t and which is refused in Morocco by M rth, the establishment of a re om House d rand 0 as to open were not, the empire 10 8° pute current of importation and ex- fifth, / tioally—and this, constitutes the main condition—the | ce of the European consuls imperial cit" @, ex or Mequinez, with full guarantees for their sec’ sity. During the reign of Abd-er-Rahman, except’ jy extraordinary embassies, Europe only cominu- nicate 4 with the Emperor through the Minister of Foreign Aft? 4¢, who resided in Tangiers, and it was an unceas- ig cause of emi 18 and anisunderstand- . No more tham the Emperor of China, the Expperor of Morocco, surrounded with mystery, had any knowledge of the and wishes of the European representatives. Court of Fes is as inaccessible as that of Pekin, and the ministers of Tangiers are not more disposed than those of Canton to make troublesome com- munications. It is undoubtedly well t© open China and Japan to Euro- pean influence; but while applauding the movements of our fleets and our diplomacy in those distant countries, we ought not to forget that there is in the West, about two. hours distance from Spain, an empire as vastas France, as closed as is the East to all foreigners by a jealous and bar- barous fovernment—an empire peopled by eight millions- beneath a magnificent sky, on a soil of marvellous fer, tility, rich in @ multitude of products which will be a source of incalculable exchange for Europe. Under the indifferent or distracted eyes of Europe this country is open to all the violence of despotism, to all the miseries of servitude. It is inaccessible to commerce, to the sci- ences, to industry, to the faith of Europe. Will it not be worthy of France, Beata, and England, who have united their banners in the seas of Asia, for the service of Christianity and civitization, to unite ‘them also, with the same view, along the borders of Morocco? The governments alone can know fhe opportune hour for united or isolated intervention, but they should not know it to be very dis- tant, and France particularly ought to hold herself ready at all times, because to her the affairs of Morocco are once more Algerian affairs, MOVEMENTS OF THE NEW EMPEROR OF MOROCCO. ‘The Paris Pays gives the following from Tangiers, rela- tive to the late events.in the interior of M@rocco:— The new Emperor Sidi Mohammed, on arfiving at Fez at the head of a considerable body of troops, went immedi ately to the jue of Mouley-Edyrs to perform his deyo- tions and’to receive from the hands of the chief of the Imans, the green turban, which is always worn by the heir of the ty, of the Cherifls, The following day, being informed that one of his competitors was in the field, he left for the south,and on the 12th a desperate combat took place, in which the Emperor was victorious. His army was about 40,000 strong. His opponent was a relative (son of Muley Soleiman), who had assembled a numerous body of partizans, and had hoped to gain possession of the city of Fe It may be remembereed that when the father of the late Emperor, Abd-er-Rghman, died, the latter was only sixteen years of age, and his uncle, Muley Soleiman, got himself proclaimed; and the young prince, instead of ex- citing disturbances to regain his throne, assisted his uncle in the government, and was named to the command of the army, where he distinguished himself by his courage. On the death of Muley Soleiman, Abd-er-Rahman ascended the throne. Three of the sons of Muley Soleiman died during the reigt of the late Emperor. The fourth and last survivor is one who now attempts to dispute the throne with Sidi Mohammed. The check which this pre- tender has. now received is not definitive, and civil war may continue for some time; but the Emperor has a strot ‘ty in his favor and powerful means at command. is army is trustworthy and his treasury well filled. His adversary is & man without any great talent; but he is aided by a bold and energetic sheik, who has enlisted many partisans in his cause. The new Emperor does not entertain any of the ideas which are attributed to him by those who are not ac- quainted with the real state of affairs in Morocco, He has great respect for France, and Mr. Drammond Hay, the English Consul, who had’an audience with him at Fea, states that the Emperor is desirous of being on terms of peace and amity with all the European Powers. Interesting from Hayti. [Correspondence of the Boston Atlas. Port Av PRixcr, August 22, 1859. THR ADMINISTRATION OF GEFFRARD. Seven months ago to-day General Fabre Geffrard left Port au Prince, in an open boat, for the seaport of Go- naives, to inaugurate a revolution against the Emperor Soulougue. On the 15th of January he re entered the Capitol, ‘‘amid the shouts, a thousand times repeated, of Vive la Republique! Vive le President Geffrard.”” A month passed before the revolutionary volunteers had left the city, or the administration could be said to be firmly established. Six months, therefore, have elapsed since he has been a ruler, with the opportunity of distin- guishing himself as a reformer, in Hayti. What has he done? ‘The destruction of the infamous sea-prison Labouque, the release of prisoners unjustly incarcerated, the oyer- throw of a ridiculous monarchy and aristocracy, were ne- cessities of the revolution; and these reforms, therefore, were the inevitable results of the enterprise in which he staked his fortune and life. While the wisdom which dis- tinguished his conduct in this movement titerefore—a sa- gacity which saved probably the lives of thousands—is deserving of the highest honor, the inevitable conse- quences of it cam hardly be placed among the proofs of his statemanship. We must seek for them in his subse- quent acts, CONCILIATION OF THE CASTRS. First among these acts is that system of selecting men of every shade of color for prominent positions, which has satisfied the intelligent portion of both the Haytien castes and allayed that intolerant spirit of prejudice which, dur- ing former administrations, whether outspoken or tnex- pressed, was the greatest curse and the most serious ob- stacle tothe progress of Hayti. More has been done within the past six months, in innumerable ways, to con- ciliate the castes than ever before. . Geffrard, in the ited States, wouid be regarded by every one as a pure black; but here, where the sbadow of a ‘shade is a sub- stance, he is everywhere regarded as acolored man. is what is called a griffe or Sambo; that is, he has only oue-fourth white blood; but his skin is darker than pyen his three-fourths pure blood would indicate. A mulatto, in strictly technical language, is the offspring of a pure white and pure black, while a griffe is the child of a mu- latto and a black, or of two griffes. Gen. Geffrard’s wife would pass anywhere for a white woman, and his chil- dren, therefore, by this new combination, ‘are, as well in technical accuracy as in common designation,’ mulattoes. Some are like their father, a some like their mother, light complexioned. These facts have a vast importance in Hayti; they are to be taken into account in esti- mating the stability of government. It would re- quire too great a space to explain this singular fact; or, rather, the events and ideas which created it. It would be too much to gay that Geffard is a national idol; for there are sttipid fools of both castes who are opposed to con- ciliation. A mulatto one day pointed out to me the Go- ernor of Port au Prince and the Commandant de la Place—the first a black man, the second a mulatto—and denounced Geffrard in these ludicrous terms: ‘Look he said, ‘the Governor is a negro, and a colored man has to hold the second rank: that’s Getfrard’s policy.”? ‘What would you have?’ I asked. His answer was too »remember, but its import was that only colored nen should rule. ’ “Boyer” he said, “did not do that; he had no polic Boyer was a mulatto, and the blacks assert that he enabled the colored men to monopolise the offices. An American emigrant told me, a few days ago, that during all the time of Boyer’s rule he never saw or knew of a mulatto being imprisoned; that, when a black or a mulatto went to law, the colored man invariably succeeded in his case; and that when they quarrelled in the street or elsewhere the black man was almost always taunted with being a negro. “I have often heard mulattoes say,’ he added, “that Europe and America were the white man’s countries; Africa the negroes; but Hayti was the country of the colored man—and then advise the black to go to Africa.” These statements may be inaccurate; forevery fact of every kind, on every subject, is disputed or denied in ti. Of all countries, it is the most difficult to get facts in. Among the blacks, on the other hand, some attempts have been made to create a counter revolution, and seve- ral clubs and conspirators have been formed, but broken. up. A common soldier was offered a large sum of money by aspiring demagogues to shoot the President; but, bein treated kindly by him, confessed that he had ovnsented to kill him, and gave him the written promise of a mem- ber of his own staff to pay the amount when he succeeded. The President handed the confession to the traitor, but took no other action against him. To-day a mulatto wo- man was shipped out of the country for “treasonable cor- respondence’’ with Soulouque. She had been one of his mistresses. Some months ago this correspondence was discovered, and the President sent for her and spoke kindly to her. She only answered that Soulouque had been overthrown, and other persons might be. ‘This sort of spunk is very fine to read about, but in a country like Hay it is not so good in action. She persisted in her cor- respondence with her ex.imperial lover, and yesterday He was furnished with her passports free of charge. It re- quired a guard of soldiery, I was told, to protect her against the fury of the popu. tas Even action like this” does not Satisfy every one. Some people, like young Barnacle, must have blood, and others again are in favor of even milder mea- sures than Geffrard takes. For example:—~“My dear sir, that was very bad policy; Gelfrard could have stopped the foolish woman months ago; why didn't he make her his mistress? That would have ended her correspondence with Soulouqué Some men have a resplendent genius for suppressing dissatisfaction; but Geftrard will do well enough until such men suceced him, : eflrard las no fear of overthrow or insurrections. He peaks freely and frequently of it in his public speeche: other Sunday I head him gay he was perfectly indif. ferent to any such attempts; that he would take no mea- Sures against traitors until they gathered a force, and —_ he would march against it with twenty men and put it down. If he got a chance to talk to them I do not doubt it; for he talks well, and the people hate bloodshed. If Geffrard rules ten years and fails to extinguish the Prejudices of caste, provided he continues his present po- liey (which T do not doubt), it wil! be impossible, I most sincerely believe, to obliterate this lingering trace of slaye- ry at ail, at least by peaceful agencies or without an exter - nal force—such, for example, as a war with France or the United States. Such an event would make them a unit: Dut it would cost too much, and create still greater evils,’ RELIG! Roman Catholicism; a quiet indifference to Christianity; and the idolatrous system of Obeah: these are the chit religions or no religions of Hayti. In this country Pro- testantism has only a slender foothold; of its five hundred thousand inhabitants less than a thousand are even nomi- nally Protestants, The Roman Catholic is the professed religion; but the greater part of the men of the more educated class are indifferent to it—ueither believers, un- believers nor scoffers. At the period of the great Revol. tion, which ended in the expulsion of the whites, of the half million of saves then living two hundred thousand had been imported within the ten preceding years Africa by the slave trade, . neo Of the rest, the greater number were little better than idolators; for the colonial slaveholders had not. made the discovery—so creditable to the intellect of our Southern frionds—that religion, properly perverted, might be mado the most powerful of ‘all shackles on the slave; they con- tented themselves with enslaving the body. © Four- teen years of a fearful war of races; eloven years moro of a War of caste.; (between Petion, the mulatto Presi. and Christophe, the black King,) although a few mix. sionarice from England came ont, and the nogro monarch attempted to emulate the act of Henry the ighth, were by no means congen » bute long. in 1 to the conversion of people, ag still further demoralized, Nguinary series of conf Wonly dive yeare of peace, under Pregid well Then came 7 ° Boyer. He wAs Gxpelled ih 1843. Four of fre- quent revolts, “#ith a new President fevers Wir, were succeeded by eleven years of the barbaric dominniion of the Emperor Soulouqie, who, himself'a secret idolator, a worshipper of wre, did ever: in bis. power (not openly, indeed, for he was sensitive foreign opi- pion) to encourage the Va Oppose moral progress, and extinguish every effort to advance civilization, © Sor’ cery which, altbough not extinguished, had been obliged to hide itself under all previous rulers, in the evil days of Soulouque’s bad reign raised its horrid front to public view. Hence the assertion, sometimes made in America, that the Haytiens were returning to idolatry. Thanks to the French slaveholders, idolatry existed in Hayti; but from the moment that the negroes rose in revolt up to the resent hour it has xearly and widely been losing ground. fen years more, with Soulouque as ruler, and it have re-established itself with terrible power; but with Geffrard in the ‘National Palace, it will be forced to fly again to the mountains and caves for protection. ‘The blacks of Hayti very generally believe that only white men can be Christian priests. There is only one black priest in Hayti, There are about thirty white priests. men are chiefly natives of Corsica, and moet of them, a Haytien agsured me, had been compelled to leave their country to escape imprisonment. With one or two exceptions these priests are vile fellows, They live openly with concubines, and are notoriously licentious and drunkards. They will do anything for money—bless wanga charms, houses, horses, donkeys, carts; anything with life, or without. ‘The Civil Chief is the head of the Catholic Church in Hayti; the Pope has absolutely no jurisdiction here; all the riests are of the same order; there are neither Arch- Ciahope nor Bishops, nor any other Efforts have re, eal been made by Rome to secure a spiritual Jurisdiction in this island; but the people, having had more than enough of white domination in the days of slavery. and jealous of their freedom, have invariably declined these overtures, There was a talk, during my first visit, of aconéordant with Rome. But, happily, it ended in talk, The government, however, has sent to France for one hundred decent priests. secured, it will be a great improvement; for the confidence of the country peo- ple in their religious guides and their teachability, is al- most unbounded. ‘The State interferes with the (church in Hayti only toa beneficial extent. It pays the priest a small salary, and regulates his fees, of which it wisely takes the lion’s share. The church, therefore, is more than gelf-sup- ted. Pemhere is no such thing known in Hayti as religious into- lerance. Protestantism is as much, or more, favored than the Catholic Church; for the government ts Protestantism and does not interfere in its financial affairs. ‘The Massachusetts Bible Society sent a hundred Testa- ments to Hayti for gratuitous distribution; they were en. tered, free of duty, and given away at once, and the ma- gnificent copy which was forwarded to the President, was Neceived. with pleasure, and gracefully acknowledged. I could not advise any agent to attempt the same experi- ment in Catholic Cuba, unless he desires to find a place in the Book of Martyrs and receive the crown of martyr- dom. For the encouragement of the renewal of Protestant efforts in Hayti, I translate from the various constitutions of the island the articles relating to toleration. Detealines, who completed the extinction of the whites, first proclaimed the doctrines of religious toleration. 1n the constitution of 1805 of the empire of Hayti, the fiftieth article declares that ‘The law admits of no governing re- lgion;”’ the fifty-first, that ‘The liberty of worship is tole- rated,” and the fifty-second,'that “The State makes no provision for the support of either worship or minister.’? Petion, the mulatto President of the republic of Hayti, made equal liberal provisions. In the constitution of 1806 the thirty-fi{th article is:—‘The Roman Catholic religion, being the religion of all the Haytiens, is the religion of the State. Itshall be specially protected, as, also, its. minis- ters.” Article thirty-six is:—‘The law allows each min- ister the extent of his spiritual administration. These ministers cannot, under any pretext, form a body of State.” Article thirty-seventh is:—If, hereafter, other religions are introduced, no person shall be restrained in the ‘exercise of the religion of their choice, provided he conferms to the laws.”” Protestantism was introduced under Petion, by in 1817. ‘He gave the his special invitation, missionaries a cordial welcome and assured them of perfect liberty to preach, travel and build housts of worship where they pleased. His ob- ect," cays the Haytien writer whom I quote, ‘‘in thus favoring Protestantism was to destroy the influence of certain papal priests who fomented contentions and dis- orders most pernicious to the young gnd growing repub- lic.” Whatever may have been his motive, he was true to his promise. In the constitution of 1816, under Boyer, the forty-ninth article reads, ‘All religious worship is permitted in the republic, conformably with the laws.”” By the constitution of 1843 (under Reviere) “All reli- gionsare equally free. Each one bas the right to profess his religion and worship in freedom; provided he does not disturb public order.”” In the constitutions of 1846 and 1849 (the last being un- der the empire of Soulouque) the rights of religious free- dom and worship are expressed in the language of the constitution of 1843. ‘The constitution of 1846 is in vigor now. The emphatic declaration of the government, that ‘‘no one shall ever be called on to defend the Roman Catholic religion, whether he believes it or not,” is both a prophecy aud guaravtee of better days to come. The Galway and bbe S York Postal Con- ract. Sir Cusack Roney has addressed a startling communica- tion to the Dublin journals in reference to the Treasury subsidy towards the Lever line of packets. He says:— I pledge myself to the complete accuracy of what I am now about to stateto you. It is the intention of the pre- sent government to ‘endeavor to set aside the contract with the Lever Company for the conveyance of the Ameri- can mails through Ireland, and the effort is to be made next session of Parliament, by means of the reappoint. ment of the Committee on Packet Contracts, of which Mr. Cobden was chairman. The probability is that this state- ment will, in the usual course, be denied by the organs of the government. If it be, I shall be ready to give the proofs upon which T found it. My fellow countrymen will, 1 um sure, take prompt measures to repel this attempt at repudiating a contract. which, if efficiently carried out, will not only confer lasting benefit upon Ireland, but will, beyond doubt, give to all Europe and to all America the shortest, the quickest, and the safest communication be- tween the two continents. I consider it right that a per- son who makes such an accusation as that which I now make should at once be known; I, therefore, subscribe myself, sir, your very obedient servant, oxvow, Kept. 20. CUSACK P. RONEY. The Freman's Journal, in a long and rather angry comment upon the foregoing, expresses its disbelief in the accuracy of Sir Cusack’s information, and sete out the reasons which induce it to arrive at the conclusion that no [tenga a, having gone so far, could now venture to reak taith'in the manner alleged. Sir Cusack Roney on the indignant journal) — - Who now appears in the character of one who has been made the sole depository of this government secret, does not tell us the occasion ‘on which he was taken into the Cabinet councils, nor the motives which influenced the ‘final’ decision; neither does he tell us why the present Juncture is selected for making the formal announcement that the government has determined to do that which we do not hesitate to affirm no government ever yet did, and which we as unhesitatingly assert the present government neither could do nor dare do. Who may have induced Sir Cusack Roney to believe in the accuracy of the state- ment he 80 confidently makes, we are, of course, at a loss to conjecture; but we would earnestly advise our respected correspondent never again to place any faith in the imaginary facts of any individual who could vyeature to be tic on an alleged fact, which a little consideration must have shown him could not be accurate, Any per- son who read the speech of Father Daly, at the late meeting of the Galway Hurbor Commissioners, cannot fail to have observed that negotiations have been proposed for the transfer, to a company of English capitalists, of all the shares and property of the Galway line; and, if rumor be correct, the sum offered as a bonus for such transfer would more than equal double the amount of the present paid up capital. If these tr could persuade a man of the position of Sir Cusack Roney that they had sent infor- mation as to the resolves of the Cabinet, as he says he has received, and could influence him, while unconscious of their designs, to circulate the rumor on his own authority, such a step might go far towards inducing ‘men to sell their shares at a present large profit, rather than hold them on in the face of such a rumor. The statement made by Father Daly us to the anxiety of English capitalists to buy out the existing shareholders, is, we believe, per- fectly true, and one of the inducements offered in addition to a very large price per share, is the promise of an un- dertaking to sail the ships from the port of Galway. If the shareholders could ouly be [seokyprare that the subsidy could be withdrawn, many of them would be ready to ac- cept the offer of the English ty, who want to grasp the Ine and crush it; and Sir Cusack will readily see how valuable to these parties must be even the brief exten- ‘sion of the rumor that the government has determined to break faith with the public. We venture, then, to assure Sir Cusack Roney that his alarms are groundless; that the rumor he now circulates ig but the echo of the exploded gossip of last month; and we will proceed, not to promise, but to give our pre thatthe government has not come to the infamous resolution he attributes to them, and | Com could not come to it evew if so disposed. In the’ first place, then, it is admitted that the Galway contract was made with due deliberation, and perfected with all the usual formalities. It is a deed signed and sealed by all the contracting parties—by the Ministers @f the Crown on the one side, and by the directors of the company on. the other side, and neither party can set aside that deed. ‘There are several conditions embodied in that instrument, and among them is one that the models of ships intended to be used in the Galway mail service shall be submitted to and approved by the Admiralty. Since the present government came into office these models have been sub- mitted to the Admiralty. Modifications have been made in these models by the Admiralty, and the ships are now being built under the inspection of an Admiralty officer, in accordance with the suggestions of the Admiralty Board. Thus, the government has not only tacitfy acquiesced in, but has actually taken part in prot and furthering the fulfilment of the conditions of the contract; and yet certain parties for their own good and profitable ends have persuaded Sir Cusack Roney that her Majesty's Min- isters—men of experience in public affairs, and gentle. men, and men of honor in private, whatever may be their shortcomings in political matters—will deliberately, atealthily, treachorously, and with an utter disregard. of the public credit, repudiate a solemn deed entered into by their predecessors, and ratified by their own acts. Had Sir Cusack taken time to think, he would have concluded that the government, no matter how great their real or Presumed hostility to Ireland, could not break the Galway contract. The House of Commons might refuse the money, but the government could not repudiate the deed, ‘as was sarcastically remarked by Mr. Disraeli when Mr. Gladstone, as the Liverpool advocate, assailed the late government for "I Ireland a share in the postal service of the nation. ey then, toll Sir Cusack, and we tell it to him as the organ of the country and of common sense, that the g ‘nment has not the power to repudiate the Galway contract—that it has not the power to set it aside, and that no committee of the House—not nthe House of Commons itself—can interfere with that contract. Covurr or Ciaims Ocr. twelve M. Present Judges Bh Henry McGill, of Washington 'T ‘ourt to take tes re ‘The Conrt opened at kford and Scarburgh. appointed a « to CITY POLITICS. The Party Organtzations—Candidates for + Office and the Spoils ot Office. ‘The Tammany Hall organization is composed of a solf- elected, eoi-distant General Committee, consisting of 710 members (five from every ward), some fifteen of whous live either out of the city or the ward thoy represent. There are twenty-two Ward Committees, composed of) small office holders, co-operating with the General Com- mittee, of about twenty members each. The Mozart Hall General Committee consists of 1 members, who are elected from seventeen Assembly d trict agsociations, being ten from cach association. , The Empire Club, Central Democratic Club, Man! Club, Metropolitan Club, and Young Men's Democt Union Club, completes the organization of the democ! ‘Three of these Clubs claim @ majority for the Mozart democracy. P ‘The republicans have a General Committce of 110 me bers, who are elected by their Ward associations, q Central Club, which meets at the Chinese Assd Rooms during a political canvass. ‘The Ward associations are soon to meet and 209 persons to act as ‘Outside Rogistrars’? at the tration of eletors, The duty of these ‘Outside Regist will be to make a list of their own, have it printed, then ascertain whether false registrations have made, by canvassing each election district. On day they will use this list as challengers. ‘The American organization consists of a Councif "Club, the leaders of which move as mysteriously as é ‘The whigs have a General Committee and Chabsy ei bracing considerable wealth and influential men.” We herewith give a list of the candidates of ail who are solicitous of serving the “dear people” in offic for both its honor and its spoils. Our list embraces those candidates who aspire to office within the gift of denizens of the city and county. At the approaching November election, at which tim State officers are to be chosen, we shall be called updn te chose a Judge for the Supreme bench, to fill the seat he £0 ably filled by Judge James J. Roosevelt; a Judge the Superior Court, a Judge of the Marine Court, ty county Supervisors, four State Senators and seve members of the Assembly. At the charter, or December election, a Mayor, t to the Corporation, two Almshouse Governors, eight Al- dermen, twenty-four Councilmen, forty-four Constables: and School Officers are to be elected. The candidates for these positions, or rather for thu chief ones, are as follows:— THE JUDICIARY. For THe Surreme Bencu, Judge Roosevelt is a candidate: for renomination, and possibly may get it, notwithstand- ing Tammany Hallis in favor of Douglas, and the Judge of Mr. Buchanan, for the Charleston nomination. John E. Russell, William H. Leonard, Judge Alexander H. Morton and Ambrose L. Pinuey are the other demo- cratic candidates, ‘The republicans talk of William M. Everts and David) Dudley Field for this position. For JupGe oF THe Surgrior Covrr, Judge James Mon- crief will probably be renominated by the democrats, as he seems to be the most popular candidate, ‘The republicans speak of\Charles S. Spencer. For THs Marine BeNcH the candidates are mostly young lawyers, Democrats—Hon. Richard Winne, ex-member of the Legislature; Hiram Ketchum, Jr.; Henry H. Mo- range; Charles Shea, and Spencer W. Cone, of the Spr veyor’s office, and one of the editors of the Sunday Times. Republicans—Joseph C. Breck, Edward Kingsley, Georg D. Gale, and Charles C. Nott, American-Republican. For SuPgrvisor, the democratic candidates are Dougla Taylor, James B. Nicholson, Robert H. Ellis, Charles @ Cornell, and Alderman Thomas W, Adams. The repabli can candidates are Doctor Timothy Hubbard, James Tut. hill, ex-Alderman Davis and Andrew Green. The act of the Legislature of 1857 altered the mode in whigh the Board of Supervisors of the county were constituted. and prescribed the annual selection at the charter cleetior of twelve persons to compose the Board. By a supple- mentary act, passed April, 1858, by the republican wa. jority in the Legislature, the terms of the Supervisors ‘were continued, and a classification of the members or- dered, which divided the Board into six classes, with terms varying from one to six years, each clase to consis: of one member elected and one appointed at th ction first held, and thereafter two Supervisors to be annually elected for the term of six years. By this supplementary, act ne Board will remain half republican and half demo, cratic. STATE SENATORS. There are four Senatorial districts in the county, which were represented last year in the State Senate by as many democrats. Senators elected this fall will belong to the Ivgisiatare of 1861, which is to elect a United States Senator to fill the chair now occupied by William H. Seward, 9 Should Mr. Seward fail to reach the Presidency in 1880 his friends will desire his re-election in 1861 to the seat he now occupies. As Mr. Seward recently declared in hie famous Rochester — that there was an “irrepressible contlict”’ between slave labor and free labor, or to that effect, his re-election to the United States Senate in 1861, by the Legislature, would be considered by the Sonth as & virtual endorsement by the Empire State, of My. Seward’s doctrines, The democracy, knowing this, will no doubt nominate good men and available men for Senators, in or- der that they may get a majority in the Legislature of 61. Should they succeed in securing a majority in the State Senate, they may carry a pee into the Assembly im 1860 under the prestige of the Presidential ticket. ‘The Assemblymen elected in the fall of ’60 will take their seats in the Legislature of ’61. ‘The Fourth Senatorial district of this county consists of the following wards, viz.:—From the First to the Eighth inclusive, and the Fourteenth ward. The district last year was represented by John C. Mather, who is again a candidate for re-nomi? nation by the democrats. Besides Mr. Mather, Super- visor Tweed, of the Seventh ward; John Mcleod Murphy, of the Seventh ward; John ¥. the Fifth ward; ex-Alderman Wilson, of the First ward; Peter race of the Fourteenth ward, and Hon. Jacob L- Smith, of the First ward, are the democratic candidates, Ex-Alderman Wilson is the Mozart nominee, ° Andrew Bleakley, First ward ; Doctor Samuel Hat, : Eighth ward, who ran two years ago for this office, ; Eleazor Jackson, are the republican candidates, Kirra Disraict.—This district embraces the Eleventh, Thirteenth and Seventeenth wards, Smith Ely, Jr., a Tammany Hall democrat, represented. it An: the last Senate, and will, it is said, getthe \y Domi- my Winthsop Chandler, a” . rop Tr, a Tammany man, who was a member of the Assembiy last year, and who was ve active in its affairs, is alsoa candidate. Mr. Chandler tool @ part in making the “Treaty of Washi ?? last win- ter as one of the “Tammany braves.” Dr. Thomas Doyle and Supervisor Little are talked of as the best and most available republican candidates, Sixra Dis S district comprises the Ninth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Eighteenth wards, and was re- presented last year by Richard Schell, brother of the lector ot the Port. Mr. Schell desires a re-nomina- oes Ware D. Parsons, of the Daily News, is the Mozart nominee, Elijah Ward, who was a member of the late Con- gress, is spoken of as a candidate, but as Mr. Schell and * Mr. Ward are ‘bosom friends,’ it is said that the latter will not stand in tho way of the former. Robert Living- ston, of the Sixteenth ward, and ex-Alderman William J. Brieley, are the other democratic candidates. Frederick D. Conekiing, Isaac Dayton, Hon. George Opdyke, B. G. Dutcher and Charles 8, Spencer are the Opposition candi- dates. Mr. Dutcher is Chairman of the Young Men’s Repub- lican General Committee, and a young man of talent, Mr. Spencer was a candidate before the late Republican State- Convention for the nomination of Attorney-General. Mr... Spencer also aspires to the nomination for Judge of the Superior Court. _ SkventH Disrricr.—This district embraces the Twelfth, Nineteenth, Twentieth, Twenty-first and Twenty-second. . wards, The late John Doherty represented this district in the last Senate, Richard B. Connolly, ex-County Clerk, desires the Nomination, and expects to get it. It was said some time since that Mr. Connolly had retired from gis life—that he had made a fortune. But Mr. Connolly now cries for “more,” like Oliver Twist, and expects ‘‘more.’? Joel "Wolfe, Ksq., brother of Udolpho Wolfe, the “schnapps” man, who has spent ten thousand doligrs to Promote the success of democratic principles,and who hag devoted much time to the party, is a formidable candidate against, Mr. Connolly for the nomination. André Fro- ment, Conrad Swackhamer, editor of the Democratic Re~ view; and the President of the present Board of Alder- men, Thomas McSpedon, are the other democrats in tho fleld. P. G. precy eee been nominated by the Mozart party. William A. Darling, Esq., President of the Third Avenue Railroad; General James W. Nye, ex-Police Com- missioner, of “house and lot’’ notoriety; John H, Cum. mings and John H. White, of the Twenty-first ward, are the republican candidates. , There are no American candidates talked of at present for State Senators. No doubt but what they will meet in secret conclave at the “eleventh hour’ and nominate tickets in all the above districts unless the leaders sell ou to the highest bldder. Nous verrons. ; ASSEMBLY CANDIDATES 5 There are seventeen Assembly districts in this count (city), Some comprising portions of wards and some sin « gle wards, As the public is not familiar with the districn mane we give an idea of the territorial bounds of each strict. Finer Disrrrct—Comprising the First, Second and Third, and one election district each of the Fourth and Sixth . wards. Democratic candidates, Simon Meyers, Clerk te the Board of Aldermen; Dennis Quinn, lawyer; Be Ray, steamboat captain: ‘Thomas McKnight, ‘ Scop Disraict-En portions of the Fourth and Sixth wards. Democrats, Patrict Crowe and Thomas Kevlin. There are so few opposition votes in this distelet that no republican or American feels inclined to be a can- didate. Tmrn District—Comprises the Fifth and the Third and Fighth wards, Democrats. Reynilicans ©. B. Woodruff, Vorbe A. Jackson Plumb, J Contrell John Neatly Henry A. Morgan Teaae Gayler, Fourth Disrric portions of Amerin William te ms. Embraces a few elect