The New York Herald Newspaper, October 5, 1859, Page 2

2 ADDITIONAL FROM EUROPE. erent TRE MAILS OF THE HUNGARIAN, Dyitish Excitement in Regard to San Juan Island. @hiva to be Invaded and Pekin Stormed, ae, he, Rey ‘Me mails of tho Hungarian reached this city from ‘uebec yesterday afternoon. @or ample telegraphic summary from Farther Point, ‘published on the 3d instant, embraced the main features 08 the news, but our files contain some very interesting @efails which are given to-day. ‘The Belfast (Ireland) Mercurp of the 19th ultimo says:— ‘We are in a position to report the Ulster potatoe crop as Perfectly sound on the whole, and as turning out better in q@eality and more abundant in quantity than during any Beason since the famine. ‘The Manchester Guardian of the 2ist of September, fpeaking of the Great Eastern accident, says;— ‘The culpable laxity of precious understanding which allows any dispute t exist on this point was not re- motely the cause of the deplorable accident, and, with @ut deeirit to add to the painful embarrassment of Mr. Scott Russell’s position, we may hope that he will bave learnt the danger of assuming functions of command without taking care that a definite comprehension of his position is present to his own mind, and distinctly com- manicated to others, THE SAN JUAN ISLAND DIFFICULTY @pinio: of the English Press on the American Occupation mn the London Post (government organ), Sopt. 20.) re we see the possible elements of a quarrel which, ‘W-net checked at the very outset, may lead te complications im comparison with which the Maine and former Oregon (gestions will appear tritling and contemptible. We need enly refer to the significant fact next stated—namely, ‘that at the date of the last advices “there were three British and four American men-of-war at San Juan.” ‘What do the Americans want with so large a force in those eas? The object must, we suspect, be something more important than to give protection to American subjects ia Columbia, Governor Douglass concluded his message by announcing that “her Majesty’s ships Tri Bune and: Plumper had been ordered to land a detach ment of Yo¥al Shgineers and marines for the protection subjeets, and that the officer in command has Been ordered to be concibiatory but firm in maiataining British rights.” We say nothing about the fifty Ameri- cans on shore; but it is possible that the four American men-of-war, in spite of the conciliation of the senior British officer, may oppose the landing. It is ted though not believed, that a + British steamer had opene fre vpon the Americans.’ Should any untoward ev take place. the people of the United S whose Presidency has not been very brilliant or dis: tinguished, may leave to his sor the legacy of an unjust and unnecessary complication which the m cihatory and firm diplomacy may fail in solving. The ques tion, of course, has excited great interest and excitement ‘m British Columbia and Vancouver's Island. We are told that ' a great number of Americans and English on hearing Of the dispute, have started for Ss st the officers of the men-of-war of ci the absolute necessity preventing the of these men. A and disgraceful woukl be added to bie law if the lawless miners of California should be permitted to settle, even for a time, a question affecting the territorial boundaries of two of the greate: @er the circumstan Gov. Douglass appears to have gdopted the only course that was open to him. The con. @uct of Gen. Harney, on the other hand, has been totally ‘opposed to the first principles of public law, England and the United States claim the Jsland of San Juan—an islad which is of the utmost importance from its mili as it does, acce to Fr tates in the world. Un. » determined by the inte actual marking of the boun. exist upon the astronomical right of dis disregarding th y rding the fact that the at the present time in pro of chosen to take the law into his own h: hoped that he has exceeded the instruc wishes of his own government. The pi er the question to the arbi This, everybor put the award of the King of the t may stand in thi owe: Br used to obey the and this prece further arbitration. Harney ot way of tof Ger ty hould not be Washington, we trust that the howe isn take immediate and ef! of this country tant in position very a8 well as by Deen so successful in thi that an exhibition of r eeseary. part of the present 5 mest valuable militar, promise of the Oregou district which was und determined that general que: incidents of which dipiom we would fain hope, witl be [From the Manchester Guardian (co The New York Herarn, indecd, gran Yat San Juan ‘is particularly important point of view, as commanding aarigation of the Georg true az it would be to rock of Perim sion of the In z propriety of a second Cronsta rently discussed in Englbnd.” any foundation for this statement, what culpable remiseness of our governuinent place even acorporal’s guard on this in ‘and letting it be ynominiously captured b; American soldicrs and annexed to the United fact was, however, that not ¢ glistiman out of one undred thousand knew that su island exi @f those who did know it, not one in a hundred straws whether it. belonged to, or was occupied by land or the United States: it will, of course, be urged in defence of the British au. that they were quite unprepared for the bold vhich General Harney ha avored to se- country the dominion of the Northern Pa ‘And, indeed, when the matter is calmly considered ‘the American general's exploit seems to have been nothing more than ope of thow s of piracy by which the lawiess representati of the United ‘Si tomed to settle their disputes with their wea barbarous neighbors, but which it i taught that they cannot safely indulg: and civilized nations. We do not prope to New York land be atone for the neglecting to land ig to which of the two na ion of Juan. of 1846 coneerning the Ore- t “the line of boundary be- Majesty and those of ates shall be continued westward along the forty-niuth paralle! of orth lattiude to the middie of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's Island, aud thence southerly through the middle of th 1 channel and of Fuca’s Straits to the Pacific Ocean.’” The natural construc tion of the language of this article is, that by the word “channel” is meant the whole body of water between the Continent and Vancouver's island; and as Sun Juan, by all accounts, lies to the J of the middle of this channe!, the inference crown. But the American 8 that it dole sert that th to the British channel spoken of in the treaty is that which runs, not between Vancou ver's island and the Continent, but between the former e and San Juan; and of course, if this interpretation accepted, the isla east of the channe cans. To us the ar; Beem to be that the island, being v r tothe ed On a mere quibble ntele » their except for offensive purposes, is den cans in an unfriend), this IY those matters in which we cannot, without dishonor, submit to a compromise, nn are real grounds for doubting what is the trae meaui the treaty. With that fairness and inodepation. | which our government always shows in c the government of the United State f their award, Governor Douglas, though he ki whelming British force at his disposal, d an over ordered to ri frain from attempting to prejudice the question by seizing the island in the name of his sovereign. With tis in junction, our Governor has strictly complied. The federal government at Washington sent instructions at the same time to their representatives in Oregon to observe the most conciliatory demeanor towards the British authori ties. We now see how the republican government is obeyed yy its servants. In the beginning of last month G rey sent acompany of American troops to San Juan, ‘who occupied the island, proclaimed it to be part of the territory of the United States, and exhorted its citizens to obey no laws but those of the States. Although natu. rally Writated by this impudent attempt on the part o sixty men, whom he had soldiers enough at hand to cu to pieces, to upset by violence a solemn treaty, Governor Douglass seems to have acted with the utmost forbearance, purely defensive measures, and refusing even to jand h troops on the island till he had taken precau- ons to prevent the collision which the American com- mander had endeavored to precipitate. It now remaing to be scen whether the federal riment will sanc- tion the silly and reckless conduct of Gene or whether the British Governor js justi believing that this “ unwarrantable and act, 80 contrary to the usages of eivili originated in error, and been undertaken thority of that government.” The New Yor Hewsto coolly declares that it “presumes” General Harney movements were “in obedience + and for the purpose of bringing the affair to an ies seems not to strike the American journalist tat, nor Douglass had been a hasty n, the Gene of “bringing the aftair to an issue” inight hay war between two powerful nations: nor is it ay thought of the slightest mon nat, i the case Mens states, the government of the t rendered impogejble apy settlem ont of thy in be uncourteous wed nations, has without the an NEW YORE “HERALD, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBZR 5, 1859—TRIPLE SHEET ‘by the sword. ‘Theso Americans Yr: seem to have par- suaded themecives that, af we have made many conces- fons rather than «ome fo an epee rupture with them, Wwe are willing for the sake of pe amount of bullying”and bravado.» Wo trust that the Hxrai deceives itself, and. that the the United States will speedily disavow the act of its otticer; otherwise the English government will be forced to take immediate steps for vindicating the honor of the country, and show the licensed rm of the ‘odoral army (hat they must vot appropriate British tercitory as coolly as if they were merely cutting off another slice of Mexico. [From the London News, Sept. 20.) In order to bring the alfair to a pout, and perhaps with an eye to democratic interests at the Presidential eloction, orders have been sent from Washington to General Har- ney directing him to occupy San Juan with United States troops, claiming the island as part of Washington Terri- ay ‘The Genera! had sent thither a company of infantry and four companies of artillery, supporting them with four vessels the American” navy. The New York rs state that Governor Douglass had protested the name of her Majesty against the cccupa- tion, claiming the island under the supremacy of the British’ crown, and had sont thither a force of Sappers and miners, with ber Majesty’s ships Tribnue, Satellite and Plumpor. The New York papers cagerly hail a diflculty with Ruglaud which promises a tolerab amount of excitement without the probability of becoming dangerous. The New York Hgnatp protests against the notion that this controversy is about an insignificant mat- ter, and declares that San Juan is particularly important ina military point of view; and that the propriety of making it a second Cronstadt has rece: been discussed in England. Another journal prints an account of a co!li- sion, in which thirty Americans had been killed. We may confidently put aside these extravagancies. Both Governor Douglass and General Harney had referred the matter respectively to London and Washington; and the question will now be treated quietly and with reason, as becomes the governments of the two great divisions of the race which speaks the English languag {From the London Star, Sept. 21.) The unfortunate British public would really tind enough to occupy the whole of their time in the multifurions ques tions which unceasingly demand their attention. It is, Wwe suppose, one of the penalties imposed upon us by the possession of imperial power, that We are never able to enjoy a season of tranquil!xy, and that, ag soon as we have passed through one crisis we are required to con front another, And one cannot help remarking how un expectedly events happen which are portentous im their haracter, and Likely to prove most serious in their re- s than a Week agoa quarrel with the United s would have been about the last catastrophe that ant of these British isles would bave thought Indeed since the settlement of the Stat any inhi to be impending. foreign cnl’stment questionfidud the atonement offered to America for the outrages committed upon her flag in the Gulf of Mexico, the relations of the two countries have been of a most friendly character; and this’ gratilying state of feeling has been perceptibly increased by the faith with which Mr. Buchanan is now proceeding to the anti-slave trade treaties on the coast of Africa, hatever view may be taken of the tre there can be no doubt sive and unjustiiadle conduet ly paid a visit to Governor pital of Vancouver's Island, 4 tw his ulterior de- ‘ion of San Juan with- 'y from his own govern- whatever to the British authori. ted, and with the perfeet without opening his’ lips signs; and he to ible out the production ¢ ment, without any notic ties whom he knowledge that th to be dis can to exer We : therefor indignation at these : to which Governor Douglass gives expression in his m to tho Van- couver’s Island Legislature, and especially with the following — pa Convinced that any as sumption on either = puted exclusive right to the dis. rritory would simply be a fruitless and mischiev- sto of energy, neither detracting from nor adding 0 the claims of either nation, wise aud considerate policy enjoins upon us the part of leaving so important a national question for settlement by the proper authorities, and of avoidiug complications foreign to the views and wishes of, and probably embarrassing to, both govern. ment We are not overnor, after hay ing adopted this jnst view of the qucstion, and made up his mind that the tevo governments could alone settle the difficulty, acted wisely in sending two aud a body of suppers and miners of ships war u of General Harney’s exploits, as there probably causiderable danger from the ’ close contiguity ch highly oxplosive materials. » question should remain untouched inat We, for our part, enter- ong om that the American government ot sanction the acts of General Harn so far as they have been a, That person has been on- gaged for man war agaiust the Tn ; d with the usages of A hot blooded Southerner, and 2 with Cuban utral American we have no doubt, both the ‘i have too to the int ik and the American he oot sense, and will be | of their respective coun fair to endanger the friendship Daists between them. We are quite which now | sure that the p ngry or excited about it; and we hope our breth- ross the water will regard it with that “candid and it which one of their noblest writers, ton Irving, enjoins as the duty of the members of above alfothe Ig the two governments isfactory undrstanding, then why, allowing bad ‘blood to be nerayed, should they not refer the question in & ite to the arbitration of a friendly Pow Provision has al- been made for this in the treaty which has refer. ve to submit to any | him only a cory ernment Of | bad entere: | only parting from him when he went to pl | Something of the character of the se: of England will not be so unwise as | | own ei | 0 the ; and if such a com. pact be expedient on t lores of the continent | why should it not be o tageous on the western? One great good will, w ow out of this quarrel. hat. the ‘ion, which has been the © of 80 map} the two nations, will ne asting settlement. boundary que Ke and years past periodically heard that commissioners had bec appointed, that surveys were bel made, and the astronomical line was abont to ’ give mut which there should be no : thy boundary remains unde- pme Mephistopheles wished to keep open a |. We, therefore, call upon the e to a boundary al of their respective governments that they shall ce put an end to this dangerous qnestion, and so ac- curately define the limits of the two countries as to pre- vent the possibility of future misunderstanding. We can- not close these r without expressing our gratifica- tion at the friendly and moderate tone adopted by the principal orgaus ot the American press in their comments on this subject: and we hupe that their example will be all their contemporaries on this side of the THE WAR IN CHINA. An Allied Invasion—Pekin to be Stormed and the Whole Empire Assatled. {From the London Post (government organ), Sept. 21.) Tle events of lust June have, however, dispelled all onr premature dreams, and shown us that we have a 3 tly work to do before the diplo- » agreed to can that were es d. That work is - y arduous, tong and > acted upon, spected to ensue neither more nor less than a to insist that the treaty shail grits al observance. m i war of invasion ha be carried out in To do this we er parts of the whole empire this We muct push our forces into t he capital. And we must do all this, terrible as it is, without flinching ing, on ‘any morbid pretence of mercy tow arted and wnoffend ing natives. ‘The lesson going to teach must be a lesson to all—to the Emperor, to his & 8, to the peo ple of the coast, to those of the interior, to soldiers and to sailors, to old and to yor sharp, but it need not be cruel, a ve, not thi and is powerful only, but that she is just Theat she will in on treaties beiag the Chinese have much ntercourse with hi our Chancellor of the distanes extent, must must fall upon those who time for new conditions of 1 + the weatth of China must pay the piper. Even then the cost to England will be great, but not more, we may well trust. than will be compensated antages of opening China once for all to the the world i its significance should hequer atl Ex be « remembered that the advan Tee ' till o second struggle si r Chinese the folly of their resistance. will be a point of honor with England not to surrender them; ehe re now has re-esacted them beyond : nger of fresh ‘The time has come for Western civilization to z Is. th and that when thes avide by them. They have agreed to it for our people to force p inert His true, we are to cope with y of two hundred and fifty millions; but fract of that is available f purposes of war, that frac concentrated, over a Vi of empire,’ and not capable of being brought together withont great cost of time, and life, and money. We have nothing, then. to fear from th y of the Chinege population spiritand WNberality ries thrust in our w Only let us go to wo Tet us have no ¥, nomorbid outery against a vigorous drosecution of the invasion, no abeard clamor for a cessa- tion of hostilitics before we have thorougly done the work Let the expedition be on a scale commensurate with the solemn international prineiple that has to be vindicated, as well as with the dignity of the insulted countries, the great advantages at stake, and the probable difficuttics to be encountered. It remains for England to give a loyal support to the Ministers charged with these affairs, and to strengthen their hands by a calm and common sense esti- mate of the circumstances that have to be that case the Chines rentatives of Ww the deceit of which they have been guilty, and to break down fo the barriers they have hitherto opposed to the ax of the more civilized portion of mankind ANOTHER FRENCH REPORT OF THE BATTLE OF TAKU. A long but inost interesting letter appeu of the 19th ultimo, (the writer is conu French Frobassy to China), giving ample det 1 with the late disastrous alfair in the Peiho. It says:— A arture of the Freneh and English legations from ntially different characte: The cofnl. Tt eonsigted of all the farce W place at jh on uble spared for every contingency, rao se ail the means in his power t ° to the ‘peace and happiness | be brought to a final | aud material guarantees ue interior and storm | | powerful tact at | f ously on the les if an outrage cal and thus, ever on the dangerous and uncertain d: the Patrice | reach Pekin, where of the Jegation ‘wae announced as an fact, In the waters of Petohilh we joined the Minister, who bad with te and @ aviso. Wo found that Ad- Commander-in-Chief of the Chinese squadron, miral Hope d into 2 parley with the river forts, riving at any satisfactory result. In reply w his demand Ww be allowed to enter the Peiho, be had beon informed by an inferior Mandarin that the order from Pekin was formal against the entry of any vessels. No friendly Power, Eng- land among others, should take offence at this, it being & Measere of precaution against the rebels. That if the vossors went to another branch of the river, ten miles from Pei- ho, and were unable to enter with their ganboats, they would be joined there by the chief mandarins, Kouel- Liang and Houa-Cha-na, who were daily ex) from the south for the pur} of accompanying the plenipo- tentiaries to Pekin, aDswer appeared unacceptable to the Englict Minister, and in common with his French colleague be decided that the refusal of the Chinese was of a nature to cut short all ulterior diplomatic action, and his part was at an end, in consequertce of which he dele- gated his powers to Admiral Hope, who was charged to force open the passage refused to him. ‘The commander of the Duchayla, as the representative of the French military flag, was desired to accompany the English admiral and act under his orders, A recon naissance proved (bat the forts had been rebut, under yery different conditions from those they had presented when destroyed Inst year, boing of a very formidable character, pnd essentially of European consiruction, and defended Mongois, a warlike race, ‘The admiral was unable to certain the number Of embrasures, they being masked. It Was afterwards found that the front of ‘the works pre- sented an array of sixty-six pleces of artillery of the cali bres of forty-two, sixty-eight and eighty. “The English, resolved not to commence hostijities, but to wait until they rhould proceed from the forts, sent forward two gunboats, with orders to break through the stockade, and make way for the flotilla. The Mongols allowed their two gunboats to become entangled between the first and second rows of piles, and then opened such a murderous and well direct ed fire upon them, that one enormous projectile killed and wounded seventeen men, and carried off the commanding otticer’s head it the tiest Doat, and after this the embra sures of the forts were all mnmasked, and the general fire commenced, @ American Minister, who had at first re fused to beli in the existence of a navigable arm of the river ten miles from Peiho, had since reconnoitred, and ascertained the truth of the statement of the Mongols of Takou; "and when we were leaving the Petchili, he was preparing to make a second ploration, in order to assure himself, by the aid of aC hese pilot promised him by the Governor of the province, whether or not the new arm was navigable for a vessel of the draught of his aviso. Since this no news of the doings of the United States legation has reached Shanghae. Iu the situation of the American policy of 1868 and 1859 to- wards the Chinese government, it 1s quite possible that frem one day to another we may hear that Mr. Ward has anged the ratifications of his treaty, if not at Pekin, ast at Tien-tsin, or elsewhere, the exact plan of this Ainge not having been specified in the treaty concluded Did the Admiral act well or ill in’a military of view? Was his reconnaissance of the 26th suffi. complete? Was the landing judicious? These are atl questions to be decided by the English Admiral- at stern tribunal which twice felt called upon to mon to its bar its greatest sailor, Nelsou—that inflexi- v hool which forms not only practical sailors, but ofll- crs feeling the responsibility of command and the gravi offthe duties it imposes. Let us not anticipate the dec ¢ atribunal, but render, as is just, to brave mea the honor which js their due,'and which they have par- chased with their blood. Although wounded early in the | action by the bursting of an obus, Admiral Hope woald not retire, but remained encouraging his men by his pre- sevee wherever the danger seemed greatest—in short, doing his duty as commander in every of the term, By his order was Captain Tricault, commander of our cor v ting as his (irst aide-de-camp, never quitting him during the action, raising him when he the head of the handful of sailors he led at thi re ‘This affair will have n» bad influence upon the commer. cial interests of Europe in other parts of Chin thorities of Shapghae describe it as “a great very much to be regretted for the two parties interes but with which the people of Shanghae or the other com ial and quiet cities of the Sonth had nothing to do.,? China feels and does nothing like any other country in the world. With her all is contrast or contra: istion. 1 say upon my own responsibility that the policy of France during the phase of events we have just passed, “whether they were unforeseen or sought for, and in the material conititions in wuich the Fretch representaton oxisted at the Petehili, bears nis of another thers swords epoch, Who regarded it asa duty to eng in the cause of a friend could or wonld not appre yet their chivalry forbade their attle. It remains to be seen whether, in tho ninwteontt century (although in appealing directly to ony Gaulish in stinct= stich traditions are always practicable), there mav not result effects more important than the caisos, regard to England, sbe ia too practical yot to re} m of the Peiho, and not to 3 for reparation, aud if suc 3 due to her, ier own interests demand the app ¢ as much’ prudence as tirmness. If, by sgerated wational sentiment, as T think it, pould not think jt sary to introduce into her future dit er old mode of Wita a8 this of the Petehili, plivity: of a serions war with a country of three hundred millions of inbabitants, she may compromise, together with hor , that of Christianity aud civilization. She will not do it. THE ITALIAN QUESTION. France Invokes magionss Ald to Settle Italy. {From the Paris Wonstitutionnel, Sept. 19.] To jndge by recent arucles from some English journals, it might be imagined that a bad feeling had arisen between France and England on the Italian question. We are con- vinced that no such bad feeling could exist; but the ap- pearance alone of a difference of opinion’ between the Cabinets of London and Paris would be of a nature to provoke misunderstandings between the two nations, and we tuk we are performing an act of good policy by ex- plaining ourselves frankly on_ the subject. A few months ‘since it was almost denied in England that there was such athing o3 an Italian question, and, at all events, it was affirmed that it could only be for France a pretext for in- tervention in the affairs of the Peninsula. No belief was put in our disinterestedness, and the most personal and ambitious ‘ews were attributed to us. Now all is com- pletely changed; it is known beyond a doubt that France does not seck anything for herself The whole extent and gravity of the question, which had been ignored, is sudden- ly adinitted, and if a reproach is launched against us, it is for not having risked evergthing to resolve it completely. Whose fault? Itis replied—we are not ignorant of it— that we were alarmed without a cause, and that Euro) was not really 80 menacing as she seemed. We must allowed a certain reserve on this point. We knew, per- haps better than others, what value to attach to diplo- matic communications which are brought forward some- what In‘e against us. But without reverting to all the causes—causes especially painful—which stopped as on the banks of the Mincio, might we not, for instance, ask England whither she would have seen with pleasure the continuation of our naval operations? Our fleet, master of the Adriatic, was before Venice. All national pride apart, we may say that there also victory awaited us. Is it to be supposed that London would have heard without emo- tion our guns crushing fortifications of the city of the Doges? Wh; it? There is not in this question a Shadow of a reprouch. We know that England was proud and jealous of her great naval power, and it was quite natural that under the circumstances she should not be alarmed, but e: a rival glory. A J France took umbrage at her she frank!y owns, the evenituali- ty of a general w jwarly under- J, because she fe if too weak to maintain it. Never, in fact, w ance 84 united, so strongly orga. 4, as nt the present moment; and if she was animated, deen said, with the desire of rénewing her great ary triumphs, never was she in a better condition to them. While the Emperor in the plains of Lom- followed in the immortal steps of our former vic- ies, the Marshal Duke de Malakoff, on the Rhine, was a man not to allow the prestige of our arms to be sulligd. But what would really haye been the result of this now Homeric struggle? The result, whatever it would have heen, would evidently upset the balance of po in Europe. The victory of F swell as the victo ofa new coalition would have forever destroyed that nice preponderance of States which ig necessary for the civilization and liberty of the world. In face of this al- ternative the Emperor thought it right to halt; he thought that his sovereign responsibility did not jiisuty stako; ho respected the independ- ns the udependence of Frauce to » Is this the reproach cust upon the prelitaiua- jufranea? But these preliminaries, it is objected, p Haly in 4 position still more precariotis an’ more intolerable than before. In a more precarious position? What! Lombardy, with her population aad’ her rich: has just brought to Piedmont a ne i f and influence army aud na try—and is that ni The confederation of din principl: by Austria; her indep forth prochiimed—and is all this nothin However, it is only with extreine reserve that we speak to the friends of Ital ir sympathies come somewhat it is true; but tl exacting they are at the pre- ent moment, with the more reason may we be justified in supposing that they will not remain storile in the future. England considers that we have not done enough. Good. But tet her aid us to do what remains, Before, however, sett g to work in common accord, let us explain our? selves. The restoration of the Dukes, to which France oflered no opposition at Villafranca, particularly shocks our neighbors: they would have preferred. the simple au- nexation of Parma, Modena and Tuscany to Piedmont. Assuredly we can understand without difficulty, and we Share the great sympathy which is felt for Pied- mont and her chivalrous King. dmont, it may be said, has made for herself a place apart, and a glorious one, in When every one else despaired of Italy, she nd firmly upheld the Italian flag. But it is’ pre- cisely becanse the part which she has played has thus far been decidedly grand and disinterested that she should not be brought down from it. Piedmont has been and remains the sword of Italy, and that sword must be strong enough to dotend her, but notto absorb her. Ltisof importancethat the House of sey Sor its own glory and for the salvation of Sialy should not change the character of the natimal mission which it has accepted. This, with ug, is a conviction which ed on a long series of historical facts, and recent events bh not been able to change it. Those persons Who obstinately pursue an impossible unity, either disre- gard the genius of Italy, or indulge in a singular illusion #8 to the effects of ephemeral enthusiasm. Assuredly we take into serious account the manifestations witch, wave been Made in th Duchies; we believe in their sincerity, ernment, = we render homage to the ealm and prudence of the popit- lations, and are of the opinion that their wishes ought to be taken into consideration by Europe, But let us be per- Is of the | mitted to say that the votes of anne have been so much talked of ha ae that is supposed. Florence, » and Modena, notwith- standing all that is said, would ‘resign themsel vith dificnlty to being only modest chief towns in a kingdom of which Turin ix the capital. The pr it present driven away, would perhaps be regretted at a tu ture time, more or lees ugar; aad why kuows bat the banished cf to-day would not become to-morrow the re- preseutativer of independence? That 18 Bop all, people co ‘aot reflect sufficiently that an addition pre- vince given to Piedmont would destroy the equilibrium happy establisbed between her aud the kingdom of the ‘Tw, Sicilies. Whattook place in 1848 ought, however, netto be forgotten. May not the jealous rivalry which "hen caused the Neapolitan troops to retrace their steps break out again? The case would be grave, for it would lead this time to a complete schism between the two most powerful States of the Italian peninsuls, A confedera- lion would become impossible; Piedmont would be ag- grandised, but the cause of Italian nationality would be endangered. In the number of these real friends we must now as- suredly count England, and that causes us to hope that, when better informed, she will join her counsels to ours, United on the banks of tho Peiho to chastise, with arms in hand, a common insult, let the two great Western Powers also unite their diplomatic efforts to remove the Jast difficulties of the Italian crisis, and to make, if need be, such modifications in the conditions of peace as may be in accord with the interests and honor of the parties engaged. Thauks to this Union, the Italian peninsula would be free from the Alps to the Adriatic. Russian Encroachments in the Far East. {From the London China Telegraph, Sept. 17.) By the stipulations of the treaty of 1855 between Russia and Japan, signed at Simoda on January 26 (old style) of that year, by Admiral Count Poutiatine on the part of Russia, tho island of Krafto—so the Russias call Saga- lien—is declared neutral territory. To prevent the possi- bility of a misunderstanding on the subject, we snbjoin the text of the paragraph in question, which runs as fol- lows:—"Art. 2 The boundary line Between Russia and Japan shall for the future cross the group of Karilo Islands, between Iturup and Urup. The Island of Iturup shall belong wholly to Japan; and Urup, together with the rest of the islands of the group to the north of Urup, be- Joug to Russia. With regard to the Island of Krafto (Sakhaline or Sagalien), it shall remain as hitherto, unap- propriated either by ia or Japan.’ The island in uestion, which, in & geographical point of view, forms fhe vorthern suntinusion of Japan, being only sepa- rated from Jezo by the straits of La Perouse—a nar- row channel, not so wide as the Straits of Dover—runs in a direction due north and south, just opposite the mouth of the river Amoor, and paratiel with the coast line. Its length, from Cape Elizabeth, at its northern ox- tremity, to Cape Notoro, in the south, is 700 miles, or about the length of England and Scotland, though its width is not so great, being nowhere more than eighty to one hundred miles broad, and in some places even not more than forty or fifty. 'Sagalien is mountaino in of mountains running through the whole of theisland, form- ing as jt were the back bone. It lies between the paral- lels of from 45 to 54 degrees, or the, country of Franco and England between Bordeaux and Liverpool; though, from its geographical position on the eastern side of a continent, the climate is not so good, and the mean temperature considerably lower. On the eastern coast there are a few good harbors, the best of which are Aniwa Bay and Taraika, where there is a Russian settlement. On the west coust of the island there are no good ports. Al- though the mineral riches of the island have not yet been ascertained to any extent, there is reason to believe that it contains iron, copper, and gold. The most valua- ble commodity hitherto discovered on Sagalien is coal, | which is found in many places, either on the surface, or cropping out from under the rocks on the’ sea-cost. The quality of this coal is represented as very excellent, and it forms an inexhaustible source of fuel for the Russian | steamers rupning on the Amoor and its tributaries. Al- | though Russia has appropriated this large and important | island to her own use and profit, in spite of the above quoted stipulation of the treaty with Japan, it is highly probable that the Japanese, who have hitherto had no | foreign trade, are not aware of the fact, and are dozing in happy ignorance of it ; or they would probably make some representation to Russia, though the latter no doubt would | beable to furnish a plausible excuse or promise to evacu- | ate the neutral territory. As matters now stand, the Jap- anese may never find out the near approach to their own shores till the island is densely populated, and then the | hostorical drama of William the Norman may be repeated | at some future date in the distant waters of the Far East. | Se | The Rhinoceros ei pt of Napoleon’s | New War Ships. (Paris (Sept. 19) correspontence of London Star] | The trial ship upon the new principle, invented by the Fmperor himself, is begun at Brest from the plans fir- | nished by M. Depuy de Lome. The vessel is to be the first of a series to be constructed after the same motel, | iron cased, one hundred metres in length, and armed with the famous new rhinoceras horn, destined to ent through | the enemy’s centre, and dividing him in half, enable the | new invention literally to passer outre with as little danger | as the Monitewr in its rhinoceros fashion of attacking the otber journals. This work, and the announcement of the opening of the Vincennes Railway on the 2d, havefbeen the principal subjects of business conversation during the last few days. The Magenta (the name of the new vessel) is destined to spread the eleraents of war abroad—the Vincennes railway to draw them to the capital. The troops from the fortress can be brought ito Paris almost ata few minutes’ notice, and the consciousness of this fa- cility will greatly increase the security of the honest bour- ie, who behold safety in soldiers, and, like the Great | poleon, security in heavy battalions. rs N News from the Bahamas. OUR NASSAU CORRESPONDE} Nassav, N. P., Sept. 26, 1859. News ly Steamship from New York—Guano trade on the Cays—Busy Prade in Salt—Military, Executive and Par- hamentary Items. de. As the famed Persia was known to be the bearer of our English mail, it was supposed that the Karnak would ar- rive here op or about the 19th instant, and groatfears were entertained that some accident had occurred, ag she was not signalled till Saturday, the 24th. The news from this quarter is meager enongh. Copious showers have re- freshed the earth, and the weather for weeks past has been fine. The health of the island is “beyond com- pare.” Since the discovery of guano on our uninhabited Cays, many have, with an eye to the “almighty dollar,” leased them from government. But if Americans are permitted to commit depredations by carrying it away ad lib., and without leave or license, the lessees“ will benefit nothing. A report, if’ it may be so termed, has got into circulation, that there is an act of Congrss, or that the President permitted Americans to take and carry away guano from any uninhabited cay in the Bahamas. This, of course, is nonsense. Our salt producing islands have been reaping a harvest. The weather has been favorable to them, and great quantl- ties of salt have been raked at Inagha, Bum Cay and other ports. Salt, you are aware, is one of our staple commodities. tee) Turks Islanders have also been busily engaged in raking. Captain O'Halloran, commanding the troops here, has been removed. The command of the garrison devolves upon Colonel Bourchier, and that of the regiment upon Brevet Major Fletcher, in consequence of Major Symo’s erie in the Karnak, under the advice of a Medical rr Governor Bayley is expected to arrive next month, when writs for a new election for members to serve in the Colonial Parliament will be issued. Our Nebraska Correspondence. Oman Crry, N. T., Sept. 24, 1859. State of Political Parties in Nebraska—The Issues and Excitement—Iowa Etections—News from the Gold Mines, de., de. ‘The Congressional canvass in Nebraska goes merrily on. Both republicans and democrats claim the majority on the 11th of Octaber next, and both are striving hard for the ascendancy. Without doubt the Territory, as 1 have before stated, is democratic, notwithstanding the bringing into market our public lands by the administra- tion and a few unpopular movements of the kind. It is democratic by full 200 majority; yet, no matter how anxious the leaders of hoth parties may be to test the politi- cai strength of each, there will ever be here a north and south of Platte localism springing up, and to a consider- able extent destroying a fair trial of political strength, In the present canvass Samuel G. Daily, Esq., the republi- can candidate for Congress, is from the south of the Platt (Nemaha county), whilst E. Estabrook, Esq., the demo- cratic nomince, is from the north of the Platte. South of the Platte there are more voters than on the north; hence the gallant champion of Nebraska ddMMocracy has some odds against him in the shape of localism, and yet his chances are decidedly the best for an election, and if elected he will be a credit to our young Territory. It is rather amusing to witness the enthusiasm prevail- ing among the friends of both parties in all_ the more densely populated portions of the Territory. To sit and listen to the discussions of political measures by young fledged politicians, upon whom apparently rest the whole affairs of the conntry, or occasionally drop in upon a group of would-be politicians, and hear canvassed, de- nounced and sustained, with ull the bravado characteristic of the West, political issues, about as well understood by them as are by a Hottentot of the glories of civilization. On the stamp you meet some beardless youth tuking lessons in declination. Away into the interior he starts, thering around him at some schoolhouse or yacan puilding, in some embryo city, a fow squatters, and “pitching in’ on “general principles.” Indeed, it Pre sident Buchanan and the statesmen of our country 0 both parties only knew how our young American stump orutore and politicians lampooned them or shouldered thei: responsibilities, they would feel different. But we are a free people, and the right of speech is gnaranteed to all. Over in’ Jowa the canvass goes merrily on. Their election for State officers occurs about the same time as ours. That Dodge will be elected Governor I can but feel confident, although Kirkwood, the republican candidate, is working hard for the laurels, ‘The prospect Jor a democratic trinmph in that State looks flattering. From the gold mines upon our west, news comes in cheerful for the mining interest. Quartz leads are con- Stanuly being discovered, and as soan as good mills get into operation there I predict shipments of large amounts of the precious metal will be made. On the Sth of next month the people there vote in favor of a State or Terri- torial organization, and without doubt ft will result in Savor of the former; so let Congressmen prepare their | minds upon the subject. General W. B. Burnett, our worthy Surveyor General, ig active in the discharge of his duties, spending almost the entire season in the fleld in person, undergoing all tho | privations and toil of “camp life” on the frontier; anda | } More genial camp companion it will be hard to find The appointment of W. E. Moore, sq., by the Prosi. | dent, a8 agent for the Omaha Indians, meets with general | satistaction; and Ifecl confident the duties of the offiee | will now be weil and faithfully discharged, Frosts visit us nightly of Into, and 1 fear will injure toa | | considerable extent the late corn, Wheat in Western Iowa is selling for 40 and 50 cents, and plen I notice the Indian Commission: ton, Mr Greenwood, proposes visiting the annuity Indiaus of th i ra here. J predigt Jor hing a cordigh Welgomng on every side, | States sloop-of-war Seminole, at Pensacola. They are to } improved New York Machir,¢ Shops. ‘We present to our readers this morning a statement of the work that has been comp!ated within afew months at our machine shops; also the work now on hand. Tho Ddusiness at present is Considered rather dull, but it is expected by the proprietors of the principal works that a brisk business will be carried on during the ensuing soa- son. Asitis, it willbe observed that besides a pretty Jarge amount of heavy work on domestic account, there ig also some on foreign account, principally for Cuba. At the Novelty Works they are building a steam fre engine for exhibition in London and St. Petersburg. FULTON IRON WORKS—JAMES MURPHY & CO. At these works they have made the machinery for the United States gunboat Iroquois, now in course of comple- tion at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The Iroquois has two propeller engines of 54 inch cylinder and 28 inch stroke of piston, with two of Martin’s patent vertical tubular boilers. This vessel has a brass propeller weighing 9,000 pounds, calculated to make eighty revolutions per min- ute, and work up to one thousand horse power. The weight of engines and boilers is 178 tons; bunkers and bulkheads, 18 tons; water in tanks, 47 tons; carrying 175 tons of coal, sufficient for flve days consumption, making @ total weight of machinery and fucl of about 418 tons, She will be completed about the 15th of October. ‘They are also making an iron desiccater, 600 foet long, for sugar mill in the island of Cuba. They are also build- ing an engine for a small troop transport for the Spanish government, intended to convey troops to various places ‘on the coast of Cuba. The hall is building at Lawrence & Folks’ yard, at Greenpoint. Also, four low pressure boilers for the Spanish steamer Ocean Bird, now plying between Havana and Cadiz. ‘Two boilers for the Spanish steamer General Concha. One engine and boiler for the Ninth Avenue Railroad Company. ey for a steam saw mill for Cauclo Reventos, ‘azil. They are also repairing or have quite completed repairs tothe steam ferryboats Sylph, Hunchback, Josephine, Staten Island, Canada, Geo. Law, Geo. Washington, One: ota, Onalaska and Minnesota, They are also building several sugar mills with engines and boilers for different parties. These works employ 380 men, THE ALLAIRE WORKS. These works are the oldest in the United States, and among their achievements in engine building may be ho- honorably mentioned those on board the steamships Baltic, Vanderbilt, Pacific, Panama, now on the Pacific Ocean; Minois, North Star, Northern Light, Pacific, Star of the West, Union, Jas. Adger. and the steamboats Isaac Newton, Plymouth Rock, Empire State, Bay State, John Brooks, C. Vanderbilt, Western World of Buffalo, St. Lawrence, Lake Champlain and many others. At present they are building one engine for the new pro- peller steamship built by Sneeden, of Greenpoint, for Cromwell’s Savannah line, It will be seventy inch diameter of cylinder and four feet stroke of piston. The ‘vessel will have two smoke stacks. She will be completed in about two months, ‘They are also building a small steeple engine of twenty- cight inch diameter of cylinder for the small seventy ton steamer launched a few days ago by Henry Steers for the Liberia Colonization Society, and intended for river pur- poses on the coast of Africa, They have completed within afew months some very heavy castings and machinery for the Detroit Water Works. They are also making an engine of fifty inch cylinder and ten feet stroke of piston for Captain Fish, of California. ‘The hull is now building at the latter place. The works are now undergoing a thorough repairing are to commencing work on a contract not yet made public. The force of employés at present is smill. NEPTUNE IRON WORKS. They have just finished and shipped to California a beam engine of sixty inches diameter of cylinder and twelve feet stroke, with two boilers to be put up in a boat now building in San Francisco for the California Steam Navigation Company. They haye also nearly completed an engine, thirty-six inches diameter of cylinder and nine feet stroke, for the Union Ferry Company, of Brooklyn. Also an engine and boiler, forty inch cylinder and ten feet stroke, for the samo company. ey have an engine and boiler under construction, fifty inch cylinder and ten feet stroke, with one boiler, fi anew boat now building by Mr. Thomas Collyer fof the Glen Cove route. ‘They have just concluded a contract for an engine and two boilers, fifty-six inches diameter of cylinder aud twelve fect stroke, wrought iron wheels, fora new boat for the Albany day route, now building by Mr. Thomas Collyer, to be called the Daniel Drew. They are also putting the engine and boilers of the steam- ship Quaker Gity in complete repair. MORGAN IRON WORKS. These works are the largest in the United States. In good business times they employ over one thousand men; they have now but seven hundred, it being a very dull season of the year. At present the workmen are en- gaged in making the propeller engines for the new United | be fifty inches in diameter of cylinder, thirty inch stroke of piston, und will be of 750 horse powor. They will be finished in about five months. They are also building an engine for Captain Day's 700 ton iron boat, built by Snecden, of Greenpoint, desiznc® to run between New Orleans and Mobile. The engine will be fifty inch diameter of cylinder, ten fect stroke of piston; she will also have one boiler and iron paddle wheels, the latter thirty-one fect in diameter. The boat is designed for passenger business. ‘Two large boilers for the Havre steamship Fulton; they are fourteen inch shell and twenty-six feet long. They will be ready in December. ‘They are building boilers for the Norwich propellers Shetucket and Charles Osgood. They have just finished boilers for the steamships Charles Morgan and Mexico, and are now engaged in repair. ing the boilersof the steamship Tennessee, The machinery and boilers in the elegant steamer De Soto, of Livingston & Crocheron’s New Orleans line, were built at these works; also the machinery and boilers in the steamship Yorktown, of the Richmond line, ‘They are making a pair of boilers for the New Haven steamboat Elm City, which will be placed on board that veseel sometime during the month. They are twenty-one feet long. They are also building an engine of forty-four inch cylinder and eleven feet stroke of piston, for Captain Wm. Skiddy, which will be placed in a boat’ designed for the Southern tra They are building a Pirsson’s condenser for one of) Barstow & Pope's rotary engines, all of which will be placed in the steamer Daylight, now building at Grecn- point. NOVELTY WORKS. ‘The engines in the Russian frigate General Admiral, which yessel has excited so much attention in Europe, were built here; suffice it to say, they are the ne plus ultra of perfection. Besides this, the “‘Novelty” has far+ nished some of the best engines in our ocean and river steamers. They have just completed the engines in the steam ferryboats Perry, Warren, Allen and Marion be- longing to the Long Island Ferry Company. These engines are thirty-eight inch cylinder and nine feet stroke. They have a contract, which has been partially filled, to furnish thirty portable forest engines for a Southern market, to be used in driving machinery for felling trees and sawing them up. Twenty of these engines haye been shipped, and ten more are now in process of completion. ‘These engines present rather a peculiar appearance—about the size of an ordinary fire engine~and puzzle the un- initiated at first sight. ‘This company have gone pretty strongly into the build- ing of Lee & Larned’s steam fire engines, and at the pre- sent time have thirteen in progress of completion. Two of them, to weigh 3,000 pounds, are for Philadelphia, They will cost $3,000 each. ‘They are also building two of the ume size of the Manhattan steam engine, of this city—one for San Francisco and the other for New Orleans. They will weigh 5,000 pounds each, and will cost $4,500, They are building one self-propelling steam fire en gine, of 8,500 ponnds in weight, designed for exhibition in London and §t. Petersburg; also one large sell-propel- ler, of 12,000 pounds in weight, for exhibition in this city. In_a few weeks it will be ready for a trial trip, when it will take a train of ordinary carriages through Broadway to Harlem. They are also making the machinery for a targe mill in Cuba, and an engine for a Virginia coal mine. They shipped afew days ago a pair of oscillating en- gines for a small steamboat for the King of Siam They are repairing the steamers Baltic, Adriatic and Atlantic, of the New York and California line; also making a pair of boilers for the Fall River steamer Bay State. HENRY ESLER & CO , SOUTH BROOKLYN. Within a few months this firm completed the engine for the steamer Ella, of the Stamford line, It ig thirty-six inch cylinder und eight fect stroke. They arc also building some high pressure engines and boilers for a sugar mill in Porto Rico, Also twosmall engines for a small steamer to ply on the St. Johns river, Florida, and another engine for a stnall steamer for South America, They are also building two large boilers to be sent to Charleston, South Carolina, and the engine and machinery for a steam dredging machine for harbor purposes, NORTH RIVER WORKS—FLETCHER, HARRISON & CO. This firm have gained considerable notoriety for tho beam engines which they make, Tho machinery of the Harlem steamers Sylvan Shore and Sylvan Grove, two of the swiftest boats of their size inthe world, were built at these works; algo the ma- chinery jn the new steamer Thomas P. Way, now running to Newark. This boat is also distinguished for her specd. They have just completed and placed the engine and boilers into the new propeller Henry Andrews of the wiftsure line, to ply between this’ city and Albany. Also two boilers for a Savannah steam lighter. One engine of thirty inch cylinder and six fect stroke, to be pliced ina Boat now building in California by Cap tain William Curry. The boat will be of light draught for river purposes. They are also building boilers for Sugar ' the tow boats Young America aud L, L, Schulte News, Hints and Suggestions from Cor- respondents. TRE KANE MONUMENT ASSOCIATION. At the first meeting of the Kane Monumynt Association since the summer revegs, the following list of lectarers Was reported:—Prof, Mitchell, Bayard Taylor, G. W. Qur- tis, Dr. Cummings, Dr. Beccher and Dr. Chapin. ‘Tho Lecture Committee was empowered to carry out the proper arrangements for the lectures, a yote of thanks was given to the Grand Lodge of the State of New York of F. & 4. M. for kind assistauce, and a commities was appointed to print and distribute copies of the acts of the Association. It is expected that the corner stone of the contemplated monument will be laid next spring. THE FUTURE OF NORTH NEW YORK ITY. “A Practical Man’? wants to impress us with the impor- tant future of the northern part of Manhattan Iskand. Be thinks the advantages of the Sound as a sate harbor, the absolute filling up of the lower part of the ‘sity, and the inevitable necessity for the removal of the obstructions at Hurl Gate, denote that the upper part of Manhattan Island. may yet be an important centre of business, REVIEW AT OLD POINT COMFOR?, “A Spectator”? calls our attention to a review of tha: ‘roops at Old Point Comfort on tho 27th ult. by the Seere- tary of the Navy. He is profuso in his encomiums on the bearing of the troops, the band, the visiting ladics and honorable Secretary of War.” w lntlongea. the ie THE NORTH WESTERN DISPENSARY, We have before us ap appeal from Mr. Hartley; secro tary of the Association for Improving the condition of the Poor, on behalf of the above institution, He says that the dispensary was established in 1852, under the auspices of the Association, to meet the growing necessities of the in- digent sick in the northwestern portion of tho city, and under the direction of an efficient board of m rs it has gradually extended its action until it: has be one of the most useful charities in the city. Tt labors, how= ever, under peculiar difiiculties and’ disadvantages, for, unlike other kindred institutions, it owns no ‘y building, and is of course without the facilities which an. appropriate edifice would secure, besides bearing the con. stant burden of reyt and the risk of being dislodged. Im- portant and useful, moreover, as is the organization, ita Very existence is insecure until it has a building in fee, foe a charter which will render the property legally in« re hi hable to any other purpose. ‘To effect these objects board of managers can only appeal to private libe- About $20,000 is ail that would be res 1 ralit, purchase of the ground, and no building will b until two-thirds of the amount is subscribed, when a ‘od for the commenced n= mittee will be appointed to carry out the design. THE ST. LOUIS, ALTON AND CHICAGO RAILROAD. We are glad to learn from a Springfield (inois) cor- respondent that the employes of this line are being fast paid up the arrears of wages due to them since lest year , a proof that the management of the road is improved, whatever may be its business prospects generally. EQUAL RIGHTS. Mr. Brown, of Vermont, has sentus the copy of a memo- rial presented to the Legislature of that State, calling for the revision of the constitution and laws of the State, and demanding, amomg other things, the following provi- sions:— That every citizen of the State who is twenty years of age, or over, and hus resided in the State one’ year next preceding the day of election, and three months in the town, and is of sound mind, and not a criminal, and can read and write, shall have a right to vote, and to hold any office when legally elected. That all the officers of the government shail be elected annually—State oflicers by the votes of the State; county. officers by the votes of the county; town officers by the votes of the town, and district officers by the votes of tha district. ‘That the pay of exch officer shall be the same por hour or day as the average pay of persons engaged in the com- mon business of life; not to be more unless especk.iy ap- propriated by the yoters of tho State, town or district where the money is raised to pay them. ACCOMMODATION ON THE CITY RAILROAD CARS. A down town correspondent complains that on Contral Park concert days and on Sundays sufficient accommuda- tion is not provided for passengers on the city rail- roads. Hé says that a couple of Saturday's since after pa tiently waiting for twenty minutes in the vain hope of dis- covering @ Third avenue car only moderately filled ,he wos, with his family, compelled to ‘stow away” 1 mabner that was ssively disagreeable to their feelings. Wa recommend the subject to the attention of the railrowd companies. It is their duty as well ag their interest to anticipate the increased traftic which the popularity of tha Centra) Park ig rapidly creating. NEW TYPE SETTING MACHINE. Mr. Hattersley, a Manchester engineer, has invented a new type composing machine, of which the Paglish jonr- nals speak favorably. The machine includes a regular composing stick, and as the type approaches the the line a bell gives warning, the stick is d b touch, and the sole compositor spaces the line stick, and resumes his rapid task. The insi by the pressing of keys, which through lev barge Pes as wanted down grooves direct into (be stick. ‘The keys, which are arranged like those of a. concertina, Vie in a space of thirteon inches in length by seven im depth, and closely imitate the movements by which type isset by hand. ‘The economy claimed to be effected by the employment of this machine may be judged of by the following calculation:—The composition of the advertise- ment sheet of the London Times, of eight pages, costs abont $217; by Mr. Hattersley’s invention it is stated that the same amount of work can be done for about $74, making a yearly saving of $45,225. We have seen similar results med for the type setti ented in this country, but as yet none of them have been found testand the test of practical application, GROWTH OF MEMPHIS. A Memphis (Tenn.) correspoudent call ion to the unprecedentedly rapid growth of that city. In 1821 its population was only 63; in 1854 it was 12,687, ana in 1959 it is 25,000, By the bank returns for the six months end- ing the Ist of July last, it appears that amount of bills and_ notes discounted by the Memphis barks was $8,805,000. The entire export and import trade of Me: phis amounts to $39,000,000, and the value of articles manufactured in the city is $2,031,000. Real estate dar- ing the last twelve months has advauced jn value thirty per cent, aud rents thirty-three per cent. Nearly atentir of the entire cotton crop of the United States is shippe® from Memphis, for which its brokers have to pay $18,000,- 000. The amount of capital afforded by the banks is ineuttl cient for the demands of business, and traders and busin men disconnected with the forwarding trade arc oftet forced upon the strects to meet temporary wants, aud the outside rates have ranged from one to two and a half per ceut per month, Scrat ties is now within fifty. hours of New York, by the ois Central, a its trade with the great_commercial metropolis of the Union is rapidly on the increase. TENEMENT HOUSES. “A Working Man” exposes a new phase of the cupidity of tenement house proprietors, which threatens qhe most serious inconveniences to the clacs to which he belongs. He says that he has beon living in a tenoment, house up town for the last twelve months, and im genoral the inmates have been respectable, well behaved persons, The proprietor, however, not content with getting $200 a month reputably out of the property, has taxen to furnish~ ing the rooms throughout, in order to double and tréble the amount. The consequence is that the rooms are im- mediately hired by women of bad character, and decent tenants have no other option than to quit. ECONOMICAL SCIENCE. We learn from a German correspondent that the Ja- blonowski Soviety, at Leipsic, have proposed for the year 1861 the following thesis: — A history of the rise and progress of economics in Hol- land during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, such as may be drawn from the national economical lite: rature of that country during those eras. CANALIZATION OF THE ISTHMUS OF SUEZ An English engineer bases an argument in support of the feasibility of the Suez canal on the fact that the go- yernment of the Netherlands, in the construction of tha extensive naval docks which it is at present erecting in the portof the Niewe Diep, near the Helder, bas suc- ceeded in building the foundations twelve Dateh ells be- neath the surface of the sea, ina most dangerons and difficult soil, much worse than that of the Isthmus, THE BIBLE IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. A correspondeut thinks that the plan of insisting on tho reading of the Scriptures in the public schools i not at ai? calculated to improve the religions tendencies of the pupils. ‘Too much Bible is like too much of any thing olse—tiable to prove a surfeit. For his part, he says that, both at home and at school it became such a drug to him that he finally detested the night of the Holy Book. The Com- missioners should recollect that ebildren are not like ostriches, capable of digesting everything that is foreed upon them. UNEMPLOYED CLERKS, A member of this class complains that whilst the papera are fall of the activity of business, there are numbers of young men walking about the streets idle. He attributes the fact to the endeavors of merchants to substitute for skilled, inexperienced hands, for the sake of the greater cheapness of the latter. The assertion bears internal evi dence of its own fallacy. ‘The competition amongst mer- its is as erent as it among clerks, and th afford to employ incapable people. If’ the wi reter the difficulty of obtairing eraployment to a cause common to all great cities, the prepsnderance of the sup ply over the demand, he would be nearer tho mark. THE TEHUANTEPEG ROUTE, G. 0. P., of Suchill, on tho Isthmus of Tehuantepec, favors us with a long communication concerning that route and its history, He gives a sketch of the progress of the carriage road from July, 1856, uti) Mebruary, ‘1857. An average number of 300 men were employed , and the actual outlay about $40,000. The laborors were one-half American and one-half native. Only one mon was lostby death during the first year. Until 1867 the road was worked under the “Sloo”” grant. In that year nantepec Company obtained a grant ‘ations were commenced jn 1858. eh destroyed much of the road—at least three- Sof the work done under the “Sioo” grant. In 1868, John McLeod Murphy wag appointed. snper'n- nt. He worked for six mouths, spending $10,000 nd opened the transportation department in tober with the ec the tail ¢ the Louisiana and Ty from Juarez, and opp The Murphy bonded over the f ying to Mrs Henry Stevens 1, Ohio, fundin that th of each pas enger cost $75, instead er home, ana Mr, A.W Swett, of New Oricang, took charge. On th