The New York Herald Newspaper, September 7, 1859, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. ——— JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU BTS EMS, cosh in advance, Money vont by mail will be at the eT ENS cinder.” Pomage staimpe Wot reeetoed aa eulacriphions Tile DAILY HERALD, treo cents wy. $1 per annum. THE WEEKLY UBBALD, every Gaturday, af ele cents por ener orks meet eee 7a no include age; the Srdipocnia Bitclon’ on the Sch tind SON of each mond fat ove cents te TERALD on Wednestay, at four cents per PY SER Oe CORRESPONDENCE, containing important news, solicited from earn. % ae Finer v woul, til be Pirrihdinir’ Bugeeerny ro Szat als Larreus aX Pace (AGES SENT US. Volume XXIV. AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING, GARDEN, Brondway.—Evoucrions On m8 raat hore usuninan’s Damau—ASPHODRL, WERY. THEATRE, Rowery.—Honerr, rus Founn- ee tne Pannicibe Tix Muuwees—Pixe’s Paax, WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Guratpure. LAURA KKENR'S THEATRE, 64 Broadway.—Houss anv Home—Nove Ports or tax Law. NEW BOWERY Vaxws—Four Lovi SAREE Bowery.—Onangs Gist or BRYANT# MINSTRELS, Mechanics Hall, 412 Broadway.— Bon.esques, Songs, Dances, &c.—Cuaw Roast Brgy. PALACE GARDEN AND HALL, Fourteenth street.— Moswat Somes axd Mititagy Concent. ATHENAUM, South Brooklyn.—Woop’s MINsTRRLs IN Ermortun Songs, Dances, 4c.—Rarnoap Saas Ur. New York, Wednesday, September 7, 1859. The News. Mr. McLane, our Minister to Mexico, arrived at Mobile on Monday, from Vera Cruz, in the steam sloop-of-war Brooklyn, and immediately left for Washington. Mr. McLane is the bearer of the new treaty negotiated with the Juarez government of Mexico. The main points of this treaty are given in our special despatch from Washington, and we bave commented upon the important advantages gained by the United States in the editorial co- lumns. The Arago arrived at this port yesterday evening with details of news from Europe to the 24th ult. It appears that the change in the Austrian Cabinet ia to be followed by many reforms, religious and political, in the system of government. Notwith- standing the annexation to Piedmont, by votes of the National Assemblies of Tuscany and Modena, peo- ple atill feared that Napoleon would make an effort, even by force, to replace the Grand Dukes in power. A good many reforms were expected from the Pope in his system of rule after he clearly ascertained the result of the Zurich Conferences. Some of the Paris papers advocate the assemblage of @ general European Congress. The Jnvalide Russe had received a warning, owing to its late articles on this subject and the progress of human freedom in general. There was a very spirited movement be- ing carried on in St. Petersburg with a view to render both the army and navy of the Czar more efficient. Mr. Lever’s latest offer for the charter of the Great Eastern steamship had been debated ata meeting of the directors of the company, but, as ‘we anticipated yesterday, no definite resolution had been come to on the subject. We have additional advices from Buenos Ayres, dated on the 5th of July. Our correspondent writes: “ The report here is that Urquiza has crossed over the river Parana with 1,000 men to meet our troops before they get to Rosario. Yesterday a batallion of National Guards was shipped to St. Garcia to relieve the others, who have been there some time. Yesterday the “ Fourth” was passed by all the Americans in conviviality generally ; dinners, par- ties and balls were the order of the day. The brig Dolphin saluted with twenty-one guns.” Our correspondent in Montevideo writes on the 12th of July thus:—“ Within a few days a large num- ber of persons have been banished this city for their friendly feelings toward General Flores, who has lately passed over to Buenos Ayres from Uriquiza’s army. The Argentine steamers of war (formerly Pampero, Salto and Menai, with a bark,) have been lying in this port about two months. Captain Mason, commandant of the Pampero, died sud- RICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—After- ns oe aad Bveaing- Honma Meabows. way.—After- | Opening of our November Campaign denly on the 2d inst. He was of American parentage, born in Buenos Ayres. Business here is very dull. The National Guard are under arms every night, fearing an invasion from Buenos Ayres, headed by General Flores.” The New York Republican State Convention for the nomination of candidates for State officers will be held to-day at Syracuse. A large number of the republican and American leaders had reach- ed Syracuse last evening, and were busily engaged in making preparations for the events. Our de- spatches give the current speculations as to the can- didates. Fhe Tammany Hall primary election farce for delegates to the Syracuse Convention on the 14th inst. was enacted last night in the various wards throughout the city. Unlike previous elections, there was little interest manifested, as it was well understood among the “‘unterrified” that the dele- gation “slate” had been made up some days pre- vious at a secret caucus of the managers of the Tam- many Democratic General Committee, and the formula of an election was only a “blind.” There wag no extraordinary excitement, with the excep- tion of slight skirmishes in the Eighth and Six teenth wards. The election for State officers in Vermont took place yesterday. Of course the republican candi- Gates were elected. A meeting of the Supervisors was held yesterday afternoon, and the long contested tax levy, minus the appropriation for the Commissioners of Record, ‘was finally adopted, seven members voting in the affirmative and twoin the negative. In the Court of General Sessions‘ yesterday, thos Gaand Jury was empannelled and Judge Russell charged them upon the usual topics. There were no jury trials, and there will probably not be much business transacted until the Grand Jury present bills on the cases to be laidbefore them. ACoroner’s jury yesterday rendered a verdict charging Elizabeth Byrnes, as principal, and Mary with fhirrsales, including geome parcels for export, while prices were unchanged. Wheat was heavy and gales light; among the transactions waa Kentucky prime to good white at $140.0 $145. Cora was firmly held, while sales were fair, including old mixed Western at 0c. and new do. ‘at @lc. aud round yellow at @5c. Pork was irregular, but tolerably active, with sales of new moss at $14 00 a $15, and of prino ot $10373{, Boof was dull, and lard Ori. Sugars wore firm, with gales of 1,000 «1,200 bhds. and $,000 bags, at prices given in another place. Coffee was firm, but transactions were light. The stock in this mar- ket embraced 69,074 bags Rio, 27,150 mats Java, and 2,425 bags government do., anda total quantity of pack- ages of all kinds of 97,906. The stock on the 9th of Au- guat last comprised 65,020 bags Rio, 65,000 mats Java, 2,672 bags government do., anda total of all Kinds of 141,789 packages—showing a decrease, compared to the total of present atock, of 44,454 packages. Tho chjof de- creaso has been in Java, showing 6 falling off of 28,850 inals, while bags have fallen off only 147. The bulk of the Java recently taken out of the market, with somo cargoes of Laguayra and Maracaibo, have booa on Ger- man account. During the war in Italy some German houses, not knowing how long it would endure or how widely spread, ordered cargoes of coffeo from Voneguola to this port, in order to be reshipped, if necessary, in American vessels to home ports. This movement caused stocks to accumulate hore and to diminish in German.ports; hence the stimulus given to the recent movement. Some car- . goes of Laguayra arriving hore, on German account, were sold at prices which were found remunorative, aud re- shipment rendered upnecessary. Freights were om, while engagements were moderate. ——$—$—$—$ Meeting of the Republican State Con- vention. Tho meeting of the Republican State Con- vention to-day at Syracuse opens the ball of our November State campaign. This day week the Democratic Convention will meet in the same place; and this day two weeks the rump ot the dismantled American party will bging up the rear at the handsome little city of Utica. The republicans, in leading off, will have the rough heavy work of the campaign upon their hands; for while they will have the advantage of the first choice of the ground, they will be under the necessity of protecting their flanks and rear, like an army surrounded by vigilant enemies and infected with the seeds of mutiny and rebellion. The two most delicate and important items of the republican programme at Syracuse will be, first, the conciliation of the rump of the Know Nothing faction; and second, a peace- able arrangement with the canal men par ex- cellence, who have recently assumed the shape of an independent organization upon that “one idea” of the canals. With regard to the first proposition, our Albany correspondent furnishes, in another part of this paper, some interesting views. We dare say, too, that at least a portion of the Know Nothing junta will be content with a man or two on the republi- can State ticket, just as a hungry dog is con- tent with a marrow bone or two from the table of his master. Yet there are others of the “American” board of managers who are not dis- posed to sell out to Thurlow Weed at less than cost. Chief among these is the Know Nothing candidate for Governor in 1856, whose violent course against Fremont during that campaign has, rendered him particularly obnoxious to Weed & Co. at any price. This gubernatorial gentleman, and his rabid cayenne confederates, therefore, may be driven over to the demo- eratic side; and thus the rump of the late great American party may disappear in about equal doses to the republican and the demo- cratic parties in our November election. Upon the second proposition, that of the canals, some ingenious double-dealing dodge will most likely be the policy of the Republi- can Convention. The canals, which have cost the State within a fraction of seventy millions of dollars, are still an expensive burden. If sold at auction the sale would be a magnificent job to a horde of greedy speculators, who have fixed their longing eyes upon the enormous amount of spoils and plunder which would thus be brought within their grasp. But, on the other hand, there is a powerful body of old canal fogies, if you please, who hold up a threatening finger, and who have uttered the warning voice—“Abandon us, and we abandon you.” And so, between these ancient canal men and the Central Railroad oligarchy the wits of the Republican Convention will be sorely exercised to keep peace on both sides. But we presume that some “glittering generali- ties” in the party platform will be devised: which to the canal men will be tendered as “a good enough Morgan till after-the elec- tion.” The paramount object of the republicans, under the management of Weed and his assist- ant Seward engineers, is to keep alive that “ir- repressible conflict” of the Rochester mani- festo, in order that the voice of New York may be turned into the endorsement of Seward for the next Presidency. To thisend we have no doubt this Convention at Syracuse will ring all the latest changes upon slavery, the “slave power,” the “aggressions of the slave power,” “bleeding Kansas,” the “Lecompton infamy,” the “English swindle,” “a slave code for the Territories,” the “revival of the African slave trade,” and the manifold sins and transgres- sions upon all these things of Mr. Buchanan’s administration. Thus a desperate attempt will be made to throw sufficient dust into the eyes of the people to blind them to the short comings of this republican party in reference to our State affairs, taxes, expenditures, lobby jobs and swindling lobby operations. But upon this slavery question the democra- cy may advantageously fight the enemy with their own weapons. If our democratic hards and softs could only be brought into a solid column, they have in that “brutal and bloody Smith, as accessory, in causing the death of a young | Rochester manifesto” the very instrument with woman named Mary E. Visscher by producing an | which they might lay Seward and his partisans abortion. The accnsed were committed to the Tombs to await the action of the Grand Jury. A fall report of the testimony is given in another colomn. About one o’clock yesterday morning a bloody affray occurred in Jackson square, at the junction of Eighth and Greenwich avenues, between a large party of Irish laborers and others. During the melée deadly weapons were freely used, and seve- low in the dust. Unfortunately, however, the Albany Regency, under the treacherous con- duct of Confidence Cassidy, instead of closing have widened the breach be- tween the Regency and the Astor House faction. We may therefore expect a split in the party Convention next week at Syracuse which will cost the democracy the loss of the ralof the combatants were badly wounded. We | State in November, the loss-of the city in De- Bive particulars elsewhere, from which it will be cember, and the loss of the voice of the State Been that the riot and bloodshed were caused Bome difference of opinion on the subject of The cotton market exhibited more tone y ; yesterday, though without quomite change in prices. The sales em- by | and the legitimate moral power of the State in Tell: | the Charleston Convention. Thus the golden opportunity for the complete prostration of Seward and his hopes will probably be thrown braced about 600 1,000 vales, closing on the basis of | away; and thus, through the selfish, treacherous Quotations given in another coly: Quoted middling cottons an 36 above the figures given. ‘The receipts at the ports up to latest dates, and prior to Beptember 1, embraced 3,720,000 bales Against 8,080,000 mn, though some brokers and high handed party despotism of the Albany Regency, the democracy of New York will, per- haps, be sacrificed for the benefit of W. H. 4m 1668, 2,908,000 in 1857, 9,498,000 in 1856. ‘The exports | Seward. have reached 3,011,000 bales, against 9 55 9,247,000 in 1867, an 2,045,000 in 1360, jad as 114,000, against 79,000 in 1858, 62,000 in 1857, 56,999 $n 1866, and 180,000 in 1855, Flour war in good demand but rather easier for common and ricdium grades of gate and Western. ales were made to a fair extont, at rai, gen im another place, Southern was io goo) de This Republican Convention, its embar- Tassmenis Ghd its proceediiiga, will throw a flood of light upon the drift of our State and national politics; but we shall look with still greater interest to the action upon the more Aongerons intestine Dsturkances which will en- ter into the business of the Democratic Conven- tion of.next week. Meantime, we are gratified to perceive that here and elsewhere evon the most mischievous leaders of the democracy are beginning to appreciate the necessity of a cor- dial support of Mr, Buchanan’s administration. Thus there is still a hope that, after a few more focal chastisements for their folly, all the re- hellious elements of the party may be brought to comprehend their desperate situation and their only remedy: a genoral recognition and defence of the administration, as the head and front and platform of the party. The Treaty with Mexico—A New Era of Commercial Prosperity. The new treaty which Mt. McLane has nego- tiated with President Juarez, of Mexico, is the moat important nogotiation|that has been con- cluded by our government since that of the ac- quisition of California. Qur Washington correspondent gives us the points of the treaty, which are: a perpetual and secure route across the Isthmusof Tehuantepec, afree port on the Gulf of California and a route therefrom to Arizonj, the adjustment and payment of the claims of our citizens against the Mexican government, and the pay- ment by us of about five millions of dollars to the government of Mexico, ont half of which is reserved to pay the American claims. When peace was made with Mexico our government endeavored to obtsin the right of transit across Tehuantepec in ery much the same terms that have now been conceded by Mexico, but without success. By the present treaty this important point has been made se- cure, and its effect will soon be experienced in all our negotiations with the ¢ther Isthmus governments. But the mos - important concession is that of a Youte from Arizona to a free port on the Gulf of California. When the golden gates of San Francisco were opened the whole commer- cial world received a tide of prosperity that still continues to flow, enriching industry and trade, and puzzling the philosophers as to its effect on prices and the value of gold. Now the silver gates of the Bay of Lobos are opened by the new treaty, and a flood of that metal will soon pour through them which will equalize the value of the two types of circulation, and give just such another impulse to all trade and prices as was experienced in 1849 from the placers of California. The practical result of the new treaty with Mexico will be to start the whole country on a career of speculation and expansion, and by the inevitable inctease of trade it will add in a few years millions to the wealth of New York, and in proportion to that of the whole country. The President has exhibited great segacity in conducting this negotiation with Mexito, and Mr. McLane has done his part of the labor with an ability rare among our representatives to the Spanish-American republics. While the “path of material prosperity has been opened to another of our rising States on the Pa- cific, the jealous susceptibilities of Mexico have not been wounded. Even more than this has been done. The moderate policy of Mr. Buchanan has proved to the government and the people of Mexico that we have no ambitious desire to take advantage of the present difficulties that involve that republic to deapoil it of its terri- tory and its rights. Had such a disposition animated this government, nothing could have been easier than for it to have found a pretext and to have taken possession of whatever it may have desired. The money that will accrue to Mexico from the new treaty will secure the triumph of the constitutional government there, and place President Juarez in a short time in the capital. This will enable Mexico to carry out the judi- cious reforms that have been initiated at Vera Cruz, and if its government pursues a wise course it will bring about the permanent es- tablishment of peace and order there. Bautmore Retvrsto To First PRINCIPLES. — The Baltimore papers have been occupied late- ly with, the projected meeting of citizens which was convened last Monday under the following call:— yw CrTizENs OF BALTIMORE, IRRESPECTIVE OF PaRTY— Fxi101 ‘We earnestly call on you to assemble with us in town meeting, at Monument square, on Monday afternoon, the bth day of September, at four o’clock, to deliberate with us and devise some means of rescuing our city from its present deplorable condition. Your presence in mass will give a moral force and power that will insure success. Affixed to this manifesto are the names of over two thousand of the leading citizens, pro- fessional men, merchants, tradesmen, &c., of the Monumental City. The phraseology of the call is sufficient to show the exigency which has induced it. It is an earnest demand forthe people of the city to assemble in town meet- ing, the oldest form of democratic government, the simplest and putest as well, to deliberate and devise some means for the “rescue” of the city from its present deplorable condition. It is a direct return to first principles, and the first step towards a resumption by the people of the government which, in bad hands, hasnot only disgraced Baltimore throughout the Union, but has brought much scandal upon American institutions all over the civilized world. Last year the Governor of Maryland was about to place the city of Baltimore under martial law, in order to guarantee the freedom of sufftage to all citizens during the October elections. Think of it—republican institutions, and free suffrage, their basis, to rest upon bayonets! |The city authorities averted this very necesary step by promising to preserve order; but things are even in a worse state now than {hey were before. Life and property are no losger safe in Baltimore, which is not a border tewn, half civilized, and filled with fugitives from the older settlements, but an old, wealthy and important city, as celebrated for the refinement and culture of its middle and upper classes 4s it is notorious for the brutality, cruelty and fetoci- ty of its street ruffians. It is marvellous that in such a city, within two hours journey ftom the federal metropolis, such a meeting as that we have alluded to is not only desirable put absolutely necessary, We trust that the meeting, which, on account of a violent storm, has been postponed until to-morrow, will have its due effect. Ifnot, then one of two deplorable things must come to pass—either martial law must be proclaimed during the approaching election, or the rowdy classes of Baltimore must be put down by a vigilance committee. We hope that the citi- zens will go to work at the ballot box to re- dress their own grievances, and that their sad condition will not be without its exemplary effect upon New Yorkers, who, had this city been no larger than Baltimore, would have been placed in equally ag had q situation as the people of that city. Ww YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1859 Ove New Boonpany Depvrs wits Great Bal- rain.—Our advices from the Pacific indicate a considerable degree of excitement in regard to the question of the right of sovereignty over the Arroo islands, lying between Washington Territory and Vancouver's Island. We give the details in another column. Previous des- patches had made known the fact that the island of San Juan, the principal of the group, had been occupied by a few of our troops; and now we learn that reinforcements had been sent there, as if General Harney apprehended that an attempt would be made to dislodge them. Governor Douglass had declared his intention of sending English troops there, and a rumor was also got up to the effect that thirty Ameri- cans had been killed in an attack made on the island by the British steamer Satellite. We do not attach the slightest importance to this last report, regarding it as a mere attempt to add to the excitement, and, if possible, to precipi- tate a collision, which could not fail to lead to deplorable resulta. We stated the other day what the real facts in this controveray are. The simple question is as to which of the two channels between Vancouver's Island and the main land was in- tended ‘by the negotiators to bo the boundary. Neither is specifically designated, We claim that it is the western one, known as the Canal de Harro. The British claim that it is the east- ern one, known as Rosario Strait. The former would give the archipelago to us; the latter would give it to the British. We can perceive no way of settling the ques- tion except by a peaceable compromise or by arbitration. In a military point of view, San Juan might possibly be of importance in cer- tain eventualities. It is, therefore, right to have the sovereignty of it decided. The action of General Harney, and of Governor Douglass, of British Columbia, will accelerate such settle- ment, and we doubt not that that has been the motive of their respective movements. Neither government can substantiate the legality of its claim, and therefore the question is eminently one that should be settled by compromise, not by force of arms. Soxprerine rw Massacavsetts.—The uniform- ed militia of Massachusetts, to the number of about five thousand, are holding their first general encampment, at the order and under the commend of Governor Banks. The en- campment is at Concord, where the first blood of the Revolution was shed, on the 19th of April, 1775. Of course there is a terrific ex- citement about the “general musfer” all over New England, and there will be an amount of going down to camp such as will utterly eclipse the excursion of the lamented Captain Goodwin, of immortal memory. On the last day of the.encampment the troops will be re- viewed by Major General Wool, and, wind and weather permitting, the scene will be one which has never been equalled “since Concord fight.” The idea of bringing the troops all together in one field is an excellent one; here- tofore the division encampments having been little more than so many wild sprees. The presence of the Commander-in-Chief, in actual command, and the strict enforcement of military discipline, will do away at Camp Massachusetts with many objectionable features of the old fashioned muster, and give to the very excel- lent volunteer militia of Massachusetts a more compact and homogenous ensemble than it has hitherto presented. Tue Mans axp THE PRESIDENTIAL Cam- palGn.—The republicans of Washington are mak- ing a fuss about the recent stoppage of a batch of bogus franked electioneering documents. They are exceedingly indignant at this pro- ceeding, and have come out with a manifesto on the subject. But all this talk will be of no avail, for it is high time that the nefarious franking privilege should be eradicated. It would be the best thing for the country if the Post Office authorities had the power of stopping all these franked electioneering docu- ments. It can scarcely be conceived to what an extent the mail cars are loaded and encum- bered by them in every Presidential campaign. All who receive newspapers and letters by mail are seriously injured in their business, their postage-paying letters being delayed to make room for these electioneering papers and pamphlets. While politicians are allowed to crowd the cars with their documents, the gene- ral revenue must suffer. There can be no doubt that between this time and the next election the tons of electioneering documents that will be circulated by means of the public mails will have to be counted by hundreds. Let the bogus franks be stopped by all means, Foreten Loans ty Tae Lonpon Market—A Sien or THE Towes.—The result of the recent offering of two public loans in the London market has a political significance which is worthy of attention. Two governments come before the money lenders with their drafts upon futurity. England wanted twenty-five millions of dollars to settle up her India bills; Russia asked for sixty millions for general purposes. The rates of interest promised were nominally different, one being five and the other three per cent; but these were equalized by the price set upon the stocks. Between the two govern- ments, in point of stability, credit and future prospects, there is no difference. Yet John Bull was willing to open his pursestrings and shell out, nottwenty-five but thirty-five millions of dollars, to sustain a doubtful empire in India, while for the Russian loan only two millions and a half could be picked up on London Change. Rightly read, the meaning of this is that John Bull has got tired of paying the scot for European crowns, and that the concerns on the Continent have got to find somebody else to discount their post obits. Those that cannot raise the money they want in their own fami- lies will soon haye to take down their crowns and put up the shutters of their palaces, Tuk ALLEGED Repuction or LaBor At THE Cenrrat. Pars.—The rumor that the Commis- sioners of the Central Park had discharged a thousand laborers on Monday proves to be inaccurate. It arose, no doubt, from the fact that a few of the gangs which numbered more men than were required for the work on which they were engaged were reduced, but to a very stall extent. The report gained credence from the fact that the Central Park stock, offer- ed by the Comptroller a few days ago, was not taken to the amount expected or usual when stock was previously offered. If, however, the stock be not taken to the required amount, and speedily too, the Commissioners will most pro- bably be compelled to make a considerable reduction in the force now employed, as the progress of the work depends upon the sup- plies thus received, according to the provisions gf the law under which they act. if Praesent To Mansnat MoManon.—There is no country in the world in which the noble. deeds of men or of nations receive a better ap- preciation or evoke a warmer sympathy than in this; no country on the face of the globe where the call of suffering humanity, no matter from what quarter it comes, ismet with amore ready response. In whatever part of the world a people may be struggling for their rights, or a brave soldier distinguish himself in war, or a public calamity fall upon the population, there is always @ large class in the United States to recognize them—to do special honor in the one case, and to assist the suffering in the other. Thus, we have seen in the revolution of Greece that Henry Clay considerably strengthened the foundation of his popularity by his advocacy of the rights of that struggling people. Then, the famine blight fell upon Ireland; a million hands were outstretched from these shores to supply the starving population with food. So, too, in the Cape de Verde islands, on two or three occasions of like calamity, our ships went freighted with provisions to those afllicted islands. More remarkable still, perhaps, than these promptings of charity, is the readiness’ with which deeds of daring among ‘foreign nations receive here a practical and generous recogni- tion. Of this we have had some recent illus- trations, Since the Itelian war commented Victor Emanuel has been the recipient of two splendid tokens of our appreciation of his part in the campaign. A handsome sword has been got up for him by the Italians and others in this city, and in California also a magnificent sword, hilted with native gold, has been manu- factured for the Sardinian King. There is a movement now on foot in this city to present Marshal McMahon, Duke of Magenta, with a fine horse, valued at two thousand dollars, which, we are told, is to equal the best animal in the Emperor's stud, together with a set of gorgeous caparisons. This undertaking, we presume, is set on foot by the Irish fellow citi- zens of the gallant Marshal, and it shows that there is no merit, wherever displayed, that does not find a class of men in this country ever rouiy te ppceameine and honor it EXPERIMENTING ON THE ATLANTIC CaBLE.—The Atlantic Telegraph Company, itscems, have em- ployed a skilful engineer to test the cable near Valentia, with a view to discover the spot where the leakage occurs which prevents the transmission of the electric current. The engi- neér in question is of opinion that the faultlies 263 statute miles from Valentia, where the worst insulation has always been observed, and that the rest of the cable is probably in good condi- tion. If this bé so, then by underruning that portion of the cable from the Valentia shore to the broken point, may not the entire cable be made to work effectively? A sum of ahundred thousand dollars, if we remember right, was talked of as an appropriation to renew this portion of the cable. Why not do so now, and let us see whether the deep sea portions are not all right? Would it not be astonishing to hear, in the course of a few weeks, of the successful working of the Atlantic cable? Tue Great Eastern’s Destrnation.—The question as to what American port or ports the mammoth steamship will visit isstill undecided. Our accounts are contradictory, but we may reasonably expect something definite by the Eu- ropa, now due at Halifax. The provincial journals are in much distress of mind on the subject, the Philadelphia and Boston papers being especially exercised. We apprehend that they need give themselves no special anxiety on the subject, as it is not at all probable that they will ever see the ship in their waters. We have already demonstrated the fact that she could be brought into this port—her natural destination. If she came with a light cargo, any of our pilots could bring her up to the Bat- tery, while if she drew even as much as thirty- five feet of water she could come safely to 106th street, where one of these days we shall have some magnificent docks for vessels approxima- ting her magnificent proportions. Tue Tir or Gotp.—On the 27th ultimo the steamship Moses Taylor arrived here from As- pinwall with $2,126,000 in gold on board from California. Yesterday telegraphic advices re- ceived by way of Tehuantepec announced that the Sonora and Cortes are on their way to Panama with $2,132,000 on board, which will be due here on the 12th inst. This golden tide is pouring in upon us at the rate of four millions and a quarter a month, to which must be added the current of silver that has already began to flow from Northern Mexico. In the same pe- riod oftime above referred to we have received nearly a million and a quarter of silver by way of New Orleans. When Arizona shall have a port on the Gulf of California the silver tide will swell to equal that of gold from California. This all indicates the good time coming for speculators and merchants. Look out for the expansion, Tae Harvests or THE WoRLD—PRosPECTS FOR Cueap Markets.—The blessings of bountiful harvests have not been limited this year to any particular quarter of the world. All nations and peoples are rejoicing alike in the fulness with which the earth has yielded her fruits. Our own crops are larger by an average of twenty-five per cent than they have ever been before. The harvests in England and Ireland are represented as excellent. In France the yield of wheat has been but little below the average, and that decline is counterbalanced by large reserves of old wheat, which will pre- vent the possibility of high prices. All over the Continent the harvest has been either equal to or better than that of former years. Our latest despatch from Liverpool speaks of bread- stuffs and provisions being very dull in that market and sales unimportant. It is, therefore, quite clear that our agricul- turists need not expect to get high prices for their produce this year. Our exports of grain to Europe will not be on a very large scale. The excellence of the harvests there forbids such an idea. But of late years the social condition of the working classes of the popula: tion of Europe has been improving, and conse- quently the consumption of flour has been in- creasing. This may tend measurably to aug- ment our export of grain; but still, all things considered, that export cannot be very large. The farmer, therefore, who hoards up the pro- duce of his fields in the hope that he will ob- tain higher prices than now rule, runs a great risk of being a loser rather than a gainer by the delay. Our agriculturists must be content that the plenteousness of the harvest counter- balances the low price of grain; and as to those of our people who are not engaged in agricultural pursuits, they will have occasion to be thankful for a season of great prosperity agd cheapness, Mr. McLane has arrived at Mobile from Vera Crux the new treaty negotiated with the constitutional . govern. Ment there under the recent instructions sent out to Ho is expected to arrive here on Thuraday night. The treaty contains certain important stipulations in Bard tothe transit by Tehuantepec which will form Dasis of all our future interoceanic transit inoluding security of the route, free passage’ of c! mails, ports of deposit on either ocean, and neutrality time of war; it also opens a route from the Gulf of Calt- fornia to Arizona, and provides for s commission to ex- examine and settle the claims of our citizens Mexico. For the privileges conceded to us we are to ‘Mexico about five millions of dollars, one half of which ‘Tehuantepec isthmus, which was vainly sought when the treaty of peace was made with Mexico, and for which twenty millions would have boon paid thon; and in addi- tion, it secures to the silver producing district of Arizona afree route and porton the @ulf of California, which ia allimportant toit for supplies and omigration.. Under ~ the stimulus which this stipulation will give to tho in- — duatry of Arigona and Sonora, it is confidently slated by well informed persons that they wil very soon send az much ilyer ate the markets of the world as California BOW sends gold, ‘The attempt of the Washington Postmaster to correct the alleged abuse of the franking privilege is likely to giva him much trouble. While the Department asserts that ne hew regulation has been made, the decision baying been | made by Judge Campbell in 1856, confirmod by Gov. Brown, and reaffirmed by Postmaster General Holt, the city Postmaster has but recently commenced its enforce- ment. He says he will enforce it alike upon all members. On the contrary, the republicans claim to have proofs that it has only been enforced to their detriment, while docu- ments, under the franks of democratic members who have been away for months, have been constantly passing F through the Post Office without inquisition. They threaten to bring out proof and substantiate his partiality, in which case his removal may be looked upon ag certain.’ Judge Holt is determined to enforce the regula- tions and correct present abuses, and ifthe Postmaster has been delinquent in the performance of his duty neither he nor the President will screen him. It is contended by many that the law on which the regulation is based refers only to letters, and was not intended to include printed _ matter. The abuse has long been sanctioned by custom, and has grown into an enormous tax upon the postal reve- nues, and no doubt it should be corrected. If the next Congress wish to tax the correspondence of the country for electioneoring purposes, it must shoulder the responai- bility of amending the laws to suit its purpose. Advices received from California by both administration and Douglas democrats express the opinion that the ad- ministration party there will be defeated in the coming election. ‘The Department of State has received information that the government of Hayti has substituted an export duty on coffee of 134 piastres per hundred pounds in lieu of the duty of one-fifth in kind heretofore exacted. Col. T. T. Fauntleroy has been ordered to the command of the Military Department of New Mexico. Joshua B. Sykes, of Portland, Oregon, has been appoint- ed Indian Agent in Oregon, vice E. P. Drew , removed. Contracts with Hunt & Armstrong for building the Ma- rioe Barracks at Brooklyn are in course of preparation at the Navy Department. THE GENERAL NEWSPAPER DESPATCH. THE SAN JUAN ISLAND DISPUTE—MEXICAN AFFAIRS, ETC. ‘Wasurxarton, Sept. 6, 1859. General Harnoy has acquainted Licutenant General Scott with all the circumstances attending his occu- pation of the island of San Juan. It appears that he had pet been previously specifically instructed to take possession, but sent troops thither to pro- ect the twenty-five or thirty Americans residing ther eon, who had been included in, the taxation limits by the anthorities of Washington Territory, Our boundary commissioner, Mr. Campbell, has ne doubt about the Bland belonging to the United States, but the British Commissioner made issue, and hence the protest of Governor Douglass. This ubject excites much interest in official and diplomatic cir- les. A letter from General Vidaurri, just received, speaks in onfident terms of the prospects of the constitutionalists. He was employed in sending troops into the interior of Mexico from Monterey. Arms and munitions were seve- ral days ago sent him from one of the Northern ports of ‘our country. The President has accepted the resignation of Mr. Hendricks as Commissioner of the Land Office. OPENING OF THE STATE CAMPAIGN. Our Albany Correspondence. ABany, Sept. 5, 1860. The Republican Policy and Candidates—The Know Nothings on their Last Legs—The Complexion of the Democratic State Delegates—A Double Delegation to Charleston Indispensable—The Democratic Convention Contested Seats and Candidates, dc. The Republican Convention this week fires the signal gun for the State campaign, and the action upon which it may determine, and the complexion of the candidates it puts into the field, will undoubtedly have much influence upon the character of the fight. Up to this time Mr. ‘Weed’s policy is well known to have been directed to- wards uniting the soft Americans with his own faction of the republican party; and to this end he has corrupted from Know Nothingism Messrs.Ulmann, Benton, Northrup, Odell, and a number of other shining lights of the dark lantern, trusting to their assumed influence with the “prethren to bring the bulk of the rank and file into the Seward camp. The programme was, and.I believe atill is to be, for the Republican State Convention to place two Americans upon their State ticket, without making any change in the republican platform, and without sub- Jecting the republican leaders to the embarrassment ofany open negotiations with the Know Nothings. It was to this end that Mr. Weed labored, through Auditor Benton and others, to have the American State Convention thrown over beyond the 7th inst., as the republicans are now left free to select such Know Nothings as will suit their own purposes, without reference to the desire of the Americans themselves; and the well known Weed and Seward decla- ration, that no coalition can be made with the Know No- things as a separate organization, but that the doors of the republican party proper are open to all comers, will not be falsified by the action of the Convention. ‘This policy is very shrewdly chosen, and if persevered in can scarcely fail, despite its exposure, to ehatter the Know Nothing element into pieces, and to remove a very annoying, if not @ dangerous obstruction from the road, prior to the important race of 1860. A large proportion of those Know Nothings who are really anti-democratic at heart, and who are wise enough to sce that their third party game is entirely play- ed out, will be certain to support a ticket thus constitu- ted. Another portion of the Order, who refuse to swallow Seward and the negro under any and all circumstances, understanding the game of Mr. Weed, will wheel off on to the democrStic side. The Know Nothings, whatever their course may be, whether nominating a straight ticket or making one up’ out of the candidates of the other two parties, will thus be entirely wiped out—their vote re- duced to a number too beggarly to decide a district elec- tion, much less to influence the result in the State. "it is said, however, some embarrasament is antici in carrying out this a ee in view of the fact ‘that it wor leave the Know Nothings free to endorse their own portion of the republican ticket, and to fill up the balance from the democratic candidates; and in case this should be done, and Auditor Benton and Daniel Ulmann should find themselves powerless to deliver over to Mr. Weed ag many of tho brethren as they have bargained to sell, the republicans would be in a_very awkward dilemma. The indications are, too, that Brooks, who in some matters is not so much of a booby after all,is resolved to make as much as he can out of the carcass of Know Ne ism, and contemplates selling out to the democrats by adopt- ing such a policy in the American Convention, and then secretly working among the dark lanterns for the wholo of the democratic candidates, He does not see why Ben- ton should bag the whole of the spoils, But I do not think- these considerations will deter Mr. Weed from ad- hering to his original policy; and, after all, think it is tho wisest that could be pursued. The hatred between the radicals and the Sewardites in the republican ranks has an intensity and bitterness that are put little understood by the general class of lookers-on. It takes shape in the present contest in the case of Canal Commissioner Shegriit, a radical, who is marked for the slaughter by the Weed faction. ‘$M. Sherrill has been un- manageable ever since his election, When he first took ‘oftice he refused to appoint three boat inspectors in this city named by Mr. Weed, and assigned as his reason that he was going to giv jecure offices to men who would ady to make affidavits against him whenever they were required to do so, Tt is now charged that Sher