The New York Herald Newspaper, June 2, 1859, Page 4

4 NEW. YORK. HERALD, THURSDAY, JUNK (2, 1859. NEW YORK HERALD. —e JAMES GORDON BENNETT, ED ND PROPRIETOR. OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. OFFICE N. W. ERMS, cust in addeance, Money sent by mail willbe atthe rE NS seniters Postage camps not received as subscription money. THE DAILY WERALD, tio centa per copy, $1 per annum EWEEKLY HERALD. cvory? Saturday, ct tieconts por prior $3 per Sinmun: the Baropean Bilton coery Watneday tx cents ny: ny o or 86 to ay part a the Continent hth incite postage: he California tation on the Gth and Bth of each at ake conte Ponte FAMILY HERALD, on Wednesday, at four cents per ig important annum to ai ‘OLUN ae CORRESPONDENCE, Bay ide well be ewe, solicited Jrom any quarter of the world vent ae ue Uibera jor Ba Ou Fonmox Conk ae | Pann a eerren to Seals als LETTERS AND PACK: aero 1 of anonymous correspondence, We do not FH mrad with naatness, cheapness and de sputch. Volume XXIV. AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING, ~ His Lasr NIBLO'S GARDBA, Broadway —L4 Baraveri Lags—WaATeRM AN, ROWERY THRATRE, Bowery.—Mave, tus Taarren— Byutass Wirson. M&TROPOLITAN THEATRE (Late Burton's).—Fiora, ox tux Gursey’s Frouic. WALLACK’S THRATRS, Broadway.—Tug Rivats—Boww DRagoons. LAURA KEENE'S THEATRES, No. 634 Broadway.— Scaoon or hevonu—My Precious Betsy. THEATRE FRANOCAIB. 685 Broadway. Decr Avecciss—Le Prano DE Beetux—Fugnissep ArakTMEnt. NUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway —After- pate LamPLicutke—Srectae Beibegnoom. Evening— ‘mole Tom's WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING, 661 and 563 Broadway— Exuorias 80n68, Danexs, &0.—SCAMPInt. TANTS’ MINSTRELS, MEOH ANIC® HALL, 427 Broad- woreheane Bones, 4c.—Cuaw Roast Buer. EY’S MINSTRELS, Broadway.-—Bun iEsq’ soa ‘paxaes, ao mw Dearroutss ‘Lovers. ae New York, Thursday, June 2, 1850. ‘The News. The report of the arrival of the European mail steamer America at Halifax on Tnesday even- ing was an error, the vessel proving to be a French man-of-war. The America was signalized off Hali- fax at half-past four o'clock yesterday afternoon, and her news, which is three days later, will reach this eity this morning. By the overland mail we have advices from San Francisco to the 9th ult., four days later than those received by way of the Isthmus, but there is no general news of interest. Business showed some symptoms of reviving. The arrival of the ship Sweepstakes, from New York, is the only one re- ported from Atlantic ports. The contract entered into by the Post Office De- partment with Mr. Johnson, for conveying the mails from New Yerk and New Orleans to California via Nicaragua, has been perfected and depatched to Washington for acceptance. Some interesting par- ticulars with reference to the contract, and the prospect of its fulfilment, by the opening of the Transit route at a comparatively early day, may be found in another part of to-day’s paper. The law officer of the general government, by direction of the President, has just rendered an im- portant opinion upon the Pecont conflict of authori- ty which has arisen between the federal executive, judicial and military officers stationed in Utah Ter- ritory. The substance of this document is given in our special despatch from Washington, from which it appears that the course of Governor Cumming is sustained. This opinion is also important in an- other respect, as it defines the principles that should govern Governors of Territories and _mili- tary commandants in the exer of the powers delegated to them. An important communication from the Chamber of Commerce was received by the Commissioners of Health at their meeting yesterday, submitting a tariff of prices to be charged for lighterage of ves- sels at Quarantine and in the lower bay. Several reports from the police captains relative to the progress of street cleaning were also received by Mayor Tiemann, and we publish them, with the communication from the Chamber of Commerce, in our report of the meeting of the Health Com- missioners, in another column. The arrival of two vessels from yellow fever ports was announced to the meeting by the Health Officer, and they were ordered to be detained five days at Quarantine. The Board of Excise Commissioners met in the Common Pleas Court room yeste: afternoon at three o'clock, Coimissioners Haskett and Kerr present. A license wis granted to Freeman & Bacon, No. 19 Wall street, on payment of thirty dollars. The Board will meet again on Monday next at three o'clock, at the same place. There was no quorum of the Board of Education yesterday, and it is thoughi the members absented themselves to avoid coming in collision with the questicn of reading the Bible in the schools, as it ‘was understood a report would be submitted by the Committee on Bye-laws recommending the read- ing of the Scriptures in all the schools under the jurisdiction of the Beard, without note or com- ment. We publish the names of the absent mem- bers in another column. The Board of Aldermen did not meet last evening. The weekly meeting of the Commissioners of Emigration took place yesterday. A communica- tion from the Commissioners of Streets of Tompkinsville, Staten Island, stating that they had received a petition for the opening of a road on the easterly side of the island, now enclosed by the walls of the Quarantine establishment, from several freeholders of Richmond county, and also that they were disposed to consider the petition fa- vorably, was read and placed in the hands of the counsel ofthe Board. A comiunication frem Dr.Je-- rome, of the Marine Hospital, asking for some requi- sites for the establishment, was referred to a committee. The number of emigrants arrived dur- ing the week was 2,534, swelling the total since December to 27,343. The overdraft has been paid, and there is now $9,380 88 of a balance in favor of the Commissioners. The receipts of beef cattle during the past week amounted to 3,289 head, an increase of 703 head as compared with the receipts of the week previous: The large supply caused a decline of about half a cent a pound on all qualities, the rates ranging from %jc. to 12¢c. per pound, with few sales at the latter figure. Extra milch cows were in fair request at remunerative prices, although a slight general decline in rates is reported. The quotations range from $20 to $65. The supply of veal calves was ample, and a declining tendency in prices was ob- servable; 3c. a 6}c. are the quoted rates, while very extra sold at 7c. The receipts of sheep and lambs were unusually heavy, causing a further decline of 50c. a 75c.a head. The quotations are $3 a $6, ac cording to quality. Swine were in tolerably active request, at last week's prices—6c. a 7c. per pound The sales of cotton yesterday embraced about 500 bales, in lots, at unchanged prices. Dealers were anxious: Ty awaiting the receipt of later foreign news. Flour was more firmly held for medium to good grades, while sales generally were checked by the absence of the steamer’s news, and by the rejection by inspectors of some West- ern common grades ground from Spring wheat. The mar- ket for wheat was firmer, at the previous day’s quotations; #ales of good mixed Illinois were made at $1 75, and good ‘Western white, on private terce, Corn was more irmly held, while sales were moderate. Western mixed sid at 0c. ; round yellow at 90c. a Ole. ; Jersey and Southern yel- low at 92c,, and good Southern white for export at 3c, Pork was held with tolerable fir:aness, while eales were | limited, at $17 12 for new mess, and at $15 12. for | Prime; clear meas at $19 25 a $1950, prime do. at $17 $0 a $10; thin mess at $17 25, and prime at $15 12, | Beef was heavy and sales moderate, while lard was un. | changed The stock of pork of ail kinds on ist Juno Comprised 93,443 bbis., against 04,394 1st of May ast, aud 49,925 Jet June, 1858, The stock of beef, 1st Juno, compris | partof Gretiags; ts | ports and to the Continent we refer to another | ed 98,211 tlerces and barrels, against 52,072 ou the Ist May i last, and 22,654 on Int June, 1858, Sugars wore active, and in good demand for refining. Tho sales embraced about 2,100 hdes., nearly all Cuba refuing goods, at rates given in arother column. Coffee, iu viow o the auc ior gale to come offto-day, was quiet. Ia freights a moderate busi- pees was doing; 2,800 bushels of good white Southern corn were engeged for Liverpool by Messrs. Montgomery Brothers, at 3d. in ship's bags. The same house shipped 8,000 busbeis, previously noticed, making 5,800 bushola in two days. For other engagements to English place. It wos stated that underwriters in England, fear. iwg the possibility of an extension of the war, have in- creased their premiums on Bremen ships and cargoes to about five per cent, which was considered to bo unneces- sary and extravagant. Our offices are reported to have taken a still lees reasonable view of the question, and have 80 far refused to underwrite at all on Bremen ves- sels and cargoes. The consequence bas been that some Bremen vessels have changed their destination for Koglish or other decidedly neutral ports, while an American yes- fel has been put up for Bremen and already has a good Part of acargoon board. It strikes us that our uader- writors have become over cautious in this case, aud have declined an opportunity to make money at reasonably on banced ricks. ‘Whe War Revuilsion in Buropean Finance= First Effects of the Storm. ‘The monetary disasters that are likely to fol- low from the effects of the present war in Eu- rope, and the necessary destraction it will entail upon the financial and banking systems of seve- al of the most powerful of the European govern- ments, are eo entirely different in their character and in the laws that govern them from the reval- sions known to the present generatioa, that few persons now engaged in the active trausactions of life comprehend or consider them. ‘The experience of the present age is limited to asmall number of commercial revulsions which have grown out of the exaggeration of the healthy elements of trade. Few recolleét the ruin that swept through the commercial world on the commencement of Pitt’s war, and the con- sequent suspension of specie payments by the Bank of England, or the vast fortunes made by a horde of army contractors during its twenty- one years’ continuance, while commerce flagged, looms were stopped, ships rotted at the wharves, merchants went into bankruptcy or prigon, and the army was the only refuge of the people from starvation. The beginning of a great war, and the short continuance of any strictly local conflict, acts as a stimulus upoo trade and industry, because its effects are as yet felt only in their demand for the elements of de- struction. But when its true work comes to bear-—when the circulating medium is turned from its wonted channels, and the force of de- struction without production and exchange be- gins to be felt—the longing for peace sets in, and continues to increase in intensity till its arrival is celebrated with bonfires and enthusiastic shouts that far exceed any manifestations of joy at the declaration of war. This simple truth marks the real effect of war upon the common weal. Let us now group together a few of the facts that have marked the progress of the pre- sent contest. In the foreground stands the tact that the several governments of Europe, since the Ist of January, have either come into the market, or are preparing to come in, for loans to the amount of three hundred and fifty millions of dollars. England raised thirty-five millions for her Indian wants, and immediately sent one-half ofitin silver to Calcutta. Austria asked for a hundred millions; but all the power and credit of the Rothschilds could not raise it for her, and she seized the metallic reserve of the Bank of Vienna, suspended specie payments, borrowed two-thirds of the sum in paper, and assessed a forced loan of fifteen millions more on Lombardo-Venetia. Russia sought for sixty millions; but she, too, failed to obtain it, and has adopted a system of financial expedients at home. Sardinia asked for six millions, failed to get it, and suspended specie payments also, borrowing the amount in paper from the National Bank of Turin. France has called upon her people to contribute one hundred millions of dol- lars, and they offer five hundred millions. Turkey borrowed a short time since twenty-five millions. Prussia, Holland, Belgium and the German Con- federation, are now preparing to come into the money market for large amounts. The first effect of these extraordinary borrow- ing is to cause people to look at the financial condition of the several governments. They find that for years past all have exhibited deficits in their budgets. Since 1851 France has borrowed and spent six hundred millions of dollars more than her revenue. Austria has done the same to the extent of four hundred millions. England had to borrow nearly one hundred millions to prosecute the Crimean war; and if she goes into the present one there is no possibility of esti- mating how much she must borrow. Russia, Sardinia, Spain, Germany, Prussia—all have exhibited deficits for some time past; and the re- volution that threatens ow to sweep over com- merce gives no hope for a different state of things. As a result of these movements we find specie disappearing from the vaults of trade, and seek- ing the hoards of fear or the war chests of the army. In fifteen days New York has sent off ten millions of dollars. The last returns of the Banks of England and France show that in one month they had lost also ten millions of bullion, In the two months preceding the declaration of war in 1854 the bullion in the Bank of England alone ran down eight millions, and in the two succeeding months ten millions more. To en- deavor to stop this drain the rate of interest has already been raised in London one per cent, on the 6th of May, and will no doubt be still fur- ther advanced. This stops commerce from using money. But war does not care for per centages; its first step is to suspend specie payments, which, when taken by a government, is nothing more nor less than a direct robbery of its own subjects. Already the consequences of these extraor- dinary movements are beginning to be felt. Al- though the promised rate of interest has not been refused, an immense depreciation has been caused in the value of government securities and | public stocks. It is calculated that the deprecia tion in British consols is already equal to three bundred and fifty millions of dollars, and that of the stocks of public companies three hundred and fifty millions more On the Continent the effect has been much greater, and we may safely estimate the fall in the value of funded property in Europe at four thousand millions of dollars. From these causes will follow the ruin of the bankers; and they have already begun to fall, In April Lutteroth failed fora large amount in Trieste, On the 2d of May, Wolf & Co., Berlia bankers, failed; on the 5th, Lloyd, Belby & Co. failed in London; on the 6th, Arnstein & Eckles, Vi bankers, failed for ten millions of doliar up to the 12th of May nearly one hundred {ail- ures were announced on the Stock Exchange and in trade in London. At Constantinople gudden advance ia the value of sterling ex- change from 143 to 156 plasters had caused the bankers to gather in couneil in the beginning of Mag; and in Holland, where large amounts of Austrian and other Continental secu ities are held, the depreciation of securities had been £0 severcly felt that numerous suicides had taken place, The cause of these dire results may be rv- duced to a simple expression: the governing class in Europe—a class that has no connection with commerce and Uttle spmpathy with in- dustry—is seizing upon the wealth of the world, Perverting it from the arteries and veins of trade, and pouring it into their own pockets and the pockets of a hoard of army contractors, and squandering it in destructive dynastic wars, Let not our merchants flutter themselves that these things are going to be good for them. They will be good fora new class of speoula- tors; men who will run great risks for the chance of great profits—men who connect them- selves with the quartermasters and supply con- tractors of Europe, and who will resort to all kinds of expedients to win a purse or break a neck in the race for fortune. But a general war in Europe will break dowa all its existing fianu- cial and commercial circles, and the effects can- not but be severely felt in one way or another here. Tue Last Fruiscster Forax—War at THE St, Nicvoras.—As our readers have been informed by our news columns, there have beea within the past two days some tremendous wars and im. mensely terrible conflicts (of words) between a number of gentlemen who follow the business of extending the area of our institutions (especially revolvers) in various parts of this continent. ‘The sanguinary Anderson, the bloodthirsty Titus, the airy Hicks, the robustious Wheat, and sundry of their attachés, defendants, camp followers, vaseals and serfs, seem to be the responsible par- ties in the bloodless quarels which have recently taken place in that remarkable Field of Mars, the barroom of the St. Nicholas Hotel. We have rarely seen the old Latin maxim— Facilis descogsus Averni, Sed revocare gradu, superagque evadere ad auras, Hic labor, hoc opus est— more fully proved than in these late wars of the rosebuds. They, headed by Walker, have been fighting all sorts of odds and ends in Mexico and Central America for years. Some of them, with- out doubt, led forlorn hopes at Chepultepec, Cherubusco, or on the bloody field of Molino del Rey. In Sonora, Lower California and Nicara- gua they have singly put to flight whole armies of greasers. In fact, they only surrender- ed when the StarSpangled Banner, backed by some vulgar marines, and sustaiaed by blue jackets, with matches in disagreeable proximity to twenty-four pounders, appeared be- fore their patriotic eyes. That was a good while ago for this fast age. But even then they had little intestine rows, When they were high and dry on the sand bar at Punta Arenas, with nothing to eat but revolvers, they quarrelled. Then and there the bold Titus and the ferocious Anderson had trouble. Then and there the gal- lant Wheat, who is one of the most accommo- dating fellows in the world, suggested that the matter should be settled. There was the prettiest fighting ground in the world. There was a hard sand bank, plenty of revolvers, shady trees, and no authorities or institutions to interfere with the chi- valrous amusement of boring a-hole in your friend’s head by way of illuminating him with your peculiar ideas. But, no, for some reason or other the threatened difficulty was providen tially averted. Subsequently, Colonel Titus took up a new line of country, and journeyed to- wards the auriferous regions nigh to the Califor- nia Gulf. But General Twiggs, who belongs, like General Webb, to the regular army, wouldn’t permit the bold Titus and his merry men to cross the frontier of Arizona. The General evidently believed that the intentions of Titus were not lamb-like, and your army man has an in- tense disgust for your amateur militaire. Walker, too, failed to meet with a very cordial reception ia Mexico, and with his trusty adhe- rent, Anderson, came to New York. This set of chevaliers met the Titus party. They were all, as the boys say, “spiling for a fight,” and they picked out the St. Nicholas barroom as the scene of their campaign. Curiously enough, the land- lord of the hotel failed to sce the matter in the fillbusters’ light, and acting with the vigor and promptitude of a Paulding, had Colonel Ander- son locked up—absolutely incarcerated in a sta- tion house. And the other filibusters grew calmer. And the world, as Galileo says, does move. But the filibusters are a good deal like the man who, in journeying through the South, saw a number of persons disputing, and desired to be “counted in.” He said he dismounted with the intention of being a specta-tor ; when the fight began he became involved as a participa-tor; but when bowie knives and revolvers were intro- duced he remounted and rode away (with a pro- fane expletive) as a travel-leer. Or like an im- mense specimen of Young New York, who was almost persuaded into challenging a man who had quizzed him, when some sensible person as- tonished the warlike youth with the query of “What the deuce would you do if he accepted the challenge?” The idea struck him with the violence of a shot out of a rifled cannon, and he nursed his wrath in silence, But if the filibusters really want a fight, there are plenty of places. Why not try Coney Island? Why disturb the quiet sleepers at the St. Nicholes? Mr. Bucnanan’s Visrr to Norra Carorma.— Some of the republican newspapers and their Washington correspondents are actively working up the present journey of Mr. Buchanan to the University of North Carolina as an electioneer- ing trip. The idea is very absurd. Mr. Bucha- nan was invited to be present at the interesting ceremonies of the annual commencement at Chapel Hill, and being relieved of an intractable Congress, and of the tattling visiting commit- tees of the wrangling spoils factions of our New York democracy, he concluded to accept the invitation and appropriate a few days to a little social recreation among the hospitable people of North Carolina. That is all ; and is not this ex- planation sufficient? or is there anything so very extraordinary in this journey that it can only be explained as an experimental adventure in refe- rence to the Charleston Convention? Apply this rule to the personal movements of Mr. Buchanan, and if he should visit his own home at Wheatland during the summer, it will be said that bis object is not so much his private affairs as the business of regulating the Pennsylvania democracy. While such ridiculous inventions will not interfere with the President’s move- ments, they can hardly shake the public belief in is cincerity in the public declaration he has mode, that h wish to does not intend to be, does not will aot be, a candidate for a Tue Vincinta Ecxcrroy.—With the gleanings from the back counties, as usual the democracy in Virginia are recovering their lost ground of the first returns of the election. The probanility now is that Letcher will have a majority fully up to five thousand, and it may be hard ou to six. This majority, upou the reduced aggregate vote of this election, as compared with the vote polled in 1855, will not indicute any very re- markable democratic loss in the general result, In round oumbers, the gubernatorial vote of 1855 was 156,000—of which Wise received 83,000, and Flournoy 73,000. This yatr, perbaps, will ex- hibit the sum total of the popular vote at the reduced figure of 120,000 or less, the absentees from the polls, with very few exceptions, making up the apparent gains or losses on either side. Thus, the Richmond Znguirer reports demo- cratic gains of 277 in Augusta, 258 in Loudoun, and 516 in Richmond city; when we all know that these two counties and the city of Richmond are the very strongest holds of the opposition in the State, But these democratic gains are simply a reduction of the opposition majorities of 1855 from the failure of the party to briag out their full vote. The same paper reports a democratic loss in Shenandoah of 246, a loss in Rockingham of 389, and in Page of 136—the three impregaa- ble German democratic counties of the “Tenth Legion.” But these are only apparent loeses, from the failure of the voters to come to the polls. And so throughout the State, on both sides. We may, therefore, say that, among the masses of both parties this Visginia election, to a con- siderable extent, has been allowed to go by de- fault—the democrats feeling unconcerned about the result but confident of success, and the op- pesition dubious and indifferent. Besides, there were no important principles at stake, for with the democracy and the opposition all the practi- cal issues of the present and the future, federal and local, were sunk in the most pitiful and con- temptible personal squabbles as to the soundness of Letcher vs. Goggin on the nigger question. Considering, however, ail the odds against, the opposition in this late Virginia canvass, they have done wonderfully well; and, with the evi- dences thus furnished of what they might have done, they will doubtless from this time hence- forward keep the field, and diligently prepare for a more determined battle in 1860. Some three months ago there was no opposi- tion organization in Virginia. With the tremen- dous democratic majority of nearly thirty thou- sand for Mr. Buchanan, the opposition party of the State of that day was disbanded and dis- persed. But in Virginia, as ia other States, the democratic factions, squabbles and troubles, jealousies, rivalries, eplits and defections, grow- ing out of the proceedings of the late demoralized democratic Congress, encouraged the opposition leaders with the idea of a decisive victory, or at least with the opinion that the time had come for a good beginning in the South of a conserva- tive national party movement for 1860. The re- sult, we think, docs establish a good beginning, to which we anticipate a decisive response from Kentucky and Tennessee in August, very much to the confusion of the nigger-worshipping Northern republicans and the nigger-driving Southern democracy and their sectional calcu- lations. Tue Yacar Race To.pay.—The programme for the annual regatta of the New York Yacht Club will be found in another part of to-day’s paper. It is,as we have said before, a amooth- water race, for the delectation of the ladies, whose marine predilections are very strong, pro- vided there is no risk of the terrible malady of the sea, which is especially disagroeable to the fairer and better part of our population. It is no more than right that they should be properly guaranteed against infraction by old Father Neptune, who might spoil their day’s fun if they ventured outside Sandy Hook, and we hope that to-day they will have blue sky above, smooth water below, and gentle breezes all around them, with all the other pleasant surroundings of youth, health, wealth and beauty, at the same time. Further, for the reputation of our yacht- ing men, we are glad to know that there is to be, in accordance with our suggestion, a manly race to follow the womanly one, on the 28th of June. In yachting matters we may be pardoned for believing that men, as well as ‘women, have some rights. Errect or THe War on THE Usvan Summer Micration to Evrore.—The passenger traffic to Europe this year will show a large decrease as compared with that of the last. Besides the in- fluence which the war will exercise on the move- ments of business men, and on those of Ameri- can tourists, there are other circumstances which wil limit the usual summer travel in that direc- tion. Most of the European nations are prepar- ing for the conflict, or for an armed neutrality, which is equivalent to it, so far as the aggregate of troops which they will be forced to keep in readiness is concerned. In Germany, not only are the federal contingents being called out, but the reserves upon which each State relies as its war complement. The effect of this is of course to withdraw from the different branches of indus- try all the able bodied men, and to close one after another the great manufacturing estab- lishments which are dependent upon cheap labor for their profits. Under such circumstances, it is not to be supposed that the German govern- ments will’be scrupulous about exercising the Tights which the laws give them over such of their expatriated subjects as may be tempted to Place themselves within their reach. Every Ger- man owes to the State seven years of military service, and therefore those who have not served this period will, if they venture to return to the “fatherland,” be compelled to render to Cwear that which is his due. It will be in vain for them to plead their exemption as naturalized American citizens, for what their goveraments are slow to concede in time of peace, they are lesa likely to recognise during a period of public danger. But few Germans will, therefore, we think, be tempted to visit their native soil this summer, unless, indeed, ardent devotion to the interests of despotism should prevail over their republican associations—a result which is hardly to be expected. Amongst the French there will be an equal re- luctance, since the publication of the letter of Gen. Cass, to incur the risk of forced military service. Our French residents are divided into two classes—those who are engaged in commer- cial occupations and those who have been exiled for their hostility to the Bonaparte dynasty. Neither, we apprehend, will be particularly eager to ewell the ranks of the liberators of Italy. The French Lourgeoisie have never been great ad- mirers of the Empire, and the red republicans who do us the honor of sojourning among us are not believers in constitutional institutions. The war of Italian independence will therefore, we fear, have to be fought without any material aid to the belligerents from this side of the Atlantic. Tuz Race on Tue Fasuion Covraz— Tur Fienp versus Tat Satoon,—The love and cultivation of horses, which is common to all nations, has been a growing passion in this country for some time past; aud it has mani- fested itself more particularly in New York of late than elsewhere. Que day week before last over ten thousand people assembled on the Union Course to witness a trial of speed and endurance between the famous trotting horses Ethan Allen and Lantern. They were harnessed at each side to a running horse attached to a wagoo, and made the mile heat in two minutes twenty-four and a half seconds—an unparalleled time. Ou Tuesday the trotting match for two thousand dollars, between Flora Temple and Etban Allen, attracted fifteen thousand specta- tors to the Fashion course, on which occasion the three quickest heats ever made to a wagon were accomplished by Flora, namely—2:25, 2:27}, aud 2:27}. Both horses had previously made the mile in 2:28 minutes, and this race was a trial for supremacy, If any one doubts that we are a fast horse loving people, he has but to refer to these proceedings on the Fashioa and Union race courses, or, in- deed, to observe the up town turnouts on any fine day, or visit the fashionable hotels at calling time, where any notabilities may be staying, when he will eee perhaps fifty teams at a time such as mo country can excel in, splen- didly harnessed, and driven by liveried coachmen. Occasionally he may see three superb horses harnessed abreust to a carriage, and sometimes an odd tandem, and even a four-in-hand, with some New York “young blood ” tastefully handling “the ribbons.” Nor is our passion for horseflesh confined to animals running in harness, The boy, now-a-days, when he gets tired of bis goat, mounts a Shetland pony, and the young man rejoices in his excellent saddle horse. In short, every one who can afford it,anda great many who cannot, keep a fast horse now. The private stables of New York are models pot excelled anywhere, and the specimens of horseflesh owned by private individuals in this metropolis are hardly to be matched in any city in the world. In a year or two, when the Cen- tral Park is completed, its drives and rides will present equipages of every variety, from the sul- ky to the four-in-hand, tandem and three-abreast, them. The result was an arrangement by whicls Klapka agreed to proceed to Turin to take the command of such men us might be indaced to desert from the Austrian ranks, while Kossuth tock upon himself to revolutionize the south- eastern parts of Hungary. ‘These statements are curious, and proceeding, as they do, from a respectable source, are en- titled to attention. If true, they give a signifi- cance to Louis Napoleon’s declarations in favor of oppressed nationalities of which the latter were deprived by the professions by which they were accompanied. Thus, whilst Eagland, Rus- sia and Prussia are using, or professing to use, their best exertions to limit the war to Italy, the revolutionary leaders, prompted—if we are to believe our correspondent—by Louis Napoleoa, are plotting to extend the range of its action to the rest of Europe. Out of chaos, perhaps, order will come. Tue Orentna or tHe Nicaragua Rovry.— The necessary security has been given by Mr. Johnson, the contractor with our govern- ment for opening the Nicaragua route to California, and the contract is now signed, sealed and delivered. It is to be hoped, therefore, that the business is now a fixed fact. Not only has the contractor the authority of our government, who are determined to have the route opencd at all hazards, but he has also the authority of the Nicaraguan government, who will protect his line against all others, The opening is to take place on the 5th of October next, and there are to be two trips each month, one on the 5th and the other on the 20th. There will be no necessity, therefore, for filibus- ters hereafter. What they wanted to accomplish by force and war is achieved by diplomacy and the arts of peace. We wish the line every suc- cess; indeed, of that there can be no doubt. if it! be not the fault of the contractor himself. There| is ample business to make it pay well. Let him| be punctual in opening the line at the stipu ted time; let the comfort and convenience of th: Passengers be attended to, and let good, sea-| worthy vessels, well commanded and well manned, be employed, and there is no danger o failure. This route has been long enough closed by the schemes of steamboat commodores and Wall street financiers, and the public will rejoice that it is now so soon to be opened under which, we venture to say, no public park any- where else can equal, either in elegance of style or in the beauty of the horses, ‘The Central Park, in this respect, will exhibit the civilizing portion of the community who are disposed to enjoy this kind of amusement, apart from the influences of the barroom, the wayside hotel and the rowdyism of the road. It will be to this city what the Cassino is to Florence—the rendezvous where the élite of the metropolis as- semble to indulge in the luxuries of fresh air and exercise, and to show off, with friendly ri- valry, their magnificent teams. It may be said that keeping fast horses is an extravagant pastime, and it must be admitted that it is, when we consider that two thousand dollars is no uncommon price for a handsome pair, with good points and well matched; while the winning horse at a famous race readily brings his ten thousand on the spot. But the love of the horse, as it is developing itself amongst our people, is an evidence of the growth of manly and healthful enjoyment in the young men of the country which it is pleasant to con- template. This taste willdo much to keep the rising generation from the enervating debauchery of the barroom and the gaming table, and to make them as hardy and vigorous as the scions of’ the British aristocracy, who think notiiing of abandoning the fascinations of the London saloons for a six months chase of the buffalo on our Western prairies, and who despise the smoother waters of Yarmouth and Cowes, to brave in their yachts the stormier waves of the Bay of Biscay, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. It is undoubtedly true that horse racing, as a general thing, is demoralizing, leading as it does to gambling, drinking and other vices; but the late races on the Fashion Course were excep- tions; the most respectable portion of the com- munity was present there, aud a genuine love of an exhilarating sport, for its own sake alone, seemed to animate all parties. We question, however, whether upon the whole yacht racing is not the better and more desirable sport of the two. It certainly affords less temptations to dis- sipation, and is less likely to lead the participant into badcompany; for one can select his asso ciates on board his own yacht, which it is almost impossible to do on the race course or the road. THREATENINGS OF A GeneRsL War—Secrer Activity or THe Revotvrionary Leapers.—The care that is taken to shroud in mystery the pre_ liminary arrangements for the Italian campaign, deprives the advices that reach us from the thea- tre of hostilities of much of the interest they would otherwise possess. It seems as if it were determined that the lists in which the battles of popular liberty are to be fought are to be champs clos to vulgar spectators. This excess of caution is all very well for a beginning, but it is obvious that it cannot be long persevered in. Profes- sional newspaper correspondents may be cxclud- ed from the camp, but in times in which almost every man of education and intelligence has re- lations more or less intimate with the press, it will be impossible to chain the free expression of opinion through the medium of private commu- nications. It will be remembered that notwith- stanfing that the London journals were ably re- presented in the Crimea, some of the most valua- ble information furnished to them came from mili- tary men, writing under the seal ot confidence, How can the leaders in the present campaign hope, under such circumstances, to prevent the public from getting at the facts which they would suppress? They can no more limit the spirit of inquiry and of criticism on their enfou- rage than they can break up the ties which the press has established with it, through the well tounded conviction that it is the best and truest friend of the soldier. A good deal of surprise has been expressed as to the ignorance ia which the world is kept as to the movements of the revolutionary leaders. It is to be presumed that there is a motive for silence in regard to them similar to that which prevails in reference to the general plan of the campaign. Being under no obli- gation of secresy to King or Kaiser, we publish in our issue of to-day a communi- cation of rather a remarkable character, which professes to throw light on the part which the Hungarian leaders, Kossuth and Klapka, are about to take in the approaching convulsion. Ata meeting held at the palace of the Tuile- ries on the 20th of March last, it is stated that Louis Napoleon acted “as mediator between the two revolutionary chiefs, and succeeded in re- couciling the differences that existed between the sanction of our government and that Nicaragua. . How 10 Prevent Goip Husrive Dewstons. There is no longer any doubt of the fact that thd Pike’s Peak gold bunting excitement was gottey up by gangs of conscienceless speculators, wh invented and gave currency to lying storie grate to the place where fortunes were to bd made eorapidly. The statements of those wid worked and prospected at the new digging agree in the main fact, that although a little gold dust can be procured there, it isso scarce, and in such minute quantities, that from three to fif teen cents worth is about the ordinary rew: for a day’s labor in digging. One man, afte! forty days’ labor, found that he had made jus| forty-five cents. Another, who had arrived fron Cherry Creek, was understood to say that he had six hundred dollars worth of dust with him. call was made upon this individual to prodi the dust. He obeyed the call, and held up ba fore the eyes of an excited crowd a goose qui in the barrel of which some grains of gold we deposited, saying, at the same time, that if the: was not six hundred dollars worth there, it h certainly cost him that sum, and he should lik to see the person who could get more gold from Cherry Creek at a less outlay of time an money. We think that there is an easy and simple wa} to prevent the public being cheated by false st ries of gold discoveries, and we suggest it for a future excitements of a similar kind. Let th} government direct some of its engineers or arm; officers to proceed to any place where gold di coveries are alleged to have been made, make geological survey of the vicinity, and furnish plain, intelligible report of its mineral and agi cultural resources, That report should be i mediately made public, so that our citizens migh have reliable information on which to act. Th expense would be insignificant, while the bend THREE DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. ARRIVAL OF THE AMERICA OFF HALIFA ( Haurax, June 1—4:30 P.M. ‘The royal mail steamship America, trom Liverpoo! 21 ult., is signalled, ‘The news for the Associated Preas will be expressed Sackville, and thence be forwarded by telegraph to-mo Tow morning. The course of the dircctors of the No Scotia line renders this resort imperative. INTERESTING FROM WASHINGTON. Nicaragua Mail Contract, &c. OUR SPECIAL WASHINGTON DESPATCH. , ‘Wassinctoy, June 1, 1859, Attor ey Genoral Black, under the instruction of President, has replied to the joint letter of the Ut Judges on the subject of the military force with whid the court for the Second district was attended during term recently held at Provo City. He says it is very p» bable the Mormons have been guilty of crimes for whid they deserve the severest punishment, and that it ts | intended by the government to let any one escape again whom the proper proofs can be produced. With that via the District Attorney has been instructed to use ail po sib'e dirigence in bringing criminals of every class and all degrees to justice. The usual and established mod! of dealing with public offenders must be exhausted befo any others are adopted. On the whole, the President very decidedly of the opinion:— First—That the Governor of the Territory alone has power to issue a requisition upon the commanding Gene for the whole or a part of the army. Second—That thore was no apparent occasion for presence of the troops at Provo, Third—That if'a rescue of the prisoners in custody b been attempted, it was the duty of tho Marshal, and u of the Judge, to summon the force which might be neces sary to defend the civil authorities. Fourth—That tho troops ought not to havo been sent Provo without the concurrence of the Governor, nor there against his remonstrauce; and, Filth—That the disregard of these principles and rut of action has been in many ways extremely uafortunat) Gen, Cass is engaged in preparing an elaborate despatc to Mr. Dallas, our Minister at the Court of St. James, upc] ‘ge eubject of neutral rights and the extent and scope the American coctrine of goods not contraband of wal The deepatch will be full, and written with the ability ar perepioulty which distinguishes the papora of the eminol Secretary of State, England has exhibited @ desire extend tho list of articles contraband of war, wollst United States will insist upon limiting it wiahia reasoaab and common senge bounds. The Postiuaster General received phis morning tl)