The New York Herald Newspaper, April 11, 1859, Page 4

4 “NEW YORK HERALD. —_————— JaNMES GCOBDOS BERRE Volume XXIV nota eae ——4 S——————— AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. ACADEMY OF MUSIO, Fourteenth srect—Iralix OFERA La Traviata. KIBLO'® GARDEN, Groagway.—Tiacve Paxronmances— Gpcoaten MoLss—fesiven House. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery —Praatrs or Tir Missis- surri—Kep Grome—ULiver Twist. METROPOLITAN THRATRE (Late Burton’s)—Caunix, On, 70x Fare oF 4 Coquette. WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Rext Dar—Tae Ravaew LAURA KEEWR’S THEATRE, No. 624 Brosdway.—Ovn Ammnicax Cousin—Jexny Lino, BARNUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—Afer noon and Kvening—Ove Inise Oousia. KL BUILDING, 661 and 663 Broadwas— afersona, ae Wem éruroriam Soxas, Dances, &0.— Brarue Loves. RELS, MECHANICS’ RALI» 497 Broad iin toner, bo Buniasaue [raiiax OPERA. ——— New Work, Monday, April 11, 1859, The News. General Miramon, with an advance guard of three hundred men, appeared before Vera Craz on the 18th ult., and after reconnoitering the city re- tired to the main army, which was encamped near a place called Mediline, about nine miles from the former city. Finding he had but little prospect of success, either against Vera Cruz or Alvarado—a detachment of 1,200 men sent agfinst the latter place having been compelled to return—Miramon broke up his camp at Mediline on the 27th ult., and retreated towards the city of Mexico, pursued by General Ampudia with a strong force. The capital itself was reported as being surrounded by liberal forces, while Degollado, with 4,000 men, was at Ta cubaya, distant about three miles from the city. Great preparations for defence against Miramon had been made by the liberals of Vera Cruz, all the women and children having been placed on ship- board for safety. When the steamship Quaker City touched at Vera Cruz on the Ist of April, the libe- rals were in the midst of great rejoicings for the retreat of Miramon. Mr. McLane, the new Ameri- can Minister, reached Vera Cruz on the Ist inst. The next news from that quarter will be very in- teresting. ‘The trial of Daniel E. Sickles for shooting Philip Barton Key at Washington will be resumed this morning, and the evidence for the defence gone into. We yesterday gave the opening speech of counsel, justifying the killing on the grounds of religion, morality, the absence of laws to punish the adulterer, and the right of man to vindicate his onor without eccountability by law under certain provocations. The counsel contended that Mr. Sickles at the moment of the occurrence was labor- ng under euch a frenzy as deprived him of account ability for the act, and argued that he had acted under the influence of moral mania, and had not been impelled by passion to the commission of the avenging deed. The counsel had not got quite through with his speech at the adjournment of the Court on Saturday, but will probably finish it this morning. The steamship Canada, from Liverpool, reached her dock at Boston at an early hour yesterday morning Her mails will reach here this morning. The bark Roebuck, which arrived yesterday from Rio Janeiro, which portshe left on the 17th of February, lost three of her crew by yellow fever during the passage and one by erysipelas. Several of the crew and also the captain were attacked by the fever, but nltimately recovered. The fever en” Jed on the 2ist ult. The bark received of medicine from the ship Bay State, which she boarded on the 2d instant. Additional advices from Hayti, dated at Port au Prince onthe isth of March, state that public opivion still ran high against Soulouque and in fayor of President Geffrard. The currency of the coun- try was mach depreciated by unsound paper and required iuumediate relief. ‘A young man, named Joseph G. McNereny, w arrested on Saturday and committed to prison on open and robbed the safe s. Bond and Butterworth. andred thousand dol- Jars worth of secur n bonds, checks, drafts, & large amount of specie and five hundred dollars worth of jewelry. . After his arrest he acknow- ledged his guilt, and told where he had hid some of the property and baried the remainder. It was all charge of } broke: of his employers, Mes The safe contained o recovered with the exception of the jewelry, which he declared he not seen, This jewelry had formerly belonged to Mrs. Butterworth, who died a few years ago,and was sealed up in a morocco peckage. A valuable diamond ring and earrings were among the contents of the package. A change in the carrying of the mails and in the ruuning of the trains between this city and Wash- ington will take place today. A change will also be made on the Western route by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Washingt city at The mails from the South and Il leave at 4:30 A. M., and reach this YM. The train from this city will leave M.,and passengers und mails will reach Washington at 6 P.M. The an.cexed table shows the temperature of the atmosphere in this city during the past week, the fange of the barometer and thermometer, the variation of wind currents, and the state of the weather at three periods duringeach day, viz: at Satara after cloudy; night, arday—Morning, clear; ‘rneon, iy; night, @vercnat, with Tet i k if PS ere 4 —Morning, overoast and drizzling; afternoon, Cast. Monday—Morning, clear afternoon, cloudy ; night, jow- ¥—Morning, clear; afternoon, cloudy ; night, blow- ing fresh ieee ‘overcast, with very light Saturday Morning, clear. During the past week there were 33 admissions to the New York Hospital, 17 patients discharged, | cured, and 2 deaths. Rempining: males, 165; fe- males, 39. Total 204. We have later news from the West Indies. A native of Granada had opened out a whaling establishment and taken two fine whales. All ton. nage on vessels trading there haa been abolished by the Legislature, and all horned and other cattle imported in future will be entered free of duty, Fever prevailed at St. Vincent. The British gua- boat Jasper was ordered to return there in order thatthe persons on board, who lately destcoyed the office of the Mirror newspaper, should be dealt with according to law. ‘The sales of cotten on Saturday embraced abc ut bales, the market closing quite trm. The chief p the sa'es were made in transita, and closed at about '¢e per Ib. advance, while parcels from store were firm at 12Ke. for middlirg uplands. The demaod for common and medium grades of State and Wesvern flour was mo dorate, and the market heavy, while good to prime extra brands were quite firm. Souther brands were in fair demand apd prices steady. Wheat was without change in quotations, while the demand was fair. Corn was dull and eales limited, at S4c. a 85c, @ S70. for Jersey and Southern yellow. Pork was frm, with sales of new mess at $17 653 $17 75,and rime at $12 50a +12 75. Beef was firm and in good .emand. The sales of sugar em. braced about 400 @ 50’ bhds. at steady prices, Coffee was quiet. Freight engagements were moderate and rates unchanged. The News from Mexico—Importanee of the Defeato Miramon and European Interven- ton. We ublished yesterday the accounts from Mexi‘» that Gen. Miramon had been compelled to retreat from before Vera Cruz without attack- ing that ¢ ty, and that while the cons itutional- ists were in strong force, under Gen. Ampudia, to cut off his retreat, another body, four thousand strong, under Gov. Degollado, was menacing the city of Mexico. For nine months Miramon has been the young hero of that republic. Wherever he appeared victory seemed to attend him, and in his previous campaigns he has exhibited great energy and ac- tivity. When the Echeagaray and Robles pro- nunciamientos overthrew the administration of President Zuloaga, he was in the North, and re- fused to recognise the change of government. In assigning the public reasons for his course, he asserted that the Zuloaga administration had failed to give peace to the country, because Gen. Echeagaray, who commanded on the eastern line of operations, had failed to carry out his instrue- tions to take Vera Cruz. Returning at once to the capital, he reinstated President Zuloaga, and after causing him to assume by decree the tight to appoint his own successor, he compelled him to resign the Presidency to himself. This occurred in Janu- ary, and he at once set about organiziag his campaign against Vera Cruz. On the 16th of February he left the capital to take command in person of his forces, woich were already in possession of the line to Vera Cruz, on the Ori- zaba route to the mountain passes down to the coast plain, within three days march of that city. Yet be did not appear before it until the 18th of March, and on the 27th he broke up his camp and commenced his retreat, without having made any attempt on the city. This result may be looked upon as the first step in the final downfall of the Church in the republic of Mexico, and the others must soon follow. It has endeavored to restore to power in the nineteenth century theories which bdong only to the sixteenth century; and it has failed. All the hopes of the priests and their partisans were centered in Miramon. His prestige is now broken, and victory has deserted his standard in the very attempt whose success he had pro- nounced necessary for the triumph of the cause he had embraced. This defeat will give the con- stitutionalists new energy, and we shall, no doubt, soon see them concentrating their move- ments on the capital. Alvarez is preparing to send his pintos from the South, Degollado is said to have already brought his forces from the West, Vidaurri and Garza are actively preparing to advance from the North, and President Juarez will, no doubt, order the jarochos to follow up Miramon from the East. Thus, from every point of the compass the Mexican people are pouring down upon the Church and its partisans, who have their tents pitched in the valleys of Mexico and Puebla. The result will be the reinstatement of President Jaurez in the palace of Mexico, and the re-establishment of the con- stitution of 1857. But there is something more in this event. It is the first defeat of the newly developed policy of European intervention in the Spanish American republics, The French Minister in Mexico has been the soul of the Church party, and the British Minister there has been his sub- servient tool, They have proclaimed a war against the republican constitutional form of government, and have done all they could to destroy it in Mexico, as they are doing in Cen- tral America. In the defeat of Miramon at Vera Cruz their schemes are thwarted, and the triumph of President Juarez will re-establish in Mexico institutions modelled after our own. It is no small po nt in these events that our new Minister, Mr. McLane, arrived at Vera Cruz in the midst of the general joy at the success of the liberals. He will, no doubt, at once recognise the constitutional government, leaving the Euro- pean representatives to cling to the falling for- tunes of the Church and Miramon. The moral force this will bring to Juarez, and his early triumph, will teach the other republics of Span- ish America that the United States is not a Power to be insulted? Tue ApMINIsTRATION AND THE ConnEcTICCT Execrion.—The Rochester Union (anti-adminis- tration democrat) says that the defeat of the de- mocracy in Connecticut “is well calculated to stimulate the hopes of every intelligent and re- flecting democrat that a brighter day is about to dawn,” “and for this reason: our Connecticut brethren were constrained by circumstances to shoulder the administration,” &c. This is a sorry joke; for the fact is notorious shat all the de- feats of the democratic party for the last twelve months have been mainly the work of democra- tic treachery against the administration; and this element of mischief was not wanting in Con- necticut. But how such a defeat from this cause is “calculated to stimulate the hopes of reflect. ing democrats” we cannot imagine, unless their “hopes” of revenge against the administration are stronger than their desires to save the party. | We thus suppose that “the brighter day about to dawn” to our Rochester cotemporary is the anti- cipated day when another Buffalo Presidential ticket shall be proclaimed against the regular de- mocratic party. Tue Great Questions ov THe Dav we Vine GINIA AND Kenrucky.—The St. Louis Democrat says:— Great questions are Liem discussed on the stump ip Virginip and Kentucky fo Virginia te question is whether Jot Letober’ was au ubuiitionist tea years ago, and ifs0, whether he has repented. Iu Keneacky the sab ject matter is the opinion held by Honry Clay, on hie death bed, of Lynam Boyd, and particularly whether Clay, | invited Boyd to call and gee him. These frivolous persoualities, wo mast admit, are occupying too much of the attention of the politicians of the States concerned; but still | there {a an undercurrent of public opinion at | work in both Virginia avd Kentucky which, in | May or August, may contoand the calculations jor all our slavery agitating politicians, North and South, NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, APRIL 11, 1859, ‘The New European Congress. _ We received by the Canada the news that s Conference had been agreed to on the Italian ques- tion. The mails by that vessel, which will arrive this morning, will place ue in possession of fuller details on the subject than we have received by telegrapb. Should this prove not to be the case, the arrival of the City of Baltimore, expected here to-day or to-morrow, with four days later news, will probably complete our information as to the preliminaries and locality settled upon. In view of the important questions that will be treated by this body, the probable modifications which it will effect in the treaties of 1815, and its future influence oa European relations, we thiak it opportune to present our readers with sketch of the different Congresses held for the reguation of European affairs daring the last half century. But few persons who are not en- gaged in political occupations can keep in mind the changes that are continually being effected by diplomatic interference. It is, therefore, well to refreeh the memory by such brief historical re- trorpections as the limited space of a daily newepaper can afford. Without them a vast number of the busy classes, for whom it is our especial province to cater, might not be able to devote time to the study and comprehension of questions which have but @ remote effeot on their interests. j In perusing this brief historical precis our read- ers will be struck with the marked character and justice of the retribution which has visited the principal anthors of that infamous compact--the final act of the Congress of Vienna. For the groes breach of faith which, after promising con- stitutions to the people of Germany, instituted only a worse system of despotism, Austria is now about to paya heavy penalty. Whether she sends a repreeentative to the Conference, or absents herself, itis certa'n that her pretensioas will be sternly dealt with. In the conferences of Paris she was one of the instruments by which Poland was avenged on Russia. In the new Con- gress Russia will be one of the agents by which Italy will be revenged on Austria, The latter Power, which was one of the principal gainers at that time by the isolation of France, now finds herself in almost an identical situation. Every arm is raised against her; and her diplo- macy, which has hitherto prevailed by its eupe- rior cunning, seems powerless to avert the dau- gers that threaten her. Who will deny that the hand of God is manifest in this, and that the selfishness which has always proved deaf to the voice of justice and humanity is now rightly punished for its misdeeds. ‘There can be but one result, in our opinion, from the deliberations of the proposed Congress, and that is, that Austria will be compelled to renounce all those treaties with the Italian States which give her a right of garrison. The law of nations gives her no such privilege, and there is nothing in the act of the Congress of Vienna which secures it to her. On the contrary, if this act be properly interpreted, her military occupa- tion of the Duchies is wholly unjustifiable. In the discussions on this question the point seems to have been entirely overlooked that there is an express limitation of her military intervention in the emaller States. The 103d article, in restoring to the Holy See the marches and legations of Ravenna, Bologna and Ferrara, distinctly speci- fies that Austria shall have the right of garrison in the fortresses of Ferrara and Commachio. If the privilege of forming independent treaties, conceded by the constitution of the Confederation. were understood to convey the right of military cccupation, of what use, we will ask, was this provision? Clearly, the Congress intended that under no circumstances except in the cases specified were the confederated States to put forth such pretensions. The good sense of this is obvious. The dangers to the Confede- ration from the Italian possessions of Austria were sufficiently manifest without its leaving any doubt ona point which the well known in- clinations of that Power were sure to raise at the first convenient opportunity. Whether the new Congress will go further, and diminish the risks arising from Austrian en- croachments, by compelling her to retire beyond her ancient Italian boundary, is of course a mat- ter for speculation. If it comprehends the in- terests of peace it will undoubtedly do so, for no other measure can secure, even for a brief space of time, the maintenance of peaceable re- lations with Sardinia. Supposing such a course to be resolved upon, will Austria quietly submit to be placed in a position so mortifying to her pride? We think not, for a struggle in the field will not leave her worse off than she would be under such a humiliating decision, Boning Evrerrrises ww mim Crey.—When the financial crisis of 1857 came upon us, the work necessarily sttpped on th ious build- ings then in course of erection in this city, aud many enterprises of this kind which had been contemplated were abandoned. There is, per- haps, no better illustration of the material pros- perity of any city than its architectural progress— whether the constructions be public buildings for the adornment of the city, blocks of stores for the accommodation of its business, or residences for the comfort and luxury of its inhabitants. We publish in another column a highly interest-- ing article, showing in detail the work at pre- sent on hand by some of the leading architects of New York, in the erection of stores and dwell- ings, The number of that profession from whom we are able to present reports to-day is but a smell part of the whole number in the city. It will be seen that bnildings to the value of over three million dollars are now in course of construction, many of them of a most costly as well as ornamental description. Taking into account the work on the hands of the architects not included.in our 1's’, itis not unsafe to say that five millions will be expended in buildings daring the coming Fummer. This fact fe certainly in- dicative of a reviving trade and a growing pros- perity. A Besy Week at Annany.—What with new charters for this unfortunate city, and new rail- road lines in every possible direction through oor streets, and new streets and avenues through our northern suburbs, regardless of the rights of property holders, public economy, or the wishes of the community, and what with registry law and liquor law tinkering, &c., we may expect @ bury week among onr republican Jaw makers and lobby jobbers at Albany. Thus, before Sa- turday next, our city affairs, public and private, municipal and lobhy jobbing, may undergo some remarkable transformations and modidcations; but whether they will involve the making Gov. Morgan, or Comptroller Hawe, or the fayor, the Viceroy, or Captain General of this metropolis, remains to be teen. At all events, should the proceedings of our Albany Soious require it, we cen, like our old police force, appeal to the Court of Appeals. j Tux Durences or New York anv Baooxuyy.— We publish in another column aa elaborate paper on this subject, together with au engraving illustrating the proposed defences of the entrauce to the city. It will be found full of interest, and replete with valuable information relative to the character of coast defences, the range and power of the different kinds o! artillery known to us, and the topography of our harbor and adjoining shores, The question of the coast defences of this city and Long Island has been occupying public at- tention for some time, and the discussiow has given rise to various opivions as to the kind of fortifications and the location of the same which ure requ red to put the sea entrance to the city in a pro; er state of defence. Three points must be considered in coming to 9 conclusion upon this important subject: First, to ascertain the cheapest sorcification wh'ch can be coustructed and rendered available for complete defence; second, the site for such fortifications, with re- ference to range and power of armament; and last, the number of men it will require to work the guns and perform the other necessary duties in the forts. It is manifest that, in the present condition of the national treasury, the most rigid economy in all public constructions is essential. & is equa'ly apperent, we presume, that no fortifica- tionsare of the smallest use unless they com- mand with the arms now available to us all tae channels by which ships-of-war can approach the city, Astothe number of artillerists required for a secure defence of our harbor, it should not be lost sight of that the country will not permit us to keep a standing army in these forts for the protection of New York slone. Upon all these points the paper referred to is most discursive, t-eating them very fully, and sustaining its posi- tions by positive data. Wecommend it to the careful’attention of our readers. An Apwmanie Cricutox.—We find the fol. lowing l'terary curiosity in one of the provin- cial peper:, and as it is too refreshing to be buried in such obscurity, we give it an insertion gratie:— LITERARY BUREAU. An experienced editor, a successful author, and tho- roughly educated literary man, weary with twenty-five years of the drudgery of daily journalism, bas determined to hire out or sell bis brains at rotail to those who may require his services in any honorable way. Merchants, business men, inventors and dealers of every kind,'will be supplied, off hand, with advertise- meni (poetical or otherwise,) notices, card, circulars, or avy other species of article desired, Politicians will be supplied with speeches, reports, resulutions, letters, toasts, pamphlets, editorial articles, corpmunications, and every other sort of brainwork which «hey may find it inconvenient or troublesome to do for themselves, ‘Ladies and gentlemen of every rank in society or oc- cupation in lite, can bave leiters written on any subject, whether business or rentimental. The advertiser will alao conduct or translate correspon- dence of every kind, either English, Frencn, Spanish, German or Tialian, Poetry, acrostics, lines for albums, notes, dilletdoux, mouodies, and compositions of the most delicate and cou- figential ‘character, incident to every ole circumn- stevce or event in life, will be furnished in inviolable con- fidence, by writing to the undersigned, aad explaining their wishes. ‘Orders by mail, accompanied with cash, will be strictly and promptly attended to, Our readers will remember that in the last century there was a wonderful man named Crichton, called the Admirable. He could speak all the modern languages, was a profound clas- sical and brilliant belles lettres scholar, waltzed. equel to a Fifth avenue leader of the “German,” fenced like a maitre d’armés, and with a duelling pistol could snuff a candle at twelve paces. He died yourig, and there has been no such man since in Europe. It has been reserved for the United States, and that part of it known as Philadelphia, which, next to Boston, is the great- est city in the Union, to produce a genius, the controjler of the Literary Bureau aforesaid, com- pared with whom Crichton was a fool. Te (the Philadelphia sage) ought to be employed to carry on all the epistolary and speech making and general literary work of the country, and if he can do balf what he says, might take in five or six Philadelphis papers to edit, as laundresses contract to cleanse linen. No doubt he would do them up beautifully, In any event, they could not be more stupid than they are now. But why is such a man exiled to the rural dis- tricte?. Why not have him in New York to teach monners to the Aldermen, (by the way, his own is not first class), rhetoric to the clergy, logic to the bar, love to the ladies, and gallantry to the gen” tlemen? Let him come on at once. Tue Sicktes Tria ano THE TeLeorara.— The progress and value of the telegraph in this country is Hlustrated by the fact that the pro- ceedings of the Sickles trial in Washington have daily occupied a page in the Herarn, and have been transmitted to us over a single telegraphic wire, almost as the words fell from the lips of the Judge, counsel and witnesses. The first important attempt to use the tele- graph for the transmission of news in any great length was made by us some years ago, in get- ting over the wires a celebrated speech of Mr. Calhoun in the Senate, verbatim. Subsequently the proceedings of the trial of Professor Web- ster, in Boston, reached us in full by a similar channel; but the report, as it came from the in- struments, was by no meaus as correct as that which appeared last week in the Sickles case, This trial, although held in Washington, is re- ported as fully over the wires as if the proceed- ings were a® the City Hall in the Park. The improvement in telegraph operations is eo marked, the popular demand for early news so urgent, and the importance of acceding to it so patent to the journalist, thet in o short time we shall probably give all the news outside of the city in the sbape of telegraphic reports; and our correspon- dents, instead of dropping their communications into the Post Office, will deposit them with the telegraph operators, and we shall have their con- tents before the ink wherewith they were written ie dry. It is fast coming to this, and it will be a great triumph for telegraphing, as well as a great boon to newspaper readers. Sravery iv New Mexico-We perceive that some of our Southern exchanges are exulting over the Jate act of the Legislature of New Mex- ico establishing slavery in said Territory, as sub- stantially opening the way to the South for the | occupation of Arizona and the States of Mexico, We fear, however, that this act of the New Mex- ico LegisJature is a “delasion and a snare,” a re- gular pitfall of the Kangas pattern; that its ob- ject is agitation, and that the result may be ao agitation in the next Congress disastrous to al) concerned. Northern “emigrant aid societies” will be apt to follow, and “popular sovereignty” will thus give us a Kansas imbroglio on the Rio Grande, if our Southern politicians persist in making a faes over this subject of slavery in New Mexico, That Territory can never be made a slave State; it is too far off; it is too poor for slave labor, and affords too wide a range for run- away niggers; but for purposes ofa sectional agi- tation, two or three dozen niggers in New Mext- co will answer as well as they did in Kansas, Prudeut and patriotic men, North aud South, will favor the policy of 'e'tia, this aew bumbag die a natural death. Nothin; but misohief can be made out of its agitaton, one way or the other, She me AFFAIRS IN WASHINGTON. The Late News ‘rom Mexico—The New Bri- Ush Mintster—The Detroit and Phitadel- phia Postmasters, &. OUR SPECIAL WASHINGTON DESPATCH. Wasmnaton, April 10, 1859. ‘The news that Miramon has fallen back from Vera Cruz on the City of Mex co, in despair of any successful attack, Proves that the iberal ; arty is (ully able to sustain itsolf; ard this will doubtlees © courage the administration to recogniee the Juxrcz government. It is thought here no time will be lost ia doing so, ‘The decisive measures which the administration intend to take im regurd to Nicacagza have been formally com- municated to forvign minidters bere, ‘Lord Lyons ia making a favorab!e impression in Wash- ington. His manners are uppretending and agreeable, and it is thought he will make a worthy successor to Napier. ‘The case of tho Postmaster of Detroit will be definitely acted upon next week. It is thought he will be super- weded. Postmaster Westcott’s case, of Philadelphia, is sow un- der consideration, and will also shortly be decided. One of the revenue cutters for the upper lakes—J. B, Fioyd—bas been stationed at Bayfield, Lake Superior, and ‘Wm. McAvoy has been appointed Deputy Collector. ‘The Sickles Trial. OUR SPECIAL WASHINGTON DESPATCH. Wasmarow, April 10, 1859. ‘The Sickles trial bas reached its crisis, It is the wish of defendant to spare the character of Key, for his chil- dren’s sake, 80 far as is compatible with the provocation he is obliged to prove. Beyond this it is not the desire of Mr. Sickles to go; but if the prosecution, from hostile motives, are determined to asaail the antecedents of Sickles, he will respond to them by unfolding a budget of licentiousness that will astonish this commanity, aud carry desolation to many firesides, Conclusive evidence is prepared to establish against Key 8 series of libidinous acts for the last two years and upwards that will bring shamo on al! in any way cvn- nected with him. Letit be hoped, for the of the parties, as wellas for public decency, that the prosecu- tion will pause and reflect before it is too late. Mr. Sickles deciures that the allegations of the prosecu- tion against bis early lite are unfounded, and no more than so many idle threats to deter him from exposing the sensuality of Key. He is willing, tor reasons stated, to show forbearance, but it is for the prosecution to decide. ‘Tho venerable Judge is an old friend of Key and his family, but he must forget all such ties and exercise stern impartiality. If he allows testimony to asgail the prisoner he must also allow the prigoner to rebut this with testimony uguinst the destroyer of his peace aud home. Te is thought here that Judge Crawford showed bias for the prosecution, in not ruling, as he had done in similar cases, that Batterworth, an eye witness, should be put on the stand by the Diatriet Attorney. it may bo, however, that he acted conscientiously. A day or two will decide whether this trial is to become ‘one of the most scandalous on record, or whether issue is to be joined simply on provocation clearly proven. A striking demonstration of female sentiment here 400k place lost night, when George Sickles, father of tho prisoner, was surprisod by a visit at his hotel of eome twenty ladies, who camo im a body to exprees their sympathy for bis “bon, and to say that if he thought it would give any comfort to the accused they would daily present themselves, with many more, at the Court House. The person at the head of the deputation was a venerable woman of some three score years, and sho used the strovgeat expressions of commiseration for the prisoner. “ We demand his dis- charge,” she said, ‘on behalf of our sex. Let him be convicted, and the libertine obtains mew license, Let him be vindicated, and virtue requires new guarantes."” Mr. Sickles, Sen., made a feeling acknowledgmeat in Teply to this novel but touching display of good and yir- tuons sentiment by ladies in'this community. He said he would not take upon himself the responsibility of answer- sg their inquiry, but he would make known to his unfor- tunate ron this spontaneous act of sympathy by a band of noble women, and he was sure it would be most grateful to his feelings. * To-morrow the opening speech of defence will be closed, and their testimony begun. Arrivai of tho Canada at Boston, Boston, April 10, 1859, The steamship Canada, Captain Lang, (ron Liverpool 26th ult., via Halifax, arrived here at five o'clock this morning. Her mails for the South were forwarded by the evening train, via New Haven, due in New York at 6 A. M. Monday. Farther from Mextco New Okteasa, April 0, 1869, Private advices, per Quaker City’s mails, confirm the ac- counts of Miramon’s retreat, with the Liberal army press- ing on his rear. New Matl and Railroad Arrangement: Wasmnwaron, April 10, 1859. An entire chango of trains and mails will take effect on Monday, the 11th iustant, between Washiogton aua New York, as well as on the Western route by the Baltimore and Obio Railroad. ‘The mails from the South and Washivgton will leave at 4:50 A. M., and reach New York at 3 P. M., instead of 6:30 P. M., as at preseat—giving ample time to connect with the Boston boats and afternoon trains from New York for the East, North and West, by the Hudson River, Erle and other roads. The train willleave Now York at 7 A, M., instead of 4, as heretofore—passengers and mails roachiag Washington at six in the afternoon. According to the Columbus Couvention agreement, the Baltimore and Ohio road begins on Monday to ticket pas sengers between Now York, Boston and all the Western cities for one dollar less than other tines, the Baltimore road adhering to @ moterats speed of twenty-six miles average running time between New York and Cincivuati, while the other lines baye quickened to a much higher speed than ever before. The Southern mail brings New Orleans letters aud papers of Tueaday last. Tho latter contain no nows of importance. Arrest of a Murderer of his Family, Bancor, Me., April 10, 1859. Marshall Potter was arrested on Saturday, at St. Ste phen, N. B., by officer Bena, of Lee. He ta charged with causing the death of bis mother, two brothers and nephew, on Thureday morning last, at Lee, and robbing the house of one hundred and fifty dollars, It will be recollected that he was the only one that escaped when the house was burned. Ho was fully dressed, and bis two brothers, who slept in the same room, were barnes, ag were also bis mother and nephew, fie | medtt ately efter the fire, changed bis clothes at Carroll, and fucceeded in reaching New Brunswick before ba | was arrested. Bis clothes were bloo’y, and the money earned by bis two brovhers during the winter was seen ia bis possession. Patrick Wall, Feq., of this city, a clothing dealer, was eeriously injured on Sitordey even'oy hat by 8 gang of rufllans, who attacked bim with giuog shots aud stones, The Baltimore Executions---anerat of Gamn= brit. Barratore, Apri ‘The funeral of GambriM, who wae hung the murder of officer Benton, took place fro: residence this afternoon, There an imme of hig friends and asece ates, including characters. The sine of bucks extouded 0 tan worthy of remark thet Richard charged befare the execution of the d the real murderer of Mr. Benton, and by Gam himeelf, in big so called dying declaration, wag at tho fa ly residence tbis afternoon, and prominent among tho mourners at tbe funeral—a significant commentary upoa Gambrili’s dying declaration of innocence. Ff Boston. Bosros, April 10, 1859. A fire in East Boeton last night destroyed a ship hous: foundry, stables and several sheds, mostly the property of Samue! Tlatl and W. C, Barstow. Loss about twenty thousand dollars. Fire in the Woods in Masanchvsetts, Bosto, April 10, 1850. Over one thousand acres of woodiand wero burned ovo" in Marshpee and Falmouth yesterdsy and at the latest dates the fire continued spreading. Markets. ° New Onueaws, April 9, 1869. Cotton: sales to-day 9,000 bales, at vochanged prices; middling, 12);c. Flour declinod 10c, Pork very dull: . Gupnies 100. bagel tooe 4 Momz, April 9, 1850, “ otton has advanced jvo.; eaten to day 3,600 baiew; mid- ing, 12%;c. a 12}0. The market c' irmge, eee Bavanmatt, Apel 0, 1859, Cotton: market firm; sales to day 1,500 balor, Oiserswati, April 9, 1969, Flour unchanged; demand modrrate at $6 40a $5 60. Whiskey is in better demand, at stiffer prices. Provisions unchanged, Mese pork: $17 a $17 26. Baoon: shoulders, OMe.; Hides, Xe. Lard: 10% a 10%, — THE EUROPEAN WAR QUESTIV THE HITCH INTHE HOLY ALLIANCE, Breaking Up of the Territorial Ar- rangements of 1815. History of European Congresses During the Last Half Century, &., As it is not unllkely that the Conference whiok has boen agreed to by tho fading European Powers will effect some modifications in the which were the immediate consequences of the treaty of Paris in 1814, we propose to give a brief aketch of the geveral European congresses which have been held since that period. Our readers will thus be placed in possession of the points of the treaties and protocols which have ab tered the distribution of the Contineatal territories, and will be the better enabled to understand those that may come up for disoussion in the new Congress which is s00n © meet at Aix-la-Chapelle. CONGRESS OF VIENNA—1815. ‘When the treaty of Paris was signed in 1814, Europe ts” sued from one of thoge long agonies which at ceaturies of nterval change the face of the world. Dynasties the most ancient had d'sappeared, new kingdoms had been croated, France, which by a series of prodigious victories had be- come mistress of the Continent, had seen its populations rise against her, and the great Empire finally crumbled into ruins, The moment had therefore come to repair the dis- orders of twenty years of violence, by assuring the inde- pendence of the rations, reinaugurating the reign of jus” tice, restoring to their possessions legitimate claimants, guaranteeing public liberty, decreeing representative in- stitutions, and re-establishing between the Great Powers a lasting equilibrium by giving new forms to the political system of Europe. Such were, in effect, the promises ef ‘that famous Congress, which for the first time assembled together in covference the majority of the Christian go- vernments, in the persons of their kings and ministers. ‘We shall see presently to what extent these promises were fulfilled, Passing by the forms which preceded tho organization of this body, and which are matters of familiar history, we shall enter upon a brie’ sketch of the great work of territorial re-partition and distribution which it acoom- plished, premising simply that the finalact by which theas Sweeping changes were effected bears date the 9th June, 1815. That of the federative constitution of Gormsuy, which is included in {t, was executed on the previous day. First, as to France: “Indempities for the past and secu- ritics for the future,’ was the principle on which she was treated by the Allies. Seven hundred millions of frames were exacted by the great Powers, as her penalty for hay- ing put them a second time to the trouble of enthrouing the Bourbons, and about as much more in separate com- Peneations to the lesser States. Large as the amount sounds, it was Icss than half the sum which the English Chancellor of the Exchequer raised by loan and extra taxes in 1814-15. Victory was far more expensive to England than crusbing defeat to Fraupe. An army of occupation—a hundred and fifty thousand strong—the command of which was given to Wellington, was to gar- rigon her fortreeses and be maintained at her expense for five years. No further cession of territory was claimed. The indemnity was to be paid by instaiments, but the worka of art taken from Ituly and Germany were to be re- turned, #0 that altogether ber terms were rather degrad- ing than burdensome. She was still a noble kingdom. ‘Thirty mitlions of subjects were left to her of the fifty or sixty millions over whom Napoleon dominated. ' ere were'then thirty-two mi'lions of people to be rro- vided by the Congress with new boundaries and new govern- ments. The five miliions inbabiting Holland aad the low countries, were compacted into the kiogdom of the Nether- lauds under Wiliam of Orange, in spite of tbe fact that they were two races, with ineredicable differences, which forced in 1880 tho ‘recognition of Belgic independoaoa. But it was wanted to ertablish a strong frontier betwoon France and Northern Germany; so the Flemings wore consolidated with the Dutch, and England gavo up her: share of the indemnity (four or five millions sterling) that the Prince of Orange might repair his ruined for. tresses. ‘The provinces on the leftof the Rhine, which France had! taken from the German empire under her first Consul. were} given to Prussia, with those which she surrendered at we' peace of Tilsit, half of Saxony, and a share of the Duchy of Warsaw, cobeuming a million of Polish subjects; thé remainder Russi od, with the gift constitution that was not made tolive, Russia aleo joined Fintan tocompenrateSweten, for which she was confirmed the possession of Norway, to which she had forced mark to agree in the early’ part of the provious year. The re-distribution of the German States it 1s difficult make intelligible. The petty princes and counts, ‘ tized” by Napoicon, were permitted to retain their stat The Rhevish Confederation was vls0 maintained, instead reviving the old Germanic ompire. Thirty-nine States copatituted this celebrated pact; Austria, Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, War temburg, Baden, the Electorate of Hesse Darmstadt, Hoistein, (represented by its Dake, the King of Denmark; who was permitted to retain Scbleswig though closoiy ly with Holstein, and as eager to jota the and hence the struggle that has but lately uxembeurg, (giving @ place among the to its Duke, the King of the Netherlands), petty dukedoms, and the free towas of &o., ka. Lubeck, Fravkfort-on the Maine, Bremen, and Hambarg. Tu the Diet or Parliament of the representatives of these States th which to sit in permanence at Frankfort, ven States mentioned were to have one vote each; the secondary States a half or a fourth of a vote each; aif the free towns one—making in all seventeen votes. On constitutional questions a new arrangemeat, call- od the Plenum, was tw prevail; the six States of bee aro ravk were to have four votes cach, taree duke@ms two each, and all tbe remaining princes one cach, thus further increasing the influence of the great Powers, Austria, besives, was to be permanent Presi- dent of the Diet. On funsamental matters unanimity was required. The me%bers of the Confederation bound thom- selves to form no foreign alliances against the boty or against ang one or more of ite members. The fortresson of Luxembourg, Mayence and Laadan were taken posses- son of #8 the common property of the Confederation, and garrisoned by its troops. Spain and Portugal were restored to their former mo- parebs without change of boundary, and with tha adaition of constitutions. Switzerland remained a Confederation of — twenty. with her jort members, Avatria reacoumec the v0n crown Of Lombardy, with ta added gem of !oug coveted Venice, besides Daimatia, the Tyrol, ond all thet ehe nad fost by successive treaticn With Napoleon, Tuscany, Parma, Modena and Placeatie were reetored to the different scious of the House of Bapa- bura. The kingdom of Sardinia reappeared, enlarged and siredgtbened by the annexation of the rocient republic of aoa, To co the diseipation of the vision of [tae depencen Napleg was restored to, its Bourbow Ferdipand, and the Pope being reseated ia St. Peter's chair, Italy was again prostrate beaeath the feet of kong and pricet, a6 wae, indeed, all pe. The arrangement we bave thas explained was most complete restoration Of despotism conceiy. and the most monstrous wrong ever per- by ® covspiracy of rulers wpon their subjects. Tuere was not a popular interest consulted, not a promise redeemed, not a race liberated ia this famous settlement, The people of the Continent, the landwebr of Prussia, tb Ftudenis Gf Germany, the Tyrolese, tue Lithuania pea- savte, the pa'riots of the Pentosuia and of Italy, who nad reeo when they found that Napoleon, the chastiaeer of their kings, bad become also their own enemy—these brave aud gecerous people eewerywhere the subject of profound and bitter disappointment, They, aud the lanes from which they bad chased the conqueror, were lotted ootamong the members of two or three families; aud for (he ove great cespot, who might have ruled them a multitude of ttle tyrants. One of We articles of the German Coofederation @ preasly deciared, Each of the confederated States wil Erant a crustituton to the people,” another placed Chrevan sects on an equality; and a third guaraateed the press. Theee’ tolemn eagagem Avstria and Prassi a ‘al power. i" 1 we early as September, ‘That of the Nether was ertablisbed in 1816, and conferred such privileges yon the Duteh a at epee estranged the Belgians, ‘The King of Wortem»urp proffured, in the same year, & chart r which the Estates rejected, avd the struggle that epaved was protracted ti! 1819. William, of Heme Cassot, returned to ancestral dominion with the sayiug, *L Dave siept corivg the Inst seven yeare:’’ and, true to the avowal, isisted on repiuciog everything on’ its anctont footing, even to the wearing of bair powder and queaes. avarice was yet greater than his arbitrariness, and, having resold the lands diepored of by King Jerome, without compensating the holders, avd compeliad bi evbjccts to pay the dedts of his son, to the amount of tw hnvdred thoornud mx-doliars, he offered to soll a coasti- ion to the Estates for foar million rix-dollars, These 6 but spool of the working of the federal eysenn. They indicate what prevailed thronghout Contrat Rurope up 1 1819 and 1820, when the Congress of Verona re- cited the work of 1814 and 1816, ‘The system of absolutism, as created by the treaties of 1815, founded upon a basis alike adverse to national and liberal ideas, grew intolerable 96 the Oe suet aware ‘hat their nobtest feelings of patriotiam been fraudu- ently converted ipto insirumenta of their own. thraldom. Tnesgtisfaction and excitement therefore increased among the = throvghout Germany, Thelr rulers wore soon tanto dleagrecably sensible of this, It was distincuy known that not Germavy alone had become the seat of revolutionary ideas and plans, but that since the fall of N ‘b,& revolutionary propaganda had been formed, which was Involved in impenetratie obsourl- ered by the whole police of the Ruropenn Pow- Uhet this “association was indefatigable, and fur- nisbed With powortul meape to effect the overthrow of all thrones, and to tranwform the countries of Kurope int ro- publican Sta‘es, These movements on the part of the Ne nato- rally led to movementa on the part of the monarchs, and the common danger with which they were all equally threatened was not long in producing a union among the crowned ben's. Tt ie a remarkablo fact which the history of Congresses discloses, that never previous to the year 1814 had menarche agreed eo well, and acted so much im er