The New York Herald Newspaper, March 27, 1859, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. —————— JAMES GORVONR BHAEBTR, DITOR 4ND PROPRIETOR, BYrION H. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU 87S. TERMB, cash in ieonce, Money vont dy math will be a Wek oy the eomder Sacaes tampa vel temed os cnanione Tae ¥ HERALD, woe conte . per neem tae WateLY anata Pome tes 5 fica ; the a ee We al a coms per copy eee coca leas = Brain 4 the Opntinent, LJ 4 the Zolvori nm in tha Bah ‘of each month at ole conte Pipe FAMILY HERALD, oe Watnoeday, tl for onnts per “Yotuntany GORRESPONDENOR onautning texportan i on a Jue Foution Conmenroa! pep Reqoestep ro Sma au A870 NOTICE taken of anonymous correspondence. We dona WTO PRINTIDC toncaied with meainess, sheapnees and de- Volume XXIV... Ne. 85 AMUSEMENTS TO MORROW BVENING, BROADWAY THEAT&S, Groadway.—ANTOmY 4D OLEO- PaTna—Otp Nick anv Youny Nick. NIBLO'® GARDEN, Broadway.—Crrovs PurrorMaNons— Thaup HoRses—Gakus of tax Curnicuwm. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Muiex or New Jersey —AseHODEL. WALLAOK'S THEATRE, Brosdway,—Tu VarTeRAn ; On, FRANCE axD ALGERIA. LAURA KXENE’S THEATRE, No. 624 Broadway.—Taw Rivais—Bivat Paces. BARNUM'S AMERIOAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—After- Rove—Veap Snor—Papor Caner, kveung—Oce Inisn JOuUBIA. WOOD'S MINETRET BUILDING, 561 and 543 Broadway— Brmoriaw Bons, Dances, &0.—Mysrid SPRLL. BRYANTS’ MINSTRELS, MECHANICS’ HALL, 427 Broad ‘Way.—NeGao 80nG8 ano BORLESQUES—WIDE AWaXE. New York, Sunday, March 27, 1859, The News. By the arrival of the steamship Karnak at this port yesterday morning we have news from Ha vana, Porto Rico and St. Thomas. The letters of our correspondents, published in to-day’s paper, contain full details. Just before the Karnak left Havana intelligence reached there of the loss of the British war steamer Jasseur. The Jasseur left Jamaica on the lst instant, on a cruise, and on the night of the 4th struck a hidden rock to the north- ward of Jamaica, and began to fill rapidly. A raft ‘was hastily constructed, to which the ship’s two boats were attached, and to this frail support the officers and crew, sixty in number, scantily supplied with provisions, committed themselves. A heavy gale setin soon after,and a sea washed ten men from the raft, who were drowned. The remainder took to the boats. One of the boats, containing the captain and nineteen men, after suffering terri bly from exposure and famine, was providentially driven intoa port on the south side of Cuba, but the other boat, in which were thirty men, has not ince been heard of. Nothing of general interest transpired in cither branch of the Legislature yesterday. ‘The late heavy fall of rain caused serious damage along the Hudson by inundation, and especially at Kinderhook creek, by washing away the land along its banks; and it is asserted the water was higher qn that district than has been known for half a cen- tury. The rise was so sudden and unexpected that before the inhabitants of the lower part of Kinder- hook village had time to look about them it was submerged. The dock at Fishkill leading to the ferry slip was injured to the amount of two thousand dollars. The Hudson River Rail- road has suffered considerably by the inundation, and at present it is impossible to state with any de- Bree of accuracy what the exact amount of damage is. The damage is being rapidly repaired, and in a Bhort time the road will be in perfect condition. The trains are now making regular trips. The river is entirely clear of ice. The weather since the recent high winds has been exceedingly spring like. The river steamboats since the opening of navigation have been doing a pretty good freight business, and are making money for their owners. The water still continues high, but not to sucha Gogree as to anticipate any serious damage. The Bteamboats Eagle and Constitution, running from Albany to New York, have commenced their trips for the season. The jury in the case of James Stephens, whose trial on a charge of poisoning his wife has occupied the Court of Oyer and Terminer for the past three weeks, yestefday morning rendered a verdict of guilty against the accused. Sentence will be pro- nounced on Tuesday next. &iMr. Fayette Robinson, one of the boarders in the house in East Fourteenth street, where the wholesale poisoning was perpetrated on Wednesday last, died yesterday. An inquest was held,and some addi- tional interesting testimony relative to the break- fast of which the unfortunate victims partook, and the conduct of the suspected domestic, Margaret Burke, on the occasion, was elicited. A report of the evidence may be found in another column. In the Court of General Sessions yesterday the case of John Sturtzenegger, who was indicted for forgery in circulating notes on the National Bank of Austria, was called up, and to-morrow was fixed for the commencement of the trial. Rohner and Kugei, alleged accomplices of the accused, have already been convicted, and await sentence. The capital trials of the brothers Glass, Higgins and Loftus, and of Quimby Appo and Jean Bosquet, were, on motion of the District Attorney, transfer- ted to the Court of Oyer and Terminer. According to the report of the city inspector, there were 419 deaths in the city during the past week, an increase of 10 as compared with the mor- tality of the week previous, and 57 less than oc- curred during the corresponding week of last year. Of the whole number 245 were of ten years of age and under, and 55 were inmates of the various Public institutions. The following table shows the number of deaths for the past two weeks among Sdults and children, distinguishing the sexes :— Women. Boye. Girls. Tolal. 738 «(140 9 400 72 #10 «116 «419 March10 March 26, 65 56 30 36 1 1 RoBe 7 12 leaths of apoplexy, 8 of can- cerous affections, 9 of congestion of the brain, 6 of congestion of the lungs, 17 of croup, 7 of puerperal fever, 8 of typhoid fever, 12 of disease of the heart, 9 of hooping cough, 9 of palsy, 6 of scrofula, 4 pre- mature births, 37 stillborn, and 12 from violent causes, including 2 suicides and 5 burned or scald E The number of doaths, compared with the responding weeks in 1857 and 1858, wag as fol- cor- lows:— Week condi 28, 1867,.). Week soauee*uaree ‘87, 1868. Week ending March 19, 1869 Week eading March 26, 1869 oe 19 The nativity table gives 293 natives of the United States, 87 of Ireland, 24 of Germany, 4 of England, 2 of Scotland, and the balance of various foreign countries. ‘The cotton market yesterday was quite steady, but less Active, as dealers were disposed to holi up fdr later foreign ve bales, The from the South repregeated a further decrease in receipts, with active sales in Mobile aed New Orleans, and at full prices, The gales to this market dur- ing We past week embraced about 41,000 balcs, an uaa sual amount for New York for so brief a period, at an average of 12346. per Ib., or $55 123¢ per bate of 460 lbs, each. The value o’ the week's sales would be about $2,259,945. Flour exhibied more buoyancy, and was in better request, while sales of Stato, Western and Southora were more freely » ade. Whea: was in fair domand, while the sales were moderate at full prices, The stock NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, MARCH 27, 1859. The sales © brace! from 1,000 1,200 n this market is said to be light or much reduced in quaa- ity. (orn was tn good demand and prices firm. Ia pork ales were fair, with some sales of extra heavy moss for ai ortia at $18 25, while sales of ordinary new mess were made at $18 12} avd of prime at $13. Sugars were ip good demand, with ga'e2 0° about 1,50081,6.0 hds. New Orleans, Cuba, Porto Rico and Texas, at fail vices. Coffee was quiet. Freight engagements were moderate, and rates unchange.. Our Claims Agalnst Forelge Governments. In June last the Senate passed a resoluti re- juesting the President to cause to be communi- cated to that body a list of the claims preferred by citizens of the United States against foreign governments singe the year 1815, for acts of spo tiation and aggression, with a statement of the vature of each claim, the aetion of the Execu- tive in relation thereto, and the amount of satis- faction obtained. This document has just been printed and distributed, and exhibits a formida- ble catalogue of grievances, the list extending to one hundred and twenty-eight pages, although ut few of the claims have more than a line de- voted to them. To render the return complete, however, some attempt should have been made to ascertain the aggregate amounts of the settled and unsettled claims, so as to show the actual state of indebtedness of the different govern- ments, This could of course have beeo doue from inspection of the papers filed, which would have afforded the means of forming a tolerably close estimate of the amounts of ‘he anspecitied claims. As government departments, however, do no more work than they are compelled to perform by the terms of the resolutions passed hy Congress, we have endeavored to rectify the omission by wading, ourselves, through this un- oviting mass of figures. The result is curious, as showing the enormous disproportion which xists between the aggregate of claims which have accrued since the time specified, (forty-two years,) and of those settled or disallowed by conventions and mixed commissions. Before stating the totals it is necessary to observe that those placed under the head of “ estimated” ave been calculated as nearly as possible from the imperfect evidence before us. They have been taken item by item, and considered care- ‘ully—the value placed upon them being a fair middle term between the pretensions of the claimants and the estimate which would proba bly be made of them by a board of inquiry. The following are the figures :-— CLAIMS SINCE 1816, Specified claims. Approximatively estimated. SETTLED AND REJECTED. Specified claims rettied...... $8,422,825 16 Specified claims disallowed... 391 88 Estunated claims disailowed. 204,412 96 —————— 16,952,680 00 $59,510,703 13, From this it would appear that the total amount of indebtedness to our citizens by foreign governments falls little short of sixty millions. That a large proportion of this is ac- tually owing, and will, ultimately, have to be paid, is proved by the fact that in many cases the claims have been investigated by commissioners, and awards made; in others they have been reported upon favorably by the American resident Ministers, and in others again, their justice has been acknowledged by the governments against which they are pre ferred. The delay in settlement arises from various causes; such as fiscal embarrassments, changes of ministry, or political revolutions in the countries indebted. In some cases they are ascribable simply to want of principle on the part of the smaller governments, which count on our forbearance and magnanimity to escape from the payment of their just debts. It is time that some well defined and energetic course of action should be pursued to close up and dispose of claims which are a continual source of vexation and annoyance to the State Department, and which are constantly pro- ductive of difficulties with foreign govern. ments. Eivher these claims have a foundation of justice, or they are illusory. In the former case they should be pressed to a settlement; in the latter they should be swept from the files of the Department and extinguished, at least so far as the action of our government is concerned There is but one way of arriving at a proper ap- preciation of the character of these claims, without waiting upon the slow results of diplomatic action and the delays attending mixed commissions and conventions. We would suggest that a board of examiners be appointed by Congress to investi- gate the entire list of unsettled claims, with power to enforce the attendance of witnesses, and to expunge from the list such as do not appear! to them to present strong prima facie evidence of correctness, Notice should be given to the foreign governments interested that such an in- quiry was pending, with a request that copics of such written evidence as they possessed in refe- rence to the claims against them should be for- warded tothe board. By this course a large amount of fraudulent cases would be disposed of without the chance of # misunderstanding be- tween the governments, while the awards of the board would afford us definite grounds for presa- ing to a settlement the just debts due to our citi- zens. It would, moreover, have the effect of saving a vast amount of prospective trouble; for as soon as claimants found tha! their demands were to be subjected to this rigorous examina- tion at home, they would be cautious how they cooked up cases which had no other foundation than the hopes of success inspired by the action of our government, It is part of a wise and economical po- licy to keep those individual claims which re continually troubling our international Telations under ag severe control as pos- sible. As we are at present going on, we are nursing up and fostering innumerable causes of quarrel and difficulty with other gov- ernments. Were the costs of settlement and collection calculated, we should probably find, in addition, that but little Pecuniary advantage is, in the endygained to the general interests, Let us, therefore, set an example in this, as we have done in other matters of governmental policy. By sponging out such fraudulent claims as bave been preferred by our citizens against foreign governments, and compelling the latter to promptly settle those against which no just defence can be set up, we shall earn at once the respect of the world and the gratitude of those who have been so long kept out of their rights by diplomatic chicanery, 72,137,981 79 418444 34 76,272,423 13 ‘The Developement of the Newspaper Print egent and New York correspoudent of the pro- Prietors of the London Times for information as to the working of our great ten cylinder presses, that catablishment having bad two v! the same dcsoription manufactured in Haglacd, by English meohaaios, in the establishment of Mesera, Whitworth & Co., of Manchester, which, from some cause uukoown to us, appear to be de- fective in their operation. Two years have been consumed in the construction of those muchives, and yet the constructive genius of Engl sh work- wen has failed to render satisfuotion, and we have been called upon to answer the fullowing inquiries in reJation to those in our estublish- ment, they being the first constructed of those which mark the progress of the age, aud which have been introduced into our establishment, we cheerfylly complied, and handed ovor the inquiry addressed to us by the London Zines to Mr. Joseph Elliott, the printing superintendent of this establishment, for him to answer in detail. The following are the inquiries, with his answers ap- pended, in the regular order of succession in which they are propounded, together with other information, which may be interesting to the general reader:— you for your newspaper work, and what are they, and how long have they been in use? tary patent—two of them being of tsn cylinders each, and the third of six cylinders, The six cylinder press has been in use betwovn six and seven years; the ten cylinders about two years. cylinder machines per minute, and how much more numerous, and at the roo’ of all lies tho evil, that while every one is compelled to labor but few are allowed to think; and to this may, in a great measure, be ascribed the failure in the bvonstraotion of these presses for the Loudon Times. When an accident occurred, there could be no exchange of ideas among the workmen, and the oue or two individuals at the head of the con- cern had not intelligence sufficient of themselves to comprehend the difficulty. Instead of the concentrated mind of an hundred men on a single point, as would have been the case in an American workshop, the difficulty was attempt- ed to be fatbomed by a few officials, So little is known between masters and men in English workshops, it is probalsle that none of the opera- tives employcd in the construction of these preeses knew what they were doing when they were building tnem, and as little when they were supposed to be complete. No great developement of inventive genius can be expected under such a system in Great Britain, and English capitalists requiring machines of American invention would do well to have them constructed in this country, where they can be done so much better, and at lees cost ultimately. So perfect is the intelleo- tual mechanical organization of our ewn vast establishment, that in all tho ramifcations of business we have no difficulty of finding, from she editorial rooms down to. the neavsboys’ fald- ing room, one person to take the place of another in cases of emergency or accident of any descrip- tion, It would be well for the London Zimes to follow our example, for by so doing the many annoyances they are now laboring under would be avoided in future, and their business pro- gress profitably and safely under any coatingen- cies, Break down all distinctions in your press room—dismiss all the ceremony of rank and pregedence, and set the uninds of your operatives free—consult them in emergencies—and, our word for it, accidents will be of as rare occur- rence with you as they are with us. We well re- member the visit to this establishment of the Russian savant, Dr. Hammel, and the surprise he evinced when viewing the intellectual mechani- cal operations of the concern. This distin- guiebed gentleman was in search of information which might be made available in Russia, and he went away with a more correct appreciation of American systems of labor than any foreigner who bad preceded him; and there is no doubt that the insight ipto the workivgs of intellectual mechanical labor in this country obtained by this gentleman while in our office hdve had, strange as it may appear, 4 paramount influcnce in abolishing serfdom in Russia. As illustrative of these truths, we will men- tion one of many instances in our establishment, where this intellectual mechanical knowledge ing Press in Amertca—The Latrodaction of the fen Cylinder Machine into Great is 1: tain. A few days ago we were applied to by ‘ho wonderful machines, the ten cylinder printing preea. As wo are always ready to give informa tion in relation to the utilitarian improvements Question—How many printing machines have Answer—Three printing machines of the ro- Question—Were your ten cylinders the first that were built? Answer—Yes. Question—What number of revolutions of the main cylinder do you regularly run the ten faster bave you at times run them ? Answer—The regular speed at which they are propelled is from twenty-eight to thirty revolu- tons per minute—occasionally as high as thirty- three. Question—What is the average number of im- preesions per hour, including stoppages? } Answer—About fifteen thousand. Question—What have been the breakages, and what have been the delays consequent on them? Answer—We have had but few, and none to delay the publication of the paper. We have bad to throw off one of the cylinders two or three times from slight accidents to tape wheels on the end of the cylinder, and from a breakage of a finger cam. Question—How do the finger motions of the ten cylinders compare, in point of durability, with the six and four cylinders which you have used ? Answer—Favorably. They are, however, more difficult to get at, and require particular attention on the stoppage of the machinery, in order that their movement may be correct when the machinery is again put in motion. Of course, they must be kept clean. Question—Do you find more fingers broken on the ten cylinders, in proportion to the number of cylinders, than in a four or six cylinder? Answer—No. . Question—A bout how often do fingers or grip- pers break on your ten cylinder machine ? Answer—We have had very few broken since the preases were put in operation, and not one for the last three months, Question—Have you any more difficulty with composition rollers on the ten cylinder than on the four or six cylinder? Answer—We have had less difficulty, and our rollers last longer—some of the distributing rollers having been in constant use for over six months. The type rollers, however, do not last 80 long, as they have to be washed oftener and are more liable to accident in handling. They average about six weeks in wear. Question— What occasions you the most delays? Answer—The tapes, which contract and ex- pand from the action of the weather. They sometimes break, and occasionally run off the pulleys when too much expanded, endangering the machine. The London Times seems to be peculiarly un- fortunate with their ten cylinder presses. All that have been manufactured in this country, have worked admirably so fur as we have been able to ascertain; and no cause is assigned by those making the above inquiries for the appa- rent failure of the machines in England. But there must be @ deficiency somewhere, and the fault seems to be in the want of skill in English machine shops, as the same drawings upon which the New York Hinarp presses were constructed, were sent over to England. A skilful mechanic, who understood the manufacture and working operation of these presses in America, was sent over with the drawings to render every assistance which his experience and practical skill could afford to the parties who were engaged to manu- facture them in that country; but such was the English exclusiveness and self sufficiency of the parties engaged in the contract, that when this American mechanic arrived in England, he was denied access to the workshop—precisely as Hughes, the electrician, was excluded from the operating room of the Atlantic telegraph—and informed that English skill was sufficient for all Purposes, and that when wanted, he would be sent for; upon which he left Manchester and went to London, where he remained until some mechanical blunder compelled them to send for him to rectify the error, This done, his ser- vices were no longer required, and the con- tractors went on in their own mode of complete- ing the machines, which they have been two years in endeavoring to perfect, but which have resulted in s comparative “failure. The same Presses could have been built in this country and put in successful operation in six months What a saving of time and of capital would it not have been for the London Time to have or- dered them built in the United States, for from what we have seen of the workshops of Great Britain, their organization docs not appear to be favorable to the developement of intellectual mechanical ekill. In that country the artisan appears to be considered a part of the material on which he labors, while in America he is thought to be an intelligent being, capable of comprehending the most abstruse scientific de- tails of his profession, and the suggestions of operatives are received with aa much constdera- tion as those emanating from individuals of the highest pretensions. The class aystem is as distinctly marked in English workshops as in society at large in that country, with grades . sion the bell metal eccentric strap attached to the connecting rod that moves the slide valve in the steam cheat of our engine broke in the centre, about the middle of our edition, and at the dead of night, when it would have been im- possible to have had the mishap remedied by ex- ternal resources. The presses were stopped— and what to do was a matter of consultation among all hands. At length one of the opera- tives said be thought he could mend it if he had the proper means, which was a certain amount of silver metal. The pockets of all hands were immediately emptied of their loose change, the silver was melted, the strap was soldered, the engine was again in motion in an hour's time, and the edition saved. Had this accident oc- curred in a European office what would have been the result? The edition would have been lost. The next morning, probably, a draftman would have been sent for to make a drawing; then @ model would have been made, then it would have been handed to the moulder, then cast, then finished, then put in its place—all oc- cupying several days of valuable tine. There is no restriction on intellectual de- velopement in this country. The inventive mind is set free, and every man is, more or less, @ mechanic—invents for himself, or sup- plies the wants of other, There is scarcely @ man in the land who is unable to practi- cally use mechanical appliances of some sort, and even our farmers become so expert in the use of tools that they handle the axe, the saw, the plane and the chisel with as much dexterity as would be evinced by an ordinary European mechanje. No wonder that invention should progress so rapidly in this country, when we reflect that a machine is hardly patented be- fore another one is designed to supercede it. Our Patent Office is overran with inventions, which frequently are first patented in Europe, and then claimed as European, while, in faot, they are due to the intellectual mechanical mind of this country, and where their practical value must first be tested. Jn connection with this subject we may as well trace the history of the printing press in this country for the last quarter of a century, as all improvements of moment have taken place with- in that period, that is, since the advent of the cash newspaper system inaugurated by the New Yorx Herarp, whose wonderful success and constantly increasing circulation had forced upon inventors the necessity of devising some more rapid means of taking impressions than had pre- viously been in use. There is tio necessity for our mentioning here all the presses which have been invented. We will merely remark, for the information of the curious, that the first cylinder press was invent- ed in Great Britain, in 1789, by @ person named Nicholson. This press wea never put in practi- cal operation, the wanta of the Mewspaper press of that period not requiring anything more effec- tive than any ordinary hand prese, capable of producing about two hundred impressions an hour. The next press was introduced into Eng- Jand by a German, named Konig, and was capa- ble of producing about eight hundred impres- sions an hour, and that must have been the press from which inventors subsequently copied, uatil the advent of the rotary press. Mr. Walter ap- plied steam to one of these presses in 1814, to work the edition of the London 7imes—which was the first application of steam as a motive power to the printing press, Various improve- ments and changes, however, took place in the Presses of the London mes, ending with the mammoth presses of Applegath, which, in turn, have to give way to the ten cylinder of Hoe. ‘The old Daily Advortier Introduced the firet printing machine into this country in about 1828, about the same time that the Napier prees was imported by the Mnquirer, after which R. Hoe, Sen., was able to supply the- @emand for cylinder presses in thia coun- try. The ponderous, ill shaped preases of English make had to give way before the light, Compact and skilfully made presses of Hoe, and several of them may now be seen among the scrap iron curiosities of that establishment, loft has been eignally available. On one occa- | as eouvenire of a by-gone age by Robort Hoe, Ben., to his descendanta. When we began the pablication of thie jour nal, in 1885, @ wingle oylinder press, capable of taking about one thousand impressions ax hour, was the most effective machiue of the day, aud this was amply sufficient for the requirements of that time. With the increasing demand for the Tigray by the public came the pressure on in- | veutore for greater facilities, and in 1841 or 1842 «new double cylinder press was produced for us, capable of taking from three to four thousand impressions an hour, and with which for a while we were compelled to be satisfled. The power of these presses was soon, however, found to be inadequate to meet the demand of the public for the Huraxp, and further imp vement again be- came necessary. The inventive power of men of genius was now pu: to the severest test, and in 1848 Riohard M. Hoe made his great discovery of what is called the rotary press, twoof which were soon afterwards made and put up in the vaults of this establishment, These presses would print eight or nine thousand sheets an hour, and were then thought to be every- thing that would be desired. But even these sufficed only for a limited period, and the duplication of forms seemed to be the only resource left in order to print off our constantly increasing edition; but the end fortunately was not yet. Inventive genius was not ata standstill; and in 1852 we had the satisfaction of adding a six cylinder printing press to our establishment, capable of running off twelve thousand copies per hour. Fight cylinder presses were also manufactured, but they were no faster than the six, on account of the large diameter of the type cylinder, and few came into use, But in spite of our six cylinder press, the pressure of our daily increasing circulation weighed upon us, and reacting on R. Hoe & Oo., compelled them to produce their far-famed twenty thousand per hour ten cylinder printing press, two of which, in 1857, at a cost of $60,000, were erected and put in operation in our spacious vaults, together with adequate propelling power. Previous to and during the period that this great revolution was taking place in newspaper printing, humerous other presses were invented, but none seemed so well adapted to rapid news- paper printing as those constructed by R, Hoe & Co. These presses are now absolutely neces- sary to success to all newspapers of large circu- lation in any part of the world, and capital must find its way here for their manufacture from abroad, as well as for all other descriptions of valuable machinery. We can supply anything in the fast line—a fast printing press—a fost steamer—a fast clipper ship—a fast yacht—a fast, Bashaw trotter, and a-fast Yankee clock. Ex-Governor Hont anp THE ADMINISTRATION ov Mr. Bucuanan.—In his late speech to “the old line whigs,” at Hope Chapel, ex-Governor Hunt was hardly less remorseless in his denun- ciations of Mr. Buchanan’s administration than has been the Richmond Knquirer since December last. Mr. Hunt says that “those who have looked to Mr. Buchanan for a just and prudent Policy have been deeply disappointed;” that, “jnstead of restoring peace to a distracted coun- try, he has widened the breach, nd fomented fresh dissensions;” that, ‘on a candid survey of the present attitude of the government, all must admit that its condition is deplorable ~in the extreme;” and that “it is difficult to discern a single redeeming feature,” &c. But what are the facts? When Mr. Buchanan entered upon the duties of the Presidency, he found himself saddled with the heavy burdens and expensive legacies thrown upon his back by his predecessors, Pierce and Fillmore, including the Kansas trouble, the Central American im- broglio, the Mormon rebellion, and all that enor- mous schedule of party and lobby corruptions which, since the Mexican war, had been deplet- ing the treasury, robbing the people, and un- dermining the government. In addition to these embarrasements, the sweeping financial revul- sion of 1857, the result of overtradiug, excessive epeculations, and stockjobbing and swindling, end all sorts of extravagances, cut down at once the receipts of the treasury to the extent of some twenty-five millions a year. Thus, to an unpre- cedented increase of the government expenses was added an unprecedented reduction of the government resources. And yet, with all these Gifficulties to face, and against a succession of plots, conspiracies and rebellions in his party camp, without a parallel in the history of our political parties, Mr. Buchanan’s administration has been eminently successful. Let Kansas, Utab, Central America, and the British right of search question, answer for him. “Rome was not built in a day,” and the gross party and official corruptions which had grown up in eight or ten years could not be weeded out in two; but Mr. Buchanan in this work has made a good beginning. He would have done much more but for the corrupt lobby cliques and President makers of Congress, As it is, let the responsibility for all failures in this general work of retrenchment and reform, and for the present deplorable condition ot the trea- sury, rest where it belongs. Through the warn- ing given ina veto or two, Mr. Buchanan has saved millions upon millions of public resources which otherwise would have been wasted in Buncombe, pension bills, free favors, &c., by the late Congress. This is not a small matter. Let justice be done; and when Mr. Hunt next under- takes to speak of the “political signs of the times,” let him at least stick to the truth of -his- tory in regard to the present administration, and the legacies left it by Pierce and Fillmore, and in regard to the substantial achievments, foreign and domestic, which have crowned the offidial labors of Mr. Buchanan. Tue Crry Ramxoap Bustvess mm tue Leors- LATURE—The application for charters for rail- roadsin this city and Brooklyn during the pre- sent seesion of the Legislature has quite exer- cised that indefatigable body, the lobby. No less than twenty bills for the establishment of city railroads have been presented in both houses, the last being introduced into the Senate on Fri- day, providing for a railroad from Forty-second to Fulton street. ‘There are various interests involved in these bills, and the lobby must be quite active in the conflict. There are, first, the friends of the pro- posed railroads; next, the opponents of them, such as property owners and residents on the va- tious routes, Then come those interested in the roads already established, who, of course, are an- tagonistic to the constructibn of new lines. Bo- tween these three elements—particularly as Albany fs full of city railroad speculators— there is no doubt a lively time in the lobby, and this over governed city may perhaps come out @ little better in the melée, on the principle of the strife of the famous Kilkenny cate, The rival jobbers may eat cack other up before they get through with the squabble for spoil, Views ov rus Rep Rureiuicays on rum Traxian Queatton.—In avother part of our paper will be found a docament of some iaterest—the maniftpto of the Central Revolutiosary Com mittee of London in the pending Italian diff- oultiee, The different governments whose ex- pectatious or fears are involved have all gives expreesion to their sentiments in regard to them The document which we publish to-day is the first formal expreesion of tho views of tbe party which professes to have the heaviest stake in the liberation of Italy. It will be seen that the com mittee have no faith in the results’of a Frengh orusade for that object. It would be surprising / if they bad, seeing that Louls Napoleon rests bie justification for his present movements mainly om the ground that war is necessary to crush revete- tion. There can be no doubt whatever that se far as the objects of the revolutionary party are concerned, French intervention would prove fatal to them. Between the pretensions of Sa» dinia and the protectorate of \’rance not an tage of ground would be left to them. The constite- tional institutions of the one, and the quasi-liberal but etringent despotiem of the other, through « passive instrument, like that to which it is pre- posed to reduce the Pope, would repress fer a jong time to come all attempts at revolution, The London committee are right in the conele- sion that it would throw back their cause by at least tem years. Far better would it be for them that the present intolerable state of things in Italy should continue until either the opper- tunities afforded by external difficulties amongst its aggressors or a simultaneous and desperate effort of its own populations should burst the chains by which it is bound. The red republicans eee in the threatened interference of France a double danger to the cause of liberty, If Louis Napoleon succeeds in Italy, the triumph of their principles there will be. indefluitely postponed ; if he fails, anotber allied army will advance ta Paris, reseat a Bourbon on the throne, and des- troy the hopes which the excesses of imperial despotism are exciting amongst the partisans of the red flag. There is more sagacity in these views than usually characterizes the manifestoes of the party from which they emanate, Had they exercised the prudence which they now exhibit little earlier they might have epared themselves the ridicule which usually attends abortive efferts like theira Tue Cusan Friasusters at Tax Ono Tricxs.—A report is in circulation that an ex- tensive filibustering organization exists, the ob- ject of which is the conquest of the island of Cubs—that for this purpose arms and ammuni- tion have been provided, and that strong bodies of volunteers are ready to embark simultane- ously from different parts of the Union—that ee- cret agents in Cuba stand prepared to co-operate with the invaders—that New York is the head- quarters of the enterprise—that the chiefs of the conspiracy are here, but that the principal ma- terials are stored away in Southern cities. And lastly, it is reported that probably by the next steamer from Havana final instructions will be received, whereupon the signal is to be given for the departure from our shores of the invading expedition. A formidable plot, and a beautiful plan of operations, no doubt; but so fur as the question of invading the island of Cuba is concerned, we have no hesitation is pronouncing this magnifi- cent organization an unmitigated humbug. The last terribly fatal expedition of Lopez taught hese Cuban filibusters a lesson which they have not forgotten, and will not soon forget; but it taught them another thing, which they have used and will continue to use to the fullest extent as long as itcan be made to pay. Ina word, it ‘aught them how to live the life of genteel loaf- ers, patriots and heroes upon other people’s mo- ney. Thus, the funds subscribed by credulous advocates of a filibustering occupation of Cuba, during the last six or seven years, have been ex- pended by vagabondizing filibusters in the reg- taurants and oyster cellars of our seaboard cities. To this business of subsistence we may safely limit the present Cuban filibustering jun- tas, plans, contributions and materials withia the United States. Foousuty Fricurenep—The Chevalier Forney has been told that Mr. Buchanan, in view of the unanimous endorsement he received at the late Harrisburg Democratic State Convention, “ proposes to enter the lists as a candidate for the democratic Presidential nomination at Charleston;” and the indignation and alarm of poor Forney, in consequence, are paiuful to be- hold. But he ought to know better than to be frightened out of his wits at any such report; for we dare say that Mr. Buchanan is fixed in hia resolution not to be a candidate for a second term. He did what no other man could have done in saving the democratic party from de- struction in 1856; and if the treacherous leaders of the party have since destroyed it, they cannot expect Mr. Buchanan to come again to their re- lief. His political duties are now limited to his administration, and, with or without the party, he will endeavor to discharge these duties to the satisfaction of he country, leaving the Charleston Convention perfectly free to look elsewhere for the succession. We cannot believe in the possl- bility of any contingency in the interval that would be likely to induce Mr. Buchanan to enter the lists for the Charleston nomination. His am- bition in the ontset was limited to one term. He has secured it, and that will suffice. Tax Quarantine Brit. IW Tue AssEMDLY— The bill for the removal of Quarantine was read a third time in the Assembly on Friday, and passed by the decided vote of 99 to 9, Should it meet a similar fate in the Senate, one point of the Quarantine controversy will be set- tled—namely, its removal somewhere off Staten Island. The bill provides that Quarantine shall not be established either in Richmond county ee {n Kings county, or within one mile of the latter. No precise location is specified for the re-com- struction of Quarantine buildings, but the oha- racter of the bill indicates that some site em made ground in the lower bay will have to be se lected for the purpose. “To this favor it must come,” at last. Tnx Conngcricur Exxction—Thurlow Weed is slightly alarmed about Connectidut. He is afraid that the “acore or two of old fogies” there who have put forth a separate “ Whig American ticket” intend to vote the “Buchanan ticket.” The result may determine the party complexion of the next Congress, and if the “Whig Ameri- cans” wish to hold the balance of power in the House, they have adopted the right course im Connecticut. Let them hold on, if they would not be swallowed up by the republicans, Their policy is directly opposed to that of Thurlow Weed.