The New York Herald Newspaper, March 13, 1859, Page 1

THE NEW YO WHOLE NO. 8225, TREASURY DEFALCATION IN OHIO. NEARLY $600,000 ABSTRACTED. REPORT OF THE INVESTIGATING COMMISSION, Extraordinary Operations of the Three Treasurers. Banks and Railroad Companies Involved— Chittenden (Banker), of New York, and the Obio Life Insurance and Trust Company, &o., deo., he. The Ohio State Journal publishes an extra of itty columns, or more than. even pages, which would make a book of cousiderable size, giving a report of the Investi- gating Commission appointed by the Legislature to inquire into extensive frauds committed on the State Treasury during the period which three successive Treasurers haye held office, It was presented to the Legislature on the 8th metant, accompanied by a messago from Governor Chase. ‘The report, and the evidence on which it ‘ounded, are 80 voluminous that the details would be too tedious for our readers, even if our space permitted the insertion of the extended report. The points, however, are of sufficient public interest to possess a claim upon our columns. An ‘amount of rascality is laid bare which is highly ipstractive tothe people. The total amount robbed from the Treas- ury during the three administrations is ascertained by the Cotamiseioners to be $581,811. Governor Chase, in his megeage, maintains that the appointment of the Commissioners was illegal and unconstitutional on the part of the Assembly—that they might appoint a committee of their own body, aud Dame its embere—that they could even create a com- amiesion of citizens who were not of their body, as they did 40, but that there their constitutional power ended, and ‘hat they had no right to name or appoint the Commission- ers, 2 privilege which the constitution did not vest in the Legielature, but in the Executive. Tho Governor, however, did not wish to throw any difi- vy, but evinced his desire to fulfil the ‘wishes of the Assembly. The Legislature, notwithstand- ing, felt rather indignant at this meseage.’ In the House ' Mt was Jaid on the table; in the Senate a recolution offered by Mr. Safford, ordering it to be printed with the executive documents, was adopted. ‘The majority in both houses refueed to allow the message to go tw the people with the 7e} port. The Commissioners appointed by the General Assemb!, were Meesre. A. P. Edgerton, Charics Reemelin and W. if Morgan, They opencd their report with an apology for dis ehormous length, but state that their specitic ingtruc- tions left them no option, Mr. Reomelia, doubting the constitutionality of the creation of the commission, scrupled ‘to serve until the opinion of the courts had been obtained. ‘The decision having proved favorabie, the commission proceeded with its duties, and took up, in turn, the cases of Albert A. Bliss, John G. Breslin and Wm. H. Gibson. Thege parties were succeseively State Treasurers of Obi. ‘The commission examined the accounts of each, and re- port in detail. The commiesion epeak of the difficulties they encoun- tered in the prosecution of their work, by reason of the ¢ourse pursued towards the three defaulting Treasurers, ‘who, in their opinion, should have all been arrested when the defalcation first Decame known, and their books and papers immediately subjected to’ examination. They aay — TiTuare. ave some who have appeared before us as un- willing witaceges, who have, as we believe, withheld the whole truth. Had they presented ail the facts and ex- planations in their power, which we earnestly dezired they should do, our opinions and conciusions might have beer materially changed or modified. If to such wa seem un juet or 100 zevere, they have none to censure or condemn but themselves. “We beg all to remember that we were directed to exa. mine into deeds and practices from two to twelve years after they happened—that they were deeds of darkness {rom their very origin—and that books and papers, as ‘well as yen’s memories, do not grow strouger and brighten in the progress of time, but rather weaker and loss re- wble. There had been just enough investigation to make the wrong doers more adroit in hiding their acts, and in wventing moet plausible explanatious with which to mis- lead their examiners. ‘The course pursued towards the defaulting Treasurers, Immediately atter the defalcation became known, was uot Calculated to diminish the intricacies of subsequent iaves- “tigatiove. The three Treasurers were all in the city ho ere ing sroard the acenes of their misdeode, and should, in our opinion, Lave all becn arrested, and their books and papers subjected to the closest scrutiny; and we cannot well be mistskea in the cpipion that assets and proofs of their existence would bave been found, meking all st:bae- quent examinations comparatively easy.’ ALBERT A, BUSS, DEFAULTING TREASURER NO. 1, ‘The inability of Mr. Bues, (who was State Treasurer for two terms, from March, 1847, to January, 1852,) to pay to his succerzor the amount supposed to be due, ied to official inquiries, which were met by Mr. Bresiin, to whom tho) were directed, by “tan unfortunate attempt at coaceal ment.” Of subscquent developments the public are now informed. It appears that Biss was poor when he took ‘the office, and that his sureties were parties with whom he had pe personal acquaintance, but who backed him in order to profit by bis personal obligation to them, in order to make use of the public mouey. These gentlemen, eight in number, were, with one exception, residents of the city of Columbus. Ono of these surcties was president of the Clinton Bank of Columbus, who swears he became se- curity in order to reap the benefit of the doposits, and it appears that the Treasury was a source of proiit to various banks and bavkere for many years, Mr. Bliss states, in bis testimony, that at the time his in accounts were made up, he found a deliciency for which he was unable to account, and attributed it to ‘wrong en tries in the books, or the loss of ct known to me.” Tae committee says: “We have adopted geverai methods of determining the amount cue from Mr. Bliss to Mr. Bresiin, all of which produced substentiaily the game result. The fact that no ‘provizion was made by law for a full and perfect adju ‘ment of all accounts, doth in the Treasurer's and Auditor offices, at the close of the official term of either or both, has tended much, by the absence of proper checks, to pro duce the defalcation, and now renders it exceedingly dit- ficult to arrive at a satiefactory or truthful result. The Auditor had no official knowledge of the settlement by one ‘Treasurer with another. The accounts in his office were, in fact, with the ‘Treasurer of State,’ although in form with the individual Treasurer, and continued from one fiscal year to another, intermediate balances by the Treasurers not being recognized, and the accounts not verified until ithe end of the ora at « The testimony of W. G. Deshler, Mr. Moodie, D. W. Desh- ier and Thomas Heaton shows that Mr. Bliss was the re. jpient of interest on his deposits of funds of the treasury, it does not appear that he ever accounted to the State any portion of it. The amount he received it is im. ‘ible to ascertain. ‘Mr. Heaton testifics that Mr. Bliss kept a ruvning ac- ant with the bank in hig name as Treasurer of State, weraging from $70,000 to $80,000; that in 1861 $30,000 of amount standing to his credit was diverted from his icial account and invested in the stock of the bank; that gave his check on his official account for the $3,000, a received two certiticates in the names of two of his sends in the northern part of the State; that during the he held the stock he received dividends upon it, and it was afterwards re-transferred to John P. Reauor. ence more conclusive could not be required that this },000 of stock was purchased with moneys belonging to treasury, and which were not refunded until near or F the expiration of his term of office. £0 various aro the modes of concealment resorted to by ks, of the payment of interest in such cases, or of any pther iJiegal transaction, that it is enly by accident that rhe casi miner can obtain any clue wo its extent, or en a fraction of the amount, Unquestionably, large ma, for interest, were received by Mr. Plies from vari- sources, of which no definite iatelligence can ever h the public. Shortly after Mr. Blias became treasu- , be commenced Fearne and speculating in real te in and near the city of Columbus. ‘Near the expiration of Bliss’ term of office, he seems to we made an ment with his successor, John G. hin some way un eelin, for the ‘adjustment of balances.” ‘The com- ission has ascertained that the amount which should ve been paid in cash to Breslin wos $804,345. Breslin, his report to tho Sonate, states that he received 246,576. The report says: “One of the inexplicable circumstances in the settle. t between these gentlemen is, that no paper or memo- dum, or statement or receipt is found, or known to xist, exhib-ting any mutually satistuctory evicence of the ner Of Rettlement,, or of the amount ascertained to be ue, or of the money actually paid. ‘Mr. Breslin, at the time of his settlement with Mr. 88, received from him a certificate of deposit of W. E. Wttenden, banker, New York, for $48,464 74, as money, hich was in violation of law and of every just ruie of rial wena and either by his own remissness or by ailvico of Mr, Bligs, the larger portion of it was lost the State, | Tn our o} is bum was not, in fact, Hable to Mr. Bliss ag money when he songht to tran it to Breslin, aud hence his solicitation that it shou permitted to remain undisturbed in Mr. Chittenden’s 8 until the July following. Tnducemonts to withhold mand were undoubtedly hala out to Mr. irestin, not loeed in the testimony, for, unfortunately for’ the tation of these men, a8 well aa for the interests of tho , they are unwilling witnesses. As this never was a ey by Mr. Dias to the State Treasury, or feasurer even, we cannot mo what rulo Jaw, or by what principie of justice, he or his sureties isobi ir liability for the payment of $40,000. JOHN G. UREN, DRFAULTING TREASURER #0. 2. With regard to the transaovions of Mr. in, the ohie” ybject of inquiry, the committes believe ‘tho testimony Ken “will aitelose guch facts and elroumstanoos ast polnt wn unerring eortainty in the direction from which a e full and pérfest developement mudt coma. The pal, and a part of she confederates 2 concealment can much long subsienmialiy confirm the hk y ° ruined man, he is now a fugitive from the State.” The condition of the Treasury management was much the eame under this gentleman’s administration as under that of Bliss. The report says of Breslin’s previous char- acter, that it bad fallen to the lot of few young men in the State to attain the prominent and infinential position occu- pied by him previous to bis election as Treasurer of State. He bad been Speaker of the House of Representatives up- on his first election to it; and no man, however ambitions, could have desired @ brighter fature than that before bin. Besides the gross violation of official duty on the part of Mr. Breslin, on his agreement to conceal the defalcation of Mr, Bliss, he still further aggravated it by permitting the sureties to give their checks for $65,000, payable in two. years, without interest. ‘The report details the financial operations of Breslin; his connection with the Akron Branch Kailroad loan, the City Bank of Cincinnati, the Central Bank of Indianapolis, the firm of W. W. Cones & Co., and numerous ‘outside operations,” by neariy all of which the State was a loser, Breslin having employed the State finances for bis finan- cial schemes. The Commissioners also state that tho pro- positions were made to them, on behalf of Breslin, having in view his return to Ohio, before ths commierion, to give his testimony in relation to the de- falcation, Upou consultation with the Attorney General, it was deemed advisable to make the effort to procure nr. Breslin’s attendance, and one of the commission went to Canada, whither Breslin had fied, in the expectation that he would immediately return to Ohio; but on the pre sentation of the papers to him he peremptorily declined to return, / ‘The following is an extract from his statement touching Chittenden:— While preparing to go to New York, in pursuance of this and other business, intelligence reached public of Mr. Chittenden’s failure. I therefore proceeded at once to New York, to secure payment, if possible, of his indebt- nees tome. When T arrived at Mr. Chittenden’s office I fonnd a number of persons there, with none of whom I was acquainted except Mr, Bliss. {at once inquired of him as to the extent of the failure, the losscs, liabilities, &c , and’also a8 to my own danger of loss. An arrange- ment was made for a me between Mr. Chittenden, my attorney and myself (at which, my impression is, Mr. Bhes was present), with a view to @ settlement. The balance then due me was, my impression is, $35,000, for which Mr. Chittenden protested he could give me no bet- ter security than the following: Note of Robert J. Walker. $5,302 15 Note of E. Peck, New York, 3,000 Note of J. B. Dee, Jameevilie, Wisconsin. 4,000 00 Note of A. Hyatt Smith, Jamesville, Wisconsin .. 5,000 00 Do. do, do. do. do, 5,302 15 Note of J. P, Eastman, Chicago... 5,302 15 Draft of J. G. Campion, J. P. Reznor. 5,000 00 Note of J, E, Beobe...........seeee 00 After the maturing of ‘these ‘notes, none having been paid, and they adding nothing to the probability of im- provement in their value, I proceeded to sne such of the parties ag ecemed indifferent to the payment of their obli- & gations. Mr. Peck, banker, insurance agent, &c., whom I understcod to be abundantly able to pay when 1 took his note, failed, and was then generally understood to be hopelessly insolvent, but willing to apply his asets to the Jiquidation of his indebtedness. Considering his note ut- terly worthlevs,I accepted the same securities which I learned other creditors were willing to receive, and sur- rendered his note for sixty-one shares of the Chicago, St. Pav) and Yond du lac,Ruilroad, herewith handed to the At- torney General. Mir. Robert J. Walker declaring his inability to pay bis note, and learning that with moneyed men the same was considered to be of very doubtful value, I received from him, in lieu of his note, through an agent, $7,000 of the stock of the Chicago Land Company—the certificate for which I shall as speedily as poesible place in the posses- sion of the Attorney General. In the course of his operations Breslin connected him- aclf with the Kana*ha Bank, of Virginia, and the Com- mercial Bank of Toledo; in ‘both these ‘transactions he tried to swindle the State pretty extensively. The pur- chase of the Farmers’ and Mechanics’ Bank of Greens- boro’, in Maryland, involving the use of $16,000 or # yoo ip money, was mage by Breslin after he went out of Gitica, Not aloné in Maryland, Virginia, Ohio aud Indiana was Mr. Breslin contert to invest the idle funds of the State. Activity wos the life of business with him. In conjunc- tion with Joun G, Carp and Charles L. Johnson, therenp- on ho éstablighed the Elkhart County Bank, at Goshen, In- diana. The history of the Elkhart Bank shows the infamons munner in which “ wild cat banking” was carried on in every part of Indiana. But-m small advance of money was necessary; it was only requisite that the State Treasurer should lend temporary means for the par- chage of State stocks end ultimate + protection” to the rags, $100,000 North Carolina bonds were bought tbrovgh Attwood and Co., and $100,000 more throngh Corning & Co., New York, and altogether about $400,000 were obtained, consisting of Indiana 2% per cent, aod North Carolina, Virginia and Louisiana boade, and abont $20,000 of Obio bonas. Neither Jotuson, Camp, or th> bank were ever located at Goshen. Breslin ackpowlecges he tas yet under his control and in the bands of three partios, whom. he declines to name, $200,000 of the abstracted moneys As this sum is not in money, if a proper watchfalness is obsorved, it cn in part be obtained; tor it is irapossible for Mr. Brestin and # three parties 10 close all the doors of observation and discovery. ‘This portion of the report this concludes: — “Such was the seeret and confidential nature of his move. ments that they seem to defy serutiay. Inthe hands or under the contro! of three parties only, he admits te has concealed about $200,000 of the kuown defalcation, the a which implicates Mr. Gib- con fs of diffien!t solution, yet “the testimony taken, in. cluding Mr. Gibson’s own, convicts him (say the commit. AS amaccessory und priveipal.”? “Tne books and papers of the office show that $856,- 853 37 were to have been pasted from the bands of ove treasurer to another; and yet no clerk in the office, nor any human being outside of it, must see a dollar, or even its representative, or he permitted wo know anything of the conduct of these treasurers, who were engaged in an officia! and not a private rettlement. With the knowledge that this large amount was due to the State frem his prececessor, and that to him alone could it be legally paid, and that to him a’oue, as the sworn guardian of the fands of the treasury, nod'respon- sible for their payment and security, the people would look, Mr, Gibeon, a8 he says, receives from Mr. Breslin but $368,805 84,'and then never asks for the balance, or makes inquiry of what it consists, or where deposited, or whether diverted and lost, or what had be come of it, but mt once takes every step, in conjunction with Mr. Breslin, to couceal from the per authorities, as well as the public, all knowledge in relation to it. He says Breslin never informed him of any of his losses, and that he had not the slightest susp\- cion that anything was wrong; that between his election and the time he entered upon the duties of his office, no communication was made to him of any kind, which mado him think or even suspect that he was to aid Breslin in any manner in carrying any deficit in his fonds, or that there would be any difficulty in bis closing his accounts and paying over any balance found due, except the amounts of the suapended debis of the City Bink of Cin- cinpati, Commercial Bank of Toledo, and W. W. Cones & Co., and DP, Beckel—-$204,636 65—wbich had been stated by Breslin, in hig last annual report, as enapended or lost. He says be knew there were outstandtny certificates is- sued by Brestin 10 the county treasurers amounting to $760,715 70, included in the sum of $855,853 37, above stated, which ke was bound to receive as cash on their final settiement, and for which Breslin was liable to the State; and yet be ‘lemanded no explanations from tim epon. the subject, nor did he seek any from other sources, While he has repeatedly, in the most solemn offictal form, re- leare’ Mr. Bresiia from ali responsibility for it, and ac- knowledged the receipt in full of al! moneys shown to be doe ‘rom him, he has sworn that he received only a party and referred to his receipts and the acknowledgments of his predecessor to sustain bim, ¢ teetimony ot Goyernor Ford as to Gibson's confes- sion of investing with Breslin $100,000 in Western lands, is worthy of especial attention, as it proves conclusively an existing connection between Gibson and Rres!in for their mutual protection. If an investment of this charac: ter basin fact been made, it was prob bly with moneys taken from ihe Tieagury umtedly, either iramediately be- fore or after Gibson became Treasurer. Gibson was a resident of Tiffin in Seneca county; was attorney-at-law from 1844 to 1865; President of tho Tittin and Fort Wayne Railroad Company from 1853 to 1855; the President of the Seneca County Bank from 1854 to 1855, and was Treasurer of the State from January 14, 1856, to June 13, 1867. He was brother in-law of Mr. Breslin—~a resident in the Fame town—and aithongh differing in poli- tics, they were confidentially intimate in ali their rela- tions, A mutuality of interests and desires for success in business, and otherwise, bad cemented their relations w a degree not uevally found to exist: Mr. Gibson was 9 bold and unscrupulous adventarer in bei ut previous to the election of Mr. Breslia ax , in 1861, had not reached any high point of sue: cers, cither in his foances or in his profession. Witaeases who bad known him intimately for years, testified that at the time of Mr, Breslin’s election, be was possersed of but little property, one of them fixing it as low as $5,000. An- other, who had known him for twonty years, did not know of his owning any real estate outside of his father’s farm, Yet this man, in a single year, reems to have risen to the estate of a financial prince. We hear of bim as Pre. sident of the ‘Tiflin and Fort Wayne Railroad Company,” organized Noy. 2, 1853, and as a stockholder in the com pany to the extent of $30,000. Shortly after Breslin be- came Treafuror of State, it would teem Gibson comnected himself with him and shared the spoils, Hand in hand, theee interesting brother-in-law savested in lands, bagk and railroad stocks, and, in fact, in everything likely to good dividends. HOW THE FRAUD RXVLODED—THe OM10 LIVE INSURANCE ARD ‘TRUET COMPANY, When Gibson became Treasurer himsoW, he felt bound to keep the operation af his gplative a secret. He and bios worked together to meet the interest on the Stato c! nd conceal the rascality. of witch bow had been i gully ‘The object was, undoubtedly, to realize investments to meet the demands of eo. VU anasely, however, in many of thetr lations, bo ag, ‘was destined come to the light. Like madmen, they ruahed to New York by 4 ce resorted to the mort d meane to meet the interest due in July, 1856, tried to rm money at various banks, and faded, borrowed John Thompeon $60,000 on rip of domestic bonds asa heavy shave. Bank of i Republic refused to discount these segurities for Thom 1) When he got alarmed, and demandéd back his check from Gibson & Breslin.’ The whole matter then exploded, Tho treasurer was only ablo § pry $260,000 for $490,000 Mhtgreet to the cashier of the the nees and mit ement which characterized that mosh goanera: whew, leskig sight of the sound rules action by which it was originally guided, at “measured success in banking by the degree to w! credit is used, limited only by the ability to borrow,”? THE ALLEGED WIFE POISONING. Court of Oyer and Terminer. Before Hon. Judge Roosevelt. SIXTH DAY. MancHt 12.—The People vs. James Stephens.—At the assembling of the Court this morning Dr, William Datmold ‘Was recalled and asked by Mr. Sedgwick of what disease, if any, are the following symptoms indicative. Counsel for prisoner objected, and the Court said his own individual opinion was to admit the evidence, but he had been admonished by other decisions not to admit this testimony. ‘The witness then described the pain felt by person Poisoned by arsenic to be a flery pain from the pit of the stomach, extending upwards, with a sore mouth and lips, and extending downwards to the orilice of the anus, £0 a8 to make the evacuation painful. In cases where death follows ina few days after a largo dose being taken, the eyes might either have a wild, brilliant appearance, or be sunk deeply in the head, 4” and frequently injected with blood; but in cases which ‘were not eo immediately fatal, and where death occurred in a week or two after repeated doses, the eyes wore apt to be swollen; in the slower cases there is frequently ede- matous swelling of the lids with pain in the eyes; at first the eolor of the vomited matter would depen’ much on the contents of the stomach, but after the gtomich was emp- tied then the coor would depend on the secretions, and the ejected massea would be yollow, with spots er streaks of blood; if there were a great deal of blood it might be Much darker; the vomited matter might at times be of the color of coffee grounds; the patients are fr quently exceedingly restless, tossing their arms and hands avout; very frequently there is numbness and loss of gen- sation, also paralysis or convulsive twitchings, showing that the nerves are affected; the manner of death varies according to the quantity taken; in most cases it ovours under collapse (cold, her skin, weak pulse, &&.); ot times there is great lethargy when death ap- preaches ; great prostration is noticeable riuey the whole course of the disease; laudanum pro- duced Growsiness and 2 contraction of the pupil, which in large doses becomes emaller; the patient be: comes drowey, and before death gets into convulsions together with coma; tho respiration is very slow and enoring, @ loud breathing that can be heurd; when medi- cal men give over two drachins at a time, it is an excep- ticnal cage; three anda half ounces between 9 A. M. and 7P. M., would certainly be a colozsa! dose; when arsenic is taken in successive emal! doges it will accumulate in the body more yor than it would be thrown out again; it ia removed chiefly by the kidneys, nnd begins about the Joins; but within twenty-four hours after the firat dose there was reason to suppose that such removal goos on until the whole of the arsenic leaves the system, provided no new doses are introduced; arsenic would be eliminated more rapidly where the blood and all tho functions _per- formed their active dutics than whon they move slowly; the dose thus euppozed must be a very small one; 1-16th of a grain it is difficu't to find minute particles, but in three days the witness does not believe that any could be found after one dose. A dose of arsenic begina with 1-16th ef a grain, which would be given only twice a day, and then the patient would be watched for poisonous symptome, which occur eometimes after such doses, and then it would cease to be medicinal, The effects of me- Gicinal doses of arsenic ore slow, and those of lauda- pum very rapid--so thit if a Cose of arsenic end Jaudanom be given at the same time, the laudanum would be mainly noticed, whic in larger doses of cach 't would be directly the reverse, and the doses of arsenic woald be but elightly influenced by the landanum, which would in a measure relieve the pains, and partially stop the vouilting and diarrbaza, buy all Uhese would be over- powered by the arsenic; the post mor: ppoarances of a case of arsenical poisoning are av first negative; thus if death occurred rapidly and a rent were found’ ia the stomach, they would Mot go farther and susp2ct poigon- ing; they generally find a siignt inflammation extending through ‘the intestines from the mouth to the agua, with bluck patches vader the mucus membrane which ‘could 10t be washed off; there might be abrasion of the skim in the intestines; in looking at thege epow or patches by the microscope, probably blood would be found; bad not much experience in “ap } matters, but arsenic is a preventative of putrefactiou; ina great maay cages when a body poisoned is exkumed the body is found jo a state of good preervation; the non existence o* those post mortem appearances described would prove notaiag, but their existance would be proof positive; wituess took bis degree at Cottengen, in Germany, ‘To the Court—The enppreesion of the mrine would make the arsenic more rapidly fatal. ‘e Barker examined by Mr. Sedgwick, e at 70 Union piace; Tam professor of pases of women in New York Medical +8 went on to describe the symptoms be voraiting, nausea, a burning in only catied by the patients ‘a ball exiending over the whole of the abdo: 0 rker gave testimony similee to that of Dr. Detmoid as to the symptoms and ellects of poisoning by argenie acid. Dr. Benjamip W. Macready resides at No. 8 Ninth streot; is one of the visiting physicians of Bellevue; as professor of icxicology he gave lectures oa the subject of poisoaing by areenlo; the witness detafled the symptoms which are mapvested in a person suffering under he # of poi- s0n; the testimony was, in eflect, similar to that of the other tedical witnesses. After a recess of ten minutes the examination was con- tinued, when Mr. Sedgwick stated that the prisoner was abs ‘The Court oruered him to be sent for, and on his appearing the Doctor proceeded with his testimony. Q. What would be the effect upon the human system of three ounces of Jandanum administered betwoen a period of ten hours? (Objected to aad allowed.) a. The effect of that amount of Jaudanum on ninety-nine persons oat of a hundred would be that the pulse would become slow, and in most cases the dese would be sufficient to’ produce death, and a drowsi- ness, out of whi it would be difficult to awaken the patient; pat suffering from lockjaw, hydropho- bia, &c.; wherever there is acute pain, Violent purging and certain diseases of the nervous system, lorge doses of laudenum can be borne; never kuew 07a sinzic disease or acombination of diseases which would produce the ymploms named in the present caso; arsenic is not a vatural constituent of the human system, cither before or er death; J would call a goisonovs dose of arsenic one ; it would produce unpleasant effects; there was cvi- dence of @ case where two grains had produced death. Alanson 8. Jones, physician, gave similar testimony as to the symptoms on a patient under the effects of poison; be also added that the digeaso most resembling poisoning by areenic ts Asiatic cholera; there was no Asiatic cholera in this city im 1867; the discbarges are never accompa- nied with blood im Asiat'c cholera; it does occasionally accompany tho discharge in cases of poisoning; in cholic the paln is relieved by pressure, in poisoning it is increas- ed by ppremsuze. Q. If you found in a human body two grains of arsenic, would you say that @ greater amount had been adminis- tered? A. Jn my judgment there can he no doubt of that; a larger amount must have been introduced into the ays. tem, because arrenic produces voraiting, and more or fess must be thrown off. After some consultation between the Court and counzel, Mr, Cushing stated that the defence intended to coutrovert the and chemical testimony given for tho peop'e. Keward Downes Connery, examined by Mr. Shaffer, de- posed that he isa physician, and received his degree in the Medical College of New York; was Coroner af this city for the three years preceding the let of January last; heli an inquest on body of Mre. Sophia Stephens; first saw the body at Greenwood Cemetery, where it was identified by the Misses Beil under an oath administered by the wit- ness, Mr. Asbmead did wot consider that this testimony as to the admi jon of an oath wag necessary. Mr. Shaffer suid that Dr. Connery was Known to have performed hie duty well when in office, and t haye dono notbing more, ‘onnery—I believe there is not much doubt of that. ‘The witness then detailed the circum: tanoos of his giving up the body tothe chirge of Dr. Wood and theother Ly é tbe threat, of fre, yFiclans at Bellevue Hospital. Me ross-examined by Mm Cushing—Cannot remember where Stephens was when the body was exhumed; I recollect thatl brought him in a carriage from the Tombs to the inquest; be was not at Greenwood; he asked me to ree the body, but I considered that Jurisdict ton over it had ceased when I gave it upto the doctors; I never gaid to a policeman that I would gee that ho should haye an opportonity of viewing his wife’s remains. By Mr. Oushing—Do you recollect me? A. Ido very materially (Inughter); the prisoner gave me the namos of four witnesses whom he desired to be examined at the inquest; I summoned them all; three of them appeat but one from Brooklyn did not '; Thad conversations with yourrelf and 3 ‘isoner was present twice at the Coroner's inquest; I did not bring him there to be identified, but in order that ho might hear the testi. mony against him; I never sai it Was necessary for the cause of serence or for Teputation that arsonic: thouid be found in tho body; saw a portion of the body in Dr. Doremus’ house; was present at the carbonization of the musoular and other tiesues; they might all be phy- sicians, bat although an older man than Dr, Doremur, there were some things cone by him which he (witness) took a pleasure and a delight in observing, ‘The Court then adjourned to Monday at ten o'clock, War Department has mitre soto ane . P. ), © assem! it Phfadelphia, ivemda, om Friday, tho Ist day of emtoeuh of ‘anoint Bufgeons for promotion, Trad of wnch‘eandidates for appointment to the merfical ‘shit as be invited to it themselves. Assistant Surgeon ©. H. Crnne is Reoorder of the Board, Mxpicat, Boarp.—The ordered a board of med ©, A. Finley, J. M. Ou; Tor Fare or Mus, Hawvuxa.—Thore is much speculation abroad as te what course Governor Morgan will parave with to this unfortunate woman, Many think thet his Exeeil Will feal caltod upon to commute her sengence because sho is a y but we think that whatever hopes are based upon this sitople founda. tion will bo diewppointed.—A}vany .Argw:, Mareh 11 PRICE TWO CENTS. CITY CHURCHES. J. Sawyer, D. D., pastor of the Unfversaliat Orchard street, near Broome, will preach this evening. Tho subject will be— Mou bor as thyself.” pamy, D. D., and several friends of direct special attention tothe gross idolatry }, And answer objections, in Spring streak Boring strecc, this evening, street Presbyterian church, corner of the sermon this evening will be delivered Addison Aiexander, D. D., of Primeeton 'y- Preaching by the pastor, Rev. }, im the morning and evening. on will preach in the Sixth Universalict fourth street, this morning, and Mrs, the afternoon, A. Corey will preach in the Righteenth street Baptistochurch, one door west of Fifth avenue, this anes 1d in the evening. Rey. G. Dickson, the pastor, will preach this morning apd evening in the Protestant Episcopal Mission chureh, Olinton Hall, Astor place. Divine sérvice will be held, as usual, this morning and afternoon, in the North Dutch church, corner of William and Fulte stroets. Public worship will be held in the New Jerusalem ghurch (Swedeuborgian), at Lyrique Hall, 765 Broadway, this morning. "The services heretofore held ia the City Assembly Rooms, will in future take place im Nibio’s concert room, Broadway and Prince street, Rev. A.C. Montgomery, reotor of the Church of the Lacarnation, will preach there this evening. No service will take place at the National theatre this evening. Rey. Edward Anthony, assistant rector of St. Mark’s church, will preach this evening, in the Memorial church, corner of Hammond street and Waverley place. Services will be held this evening in Lamartine Hall, corner of Twenty-ninth street and Eighth avenue. Tue sermon will be delivered by Rev. Silas Jones. Rey. George Hubble, of Brooklyn, will preach this morn- ing in the John street First Methodist Episcopal church. Rey. Charles F. Harris, the pastor, will preach in the evening. Dr. Armitage, pastor of thé Norfolk street Baptist church, will preach in Trenor’s Academy, Thirty-fourth street, one door west of Broadway, this afternoon. A discourse on the practicability of overthrowing and abolishing the sin of slavery by the Word of God, and the responsibility of the church and ministry for the work, will be preached by the Rov. Dr. Cheever, in the Caurch of the Puritans, Union square, this evening. Rey, Mathew Hale Smith will preach at the Cooper In- stitute this evening. In the Bleecker street Universalist church, corner of Bleecker and Downing streets, Rev. G. H. Emerson, editor of the Universalist Quarterly, will preach this morning and evening. Rey. Henry J. Van Dyke will preach at the Academy of Music this even ing. The Methodist Episcopal church on Thirty-seventh street, east of Third avenue, will be opened witb appro- priate dedicatory services to-day. Preaching by Rev John Kennaday,D. D., in the morning, by Rev. Tho- mas Dewitt, D, D., in the afternoon, and in the evening by Rey. James Porter, D. D. ORDINATION. On Sanday morning last, the Right Rev. the Provisional Bishop of the Diocess, beid an ordination at St, George chapel, corner of Cliffand Beekman streets, when the Rev. Nathan F, Whitiog was ordained priest. . INVITATIONS. The Brick church congregation of thia city have invited Rev. Wm. J. Hoge, Professor in the Union Theological Seminary , to assist the Rey. Gardiner Spring. Hon. L. J. Fletcher bas been invited to preach for the in_the Second Universalist church in Mr, F. was pastor of this church in 1846, of the Third Universalist Society, wor- g in the lioase now occupied by the Central Metho- dist Society. Mr, Abbott E. Kittredge, of Andover, has xccepted a call to become the pastor of the Winthrop church of Charlestown, Masa. Rey. Mr, Wileox, of Lawrence, Mass., has been onani- mously pastoral charge of the Second Con- gregational church of New Loadon. St. Paul’s church, Roston, has voted to extend an invi torion to the Rey. Dr. Nicholson, rector of St. John’ church, Cineiunat!, to become rector of St. Paul’s church Mr. Nathaniel L. Uphara,a member of the Jast claes at Andover, hus reeelved a call to become the pastor of the Congregational church in Manchester, Vi. Rev. &. K. Lamb, of Delaware, Ohio, haa received and accepted a unanimous ex'i to become pastor of the New School Presbyterian church. in Roseville, Muskingum county, Ohio, over which church he will be installed in the early part of April next, INSTALLATIONS. Rey. F. de W, Ward was installed pastor of the Contral Presbyterian church, Geneseo, N. Y., by the Geneseo River Presbytery, on'the 16th ult, ‘The installation of Rev. Mr. Terhune, as pastor of the First Reformed Dutch chureh in Newark, N. J., took place on the 10th inst. of Ball, In BESIGNATION. Rev. Dr. Bethune bas resigned the pastoral charge of the Reformed Dutch church, Brooklyn Heighvs, on account of continued il! health,and with his family has sailed for sovthern Europe. Rev, 8. . Cox, D.D., has supplied the pulpit for eeveral Sabbaths, and ig expected to preach for them one Sabbath more before returning home. NEW CHURCHES. An arrangement has been mado by Dr. A.’s congre- gation to purchase the interest of tho Baptist congregation on Fifty third street, near Eighth avenue. For the pre- sent the property connected with this church ig in litigation. Rev. Dr. Bellows’ church (All Souls) will make arrange- ments to open a place of worship up town. Dr. Bellows’ congregation will give up their present place of worship; but as many of the Unitarian families have gone up town, it is proposed to open a place of worship for their accom: modation. Rev. Mr. Chapin’s congregation proposes to bulld a new houge of worship. Trinity church is moving in the same direction, and pro- pores to have an elegant house of worship to meet the wants of that wealliy and extensive parish. The Coliesiate church bas purchased lots also in the up- Per part of the city, ‘The Fiftieth street Presbyterian church have secured the servicesof Rev. Mathew Hale Smith. A new honse will be at once erected, capable of hoiding two tuousand People. The trostecs of Rey. Dr. Chapin’s church , Broadway, near Spring etreet, contemplate selling their present handsome building, and erecting up town a new church edifice that will accommodate the overflowing congregation. 4 meet- ing of the members will take place this week to discuss the propriety of the proposed removal. It is buta fow years ago (iat this society removed from Murray street. ‘The Reformed Dutch Classis of Orange county, N. Y., Iately organized two new churches among the German emigrants of Sullivan coanty. Over $5,000 have been subscribed at York, Pa., to erect anew Lutiorau eburch, The new Methodist Episcopal church on Haines street, Germantown, Pa, will be dedicated to-day. MISOBLLANEOUS, ‘The society so long worshipping in the Federal street church, Boston, Rey. Dr, Gaanett pastor, have leased the Freeman place church, Beacon street. They will remove to their now quarters about the Ist of June. ‘Tho Baltimore East Methodist Episcopal Conference have non-eoncurred in the resolutions of the Cincinnati Confo- renco, proposing non slaveholding ag a test of member- ship ih the church, and the Oregon resolutions in favor of admitting laymom to ® ehare in the government of the eburch. In Lexington, Mo., on the 27th alt., Rev. Mr. Warder preached a sermon at tho Raptist church, expressly do- Signed for the colored population, and at the conclasion of it some seventy negroes went forward to be prayed for, Monday night some sixty went forward, ‘The Gospel Banner gives tho following:—The Univer- salist Herald gives an account of a preacher out South who bas left the Reptists and joined us—our brother Kendrick—who says he tried nine years, as a Baptist preached fifteen years trying to keep hell’ ou peo: te. ‘He has got a hard task before him. ; Rev. Thomas Whittemore tells a story of his baving at- tended church recently to hear an eminent divine, and the subject of the ‘a children of the devil.” He attended the samo church in the afternoon, when the text was, “Children, obey your parente.”” One of Texas’ distis who has figured jahed citizens, name not given, in publio life, ‘first as a lawyer, Then as © soldier ta. the and Tudian Wars? and then as @ leading has the followmg related of hint in ® sketch of his Ite in the Now Orleans Christian Advocate :—He had been Pat up by his ‘ty in 1867 to succeed Gon, Houston in the United States hae, but, feeling called to tie ministry, distrusting his own ability to resist she ‘of Washington life, was unwilling to accept the nomination. He laid the case bofere hie wife, leaving t* her the choice bet the United States Senate and destruction to bis morals, ani! the pulpit and salvation, Taking the letters and papers from ell parts of the State, giving him assurance of elee: tion to the United States Senate, he wont to his wife and sald -—* Tecan goto the United States Renate. Here ore the evidences, if you wish it, Twill go, Bat if T go, ie my doom, IT small die ard as certun sal roto Washitgion. Tean yet po, IT pace this point, Ts gan, Tcse enter the ministry, wisi Cult to Bo o plied, weeping, that she conla pot see the reason why coula not be a great man and a Christian prayerful refiection, he would not incur ponsibility of deciding against his conscience, and told. ‘to g0 into the itineracy, and she would go the astonishscent of the whole State, a let im appeared in the papers, just before’the meeting of the Legislature, declining the office, and announcing his retire- ment from potitical hfe. The next thing that was beard of him he waz preac! — Our San Francisco Correspondence. San Francisco, Feb. 11, 1859. The steamship Golden Age ig announced to leave thig city for Panama, with the Atlantic mails, on Saturday, the 19th inst., instead of the 2ist, as bas been the custom heretofore when the 20th comes on Sunday. The overland mail from St. Louis arrived in this city this morning, at five o'clock. We have received dates to January 17, Oreon A. Reynolds hag applied for the benoit of the Insolvent act. His liabilities are $40,000. J. W. Downer and Danforth Whiting have been dis- charged from their debts in Shasta county. ‘The District Court in Snasta county has granted a de- cree diseolving the bonds of matrimony existing between J. H. Robinson and Susan Robinson. “A final decree was entered a few days since in favor of John Wood, in the ca instituted against him by his wife to obtain a decreo divorce. The Legisiature bas been mainly employed for the last en with the discussion of questions pertaining to land les. Ff zou City Intelligence. Srrma Wratuxk, Traps, &c.—Yeaterday was an un- usually fine day; the atmosphere was warm, the sun bright, and the condition of the streets—-the sidewalks— unexceptionable. Tho great thoroughfare, Broadway, was thronged throughout the entire day with the old and young, the grave and gay—gome hurrying along on busi- ness, and others, the fashionable and gay, were dressed with the newest styles of garments. The ladics, of course, composed the largest part of the throng on the “upper ten”? side of Broadway. The carriage ways were filled with gay carriage equipages, attended by liveried servants, with all conceivable varictics of cockades and coats, and even the wearers appeared to {regard the busy and gay scene with as much interest and pleasure as their lordly masters or mistresses, ani it was observable on more than one occasion that the foot man, “Sambo” or ‘Patrick, as the case might be, was more than usually attentive and polite when the mistress would alight from the carriage. The mechanic, the shop girl and the poor laborer, in golog to or coming from their several purguita, appeared vo trip along with unugual buoyancy, caused, no doubt, by the plcas- ing proepect being released from the grasp of a seaton which causes much penury and want. The 1g mercantile trade is progressing with briakness; merchants from all of the country crowd our ho- tels to overflowing. All our large wholesale houses have all the business they can attend to; and, in many iu- stances, extra labor is required from the clerks and por- ters, assisted by additional belp engaged for the busy season, to facilitate and despatch the demanvs of trade. The Hudson—tho beautiful Hudson—wi!l soon be free from ice, and then the river palaces and other steam craft will resume their accustomed trips. The scene yes- terday among this kind of craft along our docks was plea- sant and refreshing to the beholder; the large number of steamboats, neatly painted from stem to stern, with flags flying as if to bail the advent of epring, appeared to some as if they were ready to depart ou their several routes, At this time of the year the ladies ere rather inclined to be fidgetty as to what course they will puraue during the approaching moving season, One ‘don’t jike her land- lord,” and another thinks her present habitation ‘too sbabby,” and a third “gomehow or other don’t like the Jocation ;’ and thus the dear creatures have their likes and distikes upon every conceivable point. Mrs. G. she has got ‘entirely disgusted with the frivolities and vices of city iife, and has leazed a beautiful residence on the Hudson, where she intends spending the rest of her days in a sort of ascmi-secluded manner, in studyiug literature, flue arts, alternated with aboriculture or lorticuitare, Thus ‘we goon, ever changing—ever moving from place to place. AB the first of May approaches in each succeeding year, the ladies, dear creatures, have new domestic complaints and new remedies to cuggest. Their devoted lords, who have to bear and face the brunt of these domestic wars and changes, and whose braius are over active in devising new schemes, solving new problems or pulling wires io get the “wherewithal” to face the music, bears these “‘htle’’ fancies of the women with as inach patience and good feeling as possible. Thus we go, from year to year; as new generations grow up they soon {all into the follies, the fancies and the frailties of their aneestora, and ihe same degire for change ts ever exhibited. First Siap,—Two fine shad, the first m our waters this season, Were canght on Friday evenmg by Ueorge Smck, of Staten Island. Mrs. Sickues,—This lady reached this city on Friday, from Washingtor, in company with her litte clild, and left town yesterday for her home in the suburbs of tho city. Those that have conversed with this unfor woman speak confidently of her entire penitenc: jate conduct, and of the intense agony of mina exiii by ber at the unfortunate position of her husband. ‘Coronges’ OFrice.—Coroner Jackman held an aate- mortem examination yesterday in the case of Mra. Anve Carroll, of No. 276 Houston street, who was accidentally shot by her fon on Friday night. The evidence» elicited on thé examination went to show tbat the matter was purely accidental, and the jury rendered a verdict to that effect. The injured woman is notso badly wounded as was reported. The ball did not penetrate to any deptn, bot merely passed around the body undernvath the skin. Coroner Schirmer held an inquest upon the body of Catherine Ettinger, the German wotnan who lied from the effects of injuries uccidentally received by the expio. sion of a campbene lamp at No. 231 Centre street, on ‘Thursday night. Verdict: “Accidental death.” A num- ber of other cases were reported, but they were ueither interesting or important in their nature. Courzamrs Dismressp.—Mr. F. Gein, Jr., of No. 335 Broadway, writes to us in reference to the late charge of grand larceny preferred against him by Mr. Bianchard, and says:— In your paper of yesterday, under the head of city news, I eaw my name connected with atruak affair, in which you say that I was unlucky enough to fall into the hands of Sergeant Dickson, and not boing able to satis. factorily answer for the be I bid tocked up in the ‘Tombs—which is basely and mali false, as | was only brought before a magistrate, at the ‘of Mr. A. R. Blanchard, who, I presume, found it more convenient to make an affidavit than to pay the reward—after Thad taken the pains to write him a note, informing him where he would fee mo and Pd some information as to the whereabouts of it. On having expiained the matter before the Judge, he decided that the said Blanchard py me five dollars reward, and threo dollars expenses I ‘been to for the removal and safe keeping of the trunk, and I was honorably discharged.” Policeman Nathanicl R, Mills, against whom a charge of extortion was trade, re. quests us to say that the complaint bas been dismissed, and that be has been honorably acquitted from all blame in the matter. ‘Mass Meetine or Pianororrs Makers.— A mass meeting of pianoforte makers took place last evening at 281 Grand street. About two hundred workmen were present, the greater part of them being Germans. F. Gillman was chosen chairman, and he said, in German and English, that the meeting had assembied for the purpose of adopt- ing some measures which might induce their employers to increase their present rate of wages. Several men from different factories reported that an increase of twelve to fifteen per cent has already been given them by thoir bosses since the present movement began and since their inst meeting was held, After tho re- porta of ail the delegations from the various es- tablishments were heard on the subject of their em.- ployers, probable intentions, resolutionsgwere adopted ex- Preasive of their determinstion to unite themselves as one Moan and pereist in their present course of action till all the employers would advance the wages of their men, Tho Toeeting then ned. The present wages paid to pianoforte makers is $10 to $16 per week, and abont at. teen per cent lower than What is usually paid to thom. Mrsrine or Jovryevuen Canvers.—A meeting of tho journeymen carvers of this city was held last evening, delegates from ail the shops being present. Fall a from all of them were handed in, from which it appeared that some twenty employers bad agreed to pay ‘the ad. vance ip prices demanded by the workmen. we carvers are to hold mass meeting on Wednesday next for tho Purpose of forming a permanent society. Surrognte’s Offve. Before Edward C. West, Surrogate. Marci 11.—The estate of Mary Mount, deceared,—This case has been before the Surrogate for some time for flual settlement and distribution of the estate. It will be re- Membered that the question arises on the question of le- gitimacy of certain of the claimants. It appears that the deceased was the gone of John Busby, of England, by @ first wife. He had childron by marriage previous to the date of @ register of a ceremonial of mar- Tey Hehe pertam enurchs UF Mau Beaietot wgland’ fu ter in the ie in iSe'yeat 1000; and slo children "Were bare cean ite as of the register, who claim that they are solely entitled 0 Oeics ae to the exclusion of those born bef: the dato register Ronen tho marriage act of England af 1762, still in force, requiring gil gyman of the oburch of , by bands or throngh @ license; and contend that the first obildren were born out of Iiwful wedlock, and wre not the next of kin of the deeeated. Much testimony has been taken in Fog: lomd by commission from the Surrogate and here before him, and it has brought to light various certificates of Baptism of ‘the obildren of Joha Busby Ann his wife,” those before and after the marriage in Y being registered in tho same way; and the tostimony showe that tho father and inothor lived togethor as hus. Nat thegeohad 2 Nat thew “cohabit ber, aud were calle Mre, Pugby py acquaineances und is, both before aod allot the marrings rewietered a Stok» Damerilf, m 1809. Hare Lhe lonving fe th hn har new wbudied t win tou, THE ARABIA’S MAILS. The Debate on the Italian Question in the British Parliament. Strong Hopes of Peace Among Brit‘sh Statesmen, we, Rey kee The mails by the Arabia to the 26th ult. arrived in town yesterday afternoon. "THE ITALIAN QUESTION. important Debate In the British Parilament= ‘The Mission of Lord Cowley to Vienna, EXPEOBED EVACUATION OF THE PAPAL STATES BY THE FRENCH AND AUSTRIANS. In the House of Lorda, on the 26th of February, the Bishop of Oxroxp adverted to the fow words which had fallen from the Lord Chief Justice, and asked Lord Malmes- bury whether he could contirm what they had heard of the state of: Europe by an authoritative stalement?? The Earl of Maude nor My Lords, I bad not ex- pected this question from my right reverend friend, but 1 bave woobjection, without going into the fature, to etate to your lordships that her Majesty's government’ have re- ceived info which gives them reason to believe that vernment, (Hear, hear ) ¥ ini LORD PALMERSTON’S OPINION ON THE CRISIS. In the House of Commons, on the 25th of Febraary, Jord PaLmunston rose and said—Sir, I rige, in pursuance of the notice which I have given, to make some few, andI Promise the House they shail be very few, observations upon the rtate of affairs on the Continent, and also to ask: her Majesty’s government whether they are in a condition, to make any communication which shall encourage the hope that the ral peace of Europe will be preserved. I can assure the honorable gentlemen Opposite that I take this step in no factioue—I may say, no party spirit. (Cheers.) Ido not wish to create any embarrassment to her Majcety’s Mintstere. What I desire to do is & per- form a duty which I think incumbent on the House of Commons—namely, to inquire, in the present state of thinge, what are the prospecis to which this country can look forward in regard to the coming spring. Sir, it is Decdless to attempt to disguise that there ig a ap- prehension, not in this country only, but throughout all Europe, that the ensuing spring ‘will be marked by great con- Slicts between miltary Powers. The last communication which we badfrom her Majesty’s government on this sub- Ject was that which fell from the right honorable gentle- man the Chancellor of the Exchequer on the first night of the session, now more than three weeks ago. Whut he then stated was that the coptinuance of peace was not ab- solutely hopeless. He, indeod, qualified that observation afterwards in the course of his speech; but it was evident that such was the impression at that time resting on his mind. I think, therefore, that I_am not taking an undue liberty with the House in giving to the governinent an op- portunity of saying whether that is still the impression under which they labor, or whether anything may siace then have intervened which imparts a more cheerful color to the aspect of affairs, and encourages them to hope where hope before was not absolutely out of the question. Sir, Ido not blame the government for having ‘hitherto made no communication to this House. It ia not the prac- Uce, nor doI think it the duty of ber Majesty’s Ministers to volunteer comaunications except when gome event hag bappened of sufficient importance to justify that atep. But it is, Ihold, the duty of the members of this House, in moments of great uncertainty, great public anxiety, to give'to the ministry an opportunity, by interrogatories patto them, of making such communicatious ag consis- tently with their reeponeinility they may think it expe- 10 offer tor the iuformation ot the country. If they are coabled to state that from the relations between us and soreign Powers, or from the reiotfons subsisting be- tween the different Coutmental States, there ig a fair pros- pect and hope that peave will be maintained, that is an announcement which would be highly satisfactwry to the ee most usefal to all the commercial clueses of this ‘ingdom (Cheers.), who are now abo t to make their ar- rapgemente for the ensuing yeer—arrangemeuts which must greatly depend on the probability whether they will be encouraged by peace or thwarted by war. On the other hand, if her Majesty’s government are in poseession of knowledge which compels them to suy they are greatly afraid that all attempts to prevent hostilities will be vain, then J say “Jorewarned is forearmed.” Better that the truth ebould be known, better that com- Mercia! men sbould understand’ the position in which they are placed, than that they should be led to take steps in the dark, and perhaps after- wards find themselves on the ‘brink of an abyss. What, then, is the ground on which [ think it necessary to put this question to her Majesty’s govern- ment? Why, wekoow that from one end ‘of Europe w the other there is not only great expectation of some ap- prowching confiet, hot that governments are arming, that ‘Yaat preparations ‘are making for warlike enterprises— that armies are collecting, { will not say being increased, because most of the great military Powers of the Conti- nent have been maintaining in tiwe of peace a force ready for the outbreak of war—that military stores are being accumulated, cannon casting, horses being bought, troops moved from point to point, fortifications raised, ships being equipped, transports got in readine: All theso things indicate an anticipation on the part of the govern- mepts engaged in them that in the course of the ensuing spring avd summer they may be called upon to make some great military or naval efforts. This being thestate of the case, one naturally asks one’s self, what is all this about?—what is the cavee which has fed these different governmenta to make these extensive preparations? Is it the fact that any one Pewer has given to another great canse of offence, or inflicted some great injury for which redress has been demanded and refused/— that honor and dignity on the one side are committed against hoor and diguity’on the other, and that therefore nothing is left but to suomit the ground of quarrel to the arbiwament of the sword? Sir, Jam not aware that any such cause existe, (Cheers) 7 have yet to learn that be- tween any tio great Powers of Europe there has arisen any ground of difference which would justify or require an ap- peal to arms, (Renewed cheers.) Phen Iasic myself, has any g eat Power manifested an intention to eet aside those treaties which form the groundwork of the existing of Europe by an ‘aggression upon any of its neighbors? To begin with France—I cannot sufi her to entertain any intention to commit a wanton riole- tion of treaties, because, while it may be trae that tha treaties of 1815 were not alt such as the French nation might wish—although they left France vatouched as one of the greatest uayal and military Powers of the continent, although they left her by her natural resources, by the intelligence of her people, by all her means of offence and defence—I say whatever the French nation might have thought of those treaties, every successive government in France, from tbe year 1815 down to the present hour, whether that government has been monarchial, republican or im- perial, bas respected and observed those. treaties with signal near! moyen And [ ae yet to Jearn that there ig any reason for imputing to existing government im France we intention to depart from the Joyal conduct which has hitherto characterized the rulers of that nation. (Cheers.) Then, is Austria going to break these treaties— Austria, who rests upon them her title to the possessions to which, unwisely I think, she In point of fact still clings? (Cheers.) Is Austria likely to eet an example of breaking ‘tue engagements to which she appeals as the title deeds of some of the territories that she prizes the most? J can- not believe anything of that kind. Is Austria likely to enter into an unprovoked conflict with Sardinia? Tho Austrian government must be too wise to contemplate an undertaking which, whatever might be its first ro- sult, must ultimately end in great discomiture and disaster. (Cheers.) Well, ig Sardinia preparing to commit an unprovoked breach uot those treaties —sari nage —- holds by these very stipulations the possessions ich are chief source ‘ her wealth and prosperit, Cheers.) I cannes belteve that the sagacteusmonarch who. Sardinia, or the wiee Minister who governs under his Majesty, can con template anything so wit and insane. ‘Then, a8 to Russia and Prussia, surely they Lave no intention to disturb the peace of Europe by ton and unprovoked infraction of treaty. Butit there is no question pendii any of there fowers which would naturally to war— sf there is no design on the part of any of them to violate the treaties which form the settlement of Europe—what is it that Las produced the general my which pre- vai's as to their disagreement and ir preparations for &n appeal to forec? Sir, I think we must look for the cause of all this to the state of Central Italy. (Hear, hear.) It must lic in the ancient rivalries and jealousies which have so long existed between France and Austria in regard to Italy, and which have now been brough! into more active operation by the jotat occupation of Ceutrat Italy by the troops of those two Powors. That, in my opinion, is the only point to which we can rofer the panxiety that exists, and the preparations of which wo are told. That occupation of Centrat Italy, which began under excusable reasons, and was meant to ‘be only temporary, bes now continued for nearly ten years, It is now high time that it should gead—(cheers)—and if it, bo that which {s the real cause of these jealousies and differe between two great military Powers, why, the obvious ready method by which the general uneasiness of Europe can 4 ealmed down, and any contest between France and Austria avoided, would be their mutual and simultaneous exacuation of the States of the Church, and their retire. ment within their own Mee | Srontiers. (Renewed cheers.) Sir, 1 know only that which everybody knows; int I sbould say that the French government must feel the embarrassment of their present Vsceww IT should think that if either party showed a disinclination to assent snch a mutual retirement, that disinclination must arise on the part of Austria—on her part, I must say, from a taken view of ber own interest as connected question. TM is said that Austria may think if she with- draws from the Papal dominions that a break out; that the flame once kindled, within ber own boundaries, and that guard hereelf against danger, thereforo, is to cectipation of the Roman Sir, I' believe trgegemced, thas it my neighbors hoe. urge 5 my neighbor’ beng i frome not wa yA} "eS eee, | ah mg} , ont, but Ro into his vent R, A would give different advice. I should s37—“Makco own boure fireproof by good government—est an oMiciens Gre brigade within your own }, and let your neighbor deal with his Louse in the same manner.”” Laughter and cheers.) But why should this misappre- bn tom be entertained? Why should the occ the Rotan States Sy ® large foreign woeonepry dor the preservation of tranquillity? Hay not re Roman government troops of tte own’? (Cheers.) y mmintain order? But i is rv 38 againat Wie government, v2