The New York Herald Newspaper, January 31, 1859, Page 2

policy pivots upon the idea, fortunately impossible, of Sime hetotee Frases cet Ane. ‘This alliance is absurd, because France would even thereby abdicate from the spirit of °89, which is her life, and in uniting herself with Austria, which governs the Pope, France, pal ‘vassal of the Pope, for 8 partof bis Population, would have no longer but a dependent role. But this idea of the | Univers is curious, a8 an indication of the logical develope- ment of situations. In exhibiting to us what sho hopes, the Univers shows us, even thereby, that which we ought to avoid. The causes of Austria are, a8 may be easily seen, numerous a! found. ‘ibey do uot spring from a passing « from contrary and lasting tendencies. in fact, since the peace of Paris, has succeeded the vote of chief of the retrograde party in Furope. I 1 construction of her railways, by her treaties of commerce, by the emancipation of her peasants especially, Russia has entered in the orbit of European civilization. | At the sam time, she extended her operations to the extreme East, and entered more and more in the true 7dle that the nature ‘of things assigned to ber, and which isto receive the light of Europe to carry it into Asia, During this time, Austria, by a sortof vufortunate affuity, made herself the i | mate ally of Turkey and the Pope, the two most sickly Powers in the world, and counselled them in @ sense not in their interests, but in her own. While France endea- ‘vored to make the two chiefs of Catholicism and Islamism listen to the voice of moderation and of modern civiliza~ tion, Austria labored to maintain them in their prejudices, in their blindness and in their backward tendencies. It ia, therefore, natural and inevitable that in laboring for } the emancipation of the Christians of the East and 0. the Latin race of Italy, France continually and everywhere, crosses the path of | | | | dissatisfaction between Frense, — ident, Austria, | tria Now, it must be> admitted, this matural opp tion of views and tendencies is singularly a | vated by the events which appear to be fp Loss than ten years after mpt of 1848, the Italians, | 0 of the flourishing iustitutions nd express with an energy nable to conceal itself, their It must be admitted if a rdy, Piedmont would be | ventuality presenting | in Italy paring themsely the be of Piedmont, which po or horror of the 4 nt breaks d into it, invinei itself, m ple spectator? As for ourselves Not only the sympathies | of France, openly manifested, constitute, in that which re garde Italy, a sort of engagement, but it appears to us that ver her mis in neglecting this opportunity of’ eman race sister toour own, that twice m: trace in history, Franc sion, and would per solving to her adyantag Europe some great problems of The Moniteur informed \ lomatic relations author of the Emperor had served « be forgotten that aside from diplom events whi profoundly ash; the opportun 2, to the f a2 | but 00 one takes | move towards the southern part of the empire. nesday next the whole of the Third Corps d’ Armée, which | | mung, and Wetzt | tions the impression on my mind is that there | be a collision between this empire | The latter may continue to | tral Italy, but she will hat | formidable adversary as Austria now is. The Turin papers | tell us that in case of need an army of | have often rem: 4 | state of affair | natural consequence of | ject of such | are in cireulat: >| butit is not in my NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JANUARY 31, 1859 arms to make his opiaion triumph oa this or that particular question, unless in that question the etacents, the diguity, or the honor of the country are ia- volved. THE AUSTRIAN TROOPS IN ITALY. NUMBER AND POSITION OF THE AUSTRIAN TROOPS— CAN SARDINIA ENGAGE THEM? Faves (Jan. 8) of London Times.) Vhen ail the reinforcements have reached their desti- nation the Austro Italian army consist of no fewor than 150,000 men; weet the troops will be placed en echelon between Vi , Casarsa, Conegliano, and Ve- nice. to Italy; that seven brigades (three divisions aud a but the day before yesterday orders were given. half) should Wed- is under the command of General Prince Edmund zenberg, the son of the late Marshal, will be on its italy. The Third Army Corps, which formed tho of this city, consists of the brigades Martini, Pally, Ram- ‘The other three bi are aiready moving from the provinces of Galicia ‘Transylvania to- wards this city. Notwithstanding these warlike ware and Sardiaia. in Lombardy aud Cen- venture to attack such a 120,000 men can be raised; but the thing is almost impossible, as the kingdom Sardinia bas but 5,167,542 inhabitants. Both Austria and France have repeatedly shown that they are not chary of human flesh and blood; but neither of them has ever raised an arwy which much exceeded two per cent of the / epure popalation, As is but natural, the Austrian military authorities keep tbeir plan of operations secret; but it is itevident that Count Gyulai will—for the moment at asi—act strictly on the defensive. Arising in Modena, rina, Tuscany and the Papal dominions would perhaps ead to a confiict between Austria and France; but neither | Louis Napoleow nor Victor Emmanuel is likely Lo send troops to the assistance of the disaffected Lombards. The position in the tri formed by Peschiera, Mantua and Verona is exceedingly strong, and English engineers ed to me that the Austrians, if » could maintain it against an their own strength. The Austrian papers d to give any information relative to tho in the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom,and the noe of the press on a sub. t alarming ramors is now related bere, v it is trae or okuow nothing of ap. if the tale s have recently true to enemy of t are not allo false, as the Vienna authorities proce sses in Lombardy. It would s here told be true, that five offi what p whie ~ | lost their live at Brescia under the following ciroam- | stances:—An attempt which was made by 80 | habitants of Brescia to disarm a sentry ne of the in- who was standing od to a conthict between the troops ing which seven of the latter were before a guardho and the people, d therefore, th ‘ ciroum | Killed. Five of the officers who commanded the troops stances, is tow ey | were a nated a few Lours after this disastrous colii- present themselves ant upon doing | ston uad occurred. The chances are that the story is not at once, and perhaj sen ante et | entirely devoid of foundation, but you must look to your that the dangers which Fra thing, after all, which fu ain imaginations. ntry like France shou knows So well bow to use; but arily a war which should inspire bh {sterile glory or the thirst for con ssity for opening the way to the sof '89, and of re-establishing bases than those ed people over- pes not fear uonece ‘not with the lo quests, but with the » expaneion of the prin Furopean equilibrium upon a more soli that the volcanic eruptions of an opp: throw periodically every ten years. [Translated from the Gazette de France, January 6, for the New York Heratp.] ‘ We are of opinion that the thought of favoring the ex- | tension of Piedmont and placing Upper Italy under the Boeptre of the house of Savoy is bail in every respect, and in contradiction to the principles of the soundest justice. The schemes of the Turin Cabinet are not justified by any serious cause, and a war which should have such an aim would be condemzed by public opmion, and its only end would be to throw disorder and confusion into Europe. ‘The Lombards have a right to recover their liberty, agit is the duty of the great Powers who have placed themselves at the bead of civilization in the world to put that nation in a normal condition of existence, as well for the satisfac- tion of the principles of justice as to insure general peace; ‘that cannot be denied. But would one arrive at that re- sult by helping the ambitious schemes of Piedmont. ‘Whatever qualities may be found in the parliamentary and revolutionary régimé of Sardinia, it cannot be sus- tained, according to our opinion, that those qualitics cre- ate in favor of Victor Emanuel rights to the possession of Upper Italy. Now we do not know of any other rea- sons to be invoked by the Piedmontese to support their pretensions to the domination of Italy. If such a domi- nation was possible, if we saw that it Kd be practica. Die, we should openly say that such a result seems to us more fatal for the Italians and Europe than the present state of things, which ailowa, at least, of the hope of a radical change. But, in examining the’situation of Italy, as well as the respective situations of the Enropean Pow. ers, we do not believe that that scheme can be re: If it was attempted it would miserably fa under Charles Albert, whose sad defe ‘has been too soon been a lesson of has been defeated becans he has not been seconded by the Italians, to whom he offered himself as a liberator, and he has not been second- ed because the Italians knew that the liberator would de mand as a price for his services the royalty over Italy, and that the ambitiomof extending his territory was we true motive of the Sardinian King in that campa’gu. If similar events should occur again, we would see the same facts reproduced. The Lombards, the Veuctians— whose heroic conduct has been admired by ali Europs— would remain cool, and would lack in energy, were they only to foresee tor a reward of their sacrifices the honor of living under the Piedmontese laws, and to have Victor Emanuel for their sovercign. | an account of the reception of Gener: | Yer | Sovereign Pontiit—the Turin subject. VEELING OF THE POPE TOWARDS NAPOLEON. Aletter from Rome of the (Ath inst. eupplies-us with de Goyon and bis ion of the New espondent for more. exact information oa the st by the Holy Father on the occ ‘The General, on his admission to the audience chamber, ad- dreased the Pope in & few words, He said how happy he was to come for the third time to lay at the fect of his Holiness the expression of hie homage, bis profound respect and devotion, and those of his brother soldiers, He added that h's seatiments were those of his august Emperor, and of all his offlcera and soldiers, and they were engraven on his heart. “In conclu sion,” said ihe General, * when T contemplate the majesty of ycur throne, T see in’ you a King, and, what {8 more, a exercising, like other monarchs, his temporal power withia the limits of bis States, an authority to the support of which is devoted our entire force ; the second, atill greater, exercisin, iritaal authority throughout the universe without any Doundaries than those of the globe iteelf, We ealute, therefore, in your sacred the noble And worthy succeasor of St. Peter.”? The Pope replied in French. He thanked the General for the noble sentiments he had expressed for his person in the name of his officers and soldiers, and added:— On that brilliant day—less from the sun which w: the Vatican than by the recollection of the name given to the Sun of Sanctity and Justice, Jesus Chriat the Saviour of the world—be invoked with all his heart the benediction of Heaven on the Emperor and Empress of the Freuch, the Imperial Prince, the brave army, and the en‘ire nation; and he prayed to God to support his feeble arm for the good’ of all, in order that peace should reign throughout the world. ‘he Holy Father then gave the apostolic benediction, and graciously ad- tulited each of the oilicers to the foot of the throae to kiss hia nd. THE MAZZINI PARTY CRIED DOWN IN LOMBARDY. A letter from Milan of the 4th inst, in the Paris Débats says:—The cry of “ Viva Vittorio Emmaauele,” which is where raised, is not tucited by Piedmontese agents, : it is a demonstration against Mazzial aused the failure of the move- to be rid of that party, jot in Lombardy who not be incliaed to kill Mazzini if he should again ct a movement under pretext that jont would profit by it. FOSITION OF THE EMPEROR OF AU REVOLUTIONISTS The subjoined official article, pub! : reichische Corvespondenz, caused cousiderable pei in Vienna. Although the efforts of a eriminal and incorrigible party to bring about disturbances in the Lombardo Venetian kingdom have—thauks to the sound common sense of the people—failed, still the very fact that the party in ques- tion dares to make such attempts is a proof that it fs ne. cessary to provide fatisfactory guarantees for the proteo- tion of the quiet and peaceful iuuabitants of the kingdom against such continual provocative agitation, and for the maintenance of peace and order. With this paternal object in view, his Imperial Royal erson, the monarch he republ RIA TOWARDS THE a. de Cavour may, with the support of correspondents in the mission at Milan, amd mowepapor artivtes wi ittou by his agents, induce some people to believe that Ita- ly aspires to the honor to have him for minis- ter, But these manoeuvres will not deceive anybody; and above all the foreign Cubinets, that are we!! aware that to make Victor Emmanuel ‘‘King of Itaiy,’’ as the ce. signs of the medals circulated thronghout Loabardy indi- cates a war of which no one could furesee the issue and the Consequences would have tobe undertaken. It 13 true that the Cabinet of Turin relies much on the support of its allies, and it hopes, by hastening events, wo force the ent Powers toapnounce their course. Certainly if a gun was fired the Powers would have io make a de- cision; but is Piedmont’s judgment of thg situation soand when relying upon the armed concourse of its allied friends? Does it, among others, believe that France will go to wa¥ again for the benefit of Piedmont, at the hazard of falling out with England? Does it believe that Russia will leave its repose [recueillement) to enter into a cam- paign which would endanger the future of great schemes of national interest, for no other object than to punish an ingrater Those would be strange delusions. France cannot be willing to commence a new war under the present circumstauces; eh? has proved herself long ago before Europe, and not need any new victory to give prestige to her arms. She is, besides, aware of the cost of a war of chivalry. We have sacri. ficed 100,000 men, 1,500 mi! and four years of peace to leave Austria more influential than before, and Eng- land without counterpoise in Constaatinople; to open the Black Sea, in which we have no interests of any impor- tance; to give to the Romanians a coustitution, the basis of which we have uot beeu allowed to establish, and to leave the Christiana under the humiliating yoke of the Mussulmaus and to the Koran. Russia has neither the leisure nor the possibility to A enter now into the hazards of a war of that kind. moment will certainly come when, diplomacy fi the cannon will have to make the nations re ent the path of national principles; but we do not believe that that moment has arrived; and all that will be at- tem, re that solema hour has sounded will only Produce confusion, for it is revolution which will have engendered it {Transtated from the Paris Pays, Jan. 9, for the New York Heraw.) The words used by the Emperor to the Austrian Ambas sador have not produced abroad the impression which was felt at the Paris Bourse. The Journal Francais de Pranc- fort, which gets its information directly from the Austrian chanceries, declares that the relations between and Austria, brought about by the strength of reum- stances and depending upon the different situations of thoze two Powers, ‘prepossess the mind of the French not in a hostile gence, but with a conciliatory ation. It is certain that the regret expressed in such noble and simple words by the Emperor to the Austrian Ambassator, coming after what his Majesty had just said to the Pope’s Nuneio, did scarcely allow any equivocatious as to the po- litical bearing of that incident. How is it that they bave been mistaken? Evidently because for the last 1 public opinion was preporsessed by warlike ideas through the public mind by certain French and Ttalian Journals. The tone of the Italian prints explains itself: we all not stop here even to discuss their errors or dissipate cir delusions. The position taken by some French jour- nals is far less explicable. It is certainly useless to deny that French and Austrian Politics have rarely agreed ince the treaty of Paris. The delays of Austr in iating the Principalities, its re- Bistance to the Moldo- Wallachiag union, its ‘pretensions to open the navigation of the Danube, {ts aititude on the question of Montenegro, have been motives of quite geri ‘ous differences, but those differences have floaily been ad ithe 1@ Principalities were evacuated a jong time ago: the Lonference has decided the question of the organizton of | Romania in a spirit more in harmony with F e 2 been pleased th issua srlova that Aportalic Malesty, por tardo venetian Kingdon ‘be rein- forced. The greater part of the reinforcements will be taken from the troops which are now stationed in Vienna and in ils environs. The moderation and the love of peace of the Imperial goverpment are eo weil known, and its relations to the other great Powers are so tranquillizing (beruhigend), that it must be evident the present measure has nothing what- ever to do with international questions, We therefore again obeerve, that the measure bas been taken solely for the security of the peaceful inhabitants of the Lombardo- Venetian kingdom, and for their protection againet a party which is capable of committing the greatest foilies and the greatest crimes. PRINCE NAPOLEON'S SARDINIAN MARRIAGR—LIBERAL- ITY AND POLICY OF THE EMPEROR. (Pariz (Jan. 10) correspondence of Loudon Times.] Another circumstance, which perhaps does not con- tribute much to restore calmness, is the news of the approaching marraige of Prince Napoleon with the daughter of the King of Sardinia, which I menttSied yesterday. At any other moment this event might pass unnoticed except among the personal friends of his Imperial Highness; but, coincident as it is with rumors of war, it seems to betoken an iatimate alliance, for or for evil, with Piedmont. The Prince will, it is said, set out for Turin on an early day to become acquainted with his fatare bride. After his mar- riage, he will have the disposal of the whole of the Palais Royal; the offices of his department, as Minister of Alge- ria, &c., will be established at the Louvre. It is affirmed that the Emperor gives a dotation of 1,000,000f. to his cousin. This last is, of course, but a trifle, if the state of the finances, as described in the flowery report of M. Magne the other day, be correct. Anticipating, probably, that the marriage would not at this moment enchant the public, who are £0 anxioug, and I may say so alarmed, at the thought of peace being disturbed ,orders have been sent round to the newspapers not to make any ailusion to it. This was understood to be at the instance of one of the Prince’s housebold, acting by authority, The Minister of the Interior and the Prince‘are both, as is well known, partisans of the liberty of the press; their notions of it, however, ure, as we see, peculiar, The newspapers haye, as commanded, kept silence. * WHAT TIE ENGLISH THINK. THE SPEECH OF THE KING OF SARDINIA 10 THE LEGIS- LATURE—WILL HIS MAJESTY ACTOR PRAY? (From the London Times, Jan. 11.) This ls a moment of supense, when the words of sove- reigns are substantive events. The opening of the Sar- dipian Coambers has been expected with an anxiety in no respect warranted by the power or intrinsic importance of that kingdom. But we all hoped to read in the speech of the King of Sardinia some gloas upon the words of the Emperor of the French, and gome indication of the policy to be pursucd by France towards Austria, If Sardinia shows a determination to break the public peace, it oan only be in the conviction, more or less well founded, that France is prepared to protect her in her enterprise. | Sar- ai ‘a defying Austria would be ag a pigmy provoking a ant. So insensate a policy is not to be attributed to any fane goverument. However incautious, or even intem- perate the King may sometimes have appeared, there is strong evidence that he has upon this occasion ouly spoken go much as was permitted to him to speak. It je even cur- rently reported that the draught of the document was carefully settled at Paris, and that the paper went back to Turin much modified in tone, We may take it that the specch just delivered by the King of Sardinia is a speech which has the epproval of the Emperor of the French. Regarding it in this light it is not 80 peaceful in its tone G8 the friends of tranquillity might desire. It would be a | temperate and moderate speech for the King who not long ago told bis officers that they might prepare for active service in the spring, but it is not re-agsuring if we are to Austrian; the position of Montenegro is de 4; there | read it in connext ‘th in New remains but the navigation of {| e Danube, which is a | Year's saad with eat remedial oa these pet forth oe in which France has no other | in the Meniteur, « ¢ political horizon is not clear,” says Foon... One Could non interest of all the other | the Sardinian sovereign. In whet quarter, then, broods the could Hot find the pretext of a| storm? What European PoWer threatens the independence conflict in such a question, which first announced, with tonnes, the emer. gency or the possibility of a war against Austria, have been forced to attribute it to the affairs of Italy. Upon ee their error is also easy to be pe: i The the Emperor Napoleon towards Italy is 1 known. It is fully explained in the protocola of the Con. ress Of Paris, It ig to prevent a revolution in Italy by mprovements and retorms. It has also clearly ‘been ‘shown, in those yery same Therefore the journals tendencies recommended by France. It is not improbable ‘that that Opposition, in the views of the two Powers, has sul vote] signing of the treaty of Paris. But, for a rupture? Whatever may be the opinion of Anstriaon the efficiene: Of the means advised by France, the Cabinet of Vienna be the case, where should be the pretext cannot be mistaken as to the sentiments of the French | on a love of Italian lib rty. Sao gozernment. Totry to insure the peace of Italy, ie that a Oe, & work beneficial to all Europe, and | ly % Austria, whose dominions would b endangered by the first Gun fired beyond the Alps? 3 as ene enrtain ly foresee all the emergencies anil tell in aa march of events; in computations about poli ‘ties one has to ascribe a part for unforeseen events; but in prevision, it wo i would anddenly 'e bave ce inly not to con, ‘atulate on el Our ally of the 24 December, 1864, we hone” Bolves too often, and are yet) t ts, as well us citizens, can hear © but government tion when it does not go as far as an outrage. ves upon have found our. in contradiction with her, tradio, h dle. ols, that Anstria profees- | email horizon is clear eno: ed difrent opinions, and did not much relish thie’ liveral | Ie ks not for a s Conds what he considers a8 useful, reasonable and good, of this King’s subjects? Do the inhabitants of Lombardy seek to annex Piedmont in the interest of their Austrian touster®? Or does the army of ocenpation at Milan cast eyes of covetousness upon Turin or Genoa? Whence comes the storta which Sardinia fears, or who holda that future whieh Sardinia “awaits with firmness?’ The ‘Power that is determined upon a quarrel need not look far ‘out and sweep the horizon for indications of an enemy. If, it were the wish of fardinia only to hold her own, her. gh. But we are told that she” to » but for a fortunate future. Her policy is based on justice and love of its country’s liberty This should be a strictly defen- pa gb valeee the King of Sardinia interprets the word “ country” in a eenge different fro vpon it by the treaties he professes to (ey van | the word “ country” he means Ttaly, then, indeot, we understand what that policy must be which is based \ policy must be a y which would rule all Ttaly policy of conquest, It is a po! from Turin, It is 1 would make Milan, aad Florence, and ome hereelf, departmental cities, sending deputies to a metropolis which ts scarcely more Italian than Nice or Toulon, This might tend to the expansion of the liberty of Italy; it might mitigate the stringency of the Bourbon tyranny in Napies; it might infuse eSme energy into the anile burlesque of govern- ment that obtains in the States of the Church; it might, perhaps, improve, although this is rsther doubtful, the present condition of Tascany; but is {t possible to ‘com. pacs—is ft a project 80 capable of realization as to be worth a general European war? Ia it possible fhat it could be realized by the agency of France and Russia; and it were realized, could it last? Would Austria en: dure it? Would Naples submit to it? Would Rome for a At first it was intended to send only two divisions | will not | moment listen to it? It would rather reduce Italy to the sate Se whic the peaianein way yen Mnees landed on recognized Italian Power; and that Rome should be content, with a nationality under the Transalpine Gaul. Every Englishwan bas sympathies with Italy. As the King of Sardinia says in the speech upon wi we are uow 4 aon rd the Frinciples Ce and the m- ri sym- allies i inetiveny but our sympathies must be NB never by act or counsel interfere to impede any effort that may be made tow. rds the overthrow of the evil govern- ment that now a icts Italy; but we may and we must regret to see the general peace of ranger! ges jects which appear to savor only of ambition to tend only to strengthen ‘We cannot see the end; but we can see enough to feel convinced that what the Emperors of France and Russia wish cannot be what we should wish. : “Let us,”’ says the King of Sardinia, ‘resolutely await the decrees of Providence.’ There is small philosophy in this. Regolutely or irresolutely,, we equally be governed by those decrees. Some small parson, when hi advertises that he is about to preach, is 80 condescending 48 to interpolate by the words ‘‘ Deo volente,”’ a licence to Providence to interfere with the arrangement. We have always thought that this reservation would be very, ridiculous if it were not rather impious. The questiqn, however, 1 not what Providenee may decree, for that we cannot fathom, but what steps the King of Sardinia is about to take within the limits of his ‘wn bhutan free will. We must, acting upon the assamp- ion that he is a sane man, believe that he will do nothing xcept so far as he is supported by France; and we must jurther believe that France will not go beyond a menace, unless she is supported by Russia. Bat Russia is not im- patieut for war; she has at present internal troubles to distract ber councils, and whatever strength of hatred there may be in her recent grudge against Austria, it is scarcely Sufticient to induce her to break up the absolute sovereignties of Europe into hostite Powers, and to desiroy their force by internecine conflict. But, whatever may be the policy of France .or the tendencies of Russia or the ambition of Piedmont, our course of action is plain, We baye only to look ou and watch the result, In a period of profound peace, and at a time when armed force is _irrisistible aud is all arrayed under the command of ab- solute sover@lgns, any insurrection for merely popular objects is obviously absurd. He must be a very shallow dupe who can mines that the great military Powers are about to fight for the restoration of long lost liberties and Jong lost nationalities. There can be no reason that we should spend one coin or waste one life to support the Popedom, or to protect the throne of the King of Nap'es, « or to continue the hard and unnatural rule of the Aus- trians in Lombardy. It is barely possible that any change I Tals Gi be tar fie. weoeme cl le scarcely lively, an, aby change produced by France and Russia can be for the beller. ‘This Is not the help, nor are these the defenders we bave looked for. We live in days in which we are asked to believe in strange things, but it is too great a demand upon human credulity to ask our faith in a tory Ministry shaping a democratic reform bili, and an alliance of des- potic sovereigns busy in building up @ constitutional mo- nareby, (From "the London Post (Lord Palmerston’s organ), January 11.) ‘The relations of France and Austria, with the intricate collateral matters involved in them, making up, together, that curious complication of circumstances which is best described as the European position, is. now the principal topic of journalism and speculation all over Europe. * * * * * * In the question of Italy we are only lookerson. It is an Avatro-French business. Those two nations thought it prudent to uphold the temporal government of the church against the people. France garrisoned Rome, and Austria the Legations. ‘They have done this for ten years. In the meantime no single good purpose has been served by the occupation. The Italian struggle has been dela| not prevented. Sooner or later it must come. There is no sign of returning loyalty on the part of the Italians. ‘The bayonets of France are as necessary to the maintenance of the Fapal government now as in 1848. There is no chance of their vocation coming to an becomes, then, a serious question for France w she is to malutain this armed position as long as the Poptitf maintains his claim to sovereignty. If so, she had better set to work to carry out that purpose in some more systematic way, and ict it be seen and owned througtont Europe as an accepted condition of Italy that the temporal wer of the Pope is forced by France and Austria upon issubjects. Let it further be owned as a part of the mis- sion of France to compel a people who love liberty to sub- mit to a government that enslaves them. It is not to be supposed that the Emperor Napoleon does not see the anomaly of this French occupation. How can he who holds his empire by the election of his subjects fail to see the. contradiction to his own position supplied by the Pope, who, however honored in his ecclesiastical capacity, is in bis capacity of sovereign detested throughout Italy? Isitsurpris- ing, then , that the Emperor should now wish to withdraw his troops from the occupation of Rome? But the impos: bility of doing eo while Austria is marching augmented forces into the Legations is obvious. The abandoument of the occupation must be a joint affair, or it cannot be at all, But Avstria isstubbern, There does not appear the slight est inclination on her part to second the views of France. Her interest in Italy is greater than that of France, She is bound by recent concordats to succor the Pope. She is pledged to the maintenance of the Roman government inst the Roman people, France is so pledged, and sto i the Komans to themsetves. She Lied e bis He LE time to m amal - ogive 2s Holiness eg ine. cuetry for the ook tentment of his subjects; yet there seems no more pros- pect now of any improvement than there was ten years ugo. It is due, then, alike to French honor and Iialian liberty that this occupation should now cease. But would not the withdrawal of troops by France only leave Italy a prey to Austria, strengthen the material power of the latter by many advantages, and bring the whole force of that empire to uphold the worst features of Roman misgovernment? Undoubtedly, and this is just ‘the crux \n the matter, This is the kernel in which, say our contemporaries, resides the germ of war and vast x disturbances. It is just possible. It would be absurd now to say that anything between nations was im- poss but alarm on the subject is certainly premature; While no man can deny tho possibility of a war, no ‘one can pretend to lay his finger upon any proximate pro- bability. The duty of the press is therefore not to kindle ssion®, not to create alarms, not to complicate matters ty mischievous mistakes or inexcusable misrepresenta- tions, but to urge tae paramount obligations of iarope to preserve to the uttermost the pacific relations re-ostablish- ed by the treaty of Paris. {From the London News, Jan. 12.) ‘The serious state of Italy is as vividly illustrated by the amnesty just granted to sixty-one of his subjects, whose only fault and crime was their patriotism, by the King of Naples, as by the addition of 40,000 men to the Austrian army Of occupation. His Neapolitan Majesty has not waited for the arrival of the Bavarian Princess, or the marriage of bis son and heir apparent, the Duke of Cala. bria; but in his hasty terror has yielded to the remo. strances of the Emperor of Russia, and liberated hig pri- soners ftom that cruelty and those su which the world will know and condemn to the last hour of recorded time. This intelligence is a relief to outraged nature; and Eurepe will, it 18 to be hoped, show in some way to the unhappy victims of this unparalleled tyranny that it can feel tor their deep wrongs, and welcome them back again into the light of Heaven, and to the pare air of our common Creator, in a manner that will exone- rate the nineteenth century from all partictpation in the crime of its basest and worst sovereign—at once a dis- grace to moparchy and a scandal to mankind. * * * * * It is in vain to call out “Peace! Peace!” where there ! Not “poppy nor mandragora’’ can ar- affection of Italy. Tt is the natural, the legiti- mate, the necessary consequence of that Austrian domina- tion which sets ail moderation, temperance, and regard for human feelings and sufferings at defiance; which accu- mulates wrong on wrong, tyranny on tyranny, injustice on injustice; which rejects remonstrance, even from its own archdukes and viceroys, and listens to no suf to from allies who contend, against fate, to preserve the tran- quillity of the world, It is idle to refer to the history of the past, to show that for eight centuries Italy has not been independent, to speculate on the illusion of Italian independence. These, in the pregent state of that country, are but excuses and apologies for mizerjes that are unendurable, and hme make even useless revolt a virtue. Let’ it be asaum (though the aesumption is false and unfounded) that Italy will never recover her independence, can never enjoy freedom. That is not the present question. The it question is, can she be induced to remain quiet coder her wrongs? Ought Europe (to save itself from inconvenience) to wish her to remain tranquil in her woes? It is not & matter of government; it is a question of humanity. And if the King of Naples bes been justly put under the ban of European civilization for barbarity ‘to bis subjects, with what logic or decency can Austria be saved reprobation for critaes before which even hig atrocious cruelties grow pale ? AFFAIRS IN SPAIN. The Cuban Annexation Question=French Opinion of Mr. Buchanan’s Parchase Plan= Queen Isabella’s Relations Towards Mexi- comIntrigues of Rome in Madrid. (Ivanelated trom the Paris Constitutionnel of Jan, 6, for 5 the New York Henaxp.} Nothing is more instructive for us, the old fogy inhabi- tants of the Ancient World, than to study, especially from the point of view of political institutions, the and ex- ploite of the young covntry that devel itself 80 rapidly on the other side of the Atlantic, atever there may be of effervescence or looreness in ite public manners need pot be & matter of astonishment: it is quite the cus- torg of its age to consider that there will always be time enough to sit down and regulate itself when it has attained maturer years. But when this excusable exuberance takes the character of a matured contempt of principles, {t becomes something more grave. It is the symptom of one of the saddest moral infirmities: an old spirit in a young body. Such would be the case, were we decidedly forced to attribute to the wars of the nation that which Is the fact with the institutions which govern it, and from the neces- sity ip which the government of the country is placed to flatter periodically the less intelligent and the most turbu- Jent of the population. Of this a more striking example cannot be found than ip the last Meesage of the President. However convinced we may be of the fatal influcnee of certain positions, we acknowledge that this manifest has surprised us. délut of Mr, Jed ue to hope th: id have avoided the declivity down which Ti Treseuuneen have each in their turn slipped. Infact, Mr. Buchanan, when a candidate for the supreme magistracy of his coun- try, feemed ambitious of that elevated position onl: asthe crowning of a political carecr nigh’ term! f Invested during the greater portion of his life with the most honorable functions which could be ob- tained from public confidence in a republican coun- try, Mr. Buchanan affected to desire nothing more than poses, which power gives. How has this ambition of perpetuating his Presiden come’ to Mr. Bu his debi all. the journals of the themselves with the ration and with the disintercstedness that the detachment from the this world could not fail to give to one has gervants, partisans, friends, who are by the con- stitution obliged ¢o yield up their positions when the Preai- dent abandons his, and one is juaded by them that ho is indispensable in power. Finally, ambitious spirits, who have for a long number of tf in the contro} that ‘This desire of continuing in power, that the Presidents of the United States have successively manifested, is, in, ‘our opinion, natural enough. is an involuntary ho- mage to monarchial forms of government, sustained by experience in the kingdoms of the Old World. it that which is not justifiable is the means which they employ to attain the object of their ambition. It is this flattery that panders to the evil tendencies of the American charactes is this expression of avidity for conquests and territorial annexations, destitute of every £cruple—it is this reiterated assertion of this Monroe doc- irine, which, as one of our contemporaries has just in- srnicisly said, reaches the sublime, and descends also to Violence. We do not recover from our surprise when we arrive at the exporé of the theories of tho message on the subject of Mexico, of Nicaragua, and particularly of Cuba. Be- cause this great colony would be very convenient for the United States, it follows, according to the terms of the Presidential document, that it ought to be taken from those who founded it, enriched it and possess it logiti- mately. Itis true that they talk about restraining them- ‘selves to pacific means in seeking the acquisition of Cuba. But what means can be pacific in obtaining that which a proprietor does not wish to part with? Spain is not dis- posed to sell Cuba. Therp cannot, therefore, be any means of taking it from that Power, if the calculation is not to revolutionize her. The Me indicates clearly this tendency; and, we learn, in fact, by the American journale—impatiently. indiscreet—that there exists on that island the nucleus of insurrectional propagandism. Of vhom are they, the agents? It may easily be divined. ls fecit cut ‘uit. Behold the pacific means and morals to which it is hoped to owe the annexation of Cuba! It is not, however, that a more certain action, or one that appears such, is renounced, The enumeration of compiaints against Spain, equally contained in the mes- sage, proves tbat if need be, and certain of no 0} ‘ition from the gencrality of Kuropean Powers, they would wil- lingly have-recourse to force. In reality revolutionary propagandism has not many chances in Cuba. The Span- ish Catholics have no great sympathy for the Puritans of Philadelphia. They bave monarchial traditions and the example of the ancient colonies of Spain, who proclaimed their independence, is not, it must be admitted, very en- gaging. Besides, the government of the Queen of Spain could very probably repress every attempt of this cha- racter, 80 much the more culpable from its foreign origin. Decidedly it is easily seen that the pacific means spoken of in the message have not much chance of success. The others are perilous, for the government of Cuba would easily deal with dlibusters. : But from what does all this spring? The pursuit of popu- larity, which will not have even the excuse of success. man like Mr. Buchanan, who has lived long enough to know the human heart—does he not know that it is not Lape to every one to rise and make himself popular by- the exercise cf power? That is visible at this moment in France; but that is because we are of the Old World and a people afflicted with the monafchical instincts. But ina republic, where power is subject to the assaults and to the covetousness of the opposition, authority infallibly takes down him who exercises it; and not more than his prede- cesgor, Mr. Pierce—another unfortunate candidate for the conservation of presidential functions—can Mr. Buchanan hope to escape from this common law of republics, where envy is the dominant vice aud invective an irresistible instrument. : ‘There is, therefore, no reagon for conceiving any inqui- etude from the expose of principles so bold as those of the message. The mass of the American people is infinitely better than the turbulent parties whom it is necessary to please to raise one’s self to power. But the occasion is good for us to compare institutions and to consider which are those that fatally allure men of the best minds into the ways of fatahty. THE INEVITABLE TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF UNITED STATES. Paris (Jan. 10) correspondence of the London Times.) We (says a French writer) could not submit to the an- nexation of Cuba with the same facility as to the progres- siveand inevitable absory of Mexico; but we cannot disguise {rom ourselves that, in presence of the ardor of Mexican covetousness and the power of expansion of the Anglo-Saxon race, Spain incurs the danger of losing her finest colonial possession. Tho best mode of resisting the United States in America would be to abolish slavery in Cuba. It would be a mea- sure of high policy as well as of humanity. All that could be said bas been written upon this abominable traffic—this ulcer of the United States—this shadow to their greatness. It is not merely for the interest of the slaves I will ever loudly demand their emancipation, but in the interest of morality and religion—it is even in the interests of their masters. Nothing i¢ more-ealenlated to obscure and to wither some of the finest qualities of the soul than the ab- solute domination of man over his fellow creature—the right of using a being endgwed with an immortal soul like our own as a beast of burden. I have seen sla’ in my infancy, and I never recallto mind without a feeling of horror the harrowing scenes I have witnessed; and never think without sorrow of so many noble, pure and delicate patures, subject to the bit of @ master, commanding without control and without reflection over human beings deprived of a Christian character. Is the doctrine of Monroe applicable to these republics of Central America, across which will pass some day different roads of communication which connect the Atlantic with the Pacific ocean? Th pho Sound, the Isthmus. of Suez—ought it not to exist equall for Central America? Has not Europe—in fact, the whol world—an equal interest that the cardinal points of politi- cal geography be not placed in hands which would be suffl- ciently pened: to use them to the injury of other coun- tries? It appears to us that if the doctrine of Monroe is to be invoked on the question of Central America, it is by Europe and by the entire world agaipst the United States. We will go even further, and we believe that this doctrine, about which so much noise has been made, must under; pat modifications with the increase of the power of the Vhited States. Will Europe admit the Union, now seated on the borders of the Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific, to extend the American eagle beyond the us of Darien? Sball the balance of power , re-established at various intervals upon the old continent of Europe by long ‘wars and at the cost of eanguinary battles, be deranged in the New World without Europe taking the alarm, and ‘ming for its maintenance? To ask these questions is to answer them. Wili the American Union, on the other hand, ever remain indifferent to the great concert of the Powers of Europe, and remain isolated? That, in our opinion, onght not to be the future course of the great American republic. It has receitly marched in accord with the first Powers of Europe, or beside them. Her in- terests did not appear sensibly to differ from those of the West in China, in Japan, and in distant Asia. Let her continue in that course, and we cannot but applaud ber triumphs. SPAIR'S RELATIONS TOWARDS MEXIGO—THE CUBAN QUESTION. The Madrid journals of the 3d instant have reached us. In the Chamber of Deputies on that day the President of the Council confirmed the statement of the official jour- nal mentioned by telegraph, that “Spain had obtained complete satisfaction from the Mexicans who oceupied Tampico, and that, among other things, they had restored the loan extorted from the Spaniards.’’ This annonnce- ment was received with: sppiause from all parties in the Cham The semi-official Correspondencia A rafa announces, in adaivion, ial the goverment had received official in. formation from Mexico, both from the French Minister, who Low repre: Spain in that country, and the Spanish Consul, that General Zuloaga, President of the Mexican republic, had intimated his readiness to give satisfaction to Spain for all her otber grievances; but the Corresponden- cia adda that the Spanish government will not relax any of its military measures until thig promise is completely jalfiled, ‘The same authority « —Our financial situation could not possibly be more satisfactory than it is. Not only were all debig due on the 3ist December paid, but the ob- ligations of the government are provided for, and sums suflicient to pay the expenges of the first two months of the year are in hand. A private letter from Madrid of the 4th inst., after al- Iuding to the declaration of Marshal O'Donnell in the Cor- tes, that the military ‘authorities at Tampico had given every satisfaction to the Spanish subjects resident in that town, says:— At all events it is agreeable to krow that war bas not broken out between Spain and Mexico, as might have been supposed from Marshal O’Donnell’s words; and that probably it will not break out, especially if this cabinet follow the Iine recommended by M. Olozaga in the commit- tee on the address. . The Mexican question is more serious than that of Rome, and in which the Marshal will, perhape, be less success. ful. The Queen will in all likelihood yield where the al- leged intereste of the church are concerned, but her Minister by no means shares her views. This difference of opinion on @ subject in which Her Majesty is so tena- clous must end badly for the Minister, all the more that the Chambers do not occasion any apprehension to the cen, It is rumored that the President of the Council bas dis- covered another palace intrigue against himself; and the King Congort and the Pope’s Nuncio are said to be no Strangers to it, The object was to induce the Queen to visit to bis Holiness the Pope, Those who advised P alleged that the Minister never would obtain from the Court of Rome what the Queen herself would by pro- cee ing thither in person; that the Minister would never boncetly second her Majesty’s pious intentions towards the Holy See, whereas if she visited the Eternal City everything would be satisfactorily arranged both for the interest of the Holy See and of the Spanish Crown. Tho Queen broke the matter to her Minister, who, however, opposed it, put in the most courteous terms. ‘The opposi: tion of O'Donnell to this project was counted upon thoee who were in the secret as certain to lead toa rup- ture between her and her Minister. In this they were jisappointed, for the ee would hardly venture to dis- mies O'Donnell while the Cortes are sitting, f ~ O'Donnell bus another cause of mistrust and an Whenever he jg in | Mabe one of his first desires is to rid of his tiend General Ros de Olano, In 1! he wanted to send him as Governor General to the Philip- ine Islande—a post only recond in imy ‘to that of Duba. Inthe present instance he offered him the latter command, which is £0 much coveted by all Spanish Gene rals, For the Jast three or four months it hag been con- THE ° that itis thought that oe ot Mr, Bu. mansage . Bu- anion pa ccuticae to the settlement of the WEWS FROM THE-MORMON TERRITORY. Our Utah Correspondence, Great Satt Lake Orry, U. T., Dec 24, 1858. Severity of the Cold in the Salt Lake Valley—Deaths from its Intenseness—Interruption in the Eastern Mails—Murder of a Deaf and Dumb Boy—A Lawyer Indicted for’ an Attempt to Intimidate a Judye—Enormous Prices of Pro- visions—The Governor's Message, dc. Deep snows cover the everlasting hills which surround | this Valley of the Great Salt Lake, and the Ice King has cut off the inhabitants thereof from al! communication with the outer world. The winter in the Rocky Mountains has set in very early this season, and unusually severe, About the Ist of December we had a cold “nip” in this valley, which destroyed a good many cattle unhoused and subjected to the piercing, knife-like, cutting wind which sweeps unobstructed over the plains. The storms iu this valley, especially the cold ones, all come from the west, from over the Great Salt Lake; in that direction there seems to be the only opening in this mountain-locked yal ley, and through which rude Boreas rushes with resisticss sway. The atmosphere here is so much rarified, in con- sequence of the great altitude of the coutry, that one does not feel the cold so sensibly as in the States; and while one may feel almost insensible to the cold in the body, yet the extremities may be freezing. A number of persons have been frozen to death in this valley, and in the kanyons of the moun- tains in this vicinity, during the month of December. Three were frozen to death in the neighborhood of this city, and there are rumors of many more having met with the same fate in the mountains. About the South Pass and on Sweet Water it is reported that the thermometer ranged for several consecutive days, in the early part of this month, as low as from eighteen to twenty-eight degrees below zero. We had no majl from the East from the 27th of November until the 14th of December, and since then the Is have been coming in irregularly, there being now a rdue a week. This detention of the mail was oidable, owing to the enow drifts on the mountaing and the intense cold. All the men engaged in the mail service for three hundred miles east of this city, were more or less severely frost bitten, one of whom died, and others it is reported will lose their bands and feet. The mail company have suffered much in the loss of stock; fifteen mules were frozen to death in bringing in the mail on the 14th inst., which was due on the 4th. ‘The mail is brought in on packed mules, A policeman, named Christiansen, was bound over this week to answer at the District Court on a charge of the murder of a deaf and dumb boy, named Bernard. From the evidence it appears that he cut the boy’s throat in | Emigration Kanyon, about five miles from this city. while hunting for money which it was alleged the boy hi stolen and hid in the mountain. The policernan says the deed was done in self defence; that the boy had previous. ly stabbed him in the side with ¢knife, and had again mace another attack on him with a stone. It has been decided recently in the United States Dis- trict Court, now in session in this city, that the Attorney appointed by the United States for this Territory, General ilgon, is the pergon legally entitled by law to prosecute persons charged in the Diatrict Court with crimes and offences committed against the laws of the Territory. General Ferguson, a Mormon lawyer, bas been indicted by the Grand Jury on a charge of threatening to intimi- date Sudge Stiles, while holding the District Court in this city for the February term 1857. verything is quiet and peaceful in this city and in the” Territory. peo} ple are preparing to enjoy the ay he ing holidays, the the prices of things are such here as would frighten Eastern folks and render them unable to enjoy the good things of this life. A turkey weighing ten pounds was sold maps for $25, and as high as $30, I understand, was offered for that Christmas institution. Butter is oue dollar per pound; sugar and coffee are eighty cents per pound, and it is expected they will soon rise to a dollar per pound. Ley 2 ap of every kind are generally about six fold higher in the States. The prices are enormous, and the storekeepers, most of whom are also sutiers to the army, are coining money. Wood, a mise- rable kind of dead cottonwood poles, is $12 a load, called a cord, but if rly cut, ranked and corded, would not measure more than half a cord. With all these high prices, there seems to be money in citculation, and no one a seriously to complain. Goldis the circulating me- dium here, and a cash business is generally done. ‘The-Territorial Legislature is now in session. Governor Cumming’s message was delivered before the ture on the 18th instant, at Fillmore, after which they red © meet in this city. ven Governor cumenings Message to the tive Assembly of the Territory of Dacemnmr 13, 1858. GRNTLEMEN OF THE CoUNCIL AND Hovse or REPRESENTA- TIVES:— It has become my duty to communicate to the Legisla- tive Assembly information on the condition of the Territo- ry, and to recommend such measures ag I judge to be ne- Ceseary for its welfare. To Almighty God we should return thanks for all the blessings he bas bestowed upon this people, especially for averting from them the threatened horrors of civil x i restoring. to ee the comforts of home, with ealth, peace, and general prosperity. The events which bave trans) here within the laat two years have excited great solicitude throughout the beg as and attracted public attention to this Territory. The Presicent of the United States, in the exercise of his constitutional authority, determined, in the early part of last year, to re-organize this Territory by the appoint- ment of new civil officers; and,at the same time, he ordered a detachment of the army to this point, to per- form the ordinary military duties, and to act as a military posse, upon the requisition of the proper civil officer. The eneral in command of this detachment received written orders, designating his duties, and forbidding him, his officers or men, “to attack any body of citizens whateo- ever, except upon requisition, or in sheer self-defence.”* ‘The President was induced to puraue this course of action in consequence of reiterated statements made by men who bad lived in your midst, and the seditious language used by some of your influential writers and public speakers. Zo thig connection it is proper 1 should announce m; Opinion, that a iarge number of the inhabitants of Ut participated, subsequently, in positive acts of rebellion against the federal government. Under these circum- Stances I cntered Great Salt Lake City on the 12th day of April, 1868, and availed myself of every suitable occa- sion to rotify the inbabitants that I required unconditional submission to the laws; that I would sustain the civil offi- ccre in the proper performance of their duties, and main- tain the public peace. Afier a reaidence of some weeks among you, I an- nouxced to the government at Washington the disat> feeted portion of the community had returned to their uly, and would receive and obey the newly “appointed civil ofticers. Subsequently, the President's proclamation of the 6th April last was promulgated. It offered a full and free pardon to all who would submit to the authority of the federal government. Dy your acquiescence in the conditions ,of this pardon, ail political difficulties between the federal government and the people of Utah are adjusted, and 1 trust that your future bistory will attest the sincerity of your profeasions of devotion to the constitution and to the laws. The government of the territories bas been characterized by certain individuals as @ relic of barbarism and a sys- tem of oppression. These cavallers should remember that the patriots and sages whose memory they profess to revere, not only achieved our independence, and iremed the constitution, but inaugurated also the system of territorial government—a government of constitutional jawe. We must rely upon them for protection. All com- mupities of freemen poesees an inherent right of revoln- tion and gelf-government; but communities, like indivi- duals, bave their periods of infanoy and tutelage, preced- ing these of matured strength and independent action. When abuses exist in the government of a territory, the true remedy consists in an appeal to the parent govern- ment for redress. You complain that civil officers are sometimes unmind- ful that their offices were created for the benofit of the whole community, and not exclusively for their own; but public opinion docs not justify resistance to their authority on that account. ‘The maintenance of the army, and the incidental ex- penecs attending its support, require very large disburse- ments in the Territory. These necessarily increase the price of labor and its products, Hence the length of time the army will remain here becomes a question io which your constituents are pecuniarily interested. In considering this question it is necessary to refer you to the following clause contained in the ion of the President;—' The mili force now in Utah, and not be ven rawn until the inhabitants of that Territory shall mani & proper sense of the duty which they owe’ to this Government.” In view of this claure, every honorable citizen of this Ter- ritory must feel the presence of the army as a reproach upon his patriotism, It behooves you to avoid even the semblance of disloyalty, for in your present con- dition it fg not sufficient that manifest a sense of that duty which you owe tothe » but put Ne opinion must be satisfled of your foyalty. It would be unrearonable, under existing circumstances, to expect that the transient lation now here will exercise any influence to hasten eee Saen the army, dite contrary to thelr pecuniary intorests; nor oan’ you expec that they will undertake the task of your vindication. B Tho public press and private will finally reveal the truth with regard to yourcommunity, This must be a work of time; and therefore I believe that the , detachment of the army now stationed here will enjoy our fine mountain climate, and have ample time to per- Toot that discipline for which as a corps itis even now greatly distinguished. ‘The Postmaster General bas invited propoaals for the transportation of your domestic mails, and 1 community will 2080 enjoy the benetts which wi oe Government haa recently established overland mail routes upon a most liberal basis. This arrangement will furnish greatly increased facilitics for trvvel and corres- Ppondence between Ce ye talipes ee en The ‘operation great enterprise will proa an almost continuous line of settlements extending cores the continent; and this now isolated Territory will be Sroweth into more familiar contact with other portions of country, To pet the people to be to some extent independent of importations we should encourage domestic manufae- tures; but an entire independence in such matters is neither practicable nor desirable. Social intercourse and commercial exchanges are indispensable to true progress. Neither communities nor individuals can secure a perma- Sest Penen ee, Or happiness in a condition of complete Soon after ay. Real 4ed in this Territory I com- municated to Secretary of War my views in regard to the mapooens, practicability of navigat ing tho waters of the Yellowstone, including its tributary, the rape By the adoption of this route’ navigation might bo established from the Missouri river toa point not saveeding four hundred miles from Salt Lake City. [alse requested him to order a detachment from Camp Scott.) with instructions to make a reconnoissance betweea Wind eet and the confluence of the Yellowstone with the Mis- souri, “" ‘The acts of kindness extended by this people to the Ia- dians who inhabit these valley$, are creditable to the ir own gencrosity and forbearance; but they seem to have confirmed the Indians in slothful and vicious habits, and fostered a spirit of insubordination which prompts them occasionally to commit acts of violeuce against their bene- factors. The government has established Indian farms in this country, which, if considered as a means of inducing Ia- Gians to labor, and produce the articles necessary for their subsistence, seem to have been unsuccessful in accom- plishing those objects; and unless they can be conducted differenuy in future, it would be wel for the Indian De- partment to purchase food for them, rather thnn endeavor to induce them to cultivate the soil. The Ind ang must be fed, The supply of game is aiready ingufficicnt, and they caunot subsist much longer upon the precarious aid receiv- e! from the band of ebarity. 1 will call your attention to certain recent occurrences. A brutal assault was committed by some Indians, in the vicinity of the Spanish Fork, upon the persons of a woman and her child. enable the agent to make the arrest of the offenders it became necessary to resort to a military force, aud av Indiay—not one of those charged with tho offence—was unfortunately killed. The culprits were ar- nd are now in confinement, awaiting trial before United States District Court. The dead bodies spectable citizeps of Millard county were found ly near the road to Chicken creek, supposed to have n killed by Indians. Superintendent Forney is now in the neighborhood of Manti, to investigate the affulr, and will endeayor to secure the persons of the murderers’ The verdict of the coroner's jury in the case is now in the hands of the United States District Attorney, who will prozecute the murderers when arres! I cavnot too strongly urge upon you the necessity of ox tending the benefit of common schools to every child in the Territory, and would recommend the levying of a general tax for the eupport of such schools. On the proper education of its youth depends the prosperity and happi- ness of acommunity, The statistical reports of the prisons in this and other countries show that the Peep, ot crime is in av inverse ratio to the amount of proper edu- ived. our attention to providing means for en- the law relative to bridging the irrigating ditch- es across public highways. Under present circum- stances they are causes of serious inconvenience to tra- vellers. Tentertain the opinion that it has become indispensably necessary to provide for the building of a secure and com. modious jail, at some point near the centre of population, for the con@nement of persons charged with criminal of- feuces, and recommend a tax for defraying the expenses of its construction. As errors in the forms of legislation are liable to occur in ull new territories, I would suggest the appointment af a committee to revise the acts and resolutions of the Le- gislative Arsembly of this Territory, with instructions to Teport to your next annual meeting, or earlier if deemed expedient. It is necessary that you take early action in filling oft- ces vacant in the Territory in consequence of the parties elected haying failed to be qualified, and in other casea where the offices have not been filled. There does not appear to have been any provision made hitherto for defraying the expenses of the courts, when sitting on territorial business, nor for the payment of charges for the maintenance and custody of prisoners. The importance of this subject will, I bope, secure for it your consideration. 4 I herewith transmit the report of the Auditor of Public Accounts, and that of the Territorial Treasurer, > which I submit for your action. A, CUMMING. FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. Sunpay, Jan. 30—6 P. M The past week was quieter than the preceding one, im commercial circles; though the volume of business trans- acted woula seem large if compared with most weeks of 1858. The imports continue to be large, and ag a general rule are paying a handsome profit. Perhaps the most striking incident of the week in the commercial world is the continued rise in flour. Parties in the West and in this city have undertaken to get upa speculative move- ment in breadstuffs, and by dint of bold purchases have caused the barrel of flour to advance nearly one dollar within the past three weeks. The advance has been more marked in the middle and lower than in the higher grades; but all have to some extent participated in the movement. ‘The advance of the past week was equal to 25 cents on the Darrel. It need hardly be remarked that the move- ment is purely speculative, and rests on no reliable basis. Atthis seagon of the year, with an enormous supply of breadstuffs in all the markets of the world, a speculation in the very inferior article yielded by last fall’s barvests in the United [States appears about as unpromising as a bull movement in fancy railroad stocks. Thus far, how- ever, the partisans of an advance in flour have carried their point; carried it so thoroughly that American flour might at this moment be imported at # profit from Great Britain. In cotton but little business was done last week. The receipt at the ports was 122,000 bales, against 69,000 same week last year, making the total receipts 2,190,000 bales, against 1,290,000 bales to same date in 1858, and 1,842,000 to same date of 1857. The export to Great Britain was 44,000 bales, against 64,000 bales same week last year, swelling the total ex- pert of the season to 1,108,000 bales, against 700,000 bales in 1857-8, and 720,000 in 1856-7. The news of a decline of 34 in England has had a tendency to check operations here, and holders would probably have to make conces- sions to effect sales, But the staple is quite firmly held at New Orleans and throughout the South. Provisions of all kinds continue to be in good demand at rates Inst quoted; some descriptions have moderately advanced. Sugars are steady. Coffee has been scarce and very firm throughout the week, An arrival on Thursday rather ease: the market; two cargoes which reached port yes- terday will probably havea tendency to moderate the pretensions of holders. Wool has been quiet, but very firm throughout the week, Iron, especially Scotch, is firmer and buoyant. The oil market has been partioular- ly active; the transactions in linseed oil have been unu- sually Jarge, and all descriptions are rather higher in price. Spices have advanced a’tritie since last week, The fuction sales of teas on Thursday and yesterday atracted Jarge audiences; the bidding was spirited, and the prices obtained the highest of the season. The dry goods mar- ket continues to be strong and healthy; the jobbers are buying freely, and hopes are as high as ever of a fair country trade. Prices, as a general rule, are unchanged from iast week. The forcign import was again exceeding- ly large, the entries being $2,982,246, against $721,611 iu the corresponding weck of 1858, and the amount thrown on the market $3,234,069, against $1,172,280. ‘The general foreign trade of the port even exceeded in amount the enormous trade of 1857. The imports, at the rate they are increasing, will soon create a demand for money that the banks will have some difficulty in supply- ing:— Imports, 1857. 1858. 1869. Dry goods.......... .$2,801,779 721,611 2,982,245 General merchandise, 1,180,211 1,083,450 1,868) Total for week ....$3,981,000 1, 70 4,846,212 Previously reported...11,108,811 3086048 11,847,908 Since January 1..$15,090,801 6,890,614 16,604,120 Exrorts EXcivatve OF SPRcir, ie... $086806 1Al0607 A trirteB Total for the weel Previously reported ..2,826,488 1,004,081 1,862, Since January 1...$3,213,724 8,328,728 2,628,200 Exports oF SPROIR. ark Gazelle, Rio Grande, doubloons Schr, Tomah, Arroya, American gold.. 6,000 See ened erate apes mer Jura, Liver J Rest «’ "&~” Mexican dollars... ..100,000 00 «City of Washington, Liv. , U.S. gold bars.177,698 5% Sebr. A. Kelly, Laguayra, U. 8. gold ooim.. 5,000 00 sehr. Medium, Port au Piatt, specie... 60 00 Previously reported Total for 1869........ descr gees ee82/844,162 20 The current estimates respecting tho bank average of ‘Specie to be made up to-morrow vary very widely. The banks have lost about three millions and a quarter to the Sub-Treasury and to the foreign world; they have re- ceived, on the other hand, $1,210,713 from California. ‘The Jatter amount, having been received on Friday after- noon, will, however, at most, only count one day in the average, and if any portion has not yet goue into bank the reserve will show so much the less, It is quite likelw that some parcels of gold have again been received from the East and Pennsylvania, Last Monday the banks showed an average of $20,472,000. If to-morrow they showed an average of $27,000,000 it would be considered a good exhibit, Many bank presidents are ab length awakening to the danger in which they stand. Liable to ‘he called upon by the country banks (whosq moans they