The New York Herald Newspaper, January 5, 1859, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS OFrice N. WO ecole advance. Money sent by mail will be ut the TERMS, cash tn oxtediive damage not recewed as subscription isk of the vender. bk HERALD, to cents per , $T per annum. eopy, oF 83 per annum; the European Bdition $4 per aan @ny part of Great Britain, or $5 to any part of the mtinent, bo tends Pwth Y HERALD, every Wadnesday, at four cents per ery, erannunt.. Mv FART. CORRESPONDENCE, containing important +s, solicited from any quarter of the world; if used, wi Tiberaily paid for, ‘Ray-OUR FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS ANE Panrictiany ReQuestep 70 Seat ALL LETTERS 4ND acs BENT ADVER: ENTS renewed every day; advertisements tn- 0A ERT iu Heat, Famity fixwatD, and in the Gulffornia and Buropecn JOB PRINTING exen 1) NOTICE taken of anonymous correspondence. We do not return rejected communications. Xd with neatness, cheapness and de- AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. ¥ THEATRE, Broadway—Afternoon and eega DT estula, GYMRASTIC AND AGKOBATIC FRATS— St. Gono AND THE DRacon, Be pool Mist— BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—Kyicars OF Tae Macro Barngt—Cartaix Kyo. 8 NEW THEATRE, Broadway.—Uxcix Tom’s come tun Wouios A Stace, WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Mencnant or Va- wick, AURA KEENE’S THEATRE, No. 624 Broadway.—Our axcunax Cousin—Tux Marnizp Rake. 'S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway—Afier- poet BAT Brening es Bour—Hakiguin Viniauah, " NSTREL BUILDING, 561 and 563 Broadway— Emr! ones, Dances, &c.—SovuTaers Lire [uivstkatEp. C8’ HALL, 427 Broadway—Brrants’ MinstR 21s —Nrouo Soves ano Bekuseaues—Sariock. \MPBELL’S MINSTRELS. 444 Broadway.—Erai0Pian Cohearranarics, Sones, &4c.—Dovste Bepped Room. New York, Wednesday, January 5, 1859. To Paper Manufacturers and Agents. ‘The proprictor of the New Yors Hxraty wants to make arrangements for a constant supply of printing paper, guch as the Heratp is printed upon, to the amount of 1,000 to 1,200 reams per week, payable in cash at the end ofeach week. Apply immediately. MAILS FOR EUROPE. Whe New York Herald—Edition for Europe. ‘The Cunard mail steamship Asia, Captain Lott, will leave this port to-day for Liverpool. The European mails will close in this city at eight o'clock this morning. ‘The European edition of the Hzrarp, printed in French and English, will be published at half-past seven o’clock in the morning. Single copies, in wrappers, six cents. Subscriptions and advertisements for any edition of the New Yourx Hxxatp will be received at the following places in Europe:— a Lowvon., ,.Sam) Low, Son & Oo., 47 Lu i me gar 8 He de la Bo sees LADS le Uree. fetes ow tare & Co., No. 9 Chapel sireet. R. Stuart, 10 Exchange street, Bast. Baves.....Lansing, Baldwin & Co., 21 Rue Coracille, Huuncna. De Chapeaunge & Co. ‘The contents of the European edition of the Herazp will @ombine the mews received by mail and telegraph at the Office during the previous week and up to the hour of publication. MAILS FOR THE PACIFIC, New York Herald—California Edition. ‘The United States mail steamship Illinois, Captain Mc- Gowan, will leave this port to-morrow afternoon, at two o'clock, for Aspinwall. ‘The mails for California and other parts of the Pacific ‘will close at one o'clock to-morrow afternoon. ‘The New York Weeaty Heratp—California edition— eontaining the latest intelligence from all parts of the orld, will be published at ten o'clock in the morning. Single copies, in wrappers, ready for mailing, six cents. Agents will pleage send in their orders as early as pos tible. The News. We are requested to announce that the United States mail steamship Illinois will sail for Aspinwall on Thursday, the 6th inst., at 2 P. M., instead of the 5th, her regular day. The detention is doubtless caused by the derangement of the mails by the se- vere snow storm. By the arrival of the overland mail we have San Francisco dates to the 10th ult., four days later than those previously received. Business was very dull. The ship Henry Brigham, from New York, had arrived. It is reported that a valuable vein of quartz bad been discovered in the suburbs of San Francisco. The news from Fraser river is stated to be of a more favorable character. Accounts from Utah state that the service of a civil process upon Brigham Young had been re- sisted by his friends, and that trouble would per- haps grow out of it. There is, however, but little danger of serious difficulty in that region so long as General Johnston, with his troops, remains there. The snow storm from which we have just emerged has been one of unusual severity. It has extended over « vast region, as our telegraphic despatches will show. Travel does not appear to have suffered much interruption, except at the eastward, where the snow drifts have blocked up the tracks pretty effectually. The election of a United States Senator by the TMlinois Legislature will take place to-day. Mr. Douglas has received the unanimous nomination of the democrats. The steamer Caledonia, from New York, bound to Venezuela and Paraguay, was at St. Thomas on the 20th ult. The steamship Fulton arrived at this port yes- terday evening, from Southampton, by way of Hali- fax, having been compelled to put into the last named place for coal, as announced in our paper of the Ist inst. Our files contain some interesting de- tails of the news up to the 15th ult. Lord Napier's recall from the post of British Ambassador at Wash- ington is officially announced in the London Gazette, which paper contains also the order of the Queen appointing Lord Lyons as hissuccessor. Lord Dun- fermline is to take the vacant place at the Hague when Lord Lyons leaves, and hence the mistake in telegraphing his name as the new Minister at Wash- ington. The organization of the French Nicara- guan Canal Committee was, it was said, completed in Paris, with Lieutenant Maury to represent the interests of the United States in that body. We publish the particulars of the arrests of the alleged filibuster revolutionists in Ireland, with the names of the most prominent of the prisoners. It was positively ass rted at Hong Kong, China, that the Emperor of Japan died soon after signing the treaty with the United States. The main Points of the French budget for 1860 are given to-day, ‘The European mails by the America will arrive in New York this morning. Reports from Manila, of the 22d October, assert that the government of Cochin China has refused to negotiate with the Anglo-French officers, Advices from Batavia, Java, dated on the 26th of October, say:—Accounts received from all places producing coffee, pepper, and other spices, speak favorably of the coming crops. It is said the Netherlands India government propose to raise to the throne the son of the dethroned king of Jambi; but at present the son remains in concealment, pro- bably doubting the sincerity of the offers made to place him on the throne. Accounts from Siam, dated at Bangkok on the 28th of October, state that there were apprehen- sions of a disturbance by the many Chinese settled at the capital. An additional guard of one thousand troops had for several nights surrounded the palace. On the 18th of October, the fifty-fourth anniversary of ‘he first king’s birthday, his Majesty gave a grand entertainment to the principal inhabitants. Among the guests were the British, French and United NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 5, 1859. States Consuls. His Majesty was about to visit the various places on the coast. Trade was not very active. There are now several mercantile firms established at Bangkok. 4 Congress re-assembled yesterday, after a recess of ten days. As previously agreed upon, the Se- nate took possession of their new chamber. The occasion was improved by the Vice President and Senator Crittenden, who delivered appropriate ad- dresses. A description of the new chamber is given in our report. After the removal the Senate pro- ceeded to business. The Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs reported bills providing for the construction of ten new vessels of war, and for in- creasing the pay of officers of the navy. The usual appropriation bills were reported by the Finance Committee. Nothing of importance transpired in the House. ‘The Legislature convened at Albany yesterday. As the republicans have a majority in the Asscm- bly, the caucus nominees of that party for Speaker, and the subordinate officers of the House, were elect- ed without unnecessary delay. The first Message of Governor Morgan was sent in at an early hour: ‘The document is given in full in to-day’s Hera.p, and in the editorial columns we have commented upon its principal points. The Board of Ten Governors of the Almshouse held their first meeting for the year 1859 at the usual hour yesterday, when they proceeded to re- organize by the election of Governor Dugro to the office of President, in place of Washington Smith and W. T. Pinckney to that of Secretary, in lieu of Mr. Dugro. Governors Breuninghausen and Town- send were installed as members for the five years next ensuing. The regular weekly statement of inmates showed the number remaining on the 1st of January, 1859, to be 7,842—of which number 1,197 have been admitted since the 25th of Decem- ber last. The number that have died, been dis- charged and sent to State prison and Penitentiary, is 1,168—the discharged being 1,044. The Grand Jury were not empannelled yester- day in the Court of General Sessions, in conse- quence of the panel not being summoned by the Sheriff. They will be sworn in to-morrow, when Judge Russell will deliver his charge. Martin Bar- ringer was tried and convicted of forgery in the second degree, having passed a counterfeit $5 bill onthe Union Bank. The City Judge sent him td the State Prison for five years and three months, observing that as that was his first offence he would inflict the lowest penalty the law allowed. Wm. Jones, a colored youth, pleaded guilty to forgery in the fourth degree, having been indicted for the second grade of that crime. He was remanded for sentence. An interesting and affecting meeting was held last evening in St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal church, corner of Twenty-second street and Fourth avenue, to bid farewell to four missionaries of the Canada Conference of the British Wesleyan connection— the Rev. Messrs. Evans, White, Robinson -and Browning—who leave this city ina few days for their future scene of labors, British Columbia. Mr. F. Hall presided, and the meeting was addressed by the Rey. Drs. Green, McClintock, and the gen- tlemen of the mission, who eloquently expatiated on the scene of their future labors, and succinctly demonstrated the want that existed for the mission- ary in British Columbia. ‘Bishop Janes also de- livered an instructive address, alluding to the pre- sent state and condition of Columbia and the Pacific coast, and commenting upon the results which will follow the dissemination of the Gospel and God's teachings in the locality to which the missionaries ‘were about to depart. After a kind farewell, in which the large audience took part, and a fervent prayer for the success of the mission from the Rev. Dr. Banks, the assemblage separated. ‘The cotton market continued firm yesterday, and the sales embraced about 3,500 bales, about 2,000 of which were in transit. We quote middling uplands at 12 a 123; cents, The flour market was without change in price. The violence of the snow storm in the forenoon had a ten- dency to check transactions, and hence sales were light. Wheat was firmly held for the better grades. Corn was firm, with limited sales, including good Western mixed at 80c.,and new yellow Jersey and white South, ern at 75c. Pork was rather firmer, with moderate saleg at prices given in another column. Sugars were firm, and the sales embraced about 450 hhds., at prices given in another place. Coffee was firm, but sales limited; 850 bags Maracaibo were sold at 12c., and a small lot extra Java atlic. For stocks made up yesterday we refer to another place. In freights there was a little more doing for Liverpool and London, but rates were without change, Meeting of the Legislature—The Governor's Message. The first Message of Governor Morgan, which document was transmitted to the Legislature yesterday, is given at length in our impression of this morning. It is neither much longer nor shorter than his predecessor's, and the im- portance of the questions of which it treats should secure for it a careful perusal. ‘The Governor commences with the usual re- view of the financial affairs of the State, which have been growing worse and worse since 1845, and which are still more gloomy at present than they have been heretofore. The entire funded debt of the State amounts to $30,913,258, of which amount the canals are responsible for $24,307,704 40. The balance is the general fund debt, of which there are instalments of $350,000 due in 1859, and $450,000 in 1860, There is alsoa debt on railway stocks to the amount of $570,000. The constitution of the State, on the wise .principle of counting fowls previous to incubation, set apart a certain por- tion of the canal revenues for the extinction of the general fund debt and the payment of the expenses of the government. Experience has preven that, instead of a surplus, the canals only present a deficiency (amounting last year to $706,574), and that a direct tax is necessary to raise money wherewith to pay the expenses of the government and the interest on the State debt. This direct tax was first levied in 1848 at the rate of one-half mill on every dollar of property, and has increased in 1857 to one mill and a quarter. A further increase to two mills will be requisite during this year. More than this, it is found that the canals have made a floating debt of four millions not pro- vided for by any appropriation, and altogether illegal, according to the constitution. A special vote of the people will be requisite before this debt can be legalized. The Governor believes that the canals should be enlarged and com- pleted; but in view of his gloomy exhibit of the State finances, he is evidently puzzled to see where the money is to come from to do it with, He is in favor of direct taxation, and a fair, equitable valuation as a proper basis for it. In a guarded way he calls attention to the rotten con- dition of the railways within the State. Of the whole number—eighty-eight—only twelve have paid dividends. The Legislature might, in the opinion of the Executive, protect the stockholders from being swindled in this wholesale manner, An important reform in the prison discipline of the State is recommended. Since 1845 the super- intendence of the prisons has been confined to three inspectors, who are elected on general tickets—one each year—by the people. Since this act was adopted the earnings of the prisons have invariably fallen short of the expenses. Last year the deficit, which has been gradually increasing, amounted to $234,290. The Executive recommends the repeal of the act, and the adoption of a new one, by which the number of tospectors shall be limited to one, who shall be appointed by the Governor and Senate, and be removable at their pleasure. This principle in executive govern- ment we have always advocated, and the Go- vernor could not have done better than to have extended it a little further-‘than the prisons. Upon the Quarantine question the Message is firm and decided. The Governor recommends the removal of the Quarantine ground either to Old Orchard Shoa!s or Sandy Hook; thinks that the federal governm: nt should be consulted; re- commends the appoi.'ment of a new Commission to take the whole m:'ter in consideration; be- lieves that the machinery of Quarantine might easily be made less cum’: ous, complicated and expensive, and states that ‘he Legislature will find it necessary to provide tur the pay and sub- sistence of the troops that have been quartered at Staten Island, either by a tax upon the county of Richmond or by an appropriation from the State Treasury. The recommendations of the Executive on these points are precisely the same as the views which have been expressed from time to time in these columns, and itis to be hoped that the Legislature will settle the ques- tion inthe manner suggested by the Message: Incidental to this subject we have an allusion to the falling off of immigration and the conse- quent financial embarrassment of the Commis- sioners, who will have still another claim upon the exhausted State Treasury. The Metropolitan police is well spoken of; but in reference to the request of the Commissioners for an increase of the force, the Governor thinks that the matter should be left where the, law places it—in the hands of the Supervisors. As they represent the taxpayers, the wisdow of this suggestion is apparent. There isa strong recom- mendation for a Registry law, which is demanded imperatively by the people. The Governor dis- countenances the use of the pardoning power, except in extreme cases, and recommends a change in the criminal code, whereby the term of imprisonment for a “certain class of offences” (What class’), shall be shortened. The passage of an act authorizing aliens who are actual resi- dents to hold and convey real estate is recom- mended. The Message suggests that the present Liquor law shall be fairly tried, recommends the amendment of the Port Wardens’ bill, and gives a severe hit at the lobby, which would be more apropos at the same time when the Executive is called upon to give his assent to a bill that has been forced through the Legislature by improper influences. That there will be plenty of such opportunities during the session no one can doubt. Retrenchment in printing bills is mildly suggested, and more deliberation in making up the appropriations for the year is requested. The reformatory and charitable institutions of the State are represented to be in a flourishing condition. The expenses of the free schools for the year amounted to $3,792,948, The number of children in the State between the ages of four and twenty-one is 1,240,176; the number that attend school, 842,137. We have thus given a brief synopsis of the leading points in the Executive Message. With two exceptions, which we shall note presently, it is a fair business-like document, and gives a straightforward view of State mattem, Like all such documents, it is non-committal to o degree, except upon points where there can be no dispute. But the most importaat matter that will demand the attention of the’ Legisla- ture during the session, to wit, the municipal government of New York city, is passed over in silence. With a Governor who transacts busi- ness and pays taxes in the metropolis, such an omission is remarkable, and betrays a lack of nerve which does not promise well for the future. In absurd contrast with this error of omission is another of commission. The Message winds up with an oration on the negro question arfd the position of the Stafe of New York on the question of slavery’ restriction. We should really like to know what possible consequence it is to us whether or not the black man is held in bonds a thousand miles away from us, com- pared with the evils that misrule and corruption have brought upon the white man within our own borders. Here we have a State government plunged in debt, and city affairs in a still worse condition, while our Executive preaches com- placently upon the texts furnished by some worn out and tumble down party abstractions. It looks, seriously, as if Mr. Morgan does not in- tend to forget the politician in the magistrate, and that we have but little more to expect from his administration than from those which have preceded it. Trt New Senate Haut at Wasnivatox.—The United States Senate changed the Jocale of its sittings yesterday. As will be seen by our Con- gressional report, the removal of this august body to their new hall was made the occasion of great selfglorification. Mr. Crittenden’s vale- dictory to the old Senate chamber was a most affecting affair, and must have brought tears into the eyes of his auditors. He told them of the great names and the great deeds which had im- mortalized that apartment, and hoped that his colleagues, in removing to their new chamber, would carry with them the inspiration of their predecessors. We think he would have done well to have reminded them that there are habits and practices inconsistent with the dignity of Senators which it would be well to leave behind them. We trust, for instance, that the noble hall which is to form the future theatre of their operations will be free from the ungentlemanly personality and violence which have occasion- ally disgraced the old Senate chamber. As the nation has gone to the expense of providing a palace for their sittings, the least that can be ex- pected from them is that their conduct shall be in keeping with the gentility of their surround- ings. TransatLantic Passenoer Travric. — On figuring up the number of passengers eonveyed by steamships between the European and Ameri- can ports during the last twelve months, we find that whilst the arrivals here have diminished about eight thousand, as compared with 1857, the departures have increased about three, This fact would go to show that whilst the depression resulting from the panic has to a certain extent discouraged immigration to this country, it has had a precisely contrary effect on outward travel. Many of the Irish and German opera- tives who had succeeded in laying by a little money no doubt availed themselves of the forced leisure which the stagnation of business afforded them to visit their relatives and friends abroad. ‘The same may be said of the wealthier class of business men, who, finding that their Presence here could be productive of no advantage, took the opportunity of spending a few months in Europe. These are the probable causes of the increase in the number of steamer Passengers from our ports, at a time when the general dul- ness of trade and the scarcity of money led peo- ple to anticipate a different result, Mexico and Central America—What Course Should the Cabinets of -Amerwa and Europe Pursue ? The intelligence from Mexico, and the de- velopement of the plans of the filibusters, which was published yesterday are full of import to our own government and to those of Europe. Affairs between the Rio Grande and the isthmus of Panama are so shaping themselves as to call for the serious attention of the Cabinets of the world. There the routes of trade between our Atlantic and Pacific empire lie; there the paths of commerce between Europe and Aus- tralia and China are to pass; there the merchants, the diplomatists, and the navies of the Old World and the New, are to meet and harmonize in safety. Yet every wind that comes from be- yond our Southern border brings tidings of civil wars and social anarchy, of nations crumbling to pieces, and peoples relapsing into barbarism. It would be criminal, at a time when all nations are looking forward with hope to the peaceful transit of the isthmuses of America, to blin1 our eyes to the true condition of affairs there, and to the manifest anarchy to which they are tending. However much the short sighted politicians of any country may deem it wisdom on their part to oppose the ea tablishment of a preponderating influence by any other over these now discordant elements, the time has already come when the true interest of the whole world demands that some such influence should exist. The peaceful develope- ment of commerce must continue undisturbed, and whoever or whatever is inimical to it be- comes the enemy of all. First in geographical order comes Mexico. There we find a bitter contest raging in regard to principles vital to the organization and pro- gress of society, but which in itself is destructive of society. The church and the army cling to the system which maintains ecclesiastical and military privileges, and defend it tenaciously; the people have listened to the teachings of the age, and, claiming political and social rights equal to those of the priest and the soldier, combat fiercely for them. The result of such a conflict is evident. Wherever the remnant of the veteran army appears victory crowns its banners, and the undrilled popular masses are scattered. No sooner is the army drawn to some new point of danger, than the popular hordes gather again and wreak their vengeance on all who are opposed to them. This is the key to the constant movements of General Miramon between the capital and San Luis, and San Luis and Guadalajara; of General Echeagaray between the capital and Puebla, and between Puebla and Orizaba and Perote; of the defeats of Degollado, Vidaurri, Blancogand Garza, and their constant re-appear- ance at the head of new armies, claiming new victories. Both parties are rapidly consuming the resources of government and society, while neither is able to defeat the other, or to control the anarchical principles within them- selves. In Central America the elements for a similar conflict are arraying themselves. President Mora, in Costa Rica, has suppressed by force all expression of opinion antagonistic to himself, caused himself to be proclaimed by the old Span- ish colonial title of Captain-General, has adopt- ed an exploded system of finance, and monopo- lized for his own benefit the sale ofseveral articles, such as liquors and powder, and has adopted as the policy of government some of the most des- potic theories of the past ages. Nicaragua is pursuing the same course. The so-called Con- stituent Assembly of that republic has adopted a constitution during the last year making the government of President Martinez a pure despo- tism. He is empowered to arrest and confine any one without previous accusation or trial, and in conjunction with any two senators, con- vened by himself, can banish them from the country upon the sole ground that he believes public order to be menaced. These two despotisms—for they are nothing else—are at this moment seeking European protection and a firm alliance with the half-breed Carrera, the Dictator of Guatemala. These facts are the key to the connivance which has recently been discovered between the liberal party in Leon and Honduras and the Walker filibusters in this country. The course of the so-called conservatives who are in power is driving the liberals to desperation, and lead- ing them to call in the filibusters, in hopes'to tri- umph through their aid rather than enter upon the long war of devastation and ruin that is now raging in Mexico. The past errors in policy and government made by Walker, and the incompe- tency exhibited by him, have been the strongest support and the most perfect defence against public opinion that the Mora and Martinez des- potisms have had. Without the fear of a fili- buster invasion Nicaragua and Costa Rica would probably have exhibited again before this all the horrors of civil war. As it is, the present state of peace cannot be long maintained. Such is the course of events in Central Ameri- ca and Mexico; and there isa philosophy in them which should not be passed lightly over by our Cabinet and those of. the Western nations of Europe. That system of military and ecclesiastical despotism which was built up by Ferdinand and Isabella and their suc- cessors on the ruin of the fueros of Aragon and comuneros of Castile, and which has endured for three centuries in Spanish America, is now crumbling to pieces before the spirit of the age. Forty years of strife, and of agitation and experi- ment, have taught even the illiterate people of Spanish America many things, and the impulse which they now obey is one of antagonism to a corrupt church and a sword governed State. Our example has been instructive to them, however imperfectly they may have followed it; and now they do not fail to see that the footprints of our migration are upon their borders, and that the lines of our industrial and commercial develope- ment are enveloping them in their folds. In presence of these facts it is not difficult to see what result must come. The republic of com- merce demands peace and safety for its interests in those regions. England and France have that claim upon them, and they have no other which it is their interest or their true policy to pursue. Aggrandizement from territorial acquisitions there they could not obtain, while such an attempt would bring them in direct conflict with the tendencies of the people, and the necessary developement of our domestic intercourse between the Atlantic and Pacific shores of the United States. In attempting it they would provoke & popular hostility in this country which would in the end be far more disastrous to their com- mercial interests than could be recompensed by gains in Mexico or Central America. The United States, and the United States alone, is called to exercise its influence in those countries for the benefit of the commerce of the world Qur goverameut is in agcord with the tendencies of the age in Spanish America, our government alone can deal with and control that chivalric spirit on the part of our citizens which leads them to sympathise and unite with any people seeking to overthrow tyranny of either State or church, and our government alone can prevent the entanglement of the lines of our develope- ment which are already running through and around these regions. Tn the performance of this high duty our go- vernment should enter at once upon the field of action both in Mexico and Central America. No European Power can control all the elements in- volved in this whirlpool, and their interference can only prolong the conflict and increase the destruction, as is evinced in the course of the French Minister in Mexico. It is useless to sup- pose, either in Washington, London or Paris, that the course of American developement can be ar- rested. It can only be guided, and it should be guided by a Power sympathizing with it and with which it sympathizes, It forms a part, and a vital part, of the developement and progress of the whole world; and were it possible to check it, the check would be as deeply and as dis- astrously felt by the material interests of Europe as by those of America, The leading govern- ments of the worfd should, therefore, unite in iheir policy, as they are united in interest, and develope a policy ceding to the United States the lead in controlling the councils of the an- archical States of this continent, Asa member of the great republic of trade, with interests in- volved as great as any one, she cannot go wrong, for the day is past when any government can succeed in a selfish policy for the aggrandize- ment of a prince. The truly greatest good of a part is the greatest good of all. Is ruere a Cusan Conspmacy on Foor?— Constant efforts are being made to get up the im- pression that there isa tremendous conspiracy on foot to revolutionize the island of Cuba, and pitch the Spanish officials head and heels into the Caribbean Sea. For this purpose sensation stories have been poured into the willing ears of newspaper correspondents, letters innumerable have been written to the government at Wash- ington, and the journals have been flooded with startling hints of something that was to come off somewhere. Nobody heeded these denunciations and seeming revelations; and now the inventive agitators have taken to sending telegraphic despatches of an alarming character from seve- ral quarters of the country to the newspapers and to the government. Somebody evidently wants a little persecution for patriotism’s sake, or a short lived notoriety as a conspirator. That there is a pereistent effort on foot to im- press upon the public mind the conviction that another Cuban conspiracy is on the tapis is very evident. Whoever the parties are, they have agents or dupes in several places. We have re- ceived anonymous communications on the sub- ject from parties in this city, from Washington, from Charleston, and from New Orleans, to none of which have we paid the slightest regard. Other journals have been led to give some circulation to these inventions, but no single fact has been brought out to show that there is really anything serious in the matter. In the quarters of this-city which are thejcentre of all these operations, where the money and arms are procured and sent off for all such expeditions, there is no agitation or movement of ‘any kind. In the South only one name has been mentioned in connection with the subject, and here none. Who Gen. Releau is, that is to perform these great feats, nobody knows, for no one ever heard of him before now. There are two parties interested in having Cuban conspiracies talked about in the Ameri- can newspapers, and when one starts the subject the other plays into its hands by endeavoring to keep the ball in motion. These parties are the Cuban officials—who acquire great credit, titles, crosses, ribbons and promotion, for preserving the island to the Spanish Crown amid so many dangers—and certain weak and disaffected Cubans, whose sole aim and effort are to impress upon their oppressed brethren in Cuba a convic- tion of their patriotism and constant exertion in behalf of their country. It isa godsend to both of these opposing interests whenever the Ameriean journals will talk about a Cuban conspiracy. One party cuts out everything that is published and sends it to Madrid asa proof of their danger and valor; the other as sedulous- ly sends the paragraphs in letters and papers, which are smuggled into Cuba as indubitable proofs of their patriotic sacrifices and exertions. We are well aware of the general sentiment of dissatisfaction with the Spanish government that pervades the Cuban mind; but we also know that since the Quitman movement in 1854 no organ- ized attempt at revolution has been conceived in Cuba, nor entertained by any responsible parties in this country. At the present moment there is no practical design for revolution on foot, either in that island or here, and the present outery can only emanate from persons whose public character and notoriety are kept up by magnifi- cent false pretences. Tae Inon Movemsyt—Ex-Senator Coorer’s Sreecu at PurapeLruia.— We publish this morning in full the speech of ex-Senator Cooper, delivered the other evening in Philadelphia, be- fore a meeting of the leading iron masters of Pennsylvania, in reference to their policy and the policy of the government upon that great and important branch of American industry, enter- prise and power, comprehended in our various manufactures of iron, hot and cold. Apart from all considerations affecting politicians and Pre- sidential parties, this speech of Mr. Cooper will repay a careful perusal, on account of the highly interesting and valuable statistics which it em- braces of iron manufactures in this and other countries. But in reference to the next Presi- dency, the intelligent reader will perceive in this iron movement a new and disturbing ele- ment obtruding itself among the sectional and nigger agitating parties of the day—an element the strength of which may be imagined from the magnificent aggregates of capital, labor and in- telligence connected in Pennsylvania alone with the iron interest. Specific duties for the protection of our home manufactures of iron, it appears,do not find favor with the House Committee at Washington of Ways and Means; but that, on the contrary, the majority of this committee are in favor of the ad valorem system recommended by Mr. Secretary Cobb. We are thus persuaded that, although a majority of the House of Representatives may be found to sustain the specific iron duties recommended by the President, the ad va- lorem proclivities of the members of the Senate from the South and West will most probably de- feat the object of that incidental protection to the iron interest which the President desires to secure. Thus, too, froma conflict between the two houses, we suspect that if anything shall be doue upon thé tarifl’ this session for the relieg of Mr. Cobb, nothing, or the next thing to ne. thing, will be done for the encouragement of our home iron manufactures. From this conclusion, it is evident that this combination of the iron masters of the Union will be brought to bear upon the next Congress and the next Presidency; and we think, from the vast amount of capital, labor and political in- fluence which this iron interest commands, that it may command the turning point in the recon- struction of parties, or the balance of power in the next Presidential election. Read the speech ‘ of Mr. Cooper. Can tHe Law Covrrs be Orenep orn Transact Busrvess on Exection Day !—In pursuance of a proclamation of Governor King, an election will be held to-day in the Fourth Congressional dis- trict, (comprising the Fourth, Sixth and Four- teenth wards of this city), for a representative in Congress to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of the Hon. John Kelly, now Sheriff of New York. Title 2 of the 6th chapter of part st of the Revised Statutes defines what are general and what are special elections. The election to-day is special, and appointed to be held under the provisions of this chapter. By title 1 of the eame chapter it is provided as follows:—“No court shall be opened or transact any business in any city or town on the day such election shall be held therein.” Judge Thomp- ‘son, of the Marine Court, suggested these provisions to our law reporter, and ex- pressed an opinion that the courts could not be legally opened on the day appointed for a special election of representatives in Congress. In consequence of the importance of the question, he sought an interview with Judge Roosevelt, of the Supreme Court, who inclined to the opinion that it would not be safe to transact any business in the courts, unless by consent of all parties concerned—as well litigants as coun- sel, witnesses and jurors. Judge Thompson re- ferred to a case in the Supreme Court reported in 7th Hill, page 194. From these authorities it is very evident that the courts have no power to transact any busi- ness to-day, unless by consent of all parties in- terested; and it is very questionable whether consent of parties would confer jurisdiction upon the courts to transact business ona general or special election day, as was decided in the case of Cancemi. ‘There are vital principles of public Policy in- volved in the structure of our election laws which render this question one of some public importange. Tue Lossy ox Hanp.—We understand that the meeting of the new republican Legislature at Albany has drawn there already an unusually large and hungry swarm of lobby birds from all quarters, and of all sorts,.sizes and colors. “Where the carcass is there will the vultures be gathered together;” and before the end of the month we shall probably learn something pf, the opetations of these Albany jobbers in their plans and schemes for the spoils and plunder of this unfortunate city. The lobby placers at Wash- ington have become rather poor of late, and Weed and his gang have thus been compelled to fall back upon Albany. The Opportunity there is inviting—there they have the power, the spoils within their reach are tempting, and we cannot imagine how this island of Manhattan is to escape. Let us watch the lobby. a ae Tue Mormons Acar.—It is given out in certain reports from Utah that more trouble is apprehended with the Mormons—that there are no signs of peace between them and the Gentiles, but very strong symptoms of a general row. We think, however, that all apprehensions of this sort may be dismissed. The army near Great Salt Lake, under General Johnston, is a sufficient po- lice force to guarantee the maintenance of law and order; and there, we presume, this police force will stay at least till next spring, and then, per- haps, we shall have a definite solution of the pro- blem whether Brigham Young is resolved to re- main where he is and submit, or to move off to some newly discovered land of promise in some other quarter of the globe. Mr. Dovoras mw a Tigar Prace.—Mr. Douglas has been readily nominated by the de- mocracy of the Illinois Legislature for a re-clec- tion to the Senate; but it appears that the re- publicans can prevent, if they choose, the quo- rum required for business; and it further appears that they are really inclined thus to stave off this Senatorial election to a more convenient season. Mr. Douglas, therefore, is in a tight place, and his re-election becomes an exceedingly doubtful question. We fear that he has beea crowing too soon. THE LATEST NEWS. AFFAIRS AT THE NATIONAL CAPITAL, Our Special Washington Despatch, THE CONVENTION OF AGRICULTURISTS—THE PRO- MOTION OF COMMODORE STEWART—THE SLAVE TRADE—OREGON AND WASHINGTON WAR DEBTS— OUR FOREIGN RELATIONS—APPOINTMENTS, ETC. Wasmaton, Jan, 4, 1859, The addresses of Senator Crittenden and Vice President Breckenridge to-day, in the old Senate chamber, on leav- ing it, were particularly impressive, and are spoken of by all as eloquent in the highest degree. The Convention of Agriculturists met again to.day. It ‘was chiefly occupied in discussing what interrogatories should be admitted for examination and discussion. The question now before Congress, to donate lands for agricul- tural colleges, consumed most of the time, and led toa dispute, until Col. Morrell brought to the remembrance of gentlemen the fact that they were not called to Washing- ton for such purpose. The prospect is that this conven- tion, for want of proper arrangemont and a superior mind at the head of the Agricultural Bureau to direct it, will end in gas and effect no useful object. The House Committee on Naval Affairs will at their meeting to-morrow take up the question submitted to them—Whether any further legislation Is necessary to carry out the treaty for the suppression of the slave trade. It is thought this question may give rise to some acbate owing to recent occurrences in the Southern States, ‘The same committee will take up the proposition of con- ferring the rank of Admiral on Commodore Sttwart, and report it to the House. Mr. Faulkner, from the Military Committee, has nearly completed the examination of the war debts of Oregon and Washington Territories, and will soon call the atten: tion of Congress to the subject, unless some provision be made to meet the heavy demands these debts involve, ‘The bill will hardly pass this Congress, The House Committee on Foreign Affairs will at their meeting to-morrow take up the question of our relations with Cuba, Mexico, and Central America; and also Mr. Branch’s resolution appropriating a million dollars for carrying on negotiations for the purchase of Cuba. The Senate wont into executive session at a late hour, ‘and referred a large number of appointments sent in to.day to proper committees. The name of Mr. Mansficld, Sur. veyor Gencral of California, who failed to be confirmed last session, was sent to the Senate again today. A desperate fight will be made on his ease, Gwin is for him and Broderick against. THE GENERAL NEWSPAPER DRSPATOH. Wasiincrow, Jan, 4, 1850. Various contradictory rumors are in cireulation rela- tive to the Nicaragua filibusters. Among these reports is one that the President hag recgiyed m telegraphia 4