The New York Herald Newspaper, October 31, 1858, Page 2

2 NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, OCTOBER 31, 1858, THE OVERLAND ROUTE TO THE PACIFIC, Special Correspondence of the Herald. Tueson, Arizona, Uot. 2, 1868, The First Ov land Mail from St. Louis Arrived at Tucsom—Muricr of Amerivcans—Descriptin of the Route from Rei River to the Great Staked Plain— Taming Wild Aules—New Roads— Roughing It’ — Phantom Hill—Military Posts—Accidents and Inci- dents—No Trouble from the Indians—Horrible Murders by Mexicans, de. , dc. ‘The frst overland mail from St. Louis and Memphis ar- rived here this evening at half past eight, but thirty-one hours behind time, having made up twelve of tho torty- three hours behind at Franklin, opposite El Paso, We have bad excellent weather so far, and no accidents or troubles from the Indians. We are confident of reaching San Francisco within the twenty-five days. Isond you ‘the details of the trip as far as T have been able to com- plete them from the roughness of the roads. I hawe yet to give you tho details of our journey across Western ‘Pexas, the fertile valley of the Rie Grande amd the moun tains of New Mexico. Aside from the matters of interest along the route, the only news is of the murder of three Ameri- cans at Dragoon Springs, about seventy-five miles from bere, by the Mexicans The Americans were named James Burr, James Cunningham and Lang. Mr. Silas B. St. John, of New York, narrowly escaped with bis life by bravely defending himself. It appears that the Mexicans waited until the Ame- ricans were asleep, and then attacked them with faxes, killing the three almost instantly. They then atiacked St. John, who defended bimscif with bis pistol, though severely wounded, and drove them off. After they left he lay there three days and four nights, until the first mail from San Francisco came along, being then almost dead from his wounds, hunger and thirst. He is now lying in the hospital at Fort Buchanan, and is likely to recover. All the parties were employed at the station by the Mail Company. It is supposed that the Mexicans dosigned to plunder the station, as when they escaped they took some property with them. A large reward has been offered for their appreheusion. My previous letters have traced our course from St. Touts through Western Missouri, Arkansas and the Indian territories to the Red river border of Texas, at Colbert's ferry, where we arrived thirty-five hours in ad time-table time. Though the country through which we had passed was but sparsely peopled, it seemed like Jeaving home to bid farewell even to these settlements to proceed through the wilds of Texas, along its lonely aad barren bills and dangerous fromier to the Rio Grande. ‘The very log huts of the friendly Choctaws were like home in comparison to the almost uninhabited wilds which we ‘were to traverse, where all the evidence of the presence of man was the faint trail of the teamsters. Up to this our progress had been quite rapid, as thi - tweon the stations were comparatively shor changes of teams were generally in readiness; but in the ‘unsettled country through which we were to pass the sta- tions were more irregular, less prepared aud stocked with animals, and the roads by no means better, and we had yet toexperience the beauties of waiting to tame wild mules and “roughing it” ou the road, so that all the time which we bad gained was needed for the future, As I told you in my last, we crossed the Red river at Colbert's ferry, eight miles below Preston, found many improvements on the road in progress on the Texas side of the river, under the liberal ement of Grayson county, in which the flourishing town of Sherman is situated, and ‘where we arrived on Monday afternoon, September 20. As we were now a day ahead of time, we should not have found teams in readiness had not an ex- press been sent in advance to notify Mr. Bates, the Super. intendent between Sherman and Fort Chadbourne. His part of the road was #0 poorly stocked with animals, and ‘those be had were so wora out in forwarding stuff for the Other parts of the line, that he bad to bire an extra team of mules, at short notice, to forward the mail to the next Station, and these were pretty well tired from working all day. Most of his stock consisted of wild males, which Lad just been broken, and the process had uot Otted them very well for carrying the mail with rapidity. Our extra team, however, took us along pretty fast. We left Sher- man at 4:40 P. M. onthe 20th. Gur course iay across a fine rolling prairie, coyered with fine grass, but with no trees and scarcely @ shfub for eightoen miles, crossing « number of beds of little brooks which were now dry, but whose banks in winter afford plentiful grazing for cattle, where rolling prairies thus intersected extend for fixty miles, to the Lower Cross Timbers, a range of wide woodland extending from the Red river to the Bra- 708 across this portion of Texas. The first station after Jeaving Sherman was Wwenty mies distant, and our team travelled it im three hours,so that before we reached there the beautiful moonlight lit up the vast prairie, making its sameness appear like the boundless sea and its hills like the rolling waves. Here we stopped and had the first opportunity of witueseiug the operation of harnessing wild mule. First be had to be secured with a laretto round his neck and drawn by main force to a tree or post; then the harness bad to be put on piece by piece, care Deing taken to avoid his teeth and heels. Altogedher I Should estimate the time consumed in the process et not ess than half an bour to cach wild male, and that. when the mail has to wait for it might, I think, much better be Bpent on the road. Indeed, I should quite as much deem it in accordance with the spirit of the age to see ‘wait for the leather of the mail bags or harness t ned. I was much amused with the process, but it seemed little behind the age for the mail to wait for it, and no doubt when all the company's wild mules are tamed the mai! will make better time Fortunately our had hastened the preparations, fo we were not long detained bere and made our next thirteen miles to Gainesville, another flourishing litte town, in good time. After bastily swallowing supper and changing horses, we were off again and made our next Station in the woods, fifteen miles distant, in two hours nd ten minutes, Mr. Bates, who accompanied the mail, being determined to make the best possible tume At this Station there was nothing in reatiness, the express rider having lost his way, and some detention was experienced in harnessing more wild mules: Another disadvantage under which we labored this trip ‘was that our road for the most of the way was near! ew, though Mr. Bates claime that from Sherman to Bel- nap at least forty miles are saved by it. [i Jeads through the counties of Grayson, Cooke, Jacks, Montague, Wise aud Young, all of which contribute towards its expenses, and Certainly it must be a favorite with some, for though onl; opened on neuen ‘betere 1 passed over K & wes ol ready pretty well marked with wagon tracks. There wore very few heavy grades, and the combined efforts of the counties and the mail ee bids far wo become soon anegcellent road. It must every day of ite use. Soon after leaving Gainesyilie we strike the Lower Cross Timbers, throngh which the new runs for twenty miles. The trees grow wide apart, re mainly of postoak. As I rode through them, t spaces, abseuce of underbrush amd clean looking s, gave the entire Wood the appearance of ® vast or ‘and I could not get rid of the impression that ¢ was plenty of fruit athand.. Just on the edge of the Lower Cross Timbers we came t0 a station on the new Toad, where we bad the first of a of rough meals, which lasted for most of the remaining journey. The house was built of rough logs Ind together roughly, and the chinks filled tn with mod. The louse was about twenty feet « forming one room, and was occupied by two men, ying bachelors’ hall, as might weil be Judged from the condition of things, of which the read may imagine, Our arrival was unexpected, and there w home bustle in getting bot vakiast and the team ready ‘The breakiast was served on the & ud such as sat down were perched om iverted pails or nature's chair. There were no plates, and bet foor tin cups for the coffee, which was served without milk or sugar. As there were six of we, including drivers and workmen, those not lucky enough to get a lirst cup had to walt for the second table The did’ there was baked on t tom of a tandie box —conssted of a kind of short cake honk h man breaking off bis f with his pocket knif tween the Red riv on tine route at prese: y when the line vi to the stations. Such eve ale by the host to ry eat it,” which we did, to the po Hite chickens, It tasted good t) me, and I can assure you that it would doubtless taste o= we'll to any one Coming over the same route at the fame rate of Bpeed We rode the next twenty miles in four hours and twenty minutes, over our new road, our course taking us through alternate plains and woods. These little plains fk with timber and appearing extremely fertile ® most inviting for the hand of the farmer, and pro- tmiving to yield abundant'y for the slightest labor. The frequency of these beautify! spots was quite remarkable Goring this ride; the woods seomed to alternate so rf jarly with theme little plaine | was quite sorry had passed them, Another sixteen mile rite vir nd a half, brought us to Jacksborough. Th thoagh but a year old oo: ie ed inbabitamte, it i on thy b proached it, looked | ta surface with this town upon tts t » h mules here, and rode all might th © country, studded with musquit tm . { crom between the crabap ‘ tnd seldom larger than a respectable et Cor mules were exceedingly stubborn Juring the night, and required the most constant Tt would seem v them on a reepectable trot b might be employed, with both economy on this and many other portions of the is barely possible that the mules may do and hard work, both of which Mr. Bates ns Willing to furnieh We arrived at Belknap on Wed ay, the 22d of Bept at 5-25, in just four hours behind the time im which we should have made it, but etl! twenty-seven hours shea’ of the timetable time which, considering the mules, 1 thought was domg won ers for the first trip Fort Rolknep is on the Brazos river, and is the county peat of Yoong county, Texas, and also 'a frontier miltery . About (wo months e\ner the whole Secoud regi eneampet, but now there are yt that regimen wo hae @ houres, moet , and a billicrd galoon and post office (the extent of my observation daring o warn beef stay io transi. 1 could pot see the fort, t detained very. good breakfast at the master's howse The fort i¢ not very formidable Ae nt nap we vaned the Brazos river, fording it with « ve lirty red water was not deeper than fn ordinary New York gutter. The river was, howe very low, bot at times there ia consirable Water here, and Known to be as deep as sixteen feet, so that hing a ferry, to pro tiee Our course led us for forty ie pauness was ony contemplate rata t all poset ve pone whuee Ste | less riek of breaking my neck varied by ch of black oaks or weeds and coarse grass, with ly a house or field to beguile the dreary spectacle. The only objects of interest passed on the road were a train of government mules, a Indian woman riding ‘‘straddle,’’ and herds of cattle taking care of themselves. This woman, by the way, | was the only one of the bloodthirsty Camanche nation that I had the pleasure of seeing, though terrible tales are told of their deeds of blood in this section of the coun- try, in the way of stealing stock and taking the scalps of straggling travellers. Some of the settlers here say that these acts of depredation are often committed by the Camanches on the Reservation, with arms furnished by our Indian agents, while the Northern Camanches get the credit of it. ‘The Clear Fork of the Brazos was not very clear, but even. its muddy waters were a grateful boon for a bath while our horses wore being changed at the station on the banks. Here were in progress of erection a log hut for the station keeper and help, and acorral or yard in which to herd the mules and catch them for harnessing. Dr. Birch, the mailagent, had everything in readiness, so that I ha‘ to finish dressing in the wagon, so was the delay. They Sangeet wage however, and took a heavier loaded one, which T though was bad policy. Our next stopping place was at Smith’s station, twenty-three miles from Clear Fork, on the banks of a small creck, No house had been built yet, those at the station living in tents. They had nearly finished a fine corral for the stock, making it of brush, as no timber could be had, and filling in tho chinks with mud. Our supper consisted of cake cooked in the coals, clear coffee, and some dried beef, cooked in Mrs. Smith’s beat style. We cl ed horses or mules and swallowed s: in doable quick time, and were soon on our way again. Our road from Clear Fork lay for a time through a little valley, and wound amoug the hills almost on alevel. Onour left _ noticed two blufts whose position reminded me forci- bly of East and West Rock, as seen on entering New Haven harbor. But they weré merc hills, as most ooecale through rolling plains, covered with good grass and mus- quit timber—a sorry landscape I assure you. Our way was, however, much enlivened by ‘Big Dick,’ our driver, who amused us with accounts of how he was three days “on the canal and never saw land, because he was drunk in the hold,” and various other things. ‘Our next stopping place was at Phantom Hill, a deserted military 1, seventy-four miles from Fort Belknap and fifty six from Chadbourne, on the road between the two. It was I believe built in 1851 or 1852, and after being ocou- pied for some time was destroyed by fire by the soldiers in 1853, on the occasion of their being ordered to some other post. Over half a million dollars worth of property was destroyed at the time; yet after a pre- tended investigation, no conclusion was arrived at as to the cause of the diabolical deed. It was said that the officers and men were heartily disgusted with the station, and wished to make certain of never going back; that,as they were leaving the fort, one of the principal officers was heard to say that he wisbed the place would burn down, and that the soldiers, taking him at his word, stayed behind and fired the buildings. Two things are pretty certain: first, that the soldiers did not like the place; and second, that whether accidentally or not, it burned down just as they left it. Most of the chimneys are still standing, and as they reflected the light of the full moon as we di might well become the title of ‘‘Phantom Hill.” are the ruins of from forty to fifty buildings, including an observatory and a magazine; the latter was built entirely of stone, aud was so little injured that Dr. Birch took it for a company storchouse; the stable is alsoa fine stone building, so that, altogether, Phantom Hill is the cheapest and best new station on the route. There is a fine well, eighty feet deep and twenty feet in diameter, which, when we passe@, had seventoen feet of water in it. One of the houses whose walls are nearly perfect is used by the station men. Mr. Burlington and his wife we found bere all alone, hundreds of miles from any settlement, bravely stopping at their post, on Phantom Hill, fearless of the attacks of bloody-thirsty In- dians—as brave a man as ever settled on a frontier, and a monument of shame to the cowardly soldiers who burned the post. The fort is now needed to protect the frontier, and should form one of a great chain of military stations along the overland mail route, which needs all the pro- tection that government has promised. ‘The station is directly in the trail of the Northern Ca- manches, as they run down into Texas on their marauding expeditions. To leave this and other stations on the route so exposed is trifting with human life, and inviting an at- tack on the helpless defenders of the mail. As I have al- ready said, there will be designing white mcn as well as Indians, whose cupidity must be overawed by adequate military protection. Let but this be afforded, aud I pre- dict for the mail route a complete success, as well as a rapid settlement of the many fertile and desirable spots along the line. We bad expected to find a team of mules in readiness for us at Phantom Hill, but as they were not there we had to proceed with our already jaded animals unti! we could mect them on their way towards us. Our mules had brought us already thirty-four miles ata pace, but we had to go fifteen miles further, or half way to Aber- crombie Peak, before we met another team. The road was across a smooth plain, studded with the everlasting musquit timber. The Abercrombie range is about mid- way between the Brazos and Colorado rivers, ranni northwest and southeast, and at the Peak are a series bluffs rising from the plain to the height of nearly 2,000 feet. The Pcak itself has a curious summit or cap of bare rocks, with regular interstices, as it a work of solid ma soury. It seemed as if the rain had washed away the soil, leaving the rocks in this manner. At a distance they much resembled the turrets and abutments of a lofty fortress. They could be seen for thirty or forty miles of our road along the plain, and they looked so near that one naturally became impatient to reach them. A distance whieh would appear to be but & mile or two would prove to be eight or ten, thus afford. ing another similitade of these vast plains to the broad fea in the deceptive appéarance of distances. It was at first fairly aggravating to travel for bours in piain saght of an object, and yet appear to be no nearer than when you started: but Tafterwards learned to get accustomed to it. We stopped at the station called Abercrombie Pass to get breakfast, which consisted of the stan¢ard—coffer, tough beet, and butteriess short cake, prepared by an old negro woman, who, if cleanliness is next to godliness, ‘would stand but little chance of heaven. There is an old saying, that “every man must eat his peck of dirt.” think I have had good measure with my peck on this trip, which has been roughing it with a vengeance Leaving Abercrombie Peak, our road led through a rug ged pass in the mountains, and up rather a steep hill, which I supposed of course bad an incline om the other side. But what was my surprise on reach ing the top to find a broad plain stretching before us. keeper of the next station, as well as of that at Aber crombie Peak, Was appropriately named Lambshbead, for he bad a drove of 300 sheep, grazing, growing and in. creasing, without expense to him, while he was attending to other duties. A few hours’ ride brought us to Chadbourne, a military station on a bend of the Little Colorado river, exactly on the thirty-eecond parallel of latitude, where we arrived on Thursday afternoon, the 234 of September, nearly twenty-four bours ahead of table time, having traversed 65 miles of our Journey without accident but little y. ‘The most direct course to Fl Paso would be from this polnt along the thirty-second parallel, but the much dreaded Liano oF stalled plain, interposes its Waterless barrenness. and our course must still be in a southwesterly direction to the head of the Concha river, a tributary of the Little Colorado, and thence to the “Horse. head Crossing” of the Pecos river, taking us a degree fur ther south, which we have to regain by tollowing up the Feros, all of which might have been saved had t b has been expenied tp trying to ‘one company of the Second Iry stationed here—company G—the remaining cava! ry and infantry baving been ordered to look after the In dians in the Wachita Mountains. There are few houses besides the government butidings, and few inhabit besides the soldiers. The place i# almost surrounded by A sort of barricade, which was built a few years since in anticipation of a sweeping attack by the Indians, which lid net come off. Some of the buildings look unasually heat for this section of the country. The officer now in command is Captain Bradfute, who, I understand, kindly loaned the employ ¢s of the mail company sufficient arms ammunition for their protection until their own could red ittle delay was experienced here before the wild es covid be canglt and harnessed, by which several hours of our advance time was lost. Mr. J. B Nichols, Crocker'’s division, wat to drive, and her, of Mr. Glover's m, Which com es at Chadbourne and ends at Franklin, on the . Was to proceed on horseback Maintain a general supervision Mr. Niehotw ue riding frightened the mules, or because mules were wild, or that the boys had been having « nd time on the occasion of the arrival of te frst cial dispensation of Providence. of from pauses, I will not pretend to but certainly, from nforescen and vexabous cause, we bere suffered a detention of some hours, The mules reared, pitebed, twisted, whirled, wheeled, ran stood still, and cut up all sorts of capers, The wagon performed so many evolutions that J, in fear of my jife, doned it and took to my beeis, fully coufident that 1 ld make more progress in a straight line, with mach Mr. Lee, sutlor at the fort, who, with others, had come out on horseback to see us start, kindly offered to take me up behind him, to whieh, though not much of an equestrian, I acceded with the view of having a little | better bt of the sport at s safe distanc In thie T eminently gratified, for the gyrations con | Unued to considerable length, winding up with tangling all the mules pretty well in the harness, the escape of one of the headers into the woods, and the complete demoiition of the top of the wagon, while those in charge of around loome on the grass, and out and disgu look on. For my part, 1 thought it the most ladicroy foone T ever witnessed, though it seemed a great pity which was need id be thos wasted or mules having Mr Mather having become completely anxious that every one should go to the d=! and understand that he did not care ad—n for anyone, I thought the progress of the mail for that night at least was stopped, but Nichole averred that the mail should go on if he wentjalone with the twowheel mules; and, sure enough, he started off, after getting the har ness once more disentangled, and kept the road in fine style. I had fully made up my mint by this time that it would be as mach as my life was worth to go under the existing circumstances, but seeing him go off T rode up to him, and finding persuasion of no avail, over came my strong objections and concladed to go, though if 1 bad bad ai property | certainty should have eo 6 hasty will. Thad become seated I thought I would terertain al! the chances, and the following dialogue en sued vetween myseif and Mr. Nichols — How far is it to the next station?’ T behewe it is thirty miles. ‘ De you know the road?” “How do you expect to get there? “There's only one road, we can’t miss it.”’ “Have you any arms?” No, [don’t want any; there's no danger." Whether there was danger or not | felt as if had a lit tle rather have started under other circumstances; but I was bound to go with the mail, though Ihad not much confidence that our two mules could make the thirty miles Fortonately our course was a clear and straight obe, lending SCrows an apparently boundiess prairie, wie bh of the leading not a tree or shrub to be seen, the parched grass a’. 03t in the of the moon. ‘The night was and bright, the road pretty level and the mules willing, and I soon ceased to regret having I alternately drove, while Nichols slept, or slept while he drove, or rode horseback for the man who ac- panied us to take back the team, and altogether pass: very it night, though our progress was neves- sarily slow. But about 2A. M. we came to a steep and stony hill, obstinately jutting from the prairie, right in our path, and impossible of avoidance. One mule could neif be coaxed or driven up, so we to camp until morning, when, after much difficuity, we ascended the hill and discovered the station fire, miles distant, « mere speck among the trees. We soon reached it, and found it to be acorral, or yard for the mules, and tents erected inside for the men, under charge of Mr. Henry Roylan. They bad seen us coming, and were herding the mules as we drove up. ‘Their corral was built of upright rough tim. janted in the ground. They had pitched their tents inside, for fear of the Indians, and took turns standing guard two hourson and two hours off. The station was near Grape creek, a fine stream, and also near some fine timber—two desirable things not to be found everywhere in Texas. The distance from this point to the head of the Concho river being fifty-six miles, and there being no inbabited station between, we had to take, in ad- dition to our own team of four mules, a cavellado or drove of as many more, for a change at intervals along the route. The change of teams was soon made, and Mr. Roylan tak- ing the reins, we were off once more at a good pace. Our road lay over the rolling praries, studded with musquit timber, A few miles from Grape creek we crossed the Concho, and then leaving the old road, which follows its Winding course, we took a new road across the country, which has been made under the supervision of the company, a ride of about thirty miles, the new road being very passable. We strike the Concho again at a station about twenty-five miles from Grape creek and fifty five miles from Chadbourne, after following the Concho to its source on the borders of the dreaded Staked Plain, where we arrived about 2:30 A. M. of Saturday, the 25th ot September, We may now be said to have commenced the difficulties of the journey through the great plains or waterless deserts of Texas and mountains of New Mexico aud Cali- fornia, while the grandest les of our journey are yet to be seen descr with the assurance that we are safely at Tucson, Arizona, just beyond the Pinaleno Mountains. I must leave the description of our interest- ing journey thither for my next letter. AFFAIRS IN EUROPE. Our Paris, Berlin and Vienna Corres- pondence, &o., Our Paris Correspendence. Panu, Oct, 14, 1858. The Dificulty Between France and Portugal—The Wine Cropin France—Effect of the Comet om the Vintage—The Emperor at Rheims—-The Imperial Coronation Prozi- mate—The Malakoff Nuptials—Kccentricities of the Bride- groom, de., &c. Notwithstanding the alarming information imparted to the London Times by its intelligent correspondent here, that war was imminont between France and Portugal, there is every reason to believe that this feud between the giant and the dwarf will be amicably arranged. The Mo- niteur of this morning contains not a syllable in allusion to it, and the triumphant state of the money market is incon- sistant with any signs of wars or war’s alarms. In fact, yesterday a general improvement in all securities was ob- servable, in consequence of a report that a change of minis- try had taken place in Portugal, the consequence of which would be a settlement of the affair of the Charles Georges. The following is an extract from the report of the jury of the exhibition of Dijon, as regards the present viut- age — “For Burgundy the year 1858 is one of the finest of the proscnt century. It is ag abundant as 1831; it will be superior to thas year in fulness and flavor, and can only find its equal in 1811, known by the name of the comet year. We now bave # second comet year, quite as abun- dant. Observations made with the greatest care have proved that the grape, arrived at complete maturity and exempt from any kind of malady, had fermented in the Most satisfactory manner, and that the glenconometer (the instrument which gives the strength of the juice when first pressed) marks 136: whilst in ordinary years it does not exceed 11 or 12; that the color is beautiful and &e., ke. the bouquet already developed, All these facts are cer- tain pledges of good quality. From tasting the wines exhibited we have been able to conclude that the wines have a rare degree of delicacy and homogeneity, even and that the good ordinary wines, and the most common, deserve to be classified this y higher rank than what is ordinarily assigned to ‘The Cote d’Or will again acquire all the prestige to its name, and with the wines of 1855, mustsatisfy the most difficult and defy all competition. While ad- mitting the abundance of the crop, we again declare that the wine will be of superior quality. The cellars are, moreover, empty, and the wants of Cousumption real; ou the other hand, iew-vineyards in France have beet #0 highly favored this year as that of Burgundy. The south and the Bordelais have not completely free from odium. It will be, therefore, logical to couclude that prices will remain bigh. Indeed, it is currently reported, with reference to this last remark, that in addition to the low state of cellars generally, the desire to possess the comet wine of 1858 is so general that everything worth having will speedily be t up. The recent visit the Emperor and Empress to the cathedral and town of Rheims is considered au indication that the long delayed coronation is in coutempiation. The address of the Cardinal Archbishop, wherein he reminds the Emperor that the cathedral is especially the church of kings, inasmuch as most of those to whom God had con- Aided the destinies of the nation bad there been conse- crated to their mission, and that although his Majesty had already so signally fulfilled the duties of the kingly charac- ter, yet the holy oil had not yet anointed his august brow, is thought to have a special relation to the important ceremony, but whether to be performed at Rheims or Notre Dame is to be decided by time. The Emperor and Empress on their entry into Rhe were accompanied by a numerous suite, for whom fifty- two apartments had been prepared in the Archbishop's lace and elsewhere. Their Majesties entered by the Dien. be where the Mayor and mooicipal authorities: sented on a golden saiver—the same keys which Charles VII. had received. Before quitting Kheims ou Tuesday morning, in order to be present at the celebration of the Duke of Huptials, the Empress won the hearts of the manufacturers by removing from her shouldersa splendid cachmere shaw! and substituting for ita manu- acture of the town, called glaskoz. ‘The civil marriage of the Duke de Malakoff with Mile. Sofia Valera de la Paniega was celebrated on Tuesday evening at the Marie of the First Arrondissement in pre- senee of all the Ministers, a number of Senators, eneral officers and other distinguished personages. he religious ceremony was periormed the same night in the chapel of the palace of St. Cloud, in the presence of the Emperor and Empress, Prince Jerome, Princess Mathilde, the Princes and n and Joachim Murat, and a namerous and brilliant assemblage of high persouages, composed of the great dignitaries of the State, the ministers, marshals, sfiicers of the crown, and the officers and ladies of usebold_of their Majestcx and Witnesses for the bro asions those who had riage contract The nuptial benedit the Bishop of Nancy, first chaplain of th the religious ceremony , all ent assembled in the saleme « congratulations to the hai apie.” The Emperor s lnted the bride on both checks, and it was observed that the bride bore all her blushing honors with great self command, The Duke was, as nsual, full of smirks and den bitebes of his person, apparent!y taking the whole a! as an excelient practical joke. The macners of the great Crimean hero, it tay 1, in paesing, seem to have left a peculiar tmpression in said, can with difficulty k: sence, especially if the gallant Marshal ed Company pre palace to offer their feat he executes much after the fasbic a aemuére, He has a singular fashion of seiting hold of la dies’ bouquets and soddenly dropping them afior sabmit ting them to his olfactory nerves. etclaiming, | AhR—ah— a wnt bon.” Th haa been stated, too, that the Marshal is in no hurry to part with the Emperor's pranks in the way of opening the doors at Albert gate, after the manner of his predecessors. Perhaps t on he traced with the Emprese’ friend, Mil« may change all that. The quitted for England ess of Somerset and the Dochor a rich furniture has been made to suffor by of expectoration of ai cester china would be an approp ‘ival. Atmong the the duke’e habit toon of Wor | present to it ners of distinetion who affixed their eignatar: he marriage contract were the Countess de Montijo, the Duke de Rienzares, (hus- hand of Queen Christina), Prince and Princess Zartoriski, = Bravo Murillo, the Hon. Richard and on Mre. Ci 5 New agencies are being everywhere estal lished for the sale of champagne, which is now purchased direct from Epernay, by Fordham & Mason, an‘ other first class houses in London, at twenty-three’ shillings, delivered in the Thames. The duty is tweive ebi/lings uow Our Berlin Correspondence. Beats, Oot, 13, 1858, Final Settlement of the Regency Question— Modifications in the Ministry—Baron Manteuffel to Remain in Ofice—De parture of the King for the Tyrot, de, dv ‘The information contained in my last report turns out to have been perfectly correct. The programme for the so- lution of the Regency question, of which I gave you a sketch, bas been fulfilled to the very letter—to all intents and purposes Frederick William IV. has ceased to reign, and William, his brother, roles io his stead. On the 7th inst. the document transferring the reigns of government to the Prince of Prussia received the King’s signature. It rtates that, being still prevented by the will of God from devoting himself to the performance of his duties, and bis physicians having advised him toapend the winter tn a milder climate, the King requests His Royal Highness to assume the regal authority , and togovern, in his name, as Regent of the kingdom, according to the dictates of his own |Wudgment, responsible only to God and to his conscience. You will perceive that, as I anticipated, this transfer i nominally effected by the King’s absolute will and pleasure, without any allusion to the paragraph of the conetit which prescribes the forms that are to be ob served in the event of a regency becoming necessary; but this omigeion ie remedied hy the Prince of Prossia’s manifesto, which hac maven very favorable impression in pave. ih was ay LOllOWs. — Aovurding W Une wouleuts of the annexed royal decree of the 7th inst, bis Majesty, continuing to Pr arozenial. be ihe disease with which it has pleased God to afflict him, attending to affairs of State, has addressed to me an invitation to assume the pousney of the kingdom. In uance of this request, and in con! “ya with section 66 of the charter of January 31, 1850, herewith undertake the regency to the throne, and will conduct it in the name of the King until bis shall be enabled to resume the ex- ercise of his royal authority, Agreeably to the same arti- cle of the charter, IT have summoned the two Houses of the Legislature, by the subjoined ordinance, to meet on the 20th of this month, and command the minority to give to the said ordinance, together with the royal of the 7th and the present notification, in the man- ner provided by law.’” ‘This manifesto, which, as well as the order for convok- ing the Chambers, is signed ‘“ William, Prince ent of Prosia,” 18 countersigued by the whole of the Ministry, with the exception of M. de Westphalia, Minister of the Interior, who, unlike his colleagues, has sacrificed power to prine.ple, and sent in bis resignation. He was the most ardent champion of the doctrine propounded by the Kroues Zeitung, that the King’s authority was superior to the con- stitution; that if he appointed a substitute, it was in the exercise of his own bon plaisir, and thet any parliamentary interference was to be rejected as derogatory to the Right Divine, The feuille of the Interior has been entrusted for the nonee to M. Flottwell, an old gentlemau who was Minister of Finance previous to the revolution of 1848, ard who now acts as a kind of stop-gap until the Cabinet is finally re-conatituted, which can only be after the Chambers have met and given their assent to the assumption of the Re- gevey of the Prince of Prussia, avd the latter has taken the oath of fidelity to the constitution. Then, no doubt, there will be. some further changes in the administration; M. Rouwer, the Minister of Public Instruction, and long firm adherent of M, de Westphalia, will have to follow bis fidus Achatea, whom he has deserted in the eleventh hour; and it is extremely probabie that he will be accompanied ip his retreat by Gent Walderso and M. Bodelsbuingh. All these ulterations, however, are comparatively of slight M ‘tance as long as the master spirit, who for the last eight yeara has guided the destinies of Prussia, continues to preside at the council board, and to hold the seals of fice witb a firm grasp while the Dii minorum geatium are falling around him. There are rumors afloat, indeed, and deat listened to, that the position of Baron Manteuffel become untenable; that all the skill he has exhibited during the late crisis has not sufliced to remove the antipa- thy felt by the Prince Regent towards his brother's favo- rite Minister, and that immediately after the meeting of the Chambers he will be summarily dismissed, to make room for @ cabinet composed of the most prominent mem- bers of the liberal opposition, under the auspices of M. Redolph Anerswald. But I have frequently stated m sons tor distrusting all such reports, which are founded on illusions totally unwarranted by the rea! aspect of affairs, As 800n as M. de Menteuffel perceived that there was little chance of the King’s recovery, he set to work with charac- teristic adroituess to insinuate himself into the good graces of the heir presumptive and to require & claim upon his — gratitude, by smoothing his path towards the Regency and removing the obstructions interposed by the small circle of courtiers which surrounds the King, and is generally known by the pame of the Krouez Zritung party. He had risen to power and maintained himself by it through the imfluence of that party, and he is therefore so well acquainted with all its plans and projects that be was easily able to counteract them. His Co-operation was invaluable to the Prince of Prussia, who, though enjoying a great reputation for energy of character, is in reality one of the most vacil- lating of men, and totally unfit to pp with an emer- gency ; and if the regency question has finally been settled to the Prince's entire satisfaction, he is firmly persuaded that this result is mainly owing to the tact and manage- ment of the Prime Minister. I do not mean to say that the Prince bas a persona! liking for M. de Manteutfel—indeed, Tam assured of the contrary; but, besides the recollection of recent services, he looks upon him as a man who is not to be dispensed with under the present circumstances, and so he has given his private friends to understand that if they wish to be admitted to his councils it must be as the aseociates and subordinates of Baron Manteuffel, It Mt quite poss‘Dle that in time these impressions will be ef- faced, and that considerations of policy will yield to tho dictates of personal predilection, or the Prince may dis- cover that, in reality, the Premier is not half so indispen- sable as be has succeeded in persuading him; but unless something very unexpected should oceur this con- tingency appears to be so remote that it is uselegs to speculate big it. Meanwhile, the public continue to in- duige in high flown, though indefinite, hopes and antici- pations—castle building is the order of the day, and the press speaks out ina tone that has not been heard for many along year. Who would have imagined, on the 18th of March, 1648, that the accession of the Prince of Pruesia to power would give rise to such universal re- joicings? The late King left Potsdam yesterday, and passed through here on his journey to Meran, in the Tyrol, ac- companied by the Queen, and attended by a numerous suite, consisting of General Guloch, Drs. Grimm and Boger, M. de Renmont, &&., &c. He will travel by easy stages, stopping at niglits aud resting part of the day, so that he will not reach the place of his destination until Tuesday next. After spending the autumn at Meran he will probably proceed to Italy, if the physicians should think the climate more suitable than of the Tyrol. You will have noticed in the Prince of Prassia’s manifesto apassage alluding to the ibinity ofthe King’s reco- very, but by all accounts there does pot appear to be the slightest chance of this ever coming to pass. With ail his feuits and his virtues, his many good qualities and his still more numerous short-comings, Frederick William IV. has quitted the scene, ana, though ‘alive in the flesh, may be considered dead to himself and to his country. The reign of this unfortunate monarch, commenciug under brilliant auspices, and ending in darkness and affliction, is eventful enough for a romance, and will offer a fertile theme to the pen of a future historian, whose verdict, free from coptemporary passions and prejudices, I will aot Presume to anticipate. Our Vienna Correspondence. Virwwa, Oct. 6, 1858, Material Progress of Austria since 1848—The Zollverein Question—Increase of the Austrian Navy—Resuscttation of the National Finances, dc., Bo. Austria is still one ofthe five great Powers of Europe. The events of 1848, which came very near dismembering hor, and reducing the imperial house to the rule of sevea millions of people, have forced upon her a pew policy,in pursuance of which she bas uot only given a new na- tional organization to her various provinces, but also in- troduced such necessary modifications im her commercial and industrial condition as must soon develepe hor im- mense internal resources. States decline and perish not always by defective internal organization, or a policy det- rumental to their national interests, but also by the de- velopement aud progress of powerful neigubors who sur- pars them in evergy and strength. This was particularly the case with Austria. The conservative policy of Prince Metternich was little more than the stand-still policy of effete States and empires, ill suited to a country which had such a progressive neighbor as Russia and such an energetic rival ag Prussia. The “deluge’’ came before the death of the Austrian statesman, and the new tine whieh followed has left him a body without vitality upon the str New mon, Leretofore unknown to fame, have since succeeded the veteran Chancellor, and with them a new era has sprung up—that of the reconstruction of the Aus- trian monarchy. In the first piace, the peasantry was ‘emanc!pated throughout the Austrian provinces, by which means the Emper 1 the co-operation of the masses in his plans to “crush out" the national pretensions of his Bungarian, Bohetuan and Croatian nobles. The lines of cus: tom houses which surrounded Hungary, that most essen tial part of the Austrian monarchy, fell to the ground, 80 that Hungarian wines, cattle, Wheat, wool, &c., find their way to Vienna, and thence to other parts of Austria and Gertuany without paying any duties. A rednetion was flected im the army, in the number of public offices, and many abuses which’ date from the government of Maria Therese were aboushed. At this present hour the Austrian ministry endeavor to abolieh the guilds and castes which still exist here to @ fearful extent, amounting to so Many monopolies, and compietely crushing the spirit of competition, whieh is the most powerful stimulant to im telligent labor rom a small com The Austrian Loyd, pany with £100,000 capital, by pital of six mit thas far bad the pr in the eastern ports of the Mediterranean. Important railroads have been built to copnect the ¢ ts of the Empire, and others are projected to aid in the process of assimilation which is to unite Germans, Hungarians, Bohemians, Mor ans, Tyro. Jese, Croats and Daimatians into a bomegencous whole. As far as the developement of material resources ia con ustria has taken gigantic strides in advance: but national sentiments and national inspirations are not the je products of mechanical, commercial or agricuitaral in dustry. What is stil] wanting in Austria tocreate a national consciousness i# the spiritual link, the tdea of a common country, a common interest in the public weal, and a direct sense of responsibility for national honor and success ‘The concordat has not as yet borne these fruits, and is not Vkely to bear them It may do good in the italian vinces of Austria; but public opinion in the German, Hun garian and Transylvanian provinces is decideaiy opposed to ap ultramontaine direction in religious matters, Aus tria, to Germanize her Hungarian and Sclavonian pro ‘vinces, must take root in Germany; and thie the new men of State, Bruck and Rach, have endeavored to secure by joining the German Zoliverein, which would destroy the line of custom houses now existing on the frontiers of Prussia, Saxony and Bavaria, and establich free commer ereourse from the North Sea ports and those of the to the Aystrian ports of the Adriatic. A treaty was accordingly coleinded'on the 19th of February, 1853, be- tween Ausiria and the States of the Zoliverein, and certain preliminary arrangements entered into, which were to se cure the gradoal approximation of the duties levied in Austria to those levied in the Zollverein. The Austrian currency, too, was to be altered from the 24 to the 21 florin rate, 50 as to make the new Austrian florin an aliquot part of the Prossian thaler, and every other measure re sorted to which could tend to make union which was fought a permanent and fruitful one. Some of these pre- parations were connected with considerable pecuniary eacrifices to Austria, but they were cheerfully made to ae- cure Bo great a boon, and « willingness expressed on the part of the merchants and marufacturers to submit to others, provided the he ged aimed at could be secured. The year 1860 wae fixed uw an the period when the final union was to take place; but in the meantime propositions were to be received respectively by the Zoll- verein and by Austria, which were, m the basis of the final settlement. Austria has imber of these Propositions, and the Zollverein has made others; but the result of the conferences im Hanover is far from being fatisfactory to Avstria. While Austria bas shown berself willing to accede, in the whole or in part, to most of the propositions made by the Zollverein, none of the Austrian proporitions have been favorably received and accepted by the Zollverein. At the head these was the proposition to abolish the transit duties throughout Germany, and next to it was the proposition for the fbolition of the river dues, These two the Austrian Commissioners deemed indispensable to the entrance of Austria into the Verein, and as they have thus far been denied, that desi deratom most for the present be considered as postpone ‘The Austrians, however, though beaten, do not consider eeu case uvpeives, aud Yew propositions will wadoubte ly be made as s00n as the in Prussia shall be finally settled. cena age égime of Baron Manteuffel, was the principal opponent of Austria in the Hanover conferences, and an entire change in the internal and external policy of Prussia is expected from the Prince of Prussia, a8 800n as he himself shall conduct the govern- ment, Thusfar he has only acted as the King’s agent, the executor of the King’s will; but now he is about to act ‘on his own responsibility, following his own convictions, rad assisted only by men of his own choice. These nae the h of Austria now, and ry teeters be near their realization were it not that the Protestant party of Germany see in the Austrian concordat a bugbear which threatens them with annihilation, Austria must find means to pacify and quiet the Protestant alarmists of Germany; she must not, in a political sense, discriminate between Catholics and Protestants, and 80, in a measuro at least, atone for an act for which but aslogle person is responsible in the whole Austrian empire. Austria has once entered the road of progress, and cannot now halt or be frightened by the unt of reform required to make that which has already been accomplished available. The negotiations with the Zollverein will be renewed, and the responsibility of their present failure traced to their source. If Austria is permanently excluded from the Verein, then all idea of a German union, even for the ee tection of German nationality, must be abandoned, Aus- tria will then subsist merely as a Eirepeet Power, and in a conflict with her neighbors be abandoned to her own fate. ‘That such is the expectation—perhaps, the design— of some of her ant ists can, after what has happened, be hardly doubted; but it remains to be seen whether the people of Germany will quietly submit to such a suicidal policy on the of their rulers. The financial difficulties of Austria are not yet recovered, but the last budget shows, nevertheless, a Sensible dimi- nution of the annual deficit. This deficit averages annu- ally about fifty millions of Austrian florins, or about 525 ,000 sum sufficiently large to cause the most erious alarm, even to wealthier countries than Austria, ‘The Minister of Finance, Baron Bruck, one of the ablest men Austria can boast of, has manfully’ battled against canker of the Austrian monarchy, and his genius has | eo many efficient remedies which, up to this moment, however, have only been pertally fied. ‘The troops employed in Gallicia and the Danu! cipalities during the late Russian war, and the rej ms which it was thought proper recently to make for a possible rupture with France, have employed all the resources of the Aus- trian treasury, and it is but recently that, with the re- newed hope of prolonged peace, further measures of economy could be suggested. The southern line of rail- roads has been sold, entire departments of the govern- ment bave been suppressed, new indirect taxes have been levied to meet the extraordinary exigencies of the treasury ; but almost at the same time Austria, alarmed at the posi- tion assumed by Russia in the Mediterranean, has de- termined to increase her navy, and thus the sums realizod from the late financial measures are again employed in military equipments. It is now intended to place the Austrian navy on a foot- ing corresponding to the position of Austria in the Euro. pean Pentarchy. She is to have six line of battle ships, all screw steamers, carrying from ninety to one hundred and twenty guns; twelve steam frigates, carrying from thirty- one to sixty guns; and corvettes, carrying from twenty-three to twenty-eight guns; two sailing frigates, two screw steam. corvettes, four oe and four schooners, besides a number of convoys and eight gun boats. It is proposed to meet the expenditure of such an armament by savings intro- duced into the army aud the suppression of offices grown obsolete and useless in the civil service. Whether the re- ‘sult will answer the expectation time alone can tell. On the Ist of November the Nationa! Bank of Austria will resume specie payments; but this must not be under- stuod a8 applying to all denominations of notes. Only the five and ten florin notes will be redeemed in specie of the pew Austrian coinage; notes of larger denominations still remain suspended. This was deemed necessary to prevent arun onthe bapk, caused by speculators with a view of operating in Austrian securities, As soon as public con- fidence among the people shall be partially restored the bank will redeem its notes of a higher denomination, and 60 on until it shall have entered on its former position, When you reflect upon what Austria was when the gale of 1848 first struck her, when you see her assailed im the south and cast, a prey to internal factions and diseng: hationalties moving in different opposite directions, her armies partially beaten and destroyed, her finances utterly ruined, her public credit gone, the’ men who former! | nape her destiny and whose names were associated will er past history forcibly ejected fram office, and the im- cw family itself fugitives from the capital, and behold jer now, with her government consolidated, her army and Davy placed on arespectable footing, her credit, though still lingering, partially restored, the ready to resume specie payments, commerce and industry under powertul stimulants taking a fresh shoot, her Pro- vinees covered by a net of railways, new ports opened to her ships, and, above all, a new spirit introduced into the government, you cannot but be to the conclusion that the men equal to the performance of such a taak cannot be second to any now entrusted with the adminis- tration of a European government. Austria has abandon- ed the red tape system as much as England, and with the simple exception of the concordat has not made one step backward. Baron Bach, the present intelligent Premier, isa man of the revolution of 1848—a lawyer, who once led the students’ corps in the Aula of the University— apd Baron Bruck rose from a clerk in @ counting room of Trieste to be the creator of the new Austrian system of finance. It is Baron Bruck who first started the Austrian Lioyd, the founder of the Austrian commerce in the Le- vant, and to his genins Austria is indebted for most of tho internal improvements which now help to develope ber immense internal resources. In one undertaking onl has he failed thus far—it is to be hoped not forever. It is he who first conceived the project of a direct steam communication between Trieste and New York or New Orleans, touching at Gibraltar and Madeira. That the plan is feasible no one cau doubt. But Austria, in her new form, is young and requires time for the develope- ment of her strength. Her geographical position is the Most important one in Europe as long as the Oriental question is unsettled, and she cannot’ disappear from the Peutarchy without completely changing the relations of every State in Kurope Ocean Telegraphing. WHAT IS THE HUGHES INSTRUMENT?—IS IT GOOD FOR ANYTHING? TO THE EDITOR OF THE LONDON NEWS. Mr. WhiteLouse published an article in your paper of the 29th ult, which he places Professor Hughes’ printing ceeghagk instrament e the public in what pobiy ernie teen a ht; that is,as regards the ap- heability of it to ocean telegraphing. As one of the own- ers of the patent and the business manager of it, some defence and explanation seems necessary. The, to me, significant intelligence emanates from Mr. White! , that “much odium bas been endeavored to be cast upon me, most unjustly, in reference to an the merits of the Hughes printing be made to ment introduced into the instrament by myself, I should participate in these advantages, if used Other and non competing lines. My offer was refused Now,“ who endeavored to cast odium upon him? We are led to infer that it was the “ directors.”” And what was Mr. Whitehouse's “opinion of the merits of the Heghes" instrument? ‘The “ odtum’ implies that it was hot favorable, What “offer was refused’’ is not explicitly stated by Mr. Whitehouse. On my arrival in this country with Professor Hughes and his staff of assistants, a report was made to the board, upon which a resolution was immediately passed, prompt y and kindly offering Professor Hughes * every facility in the power of the company to test his instrument, to render it practically avatiable to the Atiantic telegraph cable." The board read to me their resolution, and introduced mo to Mr. Whitehouse, who said—"I conour in the spirit of the reso lution, and will give my best assistance to carry it out; but I feel it my duty to say, Ido not think you can work the cable, but you can have the whole cable, or half of it, or fifty miles,"—thus insinuating that the Hughes iastra ment could not work fifty miles. When we went Keyham with our instruments, the Gret and natural proporition was, Professor Hughes asked Mr. Whitehogee to show bum the rate of speed at which he could send words over the cable. The attempt was made, but net a single word could be got through the conductor by his apparatus, nor could he do 80 before Professor Hughes traments put up, and then, instead of getting the rate of speed by actual transmission of letters, or dots and lines representing letters, all he could do, with beth of bis instraments in sight of her, was to make dots. What Professor Hughes wanted to know correctly, was the rate at which electric urrepts could be sent through the cable. This was as- certained by the dots made by the Whitehouse instru id to our amazement was found to be only forty ‘4 minute, or a little less, while we had tken as our guide Mr. Whitehouse’s report, dated January 4, 1858, n which he stated— By the adoption of such an amount of abreviation, or code signals, as we find it safe to use, we are now transmitting through the entire length of the cable despatches at the rate of four words a minute.”” Here it is necessary to explain that from eight to ten currents, or about five waves, are required to form one jetter on the Whitehouse system, and, assuming five let- tere to be the average of words, it is clear that, if Mr. Whitehouse could have kept his magnets in adjustment long enough to bave aent a short . his maximum rate of speed could not possibly have exceeded one word a minute, instead of “four words.” ‘The Hughes instrament is a time instrament, and its me- chanical construction must be in accordance with the rate of speed the electric waves by which it is worked can be made to pass through it. The instruments brought from America were based upon the rate of speed stated in Mr. Whitebouse’s report, and, as a matter of course, in struments made for a minimum rate of four words a minute could not work correctly where the maximum rate Was,as bas been shown, less than one word a minute. Thus, as admitted, the Hughes instrument did work through the cable. The next 4 after our first experi. ment 1 was informed that Mr. Whitehouse wished to see me, On my arrival at Mr. Whitehouge’s private office he said he could see how my instrument could be made to print at least one letter every four seconds, by the adop- ton of information which he possessed, and the diecove. ries of a friend, about to be patented, and inquired what interest I would give in retarn. This observation applied to “ail lines everywhere, both submarine and land.” To this it was necessary to dissent, as our instruments were already perfected and at work on some land lines, and he could be of no use to us on them. Tf promised to consider the matter. On examination, notoae single new feature, or patentable principle of any impor- tance as applied to the whole, in his instrument, even had it been capable of working reliably, 1 offered Mr. Whitehouse to give all that hia patents or information merited, but have received no reply; but from his own statement he was bound to give not only his patented in formation, but all he to the Atlantic Company . Tt was aimitted on the first day of trial that the Hughes instrument, Py Se the mechanical errors Ko ent 1 ir, Whitebouse’s report were y ‘one fetter in four seconds,’ or at the rate of three vale A minute—that is, with forty currents « minuto—a which hae been proved. He, therefore, was that the ae Joast Capable of being made three hundred por cent better posgosegt thay bis own, qud vat be Yue ‘obOrmAtion formed any opinion of its value, nor expressed to any one, or even discussed among themselves, the price they should ask for it. If the Hughes instrument does not upon trial work twice ‘as fast as the Whitehouse, the owners will not accept a penny for it, nor do they look for any payment until it works upon the cable reliably and at a remunerative rate of . i the Hughes patent has ever claimed is, that it is a superior recording instrument; but why this should be mixed up with generating power, or ‘induction coils,” te not easily conceived, The principle of the coil is due te Professor Faraday. sony mogiications of & bare Cn made, but all dependent u same general principle. The recording portion of Mr. Whitehouse’s combination is Bain’s electro-chemical marker, while the needle relays, sitempted to be used by him, have beon patented by ‘Wheatstone, Henley, Varley and others; but the difficulty in keeping them adjusted for any length of time, with @ weak current, renders them ull but impracticable for long submarine circuits, as has been demonstrated since the laying of the cable, a fact evident to Professor Hughes the first pa i gpa the instruments at Keyham. It me pleasure, however, to say that the key® used by Mr. Whitehouse appears to be novel, is certainig” ingenious, and would be of service if the other portions of his combinations were not useless for the purposes te which he bad tried to apply them. We have given no information whatever to the ““Ameri- can papers,” and very much regret the “ exaggerated expectations”’ held out to the public by them. It is some- what singular that Mr. Whitehouse should consider ‘ 300 words an hour, or five words a minute, an e: rated expectation ,’” while he affirmed, six months ago, his instrument was ‘then sending four words a minute.’ After the failure of Mr. Whitchouse’s attempts to obtaia an interest in the invention, he studiously avoided any inspection of the instrument, although repeatedly invited to do so, and on the occasion referred to, when he says, ‘My surprise gave place to a ‘most nig feeling on ascertaining that this success had resorved for Americans only, and non-clectri- cians, to witness”—the test was one made by special appointment of the managing director of the company to compare the working capacity of three instruments—thé Whitehouse, the Thomson and the Hughes; and when the hour arrived for the race to commence Mr. Whitehouse declined the fair contest, leaving Professor Hughes to de- spatch message after message through the whole two thousand nine hundred miles of the cable ata rate exceed- ing two words a minute. Professor Hughes afterwards asked him to step in alone and see the instrument work, but this he declined, The Hughes instruments were then taken to London and ‘taken to pieces to alter their mechanical construction to the actual state of the current on the cable, an error which, as before stated, Professor Hughes had been led into by Mr. Whitehouse. In my reply to the company facts and statements were made which could not fail te convince he ¢ unbiassed mind that, notwithstan: nialof the fact by Mr. Whitehouse, Professor did work through the cable. ‘It was therefore proposed that Professor Hughes should again go to Keyham to demonstrate this truth before the cable went to sea, and Mr. Whitehouse was ordered to un- pack and restore his connections. In the meantime the instruments were 80 compas to pieces that it was im- possibl to them together before the expedition sailed, to work the whole twenty-six letters of the alpha- bet; but it was proposed to work five letters, or five figures, which would fully show whether we’ worked through the cable or not, but it was distinctly stated to the company before we weut down that we could only show them two points—first, that the instruments could work; and, secondly, the rate of speed at which figures or letters could be , but that the instruments, in their then demolished state, could not be depended upon to show reliability. Yet we would make the trial. Professor Hughes wi at the same time to test a new invention, by which he hoped to make two figures with each wave, ‘that is, a figure for each positive and negative current, for which purpose ‘the numerals 1 to 5” were adopted, and he succeeded; and notwithstanding the short time allowed him for experimenting, he showed that he could work through the cable, at a speed equal to all that had eyer been clait , and although parts of his instrument \d never been put together even in the _—. This experiment was made with Mr. nee coils, which affords additional evidence that the principle of the induction coil is not new, nor the invention of Mr. White- house, and proves conclusively that his system of con- them is an inferior one: not only this, but Pro- fessor Hughes has been using induction coils constructed on the same general principles for the last three years, and many of his experiments at Keyham were mado with the working power of an induction coil oe with him from America, which worked th: th the lo Ie of the cable perfectly. As to the accident of “using a relay of Mr. Whitehouse’s design,"’ Professor Hughes works instrument constantly with 'a relay of his own invention, and with @ current so weak that it would not possibly move the relays used by Mr. Whitchouse’s enough for the eye to perceive it. Having thus commented upon the remarks of Mr. Whitehouse, his favorable opinions must be noticed and thaukfully acknowledged, He says:—“For use on over- ground wires I have seen nothing at all com ble to hia (Mr. Hughes’) instrument asa type printer, for simplicity, accuracy and speed.’ ‘This implies novelty, and acknowledges invention of a system which improves the important and princi points sought to be obtained in all instruments made recording electric signals. The credit given is significant and pertinent, if true. Why may not the general Principles of a discovery which rs uces such ‘incomparable’! results on “ground wires,” so modified and arranged as to produce results of a kindred nature on ocean wires? My remarks have been confined to points the formation of a just conclusion, and I leave the case to rest upon its merits; but if challenged to further paper war | shall not hesitate to enter upon it, I - ae. HYDE. 20 Nortnamrron square, Loxpon, Oct. 5. * The principle of this key was posed to be by Hatcher's patent; this not bei + Mr. > Bosctmeeie mcearearcen ete ingly granted. Now anc Then—1815 and 1858. ENGLAND AND FRANCE FRATERNIZING OVER THR TOMB OF NAPOLEON. [From Galignani’s Oct. 14. A letter from St. Helena saga atm the 1eth agus, 4 Gauthier de Rougemont, guardian of the tomb of Napo- to a grand banquet by the Engli the garrison, and civ eathoritien, entortainsé thom a & on ae his own house. room was jecked with English and “Gentlemen, I propose a toast to the most virtuous, moat woman on earth, ber Majesty Empress of French.” This toast was drunk amidst rapturous use. A grand ball, attended by all the principal inhabitants of the island, followed, and it terminated by a supper, at which new toasts to the Emperor and the Queen and the alliance of the two nations were given. ‘Un Oct. 11 Messrs. Debenham & Storr, of London, of- fered for sale by auction, at their rooms, King street, Covent ao & curious old military treasure chest, for- merly the he First Napoleon, and which was ge. The chest was of iron, and every curious. The works of the ge mal lock, which had eleven bolts, fitting all round « ledge in the interior, extended over the whole lid, and this was further secured by two padlocks. There was, very ga competition, aud the lot was knocked down for £7 only. Railway Management in New York and f Bz London. {From the London Times (city ss 18.) The battle of the railways at New York been termi- hated, and, according to reports in the London share market, a similar consummation is approaching on this fide. The contest in the two countries seems to have been equally disreputable, and it may be questioned whether the least reliance can be placed on any which may now be made by those who have been parties to it. to lay ‘The conditions it has been felt necessar; down in the treaty between the four great American com- panies indicate the spirit hitherto prevalent, and as the same directors remain in power it may be asked whether their habits are likely to be changed by the parer pledges of amendment to which they have en driven by public reprobation? It is stipulated that no one line shall in future publish false state. ments against another, that runners shall no longor be employed to entice passengers (rom their natural routes ruinous fares shall coase to be adopted, and that »n umpire shall have power to settle all dispates, and to inflict considerable fines on any offender among the contracting parties. If the respective boards have a pro- clivity towards these practices, would it not have been bet- ter to get rid of them, and to appoint who do not re- quire to be kept in a decent course by written speciiica- tions’ The fact is, the shareholding class are themselves corrupt, and cannot trust their own judgments to select honest representatives, Hence, as in the worststages of ‘a nation, there are always more @aths and laws manufac- tured than at other periods. They seck to protect them- selves: — themselves by all kinds of artificial pro- mises. litle is to be expected under such circumstances, that it will be ® most encorrag- ing result if the reign of | harmony vor 4 augurated should continue © we. ‘That it will prevall while the stock market ® de- pressed may be expected. The sick are al dis. posed to be saints, but the trae test will be furnished when buoyancy has been re-established and money mak- ing tunities present themselves from new exterssions or other proceedings that may Promise a command over the redundant supplies. When persons who have beew accustomed to unscrupulous attacks on each other sudden- ly shake hands, the fear always is that is nota real reform ‘of nature that bas taken place, but that there is simply an ‘iteration as to the objects on which the pre nt fn tities are to be let loose. The possibility that the public may suffer from the new combination must therefore not be lost sight of. In the disputes of the KEng- companies the spirit manifested up to the very last moment in all the written correspond. ence has been so spitefully weak that the prospect is seareely such as to inspire trust that the wntanoe about to be paraded is anything more than @ snare, We must hope for the best ad and sua tain it, but not con! in it until after Ws. Usually, when potentates who bave been tearing each other to pieces make treatice of perpetual amity, it is merely to enable them to turn upon their own subjects or to give breathing time for a new conflict, the interval being em. ployed in deadly intrigues, Fortunately the New York jlroad Convention does not bind the parties to eternal friendship. Any one of them may annul it on fifteen days’ notice, It is to be hoped a similar clause will be in. fe; ted in the reconcilement on this side. The sense that (hey arg at liberty again to disgrace thomsclyos whenever