The New York Herald Newspaper, July 31, 1858, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD.) SAMES GORDON BENNETT, . No, 210 | AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. NIBLO’S GARDEN, Brosaway—Tux Last Max—Poca- BON tas. WALLAOK’S THEATHA, Broad way—Tue Inisu Hessan— Larson rox Busnanns METROPOLITAN ITALL, 5%5 Broadway—Frexen Tara TRe—Le Pavarnore b’Uscak—Balist Divertisnxent—La Ntaue De Bt. Four. BARFUWS AMERICAN MUSEUM, Rroadway—Afer WOOD'S BUILDING, 561 anf 4% Broadway—Ermorik Boxes, Kives. Dances, 40 —PaNonsma or THR HUDSON MBOHANICS’ BALL, 472 Broadwas—Buvanrs’ MinsTRELs —Necuo Mecopms ann bueiesques—Vingisia Fustiv al RDEN, Fovricenth street and Six'h DE CONCERT —IMSPLAY OF PIREWO! ‘The mail steamship North Star, Capt. Jones, will leave + this port to-day, at vo2n, for Southampton and Havre. The European mails will close im this oity at haif-past fen c'olock this morning. The Kuropean edition of the Humarp, printed tm Frenct fund English, will be published at tem o’olock im the worring Single copies, in wrappers, six cents. Buvecriptions and advertisements for any editions of the zw Torx Benaxp will be received at the following place bul eamaaiedy 45> ty po mon oed at AML Wiitem ot. The steamship Granada arrived at this port on Thorsday night from San Juan del Norte, bringing very late and interesting news from Nicaragua, with number of Central American notabilities, both na- tive and foreign. Her advices are dated at Granada on the 10th, and at Greytown on the 20th of July. Amongst her passengers is Maximo Jerez, who comes as Minister from the Nicaraguan government to Washington, where he will relieve Senor Yrisarri, who, it is said, has resigned. General Jerez brings the Cass-Yrisarri treaty, modified, and ratified as modified. The principal alterations made in the paper relate to the extension of the time required for the natoralization of foreigners and the land- ing of United States troops on the Isthmus. It is said that General Jerez possesses extraordinary ‘powers, in order to make the convention acceptable to our government. He is also to complete the Transit route negotiations opened with Mr. Allen, by personal interview with Commodore Vanderbilt, who, it is alleged, will very soon have the route open. The French plan of M. Belly was looked upon as a visionary scheme. Col. Schlessinger was at Managna, claiming that he was the general ageat of the Atlantic and Pacific Ship Canal Company, and that President Martinez must hearken to him. Col, Csuty’s grant from Costa Rica for the opening of the Serapiqui road is described as very valuable. Fort Castello was well garrisoned by the Nicaraguan government. Our correspondents at Graaada and Ban Juan del Norte give a very interesting and spirited resume of affairs to the last moment, which we publish this morning. The Hamburg steamship Hammonia arrived at this port yesterday afternoon from Southampton. She left on the 18th instant, and her news is, conse- + quently,one day later than that brought by the Europa. Consols closed in London, at two o'clock P.M, on the 17th, at 95] a 954 for money and 954 a 954 for Sth of August. The Tarkish government of- fers the sum of 150,000 francs to the families of the English and French consuls killed at Jiddah, and promises to punish the assassins. The war between the Mussulmans aod Rayabs, in Bosnia, had again broken out with great fary, and three thousand Christians had crossed over into Austrian Croatia. It was said that the Circassians bad defeated the Russians, with great loss to the latter. Napoleon's birthday was to be celebrated in France with great éclat. The Spanish liberal leaders have pronounced in favor of O'Donnell’s government. Anstria has had some difficulty with the Catholic bisbops of the empire. The Hamburg mail steamship Austria, Capt. Heydtman, will leave this port on Monday, August 2,a% noon, for Southampton and Hamburg. The mail for the German States, Russia, Sweden, &c., will close in this city at half-past ten o'clock on Monday. Letters are to be marked “ by Hamburg steamer.’ We learn from Washington that the Navy De- partment has received despatches from our squad- ron in the China seas. It is stated that intelli- scence bad reached Hong Kong that the Emperor of China bad acceded to the wishes of the allied com- missioners so far as to appoint an official of proper rank to confer with them at Pie-Ho, and this step was regarded as a very favorable oue for a speedy solution of the pending difficulties. The steam fri gate San Jacinto, sailed from Hong Kong for New York on the 14th of May. The steamship Ieabe, from Havana, via Key West and Charleston, arrived at this port last evening, with dates from the first mentioned port to the 1 inet. There was no change in the markets. brig Nancy, that was seized by the Caban authori- ties upon suspicion of being about to engage in the slave trade, upon investigation was found to have a lepitimate cargo on board, and was thereupon re leased from custody, and commenced reloading for the coast of Africa. The Isabel reports that the sloop-of war Jamestown was spoken of Havana with thirty to forty cases of Chagres fever on board, and that she was hound to New York. The steam frignte Wabash sailed from Key West for Speazia, Sardinia, ow the 22d inst. Our correspondent at Bridgetown, Barbadoes, | writing on July 12 —We have had fourteen arrivals from the United States within a month, adding largely to our stocks of flour, corn and corn meal. Codfish and herrings are in fair demand, ing ton scarcity of dry fish. Candies continue | scarce and are much wanted, as the stock has ran quite low. Mess pork isdall. Lamber and shingles | ere wanted. The transactions in molasses are large, st ibe. per gallon. Copious showers of rain fall Gaily, which greatly enrich the island and add much to the comfort of the inhabitants. Laborers are getting scarce and coolies are expected daily from india ; but untii they arrive, the colored regiments are to be billetted on the plantations for four days | in each week, with an advance of about $d. to their present pay, and the residue for the introduction of resh water from the interior through iron pipes— | he latter are now being cast at Liverpool. James Ke'ly, convicted of the murder of his wife Brooklyn, suffered the extreme penalty of the law yesterday afternoon at the county jail, by hanging. ‘There were present a detachment of about eighty of the Thirteenth regiment, sixty policemen and about two bundred citizens in the capacity of special depoty sheriffs. The criminal died hard, in conse- | quence of some mismanagement in the arrangement of the noose. The rope was cut at five minutes past one, and at fifteen minutes past one palsation had | not ceased, his struggles in the meantime being fearful. He was literally choked to death He con fessed his crime at the foot of the scaffold, and died without exhibiting much fear of the futuse. | The ship J. J. Rogers, which arrived yesterday from Havana, reports the death of Thomas A. | ‘Thompson, of Sweden, in the hospital at Havana on the 25th of May; also the deaths of Charles Chris tianson on the 4th and Peter Peterson on the Lith | done. | Al a meeting of the Commissioners of Health yes } terday, the brig Proteus was permitted to come t the upper Quaractine anchorage ou the 3d of Au gust; the Celia on the 7th, aud the Robert A. Fisher | on the 4th. The Health Officer reported the arrival of four vessels from in ected ports, and they were accordingly ordered to be kept at the lower Qua- | Tantine, The Board of Aldermen transacted a considerable amount of business last evening. A sanitary ordi- hance directing that drains shail be built from pre- mires termed tenant houxes to the sewers in the city was adopted. The Finance Committee reported in favir of paying ten of Mr. Devlin’s Street Inspec- tors. A report in favor of removing obstructions in the river ‘rom Hurlew to Ward's Island was adopted. The ordinance of the Mayor requiring hack drivers to wear badges was adopted. The awi'l milk matter was called up, and, after some debate, laid over. The reslution to purchase the Ward's Island pro- perty was carried, notwithstanding the veto of the Mayor. The resolution granting land to the Orphans Home was also adopted, notwithstanding the opposition of the Mayor. The Williamsburg ferry matter was brought up and discussed proand con, pending which there was some com- motion in consequence of an intimation that an injunction was served on the Chairman pro tem. (Alderman Stephens.) Some of the mem: bers declined to vote in consequeace; the matter was, however, carried, but ou reconsideration was ultimately laid over, and there was nothiag further heard of the injunctioa. Judge Hilton yesterday rendered a decision upon the motion of the Harlem Railroad Company for ‘an injunction to restrain the Police Commissioners from interfering with the plaiuriffs’ use of locomo- tives below Thirty-second street. The Judge de- cided against the motion; also that the Corporation ordinance prohibiting the use of steam on the road is valid, and that the Police Commissioners are the parties duly clothed with legal authority to enforce the said ordinance. The decision of the Judge, which is one of considerable importance, may be found in another column. The case of Cancemi, the murderer of Policeman Anderson, came up in the Sapreme Court, special term, yesterdgy, before Judze Ingraham, on a mo tion for a stay of proceedings until the Court of Ap- peals review the decision o: the gencralterm. Tae decision of Judge Ingrahum wil! be rendered in due time. In the Court of Common Pleas yesterday, in the matter of the application to vacate the order ot the forteiture of the bail of William Mulligan, who absconded from the Court of Sessions, the Judge denied the motion, thereby holding Mulligan’s bail responsible for his being non est at the hour of trial. There were three physicians in attendante on the late J. V. James, who died so mysteriously in Amity street recently, and ithas been suggested as the case is one that is exciting considerable public inte- rest, that one of them should give a statement of the facts to the public. By so doing all doubts in the case would be cleared up to the satisfaction of all concerned. 3 The Excise Commissioners met yesterday as usual, and granted a storekeeper’s license on receiving an application for one. Commissioner Holmes remarked, in regard toa notice of his name in the Tribune, wherein he was sarcastically{styled “the honorable,” that Greeley, by right of his office which he held in Congress, was entitled to that appellation, but asa journalist he did not know anything in him to enti- tle him to the distinction. He then undertook to prove that as an Excise Commissioner he might in justice lay some claim to the title, and his arguments on this head created considerable merriment. Since the advantages of Galway as a transatlantic packet station have been brought prominently into notice they are beginning to be appreciated. An opposition line to the one commenced by Mr. Lever bas already entered the field, and the pioneer of this second line is to leave Galway for Quebec and Mon- treal on the 3d of August. This vessel is a first class screw steamship, named the Lady Eglinton, aud she 1s owned by one of the wealthiest and most success ful steam navigation companies in Great Britain, known as the British and Irish Steam Packet Com- pany. She is to be succeeded by two other vewels similar to her, the company to whom she belongs having come to the conclusion of immediately esta- blishing a regular fortnightly communication between Galway and America. Her owners have also entered ntoan alliance with the Midland Great Western Rail- way Co., whose line runs from Dublin to Galway, and which is brought into close connection with every part of the country by several branch lines, which run to the principal towns both north and south of the trunk line. This circumstance, it is said, makes the friends of the Lever line look more unfavorably on the new and unexpected opposition than they otherwise might have reason to do, as the railroad company can influence the traffic on either line to an immense extent, by whatever course they may adopt in the regulation of their fares, trains, &c., to the convenience or in¢onvenience of the passengers going to and from the steamships,and in many other respects. We have already so many lines of steam communicatien to and from Europe that a steamer every two doys is the average number of arrivals; and when the two new lines from Galway get into full operation we may then expect news from Europe almost daily. The route from Galway is considerably shorter than any of the others, and we will be likely, therefore, to have news in future in quicker time than it bas ever been previously re- ceived. ‘ Toe sn'es of cotton yesterday embraced about 1,000 ba’es, without change im prices. Sugar contlaued active yesterday, with sales of about 2,500 hhde, closing ata further atvance of wbout je; the whole advance on ut 340. per BD. over the prices current at the cloee of last week. Flour was Srmer, and some grades from 2ige a Se per ddl bigher ‘The market was also active, the sales baring reached about 18000 bie. Wheat was firm, and very active: the eales embraced about 90,000 100,000 bushels, st prices given io soother column. Gorn was also firm apa tolerably active; ealss of some 40,000 bushels were made ai rates given im another piace. Pork was | leew buoyant; rales of meas were made at $17 50 a $17 60, ‘with emall lots at $17 75, and with sales of prime at $14, (ther provisions were firm. Coffee was quiet, while prises ruled firm, Freight engagements wore quite light, while rates were unchanged A vessel of about 500 tons was chartered for Bellingham Bay (Frazer river) on private terme— probably to cerry out German emigran's as pas sepgers, with an assorted cargo. The tes sale held yes. teroay was large and drew « good company, and though bot ‘nthe main of cerirable qualities, the sale was con- widered a good one for the season, aud passed of with epirit. Avrams ts Panacvay.—-Our relations with Paraguay are assuming an important and de cidedly warlike shape. Iu addition to the Ful- ton and Harriet Lane, the government are about to send two or three other vessels to the | pap that country, the whole expedition to be under the command of Captain Page, who commanded the Water Witch when she was fired into from Fort Itapira, on the river Parana The appearance of this meuacing sqaadroa on the coast of South America will doubtless bring | the difficulty with Paraguay to a speedy issue and it will also have a wholesome effect on other nations of South and Central America. They will learn that the United States govern- ment are not to be trifled with, at least where weak maritime States like themeelves are con- cerned. It may be very properly asked here, however, why our government, which insists upon Paraguay opening the river Parana to the commerce of the world, and mainly for the belefit of Brazil, does not insist also that Bra- vil herself shall open the Aimazon, a far more important stream? In connection with the difficulty with Para- quay, we publish in another colamn a commu- nication giving the Paraguayan side of the que NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, JULY 31, 1858. { i i OOF Mistiee tn Harngem now ony Savard | verseis is time of war, we cut off the right arm on Friend, The attention which Amerioat qaostions exciting m Eurepe, end the unmistateable erowth of our morat iofluence there, reuder it Hecesary that the approaching appointacnte of our ministers to the European cabicets should be made, vot poly from among meo of the bighestshility, but that they showld be filled With those who sre thoroaghly imoned with the American spisit. The Huropean press teems with comments upon the recent change in the ‘elations between Eoghasd aud the United States, ord abandant evidence is given t st new complications end a cbenge ia the relative vorition of the Western Powens of Europe are not very fur distant, A cordial waion between our sovercinent and that of Great Britain, in which the latter wonld recognise our due influense in ali American questions, would change the poti- ey of every court in Europe, A like resait woutd folew ay understanding between Louis Napol-on and ourselves. Should he have the slightest desire to re-cetablish the dominion of France in Heyti—which is not at all improba- ble— our questions with Spain would soon assume @ new aspect. These reasons have a powerful influence upon the question of woo shall be appointed to the three importent missions of London, Paris aud Madrid ; und it is to be hoped that the Presi- dent will lay aside ali other influences, and look only to the fitness of the incumbent. Our fo- reign questions have outgrown the capacity of Jocal politicians; and men whose life siuties have been directed to the arts of becomiog a Governor, or « Senator in Congress, are ill-fit- ted to cope with them. Statesmanship and po- litical chicanery have no affinity ; and the mas- ter of ove is most likely to bea tyro in the other. Unfortunately for the President, at the present juicture it is men who have been euccersful as politicians who are etorming the State Department to obtaia the prizes ot our foreign mistions, Political influences of all kinds ere brought in their favor, while the question of merit or ability is held to be of secondary importance. Yet the growth of our moral position in the eyes of Earope demand: the presenve there of a higher class ef men than those are apt to be whom it is necessary to ret acide at home to make room for some politi- cai rival. We want no more parade ministers in either of these three missions, Many of our foremost men moy get alovg well enough in England; but a minister in France or Spain cannot be a working man unless he understands the lan- guage of the court. Social intercourse is as necersary in State craft as it isin private lifo; and the man who is compelled by hi- inability to converse to ehut himself up in his cabinet, and to hear everything through the cars of another, can never be master of the situation. It is a knowledge of these truths that renders it co difficultfor Mr. Buchanan to complete the series of his diplomatic appointmeats. No man knows better than he how worse than useless a minister may become when he has neither a knowledge of international law and history, nor of the language of the people among whom he resides, The records of our State Depart- ment are filled with blunders originating from these causes; and it has for some time been o doubt with our Presidents whether all important questions should not be settled at Washington. If political reasons are still to bear sway in the making of our diplo- matic appointments, this doubt will become a certainty, and our foreizn missions will be turned into nothing but hospitals for decaying politicians, In the present juncture we have many impor- tant questions the solution of which can be ad- vanced by the presence of able ministers abroad. In England the final arrangement of the question of the right of search, and others that are like- ly to arise in regard to our Pacific dominions and the emigration to Frazer river, require an enlightened treatment. The growing necessity of the admission of Cuba to our Union must be treated, both in Paris and in Madrid, with no or- dipary tact. This question, more than any otber, bas suffered by incompetent treatment by out ministers in Europe. The questions of Mexico and Central America, with their corre- lative issues of the Isthmus transit, have an in- creasing importance. They are all connected with our national march on this continent. It is, therefore, to be hoped that Mr. Buchanan will change the order of motives which hitherto bave influenced our diplomatic appointments Fitnees and ability for the place should be held Lefore political influence. Tue Privatexnne Qvesrion Acaiw.—We publish this morning translations of a memo- ravdum on the eubject of the abolition of pri- vateering, addressed to the Emperor of the French by his First Minister, and of the edito rial remarks of the Paris Journal des Débats on the same subject. It will be seen from the memorandum of Count Walewski that thirty. seven sovereign States have joined in the agree- ment made by the Congress of Paris, and sig- nified their intention to abolieh privateering as far as they were concerned. The dirsentient Powers were Spain, Mexico and the United States. The government first na) accepted the propotitions in part, and the United States put in a condition to the effect that in time of war merchant vessels of the contending parties should not be subject to capture. This condition not being accepted, we stand now fn the same position that we occupied in the war of 1812-15, So fur ae we understand the public opinion of this country, the acceptance of Mr. Marcy’ “condition” would have produced the greatest diseatisfaction. If, as the Débate claims, it nul- lified the whole proposition of the Congress of Paris, it is also true that Mr. Maroy might have fallen into o trap which would have been very dangerous to us. He agreed that blockades should be obliga tory if made. What would become of our commerce in the event of a war with a first rate naval Power? They could eff ctively blockade every port so that no vessel could pass out or in, and stop our trade ly. The Débats is quite right im its concluding ré mark, that we virtually refused to agree to the abolition of privateering, because we felt we would be disarmed against the Powers which, in time of peace, maintain @ maritime force mach more powerfal than ours. We do no! keep a large standing army or navy, because we can rely on the militia for land operations and on pri vateers for the sea. Every citizen of the Uni ted States is ready to do duty as a soldier or a sailor in time of war, and where one man is re- quired ten are ready for duty at any moment We have fought two wara chiefly with militia, and the British will not soon forget the work done by our privateers in 1812-15, The mo- ment (hat we agree to probibit peivate armed of the republic. They might os weil ark us to abolish our militia system. Indeed. with our expos d coast end small nacy, we could better epore the militia than the privateers, Tne August Miccnaes. We publich eleewbere a detailed statement of the clrctions that are to take place throughout the country pext Movdey, In wo less than seven Stat-e—ail Southern—and one Territory, are elections to be held on that day; oameiy, ia Ala- bawa, Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Tex North Carclina, Tenneesee and Kansas. In Mie souri alone sre members of Congress to be chorep; the election in the other six States being merely for members of the Legislature and local officers; co that their resulte, except in the caee of Missouri, will be of no general in- terest. The results of the election there aad in Kansas—waere the people are to dispose of the Lecompton constitution—will be, however, locked forward to with the most iatense aaxiety inasmuch as in both these coutests the slavery question is to rome extent involved. a For some yeurs past there bas been growing up in Missouri an anti-slavery or emancipa- tlowi-t party, whose object is to abolish the pe- calier institution in that State, and replace it by free labor, Mr. Francis P. Blair, Jr, was elected a member of the present Congrces from the city of St. Louis as a representative of that movement, He is a candidate for reelection, and is opposed by Mr. J. R. Barret, a Lecompton democrat. Mr. Blair, however, is the only can- didate in Missouri who represents the emanci- pation movement. The other candidates are known as national democrats, anti-Lecomp- ton democrats, independent Lecompton demo- crats, independent aati-Lecompton demo- crats or Know Nothings—the opposi- tion elements there being as badly mixed up as “they are in this State. The pre- sent members will probably be re-elected in the first six districts. Mr. Caruthers, the mem- ber for the Seventh district, is not a candidate for reelection, but his place will probably be filled by a national democrat such as he himself was. If we are right in these surmises the Missouri delegation will stand in the next Con- gress as it stands in this—that is, six adminis- tration men, one opposition. The result of the Kansas election is of more importance and interest to the country at large than those of sll the others. The bona fide citi- zene of that Territory will have to express their will in favor of, or adverse to, the ordinance of the Lecompton constitution, the vote on that applying also to the instrument itself. If there be a majority in the affirmative thea Kansas comes in, under the President’s proclamation, asa State of the confederacy; if in the nega- tive, then she has to wait a little longer for ad- mission. The selection of Monday next as the day for holding the election there, simulta- neously with the exciting election in Missouri, may be taken as an indication of the dgsire of the Commissioners to avoid giving any pretence hereafter for allegations of border ruffian intru- sions. No matter how the question may be de- cided, it will be a pAief to the whole country, as getting rid of the unpleasant subject for some time to come. The elections on which the complexion of the next House of Representatives virtually turns are those which will be held in the Middle and Western States in the fall. Southern elections are always matters of foregone conclusion, the sitting members being almost uniformly elected if they choose to be candidates. By this system the South has always an able, experienced and reliable representation in Congress, by which it is able to sway the legislation of the country This is not so in the Western, Middle or Eastern States, where the absurd rule of rotation pre- vails, and where, in turn, the silliest nincom- poops of party are selected to perform the duties of legislators and statesmen, and have only two eessions allowed them usually to obtain and apply their knowledge. The Congressional elections come off during the firat week in Octo- ber in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana, and during the following month in this State. The result of these will be of great in- terest and importance, as deciding whether the administration party is to be in a minority in the next House of Represen- tatives. Appearances seem to indicate that such will be the case. If so, the Executive will have little to complain of in that respect, for the principal measures of the administration during the last session owed their success more to opposition votes than to democratic. It can afford, therefore, to regard with complacency the issues of the approaching elections. Ay Anourtionist Juntiee.-Monday next will be generally observed by the free blacks in this section of the country, and their white ad- mirere, as the twentieth anniversary of the lition of slavery in the British West India islands. It appears that the celebration will bo upon a more extended scale than ever before. The Garrisonian brethren and sisters of Massa- chusetis are to rendezvous in great force at the pleasant town of New Bedford, celebrated for faet horses, pretty girls, aristocratic whale oil society and strong in its devotion to runaway niggers. Up the Hudson, at Poughkeepsie, Mr. Frederic Douglass, (colored man,) is to orate; a euburban-umbrageous festival, with Massa Gar- rison as the etar speaker, is announced at Mor- ris Grove, Long Irland, and the “ young men of promire,” whoever they may be, will in. dulge in songe, orations, and so forth, at the Bridge Street church in the good city of Brook- lyn. We may reasonably expect that the “ pe- culiar institution” of the South, the President of the United States, the Congress thereof, as well as the Judges of the United States Sa- preme Court, will receive an unusually large amount of anathematization, while the English government and the Exeter Hall philosophers will be lauded to the seventh heavens. We would suggest to the orators, however, that thia system of alternately cursing the United States and praising British “philanthro- py,” is, to use a familiar expression, pretty well “played out.” A cogent topic for discussion may be found in the recent developements in Liberia and Jamaica, The first named colony is not only an acknowledged failure, bat it ap pears probable that some of its head mon have gone virtaally into the slave trade, by coliect- ing an impost upon the heads of their constita- ents, who were engaged as “apprentices” to work apon French plantations, We should like some information aleo upon other points, It waa no doubt a fine piece of philanthropy which manumitted the blacks of Jamaica; but its prac. tical workings have ulmost ruiaed the island, and we find now tbat the holders of large estates there are endeavoring to persuade tho free blacks hereabouts to emigrate and work upon their plantations, nominally as apprentices, but really undcr worte auspices than the slave, who is a cased for whea ill or euperanpumed, while thé apprentice ia turned adrift to dic. The French republic of 1848, among ite other “gilitering geccralities,” declared thit the blacks ia its evlovies were from that day forth free and ¢qqsl with the whites; but the empire, scarce ten years afterwards, 18 obliged to reestablish a similar system of labor, and to legalize the resumption of the slave trade by au ingenious evesion of existing treaties, Ia England, too, public opinion bas luty taken a decided change, and some of the mort enthusiastic of the old ladies of Exeter Hall have dropped out of the rauks. Practically, the black man seems to lve retrograded rather than advanced during the last twenty years. He has been used up by the politicians of the Greeley school, and hum- bugged all around. If he has any special ocea- sion to be jubilant om next Monday, we should be glad to know what it is. New York State Politics—Signs of Trouble amovg the Demucracy. While there is every probability that the op- position forces of this State will be cut up into two or three separate factions this fall, each with a separate State ticket, we begin to dis- cover some symptoms of discord aud trouble among the bewildered democracy. In the nor thern section of the State, notwithstanding the large body of “radical” or free soil Van Ba- ren democrats that went over to Fremont and the republicans in 1856, there is still a coasi” derable leavening of free soil in the democratic comp, which, it sppears, has taken the shape of an active sympathy with the Douglas defection. The Watertown (Jefferson county) Union, in an article on our November election, urges “the taxpayers of the State to see to it that the nominees for Canal Commissioner and Lieute- nent Governor, on both tickets, are above and beyond the reach of the “ canal rottens.” Now, this slang phrase of the “canal rottens,” ac- cording to the Daily News of this city, an organ of the hard shell faction, “was applied to the canal democrats in the days of Hoffman and Lewis, by a class of disorganizers, most of whom are now where the editor of the Water- town Union will yet be—in the black republican ranks.’ We suspect, however, that this shot from the Watertown paper is levelled at the “rotten” Albany canal and rail- road lobby, in which it is understood that Dean Richmond, Peter Cagger, Erastus Corning, Edwin Croswell, and other conspicuous demo- crats are asdeeply involved as Thurlow Weed and his set. Suffice it to say, that this Water- town exponent of democracy recommends a bolt of the “radicals,” in case the State Con- vention of the party should play into the hands of these aforesaid ‘canal rottens” in the nomi- nation of a State ticket. From this and some other symptoms of de- moralization in the camp, our aforesaid hard shell cotemporary says, “it really seems as thongh the anti-administration icals, anti- canal men and Douglasites were forming a com- bination and threatening to try to control our State Convention;” and we are sorry to hoar it. Meantime Mr. Dean Richmond and Mr. Peter Cagger, chairman and secretary of the Demo- cratic State Central Committee, have issued a call requiring the committee to mect in Albany on the fourth of August, and then and there, wesuppose, they will appoint the day for the State Convention which is to decide either for or against the “canal rottens.” We hadima- gined, from the comparative silence of the last few weeks among the late wrangling factions of the party here and in the “rural districts,” that they were in a fair way for a cordial re- union over the pipe of peace; but it appears that upon this point we have been laboring under a considerable mistake. The Catekill Recorder (democratic) says :— “There can be no doubt that the position of Douglas harmonizes with the general senti- ments of Northern democrats, and that the practical question in the case is simply whether in Illinois this sentiment will be yielded in com- Pliance with orders from Washington,” and that “the tone of the Washington Union precludes the idea of conciliation.” This has the sound of & screw loove in New York, and is ominous of a Douglas bolt here should the Democratic State Convention afford the slightest pretext for the movement. And so, between the discordant factions of the opposition and the demoralized cliques and divisions of the democracy, it is difficult to tell on which side in this State the demoralization is the worst. We shall doubtless have some hot work, some curious doings, and some remarkable develope- ments at our August and September State con- ventions on all sides—republicans, democrats, “radicals,” “Douglasites” and “canal rottens,”’ Know Nothings and “temperance and freedom” men included. But what of that? All these troubles, discords and divisions in the camps of our existing parties are but the workings of the elements of the great political revolution which was opened in 1852 with the extinction of the old whig party; and this revolation, thus com- menced, must work itself out, until our nation- al parties are re-organized upon new principles, new issues, new measures and new men. Tue War or tHe Transit Rourz —We have received some late news relative to the Nicara. gua Transit route, by the arrival of the Grana- da at this port. The Vanderbilt party who were sent down to that republic about six weeks since, full of instructions and $100,000 in specie, returned in her. Gen. Maximo Jerez, a special envoy from Nicaragua, came with them. It does not appear that Com. Vanderbilt has secured the grant, He has probably got some- thing, because it is said the $100,000 were left in Nicaragua. It is not to be supposed that that sum was a mere gratuity to any one in that blessed republic. Our opinion is that Gen. Jerez has full pow ‘range the mat- ter in eome way with governfient, Com. Vanderbilt, in person, or Com. Joe White, or some other commodore. Frequent intercourse with the Yankees, with transit schemes and fili- bastering operations, has sharpened the wits of the Nicaraguans, and our bright commodores find it more diMcult to carry out their speculations to their satisfaction. General Jerez bas aleo brought the Cas-Yrisarri treaty in bis pocket, somewhat modified in two or three articles, and part of his mission isto induce our government to accept it with its altered provisions, Meanwhile, Com. Joe White has announced that his company have made arrangements to open the route early in August—next month; and that he is prepared to contest to the bitter end, if necd be, any infringement on his rights, The Transit wor, it is thus seen, is at its crisis, It Gen. Maximo Jerez escapes and re- turns safely to the bosom of his beloved repub- lio, after he gets into the hands of the half dvz:n commodore who are ready to pounce upon him in Wal street, the old Nicaraguea Minister, Senor Yrisarri, will be very much as- tomebed. Coxsivinad aT Faaun—The extraordinary course pursued by ph ad members of the Com- mon Council, with reference to the investigation of frauds in the Finance Department, might well excite suspicion that a determination exists in certain quarters to prevent the exposure of the guilty parties, to throw obstaeiesin the way of further developements, to justify the crimi- nals, aud maintain the system of corruption and theft which now prevailsin the manage- ment of the city government. Frauds and overpayments in variofis shapes in the street opening and assessment branches, amounting im the aggregate to miMfions of dollars, have beea brought directly home to many individuals by the joint Committee of Accounts, and in re- porting those frauds to the Common Counoil the committee have usually appended » resolu- tion and recommended its adoption which pro- posed some remedy for each special case; but it has repeatedly happened that where such reso- lution affected o delinquent it has not been adopted in the Board of Councilmen, thouge the other Board has generally acceded to the suggestion of the committee. This occars eys- tematically in the Board of Councilmen, and there must be some reason for it. To cite an instance: Some time ago an overpayment of $4,000 was discovered to have been made toe contractor on a street grading job. On in- vestigating the matter the contractor admitted that the overpayment was not an crror, but was made with the full knowledge of the parties concerned. The Committee of Accounts added to their report of the case a resolution that the Comptroller be instructed not to pay this $4,000 to the contracter. The resolution passed the Board of Aldermen; bat when it came to the Board of Councilmen it was rejected. That is tosay, that body voted that the contractor sbould keep the money he had fraudulently ob- tained from the property owners, What hoa- esty can we expect from contractors while they are thus backed up in their iniquity by our olty fathers? In many of the cases of fraud discovered the perpetrators are liable to indictment ; for for- gery, we understand, is no uncommon element in these traneactions. But while this method of shielding criminals and encouraging crime prevails in the Common Council, there is very little chunce thit the Corporation Counset witl be instructed to send any of these cases to the Grand Jury. There is a remedy, however, in the hands of the aggrieved property owners. In every case where an indictable offence has been committed, the owners of property on that etreet should raise a fund, and instruct Mr. Franklin, of the joint Committee of Accounts, to indict the parties implicated, and that they will psy all the expenses. This course wouid bring the city officials to their senses, and strike terror into the rogues. This is the only way the taxpayers can obtain justice, for the city authorities will never move in the matier. Tue Soctarist PLatrorm vor THE Next Pas- SIDENTIAL Campatan.—We give elsewhere a translation of a precious document from the Social Republic, the organ of a set of wrong headed philosophers, who cannot be brought to understand the first principle of our govern- ment, They came here with all their European ideas that government is instituted especially to take care of them, socially as well as politi- cally; and no amount of argument will satisfy them that the President is not bound to furnish them with bread and beef while they lounge, and spout, and booze in taverns. Now, they say that they will demand positive pledges from the next President to foster and cherish all the imperial assassins that may find their way here; to give everybody a farm, whether they are ag- riculturiets or not; to interfere in the negro question, which belongs to the States alone, and to do various other things which will be found duly expressed in their modest “platform.” It is refreshing to know that these philosophers do not intend to set up a candidate of their own; but if they do not flad one who will give thom the required pledges, they have heroically re- solved to abstain from voting for any one. We fear they will be obliged to “ abstain.” In fact, until they understand something about the theory and practice of our government, ab- stention is the very best thing they can do. THE LATEST NEWS. Our Spectal Wa.hington Despatch. DESPA'CHRS FROM THR CHINA SQUADRON—DEPAR- TURS OF THR BAN JACINTO FOR NEW YORK—tH8 ENPEAOR OF ‘IGLDING TO THE OUTSIDE Bakbakians— THe CREW OF tHe SLOOP OF-WaR INDIAN TROUBLES IN THR SOUTHWEAT—CONDITION OF THE THRASUAY. Wasuine rox, July 30, 1858. The Navy Department has received despatches from our squadron in the China seas. Commodore Tatnall had transferred his flag from the San Jacinto to the Powhatan, which arrived at Hong Kong on the 12th of May. The San Jacinto, Captain Bell, sailed for New York on the Lith. ‘The suthorities of Hong Kong had received infor- mation that the Emperor of China had acceded to the wishes of the Allied Commissioners as far as to appoint an official of proper rank to confer with them at Pei Ho. This was regarded as a favorable step towards a solution of existing difficalties. Commander McBlair, writing from the sloop-of- war Dale, at Santa Craz, Teneriffe, June 9, reports the good health of the officers and crew, among whom 80 much sickness lately prevailed. ‘The Secretary of War telegraphed to-day that he would be at Harper's Ferry to-morrow to inspect the Armory there, and return immediately to Wash- ington. Major Rector, Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the Southwest, reports unfavorably of the Indians in that region. They obtain whiskey and commit acts of violence. He attributes this in a great mea- sure to the withdrawal of the troops. ‘The impression is that the Indian tribes located west of Arkansas are likely to prove troublesome. It is said there was plot a short time since to in- tercept and rob Major Garret, Indian Agent, of gov-, ernment money—some three hundied thousand dot Jars—bnt it did not succeed. The Treasury statement to the 28th inst. is as fol- THR GENERAL NEWePAPER DEEP ATOR Wasmnoton, July 30, 1858. The railroad companies with whom a contract was made to carry the mails between Washington and New Orleans in four days, commencing with the present month, have not yet performed the service within that time. This failure will doubtless engage the attention of the Postmaster General when he returns to Washington. It is caused partly by a deficiency in the means of transportation over about seventy miles of country between the unfinished railroads from Goodman's depot and Water Valley in Mississippi. The large amount of mail matter which has there accumulated has, by telograph,been