The New York Herald Newspaper, July 26, 1858, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, QDITOR AND PROPRIETOR OF 100 BM. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU 87S, Fae pany ep fom 6 ; LP. two conte amen TUK WEAKLY Wi ALD every Saturday. tt it CMe. Por sey. oF B per imum the Buropean Bdition Wh per annwin 10 Part a/'Gr eat Tisiutn. oF #6 to any part of the Continent, Ho Reloule prostawe Coteawe AKI... ccccscescsesseneeseee ve 205 4M! BEMENTS THIs EVEMING. BIBL": Gakies, Broadway—Hoap ro Ruin- Pro- menave Concent Ac. WALLAGK'. THbATa*, Heondway—inisa Hossan—- Working THB: KaCLE Babe UN'® men SkO® Broadway—atior R000 and roving, MaGic VewreiugvisM aNd CURIOSTIES WOOMs BUILDINGS, 66) an 663 Sruedway - KreorAs Boras, Daroes £0 - Panonama ov tax Hupson Gives. MEOHANIO© BLL 472 Reoadee —Revants’ MivereeL: —Neono Mmoes anv KuRLEsQues—VinGinia Ferry at BMETHOCOLITSN TARO AN, Thirteth etrest and Recond ore é» GYMN4STIC AN® AORORATIO RNTERTAINUERT, New York, Monday, Jap ‘The Conert mail sie-nee p C neca, Capt. Lang, will Soave Bootes on W.anessay, for Liverpool. The Kuropess mais wil! close tw this onty to morrow ai- fereorn, at ball-psst two e’ciock, to go by railroad, and at ball past four o’cleck, to go by steampont. Tre Suropess ocito0 of De maw, prunes ib French and Engiteh, i) be aunimbed at ‘er o'clock te the morning § Fog!+ ovpias, 1) wrappers, atx conta Bubdscripuans a4 edvartisemonts for amy etition of the Gee Vous Suustp ii! be receiwad at the following piace ‘a Barope— Lamvos 2amavs iow, « ory ‘. im Baropeaa Expres Oo", 61 Hing Willa ot ane... Am -beropcan Ex orem On .8 Punx dela Sourse Scrmeront..am. ¢vrovesn Exorees So, 9 Snape! atreet g Shan, 10 Enctange eoréet, Henk Maven Am -®aropean Expreas %., 21 Rue Vorn ile ‘The contents ¥ the Turepeas odition of the Bena Wi! combi%e the news received by mali and telograpb at jae office Guring the previour wack, and ap to the hour of pablicaton ‘The News. ‘We spread be ‘ore ou: readers thia morning fuller @etails of the news bron bh by he ~teamship Indian, ‘at Quebec. By the arrival of the Agamemnon and Valorous at Qu: eustown on thy 12th inst., we are in- formed that the telegraph cable was broken near the stern of the Agamemnon, when one hundred and forty miles of it had b-en payed out of that vessel On the arrival of the A. at Queenstown it had been determined to make « final at empt to lay the cable, and the fleet was announced to sail on the 17th inst. for that purpose. The cause of the breaking of the cable is unknown, the strain on it at the time being quite light. During the violent storm which the Agamemnon experienced previous to the late at- tempt, sbe sustained considerable damage, and all the electrical instruments were injured by the heavy rolling of the ship. In the House of Lords on the 12th inst.,the House of Commous bill to admit Jews into Parliament was passed. Ina debate inthe House of Commons on aresolation declaring it expedient to discontinue the practice of visiting vessels under foreign flags, It was stated, on the part of the government, that the recent difficulty with the United States had been gettied, and that it had proposed to Fran.e the estab} lishment of a commission on the spot to inquire into the free iabor system recently establishei. It was reported in London that Sir Allen McNab would be the first Governor of New Caledonia. Astley, Williams & Co., of Liverpool, with liabili- Cies estimated at £150,000, engaged ia the South Americar. trade, bad suspended. Letters from Paris announce a visible improve ment in commercial affairs. Twenty-six Christians bad been rescued from Jeddsb by the British steamship Cyclops and taken to Snez. The maseacre of the Christians took place on the 15th of June. Among the victims were the English and French Consuls, with the wife of the latter, and some twenty others. No Christians re- mainrd at Jeddah. From Ind‘a we have advices to the $d of June. The rebels were again becoming very troublesome in Central India. The Cawnpore rebels were marching on Gwalior, and it was reported that a British column sent in pursuit of them had been beaten. Dates from Hong Kong, China, to May 22, had been received in Liverpool. The English and French admirals were at Peecbe!a, and it was expected in a few days the forts at the mouth of the river would be captered. At Hong Kong imports had improved, ‘and at Canton a lange business was doing, The Liverpool cotton market was quiet and dall, and there had been a slixht decline on all qualities, that on the lower grades being about one-eighth of a penny. Consols in London were quoted at 95) a 95), and the money market was unchenged. By our spec despatch from Washington we learn that the atten ion 0” the government ix at present attracted tothe rights and claims of the Hudson's Bay Company in regard to the miners on Frazer river. It ia stated that the company have No possesory right over the mivers as all mines are ceded to the British crown, and that the imposition of taxes or license fees is a usurpation of authority. It ie reported that on the Ist of Augast, the names of no less than sixty appointees to positions in the Custom House will be announced. Mr. Birdsall, the Naval Officer at this port, still re mains at Binghsmtom sick, but nevertheless mana gree to announce by letter certain changes weekly in his office. The ollowing are among the most re- cent changes in the clerical force of the department: Gustave Landsman, vice T. A. Hodgkinson, removed; Henry Merrill, vice James A. Rich, removed; W. H. King, vice W. Tooper, removed; Pliny 8. Miles, vice W. H. King, promoted; J. 0. Dissosway, vice J. M. Rerraghan, deceased. A correspondeat at Laguna, who has resided many years in Yuoutan, writes as follows:—“ It is re- ported, on pretty good authority, that the govern- ment of Belize, Honiuras, has taken possession of the fortified town of Bacalor ; their force is said to be 300 troops, chiefly blacks. We are ignoraut of the Precise object of this measure, but fear it may be the commencem:n ©’ a new protectorate, adding at the same time their strength to that of the Indians against tbe Yucatan troops, who have long been en. gaxed im @ doubtful struggle with their savage neigh- lors. Let the Voited States goverament look well to it, or civ lized Yucatan will be sacrificed to the united strength of red and black banditti.” The annexed table shows the temperatare of the atmoephere in this city during the past week, the Penge of the barometer, the variation of wind cur Fents, and the state of the weather at three periods daring each day, viz. at 9 A. M.,and 3 and 9 o'clock houses, causes much injury to the shipping interest, ‘y detention, and the masters and owners of vessels have applied to the Secretary of the Treasury for relief. The steamer Cinderea made a special trip to the lower Quarantine yesterday, and brought to the Marine Hospital, from the Spanish frigate Be renguela, ten of her seamen who are suffering with fever ‘The Mortons of New York and neighboring States met in conference yesterday afternoon and evening, in Broome street, the first meeting since the war. They were strong on peace and manifest- ed considerable satisfaction with the proceedings of the new Governor, as the resolution respecting him and a brief synopsis of the evening speech show. The report will be found elsewhere. ‘The police of the Tweuty-recond precinct yester- day arrested a party of bruisers at the foot of Seventieth street, who had proceeded to that spot for the purpose of having a prize fight. The prin- c pals, named Colden and Meyers, were pummolling each other when the police disturbed them, and suc- eceded in capturing eighteen of the party, among them the principals. The fight was for a suit of clothes worth $8. Another party of the same character, assembled for the same purpose on the Coney Island plank road, was broken up by the Brooklyn police. The fight had alse commenced when the police arrived. Eighteen arrests were made, though unfortunately the principals escaped. A German festival, on a grand scale, commences at Jones’ Wood to-day, and will be continued to- morrow. It has been got up by oar German milita- ry and eivic societies, and the receipts are to be add- ed to a fund for the erection of a monument to the memory of Baron Steuben, of revolutionary fame. ‘The cotton marixet was qvist on Sa Srdey; the sales were onfied to about 800 0 490 bales at unchanged prices. The flour market was firm, but the supplies of desira>ie “Dipping lots and fresh ground parcels of State and West ern were scarce, fhe sales were moderate, without change of moment in quotations; Southern brande were in moderate supply, and prices firmer for some gradem Prupe wheat wan measeradly exnausted, snd the eupply of all kinds was moderate; sales more light, at prices given in snother colums. Very little was done ja Indian corn; the sales were confined to small lots of Western mixed unsound, which were sold on private terms, with a ‘te unsound round yellow at 930, Pork was Grm, with ® moderate business doing at $17 12 for mess, and at #)4for prime. Sugars were firm, with fair sales of 1,200 * 1,300 bhde Cuba muscovado, and 180 do. Malado at fall prices. Coffee wan eteady, with email sales of Rio aad of 4 »6ge 3t. Domingo, with a email lot of Maracaibo at eustalping prices, eapecial'y for St Domingo, which was firmer. Freights were firm, while engagements were voderate, Shall the State be Revised and ? At the State election, to be held in this State in November next, the voters will be calied upon to express their will in favor of, or averse to, the proposition to call a eonvention to reviee the constitution of the State. The ‘ast constitution was framed in 1846, and con- ains a clause which directs that in 1866, and in every succeeding twentieth year, the question thall be submitted to the people: “Shall there be * convention to revise the constitution and amend the same?” and also that the same ques- tion may be put at such time as the Legislatare msy by law provide. . If, therefore, there had been no legislative action on the subject, the question would not have come before the people until 1866; but during the last session a law was paseed directing the question to be sub- mitted at the fall election of 1858. There are several very important reasons why the question of the revision and amend- ment of the constitution should be submitted in 1858 instead of in 1866. The constitution of 1846 hes bade full and fair experiment, and has proved defective in many points, particularly as to the exeoutive and the judiciary depart- menta. The idea which governed the men who framed the constitution of 1846 was decentrali- zation. It was thought at that time that the Governor exercised much more patronage and power than were consistent with democratic principles, and so the Convention went to work in the opposite extreme, and stripped him so completely as to make him little else than the chief of a bureau. And in the sameview they demoralized our judiciary, by making the judges elective officers, dependent upon that ort of popularity that governs in the Pewter Mug, Tammany Hall, and in those sinks of pollution where primary elections are held and party nominations con- trolled. Thus the two great departments of our State government—the executive and the judi- ciary—being organized upon wrong principles, there can be no porsiWility of having the laws properly administered or executed; and there is no remedy for the evil except in the remodelling of those departments and establishing them on sound principles. We propose, however, to con- fine ourselves in this article to the discussion of the question in regard to the executive, resery- ing that in regard to the judiciary for a future occasion. The fourth article of the constitution of 1846 vests the executive power of the State in the hands of a Governor who shall be elected by the people, and who shall hold his office for two years ; and eubsequent articles provide aleo for the election by the people of all the adminis trative officers of the government. Thus the Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, and Attorney General, who constitute, in fuct, the Governor's cabinet, are elected by the people, ineteed of being appointed directly by the Go- vernor, So it is, also, with the State Engineer, the Canal Commissioners, the Inspectors of State Prisons, the District Attorneys, and every other State officer, down to the very lowest grade. The consequence of this is apparent. The executive has no control over his subordi- nates, and they bave no accountability to him. It may often happen that they are in opposite party camps; and it does very usually happen that men utterly unqualified for the positions to which they are elected are furnished to the executive, who has to get along with them as best he may. As the Go- vernor has no voice in the selection of his administrative officers, he cannot, of course, be fairly held accountable for the manner in which their duties are discharged. They arc not responsible to him, and are only amonable to the people by way of impeachment; but there is a wide distinction between such neglect, ignorance and incompetence as would justify the Governor in dismissing an officer, and such misdemeanors in office as would justify an im- peachment. The operation of the same bad principle of decentralization overstretched is felt in this city. Our Mayor occupies the same position of powerlesaness relative to the heads of depart- ments as the Governor does relative to his ad- ministrative officers, He is, in fact, a nullity in all executive matters, bis only real power being legislative, in the exercise of the veto privilege. The Comptroiler, the Street Com- missioner, the Corporation Counsel, and every ether executive officer of the city, hold their offices independently of bim, and owe to him a0 sort of accountability. The consequence of Maire at Quarantine continue as last reported. this want of responsibility everywhere is seen ‘The refuse! of Collector Schell to permit goods from | in the dieorgenized condition of our finances, dovted Yomeis to be stored im we federal ware aud ia Wie vulruptou wat rvigus unchecked P.M RPMARKS. sone, Patarday—Olear @)) day oiert, c! Snday—Morning overonst; 12} P.M, heavy shower night, clear Honcay—Clear ail day. night, clear Toweday—Clear all day nig rt, clear Wednesday Morning, overcast with light rain noon, Owndy night, beevy rain Fray er re'ng, Coed; nese. lear; night, clear —Morving, cl@ar, coon, clear; night, ctear. feenroay—Morning. clear. NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JULY 26, 1868. throughout every department of the city go] Te Common Ovunell and the Jxtut Cum verrment. Like causes produce like results. The remedy for wll this is to be found by re- sorting to the tru¢ principles of gevernment Thoee principles have been better formalized ia the constitution of the United States than in Sny other instrument ever devised for the go- vernment of & people. It comes as near perfec tion as we can ever hope te arrive at. Let our State constitution be amended so as to make it confirm in all essential points to that great Origival, and many of the evils of bad government now felt in city and State will be cured. Thus, let the Governor be elected, a8 at prevent, by the people. His term of office should be, however, leagthened so a8 to make it equal to that of the President of the United States, Two years is entirely too short a period ever to permit of a line of governmental policy being properly establiched or even fairly tried. Them he should have the right of sppointing, by and with the advice and cousent of the Senate, his own sdministrative officers, who would be accountable to him for the faith- ful and efficient discharge of their respective duties, he being respousible te the people for the whole courre of his administration. In the heads of departments thus selected by the Go- vernor should rest the power of appointment to all the eubordinate posts in their respective de- partments, and so on ad infinitum, each officer being directly responsible to the appointing power, and the chief executive responsible to the people. ‘The same system is equally applicable to the government of a city, and is the only one under which a city can be properly governed. The Mayor should be, as at present, elected by the citizens, and all the executive power of the city confided to his hands. He should have the power, by and with the consent of the Board of Aldermen, to appoint the Comptroller, the Street Commiecioner, the Corporation Counsel, and all the other heads of departments, holding them strictly accountable to him for the faithful and efficient performance of their duties, he himself being solely responsible to the citizens. This is not centralization. It is as much decentrali- zation and.as much democracy as the present inefficient and corrupt system, only it is a much more, practical, enlightened and sensible exem- plification of it. If we would have good govern- ment in city and State, our constitution must be amended in the spirit of these éuggestions; and in the hope that it will be so amended, we will support the propositiongor the calling of a con- vention to revise the constitation of 1846. Morr Licut on Nicaracva Travsrr Ar- ramrs.—We have received another ray of light on the entangled skein of Nicaragua Transit af- fairs. A gentleman from Central America, in a letter which we publiehed on Friday, tells us that Joe White's grant for the Transit route, which was supposed to be the basis of the Cass- Yrisarri treaty, expired on the 30th of June last, and that both grant and treaty fell toge- ther. We do not know how true this latter as- sertion may be, for there isa hitch in this last Joe White contract about the construction of a railroad from Lake Nicaragua to the Pacific, which is not so very clear. It was pub- licly announced some time since that he sent down a Mr. Fitzgerald to construct the road, end, #0 far as wo can learn, he is at work doing something in Nicaragua. Upon the interpre- tation of this stipulation may depend the ex- istence or the relapse of the White contract. The late much trumpeted proceedings of Com- modore Vanderbilt, in sending down hi: son-in- law (Allen) with one hundred thousand dollars in his pocket, and an asserted determination to open the route in ninety days, has also been ex- plained to us. It seems that the famous nego- tiator, Mr. Webster, purchased of some of the governments down there the existing Transit steamers, and to pay for them drew drafts on Commodore Vanderbilt. The Commodore did not see fit to honor them, and they were, accord- ingly, returned to Centre] America under pro- test. As he became afterwards ascured that the Joe White contract would lapse on the 30th of June, he sent Mr. Allen and the money down to Nicaragua for the purpose of paying those drafts and accepting the boats, but with the ex- prees condition that with them he should re- cleve an exclusive grant of the,Transit route, It now remains to be seen whether the hundred thousand dollars will bring the boats and the grant into the possession of the Commodore. There is in all there proceedings relative to the Transit steamers in Nicaragua sometbing that ie not very comprehensible, These boats were the private property of an American com- pany. General Walker confiscated them and told them to Morgan & Garrison. They were subsequently captured by the Costa Rican gov- ernment, assisted by the “house of Vanderbilt.” All of Gencral Walker's acts have been declared void by the government of Nicaragua, on the ground that his was ® ueurping government. We do not conceive that these steamers were good prizes of war, and it would seem that there is good ground for a claim for their restitution to the Nicaragua Accessory Transit Company. Have the rights of this company been com- pletely overrlaughed in the selfieh contests of some of its former members to obtain a mono- poly of the Nicaragua transit’ We suspect there is yet a “ nigger in the fence” in relation to this subject. The relish squabbles of these Transit route commodores have lost to themselves a most profitable enterpriee, gnd deprived the country for two years of one of its most important routes of travel. It is now time that the gov- ernment showld cut Iteelf loose from these mo- hopolizing interests, and by the adoption of a firm policy in our Central American relations, open a field there for new interests and enter- prises by new men. The conduct of the Moros, the Martinezes, and Rivases, of Central America has been just as selfish and avaricious in this matter as has been that of our steamboat com- modores. A firm attitude towards them is jast as necereary as it is towards the Transit route speculators here. They have given us ample occasion, and, indeed, have forced our govern- ment into the porition of taking some such step, by their mendacious declaration appended to the Belly grant. Avyornen DewonstraT® at Grervrowx.— Our naval correspondent at Pensacola, whose letter will be found in to-day’s Wernatn, sends ne the important intelligence that the squadron at Key West, which includes the frigates Wa- bach and Colorado, the razee Macedonian and the sloop Plymouth, had been ordered to Grey- town. This imporing force is probably sent to enforce upon the Nicaraguan government the abenrdity of further juggling with us in rela- tion to the Cass-Yrissari treaty, and likewise to ut in a covert againet the French, Mnglish and Sardinian protocol. The gordian knot of Cen- tral American diplomacy may yet be cut with a rvaud cul, mlties of Accounts, ‘The numerous and gross frauds which bare been discovered im the Assessment Department induced & member of the Board of Councilmea-- Mr. Brady—to move, at the meeting of thxt body on Friday, that the joint Committee of Accounts be directed immediately to exter upoo a thorough investigation of the mode of coo- ducting businces in the Assessor's office. The reeolution wasadopted; but i¢ was attempted to be nullified by a motion of Mr. Genet, that the joint Committee of Accounts be discharged on the ground that they had developed no frauds, and were imposing upon the public. This is rather curious conduct on the part of Mr. Genet; but whetber it can be eccounted for by the fact that he repre- sents the Nineteenth ward, where some of his leading constituents may be affected by too close an investigation into the affairs of the Asseseor’s office, we cannot say. But what sre the facts respecting the developement of frauds by the joint committee? They have shown a deficiency of eight millions in the oity revenue, all of which must be raised agaia by taxation. They have traced to various depart- ments and individuais—officials and contractors mainly—between five and cix miliions of this amount already. In their very last measure to discover where the fraud: lay in the opening of Canal etreet by issuing cireulars to all the as- sessed parties, they have found that $20,000 had been paid the collectors, for which re- ceipts were produced, and which sum was not accounted for. .They have cullected $50,000 more from parties who had never been notified that their property was assessed at all, many of whom had to pay thirty-six per cemt—three years interest—on the amount of their @eessment, showing clearly that the whole affair has been systematically fraudulent throughout; yet Mr. Genet has the effrontery to say that they have developed no frauds. Of all the committees instituted for the purpose, the joint Committee of Accounts is the only one which has accomplished anything ; and it is doing better than merely developing frauds —it is preparing a new order of things ; cutting out new rules amd systems, whereby there wili be some check on the official conduct and ac- counts of officers under the Corporation; and hence the opposition the committee has met. with in certain quarters. If the Common Council which created it does not sustain it, it can de nothing; but from the action of Mr. Genet at the last meeting, and other previous proceedings, it looks as if the Council were alarmed, like Frankenstein, at the giant they had breathed life into. The Street Commissioner reported, a short time ago, a deficiency of a quarter of a million in the ac- counts of Joseph R. Taylor, and requested the Common Council to have them investigated. One would suppose that this would startle the Board, and that they would have at once ordered the joint Committce of Accounts, who have a staff of competent clerks employed, to andit the accounts of Mr. Taylor; but, instead of that, they referred the document to the Law Committee, of which Mr. Genet is Chair- man. This is the first time we ever heard of a complicated account containing millions of figures, and running over three years, being placed tn the hands of a committee on law for investigation. Whatever may be the opinion of the Common Council regarding the joint Committee of Ac- oounte—whether they fear its potency for good, or are disposed to encourage its action—we are well aseured that it is just the thing the public require, and that they will insist upon seeing its course of action carried out, without ob- struction, to the end; and that the honest por- tion of the voters in the city will visit with displeasure every member of the Council who throws obstacles in the way of » full and free investigation into the abominable system of fraud and corruption by which the property owners have been robbed for many years past, and our city has become a shame and a dis- grace to the nation. Massacre or Curistiays ny MonamMEpass.— In the telegraphic news from Quebec brought hy the steamer Indian, we find an acgount of a dreadfal massacre of Christians by Mohamme- dans, at “ Jeddah,” in Arabia. Twenty persons, including the Britich and French Consuls, are reported to be victims to this outrage. At- tacks of this kind by the Mohammedans have been painfully frequent within the last few months. Christian missionaries have been cruelly assaulted at different points in Syria since the commencement of this year. In Jan- uary last the house of an American minister— Rev. Walter Dickson—at Jaffa was attacked by « party of Arabs, his son-in-law murdered, the wife of the murdered man and her mother bra- tally violated, and the missionary himsclf beaten seneelevs by the guns of the marauders. In May, at a point farther north—the little town of Zahleh, half way between Beyrout and Damastut—another American missionary (Rev. Mr. Dod) was driven out of his home by the natives, and compelled to take to the moun- tains under a scorching Syrian eun, with his wife and infent child. This last outrage, how. ever, is represented of s more bloedy and alarming character, and will probably demand the interference of England and France, whose representatives are among the murdered. Since the outbreak of the Indian war there reeme to have sprung up among the Mobam- medan nations all over Asia a bloody hostility to the Christians; whether that event has had anything to do with the sudden revival of that spirit or not, it is hard to say; but it looks as if it had gained an extraordinary impulse, from the fact that the Mohammedan and Hindoo popu- Jation of Hindostan were in arms against the reat Christian “civilizer” of the Indian penin- sula. ‘The outrages Of our Wostern savages upon the white race are evidently, from some cause, being re enacted in the East. Avprrman Tucker on “ Swins. Pep Menx.”’ The bill introduced the other day by Aldermen Tucker, in the Board of Aldermen, for the en couragement of the consumption of “ swill fed milk,” was a moet striking exemplification of the pewer of the “sober second thought.” The motion of Mr. Tucker was, that all the wagons engaged in distributing milk from the distillery tables should be labelled © Swill Fed Milk,” e0 that the lovers of that pure and refreshing beverage would know where to find it at a glance of the eye. We second the mo- tion of Father Tucker. Let all the milk wag- one from the swill establishments be labelled “Swill Fed Milk,” so that he who “ pays his money” may “take his choice.” It is the fairest proposition that could be devised for the cubmistion.of the milk question to the popular vote, Let it be carricd out, aud Fathor Tucker Ow Somme: Reacats Hastony, Fastalon, Par treat. Outside of the State of New York we have Jetters from New Jersey, Rhode [siand, New Hampsbire, Virginia, and the Canadas. These letters present a very fair view of the attractions of the respective points, and give an insight into their local, farhionable and other characteristics. Therefore, for those who bave made the tour of these places, who medi- tate doing #0, or who bave not the remotest idea of ever visiting them, this correspondence muet bave such an interest as to warrant us io giving to it the space we do. the Union, if not in the grandear of its ecenery —tbough what can surpass the Hudson, Niaga- ga, and the Catskill Mountains ?—at least in the historical remiuiscences with which it is preg- nent. The ante-Revolutionary history of New York is perfectly unique. It was the ground on whiob, more than a hundred years ago, three ‘The Way Banks are Started in Penneytvanian Mow the Pablic ave Piesced We publich in to day's Herap, tbe report, en- tire, of the Legislative Committee of the Pean- sylvenia Legislature, eppointed to exacine into the affeire of certain bankiog institutions ia that Stute, Its banking Jaws do not require the deposit of etook or mortgage to seoure the re- demption of the circulation, as ours do; and of course there is every opportunity for fraud ; end the cases alluded to will be found among the most audacious swidles of the day. The subscriptions to the Tioga County Bank, the pie veer rogue, clearing the way for the others, were paid in coip and bapk aotes of specie pey- ing institutions, to the amount of $27,310; and €0 far the law was complied with, at least for a few days. They were made, however, by a frag- dolent power of attorney, held by one Wella D. Walbridge, among whose principals were seven females, whose residences and cuvdition in life have not yet heen discovered. A Jarge amount of the stock was taken by this Mr. Walbridze, « resident of Buffalo, and a Mr. Brawley, of Mead- ville. On the very day the bank became a legal ixati- tution, but before its officurs were appointed, discounts were wade to the extent of $20,155 to parties in Buffalo, and other places anknowa, whose responsidility on subaeqoent inquiry was found to be woree than equivocal. Sixteen por- sons residing in that city were accommodated to the extent of $89,066 38, of which about $54,000 remains uvpaid, and the ledger balance ehows only the sum of $3,556 in cash, to meet liabilities amounting to $128.520 16. The bille discounted are not supposed to be worth ten cents on the dollar. This is as neat a piece of financiering as one might bear of in Wall street; and vo doubt it bas enabled some swindler or other to keep bis carriage and face the world. Such things sre not co rare as wight be sap- posed. Tbere are bankers, s0 called, who ows more than balf a milliou, who have repudiated their obligations upd have set up their equipages without the least twinge of coa- scienc: or fear of the law. The Tioga County Bank being set afloat, the seme perties undertook the management of the Crawford County Bank. Baffalo, represeated in the august person of Mr. Wells D. Walbridge, made up the deficiency in the subscriptions which bad bung fire~ for eeveral months, and took 1,010 shares by power of attorney, as illegal as the other, and 200 for himself It was an easy matter to pay up the first instal- mi nte. of the Tioga County Bank will soon be regarded as a publio benefactor, though we cannot undertake to say that his opinion of the marveltous virtues of “ ewili fed milk” would be sustained, ane Fotly. We publish today ao onusually large batch of correspondence from almost all our mot fecbionsble and frequented places of sammer re- Thia State itself aurparces all otber States of powerful Eurcpesn nations contended for em- pire. The English, French and Dutch were all enxious to maintain themselves on its soil, and the largest regular miiitary forces that ever landed in America landed here. The Dutch first possessed this city, establishing colonies on the Hudson and Connecticut. They even drove a fourth nation—the Swedee—from their settlements on the Delaware, and some of their bravest com. mandere, naval and military, were em ployed in the protection of their posses sions. The English, in their turn, sent some oftheir bravest officers and most intelli- gent civilians to manage the affairs of the colo- by after it was snatched from the hands of the Dutch. The French made numerous efforts to disporcess the English. The expeditions of the Count de Frontenac and the Marquis de Mont. calm are famous. Numerous and well appoint- ed forces on both sides made their appearance on the shores of St Sacrament and Lake Cham- plain, and the efforts of Abercrombie, Howe, and subquently of the celebrated Lord Amherst, have left the pages of our early history crim- soned with the blood of the brave. In this State also occurred during the Revolu- tionary war the naval conflict in which Arnold, not then lost, crowned himself with glory; the singular capture of Ticunderoga by Ethan Allen, aad the expedition of Burgoyne, with all its re- markable incidents. Long Island has its re- miniscences in the retreat of the American forces, the abandonment of the city of New York to a superior force, and the masterly ma- neuvres of Washington when taking up a new position at White Plains. The valley of the Mobawk also witnessed during the two wars events of @ stirring character. The history of the Johnson family—Sir William and Guy—and the departure of Sir John for Canada at the head of his Scotch tenantry, nearly eight hun- dred strong, who returned “to Lochaber no more,” have also a peculiarly romantic cast; and eo onward in the Revolution—the siege of Fort Stanwix and its gallant defence by the first New York regiment of the line, are all of marked interest. The capture of Fort Fronte- nac by Col. Bradstreet, and of Niagara by Gea. Prideaux, where he fell in the arms of vic- tory; the aseault on Oswego, or Fort Burnet, named after the accomplished Colonial Gover- nor of that name during the French war, are also chronicled in our romantic anvals Returning to the Hudson, we have the Revo- lutionary drama of West Point, the hairbreadth escape of Governor George Clinton and his brother, General James, from Fort Montgomery, and the eplendid capture of Stony Point by “Mad Anthony.” Go where we may, our State is full of the memorials of events like thesee— events without a parallel in the history of the country. Of course it is not to be supposed that the letters of our correspondents are devoted to the past history of the localities, although even that is sometimes a very interesting feature in them. They are for the most part restricted to the de- ecription of the features of the placce, the style of fashion that prevails there, the number and rank and worth and beauty of the guests, acd the amusements wherewith the time is beguiled. Sometimes they undertake to enlighten us as to the peculiar excellencies of the table, the bland- ness of the hosts, and the gentlemanly conduct of the hotel clerks and railroad condactore; bat our rule is to treat thie portion of the communi- cation as confidential, and not intended for the public eye; and so we take the liberty of striking it out. Still, there isa good deal of interesting in- formation that finds its way iuto our columas through these watering place letters. For in- stance, we learn through one publisbed to-day that the firheries on the Hudson constitate an important part of our internal industry—more important than we had ever assigned to them At ono village alone—Qekhill, opposite West Point—the daily sales of herring sometimes foot up as bigh as 400,000; and shad and etur- geon, in their respective seasons, reward in a proportionate manner the fisherman's toils Another correxpondent from North Carolina, by way of illustration of the natural salubrity of thore pine regions, sends us an account of a family of twenty-one sone, produced by threes; and “a young married lady up town” takes adveutage of our liberality to fre a rough broadside into the little village of Tottenville, Staten Island, intended to demolish the village and all its widows and old maids, On the whole, our watering place correspondence is very readable. New bills were paid in to the extent of $18,000 or $20,000, being nearly the amount of the dis- count at the former iostitution up to that date. In June of the present year, it appeara, by the cashier’s report, that its circulation was $34,055; its whole liabilities were $87,989 37, and ita as- sets in cash items (probably overdrawn checks) were $2,047 69, and in gold and silver $2,796 84. It also owes its depositors about $2,600, nd some banks which took its bills (probably the Tioga County was one of them) about $8,000. The Shamokin Bank was another of these Pennsylvania traps. A Mr. Thayer was the master spirit on this occasion, having six other Thayers to aid him in his operations, and ten ladies “to fortune and to fame unknown,” if we msy trust the official report, to assist him in teking shares in the Shamokin. A Buf- falo operator, of the name of Meech, who had a hand in the other bank operations, also lent his aid. Of the $38,000 required by Inw to be paid in at the time of subscription, $28,000 were in Tioga and Crawford bank notes; and the moment the institution was organized $41,015 50 were discounted in three sums—viz., $1,015 50 on the note of Underwood & Lock- wood, and $40,000 on two notes of J. Jackson, of thie city. Its affairs stand thus: whole circula- tion, $26,460; depositors, $796; and other items of debt amounting to $66,543. Its cash on hand was $2,372 05, and its furniture worth $1,200. Its bills receivable are about $57,000; but being receivable and being paid are two very different things. There was quite an episode in the history of thisconcern, A Quaker by the namo of Undor- bill drew out the principal funds of the bank aa soon as paid in, and handed them over to a Mr. J. R Robinson; and another Quaker, of the name of Zadoc Street, got possession of $20,000 of the notes for circulation avd exchange, under pre- tence that he would help along, by paying in himee'f $40,000 (half in gold) within ten days. This Mr. Street, however, made a bee line for Philade)pbia, paid his debts along the way with the Shamokin notes, operated with brokers on his own account, and bonght grain to manofacture into flour—thus bringing grist to his own mill. For the honor of Pennsylvania he was nabbed. bronght—notto punishment—bnt to ® compromise, and made to disgorge. Tt ap- pears that on this occasion, however, the pro- verb was confuted, that there is “honor among thieves.” In the settlement he made with the di- rectors, who parsued him, with astonishment in their ‘aces, by the fastest locomotives on the raile, he actually passed off on them, as pack- oges of money containing $10,000, a parcel of worthless papers tied up and sealed in bank foebion. Wall street could not beat this. It may put forth frandulent certifi. cates of stock; but these are not distinguish. able on the face of them from the genuine; but Zadoo actually did his friends out of ten thoneand with worthless papers picked up in bis flight, and a penny’s worth of wax on the outeide, Mr, Underhill’s honesty was not more remarkable, He figured up his property in town blocks and saw mille at $55,000; but when it was carefully looked into, it diminished to the eum of $400—wild cat money. Two other banks were started in the sante style. The Phanixville subscription was made by some of the old operators, in connection with a new list of capitalists as rich as themselves, The instalments paid in were in Tioga County Lecowrron To ae Resecten, Cermrs AND Svne—The Washington Union of Saturday, in a general article on “What the administration has done,” says that “not only have the sections lost all thelr morbid solicitude to force Kansas iuto the Union as a slave or free State, but Kan- eas hereelf has been completely cured of her im- patience to enter the confederacy, and will pro- bably vote next (this) Monday week to remain a Territory for teveral years to come.” This means that ehe will reject the Lecompton con- stitution; and we presume this opinion was de- rived from Governor Denver during his late visit ot Washington. With regard, however, to her voting to “remain a Territory for several years to come,” we apprehend that that is a gray horee of another color. While there is a rag of this Kaneas agitation to swear by, we may reat amured that our Kaneas shriekers will keep it flaunting in the wind; and so all bands would do well to prepare for another ventilation of the eurjcot with the remecmblirg of Corgress, Bank bills. The Octorara aleo made a begin- ning, and actually received the subscriptions im good money; but it became alarmed at the ex- poeures, a “line of discounts” was not attempt- ed, and it had not commenced business oa the 16th of the present month. The report very justly calls for a radical and entire change in tue banking system of Penn- sylvania, And well it may. There disclosures show to what a shocking condition its fluancial morals—if there are any euch things—have ar- rived. Cheatery and swindling are probably there considered as proofs of cleverness and skill, as well as here. No one seems now-a-days ashamed to act as agent for a fraudulent bank, and bank note reporters will for « consideration quote their bills at rates to answer any purpose This is the seorct of the suecess of some of those respectable sheets which, by theit false qnota- tions, help these swindling institutions to keep on their lege. be +ystem of redemption in this city is ang