The New York Herald Newspaper, January 31, 1858, Page 3

be kept; aye ponible ‘that the executive or Le the older States may be with power to meet a financial crisis, great eenstitutional jealousy is felt as to any ‘action. law has not I all States in ules yenerel banking , it is to be expected it will be early applied, as the late crisis has proved the intrinsic on ultimate yee st, ee established currency under the deposit security. Commercial losses tong ing Paver uaiirs nor, in cases, compensated; vency, bank- toy, or assignment laws of the States = iax—in- solvency being a general fate, involves no stigma; and as positive swindling unpunished, ‘there is no legal punishment for 3 which eome next to it. The traders who have failed will start again, and their home and foreign creditors t railway undertakings, the interest of the bon olders will suffer for a while from the necessity of providing for immediate liabili- ties, and for creating preferential securities; but, as ‘the traffic of the country is in rapid developement, ‘the ultimate returns will, in most cases, restore reve- aue to the various classes of bondholders and share- holders. In.some instances, however, the first or ether class of bondholders will have got possession of the works, and destro, the security of all other ‘lasses of creditors. The prospects and n of each line depend, however, on individual circum- stances, and can only be determined in detail. The War In India. 4 CONVOY FROM DELHI FOR CAWNPORE. A correspondent of the London Times has forward- e@ to that Journal the following extract from a let- ter received by him from his son, who superintends ‘the commigsariat at Delhi, dated December 1:— We are about to start an immense cénvoy, collect- ed here and by the commissary at Meerut, for the force at Cawnpore. We have jintly assembled 300 elephants, 2,000. camels, and 20,000 bullocks, a nice collection of animals to escort safely with all ‘their attendants, nearly 10,000 men, down the road 258 miles to Cawnpore, with Futteghur only 20 miles te the left of that road,and Calpee to right, both held by a strong force of the rebels, We can enly afford,as escort for this string of animals, which will occupy nearly ten miles of road, one regiment, reduced or weak in numbers; one troop of horse artillery, a squadron of carbineers, anda corps of Sikh cavalry. It is a curious and a eredible thing that, unaided from home. we have not only taken Delhi, but have already sent 2,000 men from here to the Commander-in-Chief, and are still able to send him nearly 2,000 more. The London News of January 16 says:— A report has reached us—we regret to add, from @ reliable source—that as soon as Maun Sing’s ad- hesion to the insurgent cause in Oude became known all the small Talookdars, who had hitherto stood aloof, hastened to make the best terms they ould for themselves with the rebels. It is stated that, with a view to make their accession the more aceeptable, such of them as_had previously conceal- ed and protected Euro} fugitives, delivered them up to the enemy, and that all our unfortunate covh- trymen and countrywomen thus surrendered have been butchered. Interesting from China. PREPARATIONS FOR THE ATTACK ON CANTON—OF- FWIAL CONFERENCE AT MACAO—COMMISSIONER REED IN SOLITUDE ON THE MINNESOTA—WHAT WILL LORD ELGIN ASK OF YEH—BRITISH I@NO- Bong Kong (Nov. 28) Corre of London Times.} ong (Nov. 2 rrespondence of London Times. On the 18th the Caloutte, flagship moved from her moorings in this harbor and proceeded towards Can- ton. She is now anchored off Tiger Island, and is oocupied in throwing shells with marvellous precision into three large targets. Three days ago there was an impression through- out the colony that a decisive advance was to be made on the morrow, and a lodgment effected upon the large island of Honam, immediately opposite the factones. Either this intention was never enter- tained or it was reconsidered, for the day passed ever, and every one is again asking, “ What are we waiting for?’ All things are in a state of prepara- tion. e four mortars destined for the special benefit of Gough’s Fort are gone up, the ps are ours’ I all clustered up and down within three steaming of the city walls, the marines are all housed their barracks at Wantung, ready to be embarked ©! 1 moment's notice, the storeship is elose to the of operations, the Furious has been ‘enuded of her useless main deck guns, and eal still in her upper deck armament, has been Tittea to_convey Lord and his suite to a point whence he can commence his Hs Sapoe ml the it the co-operation can be embarked and carried up in twenty-four hours. Moreover, it is w! red that the proclamations to the citizens are printed off, and it is loudly as- werted by gentlemen whose means of correct infor- mation such a subject are, I confess, not obvi- ous, that Lord bind has his ultimatum in a carefully translated into choice Mandarin Chinese. Why, then, does he not go up and send in his sum- and open the ball? ra house; the French Plenipotentiary is at the Rassian Plenipotentiary, Count ; and Lord Elgin has just in a gunboat lomatic compeers. , careful not to monster Minnesota, doing penance probably for his country- men’s wickedness in dows that Chinese It is rather fortunate, , that the inten- of the Minnesota are so placable, and that, be this city of Victoria. Great pn which IIs not to exercise 1s imposing, but power which the r cannot exercise savours rather of the ridiculous, and I am afraid the Minnesota in the China seas is suggestive of the lat- ter sentiment. It is a pity that Mr. Reed has not more appropriate vessels and a more chivalrous part to play; for the few who have been brought into con- tact with him here speak of him as an able anda courteous gentleman. Count Putiatin’s appearance has, I apprehend, no beyond that of paying his respects to Lord His account of his treatment at the Peiho entirely from that given by the Chinese. He makes no secret of saying that he is dissatisfied with the reception accorded to him by the authorities at the port of Pekin. Probably the fact is, as | conjec- tured at the time, that the Chinese report was dic tated by Chinese policy; but it may be just possible that the Count's unreserved expressions of discontent aor be quite so frank as they appear. However, he is here only in his little steamer, and can have no immediate part in the measures about to be taken. It happens quite naturally that all men are ex hausting themselves in speculations as to what the terms of Lord Elgin’s demand upon Yeh will be. Yon will probably become acquainted with this doca- ment long before we shall, but 1 feel very little interest about the matter. We all know whiat the general character of the paper must be jast as well as Lord Elgin can. It must demand compensation for all damage done. It must demand a revision of the broken treaties. It must demand immediate entrance into the city, and it must demand either the surrender of the city or of the forts that com- mand it, as @ material guarantee, until the compen- sation is paid and the treaty settled. Whatever this demand may be, it has necessarily been communicated to, and concerted with, the French plenipotentiary. He also has this demand to make. The policy of France is altered since the days when one of the missionaries sneeringly de- scribed it as “ Protection de nos missionaires nation- aur, honneur du pavillon, sureté des equipages; mais pas un coup de canon.” Baron Gros has to demand patiafaction for the life of a French subject who was most barbarously murdered by persons in actual offi- cial authority—satisfaction which has been for two years constantly denied to a continued series of de- mands unbacked by force. He will probably think himself entitled to demand some security against a recurrence of such oxtrages. So that, in the end, oar requisitions upon the Chinese government will bly not be far from identical. That by force or by capitalation we shall have vessession of Can- ton before this year is closed I have no moral doubt. It will be time then to speculate upon ulterior pro- Whenever we strive to obtain sufficient specific facts whereby to map a line action, we are brought up by the hamiliating nviction that our rance of China is a darkness that may be felt. en of that great conglomerate of cities on the Yangtee we know little more than that it is the com mercial emporium of central China, and that its ulation is variously estimated at from five toeight millions of souls. We know that it exists, and that is nearly all we know. No one has been there ex cept native Chinamen and Jesuit missionaries. ‘There are some scattered notices of it in the“ An- nales de la Propagation de la Foi,” (tom. xvii.) aud Hue has made mention of it in his journey from ‘Tartary to Canton. The elder missionary was roused to enthusiasm by the immensity of the numbers of nap oecb converts. For five leagues he saw nothing along the shores but the closely packed ha bitations of man. News from Japan, THE AMERICAN RAILWAY AND TeLBaRArH. The Emperor of pm, says a letter from that country in the Paris Pays, has by « decree of the Q6th of October last, appointed Prince Hayash) High Imperial Commissioner of the three ports of Naga saki, Simoda, and Hakodadi, In that capacity the management of relations with foreiguers w fided to him, and for his g caused to be drawn up a véries of rerul the formalities to be observed by fo: want to take up their residence in the » opened to them, the manner in which the arry on trade, and the privileges their co to enjoy | NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, JANUARY 31, 1858. Russia. Raspesting the recent measures for the emanci, tion of the serfs, a letter from St, Petersburg, in the Indépendance Belge, says:— Few people are aware of the local difficulties at- tending the carrying out of these measures. To take one example; how are the interests to be protected of landed proprietors in the provihces, not strictly agricultural, where the peasants neglect til for oe sot pean as on As else Dit in olga, where ts to the ie an anna rent in money? bey evident tl the ean cipation will expose these tors to 1088 of three-fourths of their jeeadig gate that this measure will be in general burdensome to the nobility. It cannot be concealed that the enfran- chisement of the cultivators of the land in an empire like Russia, is a complete social re- vojution; it is the birth of new public rights, new inte: roe andnew pelniicae LegglabecRene pel f: a is sae education imposed upon the say im) advisedly,as the masses will with difficulty compre- hend the limits of the rights they have received and the duties attached to them. For with a great number liberty in their notions means having no- thing to -—neither rent nor tithes to the pro- prietor of the land; but as tillers of the soil they will not be made to comprehend that the earth Lg have cultivated up to the present time is to nourts! them no longer, and for this reason a small allot- ment has. by the proposed laws been left to each it. It must be admitted that hitherto these important reforms have not created so much interest among the general public as would be imagined. The pea- sants themselves speak of them with extreme re- serve, but it would be a great mistake to suppose them indifferent. Many a one of these bearded fel- lows Sony call moujiks has in the wine shops read and commented on the official documents published in the journals. The Message of President Buchanan in the American Congress and the Question of Central America. {Translated from Le Courrier de Paris, Jan. 6, for the New York Hxnaip.} Some days ago we examined one of the principal points in the message of Mr. Buchanan—that which refers to the situation of the banks. in the United States. , Amongst the other questions which deserve a particular attention, we shall point out the para- graphs concerning Central America and the Clayton- Bulwer treaty—two questions inseparable, and in- volving one and the same interest. Already the: greatly stirred up the United States, and are stil threatening to assume, as regards England, the pro- rtions of a serious conflict, which diplomacy, we Fr , will succeed in smoothing down. ¢ question is no longer that of a matter of local interest or of a single quarrel about a sinall patch of rritory of the vast American continent; the qued- tion is one of a general interest, wherein all the Powers of the globe are engaged. Central America has at once assumed a prominent part in the destinies of the New World and in the relations of the latter with the Old Continent —a fact of immense influence on the developement of mankind, and whose material importance. had been but ian eran eninge at the beginning. The discovery of gold in California deeply modi- fied the social relations and commercial customs of the whole world. Those sources abounding in mineral riches, al-people have been called upon to draw from, and which in an industrial and economi- cal point they have wo by, awakened ambi- tions, desires and tical pretentions it was im- oe not to regulate and to contine in the equi- ble bounds of international law. The communica- tions between the Atlantic and the Pacific, between San Francisco and any one of our European ports, were slow and dangerous by the circumnavigation of Cape Horn; they were, and will probably still be, for a long time, impracticable by the land route across the United States. We are living at a period when, more than at any former one, it 4 necessary to spare time, to find out or to create short and rapid roads for the rela- = between peoples, and for the developement of things. In the meantime, whilst waiting for the opening of the Isthmus of Panama for the establishment of a communication between the two great oceans, and without yeaeteing Re realisation of that gigantic work, it has been thought of joining the Pacific with the Atlantic by means of the small tract of a which forms Central America. The first sentiment that had been awakened by this conan was that pb TS everybody to the profit of this con- a refore, the question was that of insuring the neutrality of the terri traversed by the new routes of communication. This principle was a wise one and conformable to the habite of civilized na- tions. Two t interests were at that moment face to face—the interest of England and that of the United States. Therefore, serious complications must ne- cessarily arise. The Central American republics had neither the strength nor the means to make their neutrality pe- spected, #0 much the less because they were them- selves the object coveted by the two great Powers which were in the conflict. land was ly in of the port of San Juan de Ni . which she had sei in the name of the King of Mosquito«an imaginary king- dom (so to say) placed for two centuries under the rotection of Great Britain, which also, since 1786, occupied in virtue of a re of cession on the Pp of Spain, the port of Belize, the centre of commerce in dye-woods, and ny is very abundant in those countries. Lastly, in 183%, the English took possession of the Bay Islands, which formed @ portion of the ner province of Hon- duras at the time of the Spanish rule. Those posses- sions were prectous to England, on account of giving her a kind of domination over, or at least a marked influence on, Central America. The views of the United States with regard to Central America extended very far; their influence began with a question of commercial and industrial interest, which must mag ome A come to a political influence, or, to speak frankly, an absorption of those Territories by their great confederation. This is, besides, pretty generally the procedure of the North Americans; their policy, which has been accused of being brutal, is rather crafty, and their way of proceeding is well calculated for making themselves at first usefal in their character as dis interested colonists; and they know how, at the pro- per moment, to avail themselves of the services rendered and the progress realized by them, as well asof the moral and material prosperity —which is their real or factitious work—for definitively im posing their rule. Central America was a temptation for exercising that doctrine of aggrandizement put forth in princi ple by Jefferson, afterwards extolled by Monroe, and from that time forward p ically realized with persevering energy by the different presidents of the ‘nion. Before the discovery of the California mines, before the opening of the passage across the Isthmus for passengers and merchandise from all points of the globe, the United States had coveted the acquisition of Central America as an admirable strategical point for the moral and political conquest of South America, and for encircling Mexico, which would be reduced sooner or later to give way before ite adversary. Central America is the barrier for arresting the encroachments of the North Ameri- cans upon the South. By occupying this magnificent geographical position, they would feel strong enough for the execution of their future oe age The ion of Central America, composed of five republics, anable,as we observed, to defend themselves and to make their independence respect ed, and a neutrality in which the whole world has an interest, was exposed to the covetousness both of England and the United States—both nations mis- trusting each other—the latter fearing the snares of a crafty policy immutable in its aims, the first fore seeing some of those daring moves the North Ame- ricans are not sparing of. It was then when it was thought of interposing a treaty destined to assure and to strengthen the in dependence and neutrality of the territory of Cen- tral: America; and in 1860 was signed na tional act known under the title of the Clayton-Bul- wer treaty, in consideration of the two diplomatists charged with its drawing up—the first representing the United States, the second Hacland. This treaty is entirely eummed up in its first arti cle, by which the contracting parties are forbidden from possessing, fortifying or colonizing any p: the territory of Central America or from exercising any act of sovereignty whatever there. This treaty isone of the master pieces of English diplomacy, chiefly in that sense that with an admi rable skill it eluded the subject which served as’ the basis of ite drawing ap. In fact, Eagland availed herself of the very act she had signed, and wherein no retro-action had been by apse for keeping the supied by her in Central America, and nglish government issued orders for + the Bag Islapda. This measure, which has been considered in the United States as a violation, and in England as a natural interpretation of the Clayton-Balwer treaty, caused considerable irritation on the other side of the Atlantic. After volumes of diplomatic notes being exchanged, the two governments were, in 55, on the point of solving the difficulties by an ial mpture. Tt waa at that epoch that the repablic of Honda ras interfered as an interested party, and that its ey tative, Mr. Victor Herran, signed on the bappi | contributes to the tranquillity | necessary to the peace of 27th of A , 1856, in London, a treaty directly with Great Britgin’ sentonsten by the press under the title of the Clarendon Herran treat ls Later, this treaty was replaced b another, to which it’ served a¢ a basis, and wi is known as the Clarendon-Dallas treaty, which has not been ratified by the American Congress. For what reason? We believe we can answer, and we think that there lies the difficulty of the matter. In the negotiations into which the representative of Hondaras at London was charged to enter, he, in accordance with the Chief Secretary of the For Office, Lord Clarendon, took as his starting it the Clayton-Bulwer treaty, and particularly ne upon the possession of the Bay Islands, demand and obtained the restitution of the said islands to the republic of Honduras, not as an integral part of the territory of the yay which nckoaniedend ite own insufficiency to defend it, but as a neutral terri- tory placed under its patro1 , with an independent municipal, civil and judicial administration. Eng- land, as well as the United States, and all the great continental powers called upon to sanction the trea- Wy only engaged to respect and ‘‘make respected” e neutrality of those territories. Here, we Tepees it, lies the difficulty of the ques- tion. This stipulation introduced in the Clarendon- Dallas treaty, concluded some weeks later, was the reason of its being rejected by the Senate of the United States. Was there then on the of the American Con- gress any mental reservation? It is easy to sup} it; and ‘thie refusal to sanction a treaty which eceed the United States elle to Pe owes but to “make remeron the integrality and neutralit; of the Central American Territories, authorized, it may be said in a very natural way the lawless enter- prises of Walker and his accomplices. _ To-day, Central America, once delivered, is again invaded by a band of filibusters, and the Clayton- Bulwer treaty, which is still subsisting in its full strength, is according to the one violated—accord- ing to the other wrongly interpreted; and is conse- quently put aside like a dead letter. ‘ Under these circumstances Central America is i en to all &inds of covetousness and aggres- ns, the of which was the object of the treaty of 1850. The explanations of President Bu- chanan in his message, certainly very courteous, and more or less frank, suggest the idea that the Chief Magistrate of the United States found himself very much embarrassed in putting forward the question clearly and resolutely. We have not the doubt that his official con- demnation of the expeditions of the filibusters is in good faith; but there is visible throughout this whole part of his message a certain bitterness of tone, and artifices are resorted to which skpw a com- pine insufficiency in the government to resist the force of public opinion. Mr. Buchanan certainly de- clares that he condemns the filibusters, but does not answer for the efficiency of his measures to prevent private armements or the clandestine sending forth of arms and soldiers. As to the chief point, Mr. Buchanan is right. The American constitution in his hand, he can only con- demn fn advance, and disavow afterwards, any such lawless enterprise. But his rights and constitutional wers do not extend farther. This is not the time for examining whether this be an evil or a good. We are here face to face not with a question of princi- ple, but with # question of fact, and we confine our- selves to stating it. As things now are it seems to us urgerit to place the question on another ground and to enlarge it. The cealiy concerning Central America must not be left to be settled only between England and the United States. The -Clayton-Bulwer treaty is henceforth an imperfect safeguard for the interests of the com- mercial world on that strategical point, exposed as it is to the lawless aggressions of filibusterism. France, Russia, the Netherlands, Austria, Spain, as well as Great Britain and the United States, have to-day a direct interest in settling the question of Central America on the basis of a strict and full neutrality, as a road from one ocean to the other. We are well aware that the United States will in- voke against this general intervention the doctrii of Jefferson and Monroe, which rejects the interfe- rence of Europe with the affairs of America; but a we be allowed to declare that the principles of politics and diplomacy, like all other things in the world, have progressed; and we shall not do wrong to the illustrious Jefferson by affirming that to-day, after so many new facts accomplished, he would have been amongst the first to recognize that the policy of the United States cannot remain immove- able without danger of becoming sterile. ming of the ish, acen Isabel- vpn "Eee specs The following is the speech delivered by the Queen ped Spain at the opening of the Cortes on the 10th inst. : ‘Senators and Deputies—I fee) the more pleasure in pre- aiding here to day on this solemn occasion because I am able to late you and myself on the additional blos- sing which God has vouchsafed to our prayers aud those ‘of the nation at large. The birth of a Prince of the Astu- Tias, while it is an additional guarantee for the stability of the throne, dispels even the shadow of vain illusions, and marke @ new era of repose and prosperity for the king- doms by opening an immense field for the most fi ing hopes. My son will find in his heart love for ti - ples bis name will point out to him the glorious path lowed by his ancestors, and my counsels will incul- cate in his mind the most inviolable et for the ily assurances of the it which they iness of my family, and tp all that Spain—a tranquility «0 Weeial manner tbe nigual marks of pater. tice in & Most especial manner the signal marks of pater- nal kindness which I have sseavel ive the sovereign Pontiff, who, in acquiescence with my wishes, has design. ed to stan: godfather to the new born prince, and has de his Nuncio here to represent him in that capacity. take in the us we have seen symbolized over the mal font two sentiments which are deeply engraven in the hearts of the Spanish people—love of the religion professed by their ancestors, and devotion to their kings. Animate’ ‘by there sentinents, the nation will cortainly learn with the utmost pleasure that his Holicoas has shown himself disposed to come to an understanding with us on the aub- Joct of a guarantee for the sales of church property which have been lately effected, and to assure the per petual possession of that property to the persons who have rebased it, that « just com- pensation will be made for the losses ocsasioned to the church by these sales. My government will propose to you a bill for carrying out this important object, and also al] necessary measures for immediately restoring to the church the estates of which it possemed the ownership and the administration, conformably to the laws which have always been in force in this kingdom, ‘and to the conditions «pecially stipulated in the last con. cordat My relations with foreign governments continue to be friendly. The only thing to be deplored ia that the republic of Mexico, forgetting the ancient ties which ex isted between the two countries and their common ater esta, has hitherto refused to give satisfaction to the just demands of my government. My august allies, the Em- peror of the French and the Queen of England, moved by noble sentiments, have offered me their mediation, which T hawe willingly accepted , bony} to give a new proof of the spirit of conciliation with which | am animated. You may, however, be quite sure that, under all circumstances, the honor and repntation of the Spanish people will be preserved intact. I have the satisfaction of aanouncing to you that the State of my Transatlantic provinces i« as flouriehing ae posaible, that they prosper under the protection of my government, and that the improvements recently intro: duced into their administrative rigime have materially contributed to the increase of their wealth and happiness The necessity of protecting these remote provinces would alone suffice to recommend the navy to your special atten- tion, even if reasons still more cogent did not exixt in re- gard to a country girt on all sides by the sea, and having possessions of the highest importance in ell’ parte of the globe. Accordingly, the nation sees with satisfac tion the gradual augmentation of our royal navy for the defence and protection of our merchant shipping, which is algo increasing with marvellous rapidity ;and you wifl give a favorable reception to the bills which will presented to you for the purpose of furthering the interests of euch an important department o the State. The army, by ite loyalty and discipline, daily acquires new claims to mv royal favor, and Tam quite confident that it will ever show itself faithful to ite glorious traditions. The armed force destined especially for the protection of property and persons admirably fulfils ite duties, and ro- ceives ite bet reward in my royal gratitude and the bles sings of my people. The tranquillity which, thanks to the salutary induetice of the laws, prevails throughout the length and breadth of the kingdom, has allowed us to raise the state of slege in almost all the provinces, and to re establish the administration in ite normaletate. Ihave ame time been able to give full scope to the feel my heart by granting an amnesty on a large basis, ing other measures of @ nature to carry con solation reat many families. I am also happy in being able to announce to you that the appearance of the crops this year i¢ admirable, ana promises an abundant harvest. On the other hand, the monetary crisis, whioh agitated foreign countries, bas disappeared without caus ing any perturbation in our commerce, and the nation has steadily used those means of ‘credit the exag gerated employment ot which elsewhere bas com promised immense interests. Public works are being actively carried on for the purpose of completing, with fixed resources, a general plan which will satisfy the most urgent requirements of the people. Important measures will be proposed to you on this subject. Propositions will also be laid before you to ¢ proportions in which the State and the pro- recpectively to contribute for the construction —that object ao essential to the developement ‘blic wealth, You will aleo have to exunine jestined to endow territorial property with in stitutions of credit, and to regulate the circulation of com- mercial bills, AR account ehall be given to you of the rin which my government has mae tise of the you granted it of drawing ap a law op struction. In proved by the Corte principles which dictated it, a bill will be sabmitt ‘ou for enacting that the senatorial dignity shall be transtyitted hereditaril. io the great families ow When once that have been solved, the kingdom question shall it will only remain for us to turn our attention to the organic laws which are, so to epeak, the completion of the constitution of a commission nominated some time Profiting by the labors back, my govern. with ape. ve Wills, you w ndeavored to « {UUs deliberation; coe, an elentorel measure, of which the importance ig almost tution itself, as regards tho — under which we live. In this have been taken to of yaad to prevent any tga infuance oro 80 much to be desired that the It of the elections shall be the faithful expression of the will of the The law on the liberty of the press, approved by y: Sissly reeponded ts the chfeas etek tort letely respon: object wi Phave thoygbt right 10 make some. raodifcations int, wi@ permitting the exercise of the constitu: ple. , while leaving the movements of the government as free as is necessary for ite own responsibility, establishes .a certain order in public careers. A law promulgated some fime boi de- creed the sale of all Agenhy possessed by establish: ments of charity and of public instruction, and of that which served for the special use of towns. The oxecu- tion of the law was, however, suspended, from the fear that it would prove injurious, However, as it is necessary to do away with all uncertainty on the subject, and to ag; sure the existence and future prosperity of such estab- lishments, my government will present to you a Dill which, while protecting such important interesis, will not be opposed to the great economic principles which secure the property and sugment the wealth of nations. Con- vinced of the inconveniences occasioned by annual de- mands of extraordi credits to make up the con- stant deficits in the budget of tho Stato, have charged my Ministers to propose to you the means of preventing them. They will present to you various bills at the same time as the budget of the present year. I desire also that fin the present session you may, if possible, discuss the budgot of 1859, so as to avoid the inconveniences which are caused by com- mencing the year without having the expenses aad re- ceipts voted in advance, The improvements which have been made in the administration of the finances of this kingdom, since | took in hand the reins of government, are ag satisfactory as they are remarkable; and if you unite your efforts to those of my government, it is not doubtful that, with perseverance, we shall succeed in raising our nation to the degree of prosperity which it merits for so many reasons. Such, rs and deputies, are the prin- cipal measures which will be submitted to your examina. tiop, and I have the fullest confidence that you will pro- perly discharge the important task plier to you. In this way, and with the assistance of Divine Providence, we shall contribute to promote the happiness of the na- tion, to consolidate more and more the authority of gue ‘stitutions, and to augment the splendor of the rone. ‘The Hadson s Gay Company. {From the London Chronicle, Jan. 15.) As this question must soon be decided by the House of Commons, it would be well that the coun- try should know the great agitation in Canada on the subject, which can be best seen from the ad- dresses of the parliamentary candidates—all, whether nfinisterial or opposition, agreeing in the total, and nothing but the total, repeal of that unjust and ille- al monopoly which has prevented the rich prairi lands of British America being cultivated, the fisheries being prosecuted in Hudson's Bay and oa the Pacific, and The minerals being worked; and all this for the sake of a few Uifheotne! interested in the tur trad Compare the territory under the company with the neighboring lands free under British rule in Canada or under the government of the United States, agd the wonder is that the monopoly has been allowed to exist so long. We hope that Payiament and the gov- ernment i away with it, and open all the British possessions in North Ameri to free trade and free settlement, giving the inhabitants the privileges ef British oe ene The report of the committee of the House of Commons has given great dissatisfaction in the colonies, who demand the total freedom of all the regions north of the States. Pamphlets have been published by the Financial Reform Association, of Liverpool, by Messrs. Algar & Street, of London, and others, which onght to be in the hands of the members of both houses. The company, ignoring the fact of rail and steam in the Canadas, caused the War Office this season to send the Rifles from Toronto by the Red river, a round of 3,000 miles, taking from 100 to 110 days, which the Grand Trunk Red River Company, or steam shipowners on the lakes, would have con- tracted to have done in from eighteen to twenty-five days. The company fast season attempted to get all the good harbors on Lake Superior, five miles long by two wide, for one farthing per acre, which, if carried out, would have shut the Canadians and people from entering the rich prairies of ‘the Red river, thus giving all the trade to the Americans. A foolish idea Pen that the company are the best friends of the poor Indian; but facts disprove this, as the company give the Indians mere baubles and trifles in exchange for the most valuable furs, for which by free trade and opposition they would get a fair value. Since the Americans began to trade at the Red river full prices are given, but in the northern dis- tricts, where there is no opposition, furs bringing at the company’s sales from £4 to £20, are bouts for a pair of knives, a shirt, or other trifles worth 2s. or 3s. Petitions to both houses of Parliament should be sent from the great cities of the empire and Chambers of Commerce, as in 1749, when com- pany only claimed the barren regions round Hud- son's Bay. The whaling interests of Hull, Aberdeen, and Peterhead, should be up and stirring to have the fisheries of Hudson's Bay and Straits, unfished for the last eighty years, opened. We may recur to this again, but hope that both houses of Parliament will | pn We with a monopoly so injurious to the public good. Prostitution in London. AGITATION AGAINST THE UNFORTUNATES—OCCASION- AL MUNICIPAL CRUSADES INJURIOUS—cuRIOVS | STATISTIOS—LICENSING THE HOUSES ADVOCATED, {From the Londen Globe, Jan, 16.) Rheaig bn A afternoon an influential meeting of gen- tlemen, including several clergymen connected with West End parishes, was held at the rooms of the Rociety for the Suppression of Vice, Lincoln's Inn- fields, for the purpose of considering and bringing under the notice of the government the steps that shonld be taken to suppress the open exhibition of street prostitution in various parts of the metropolis. Mr. Braumowr was called to the chair, and ob- served that he was glad to see so general an interest a oI and instructed for that purpose, of the provisions of the | tain satisfaction from the writer. This mode is al- 2d and 34 of Victoria, cap. 47, in reference 10 street pros- | together in conformity to the ‘mereantile spirit of titution, which provigions have in certain localities the age. He has not ordered his menials to give the pigertre carried out with the best effect, and in others newspaper man a beat as a grand seigneur might nve been ineffectual only because aeted upon partially, | have done before oa beth not defied him to mor- and not vpon avy uniform system. And, secondly, for passing an act for licensing and piscine under proper regulations as to aupervision and irs of closing all houses of entertainment, or for the supply of refreshments, intended to be opened to the public after a sertain fixed hour, it being matter of public Botoriety that the houses of this description, popularly known as night-houses, have, by becoming the places of resort of crowds of prostitutes, and other idle and dis- orderly persons at all hours of the night, greatly con- tributed to the present divgraceful exhibition of street prostitution. Professor Marks moved— ‘That the attention of the government be also directed to the number of foreign prostitutes systematically im. ported into this country, and to the means of controlling this evil. Sir J. Harrow seconded the motion. Mr. Horace Green considered it due to the asso- ciation to clear up the misapprehension of their sen- timenta which had arisen from a misreport of his remarks at the last meeting. He would now state his impression at some — , and trusted the press would give as great publicity to the amended ver- sion as they had done to an erroneous one. He begged to remind the meeting that a change had al- roady been effected through the action of the police in the aspect of the Haymarket and Regent street, heretofore so much complained of. The sense that the public eye was upon their class, had caused a corresponding amendment in the dress and demean- or of the females frequenting those streets; and the objects of thia association were. so far, in good train. Strongly oppressive, or, a8 some delicately said, re- pressive, measures could only be carried out by an extent of police interference inconsistent with the prejudices of English people, who were in- disposed to deny a large extent of personal freedom to persons of even the most disorder!, classes who had not absolutely forfeited their civil rights. If the association went the length of advocating that the act of prostitution should involve such forfeitare, and the entire riddance of London streets from the presence of prostitutes, they would soon find their handsover full. Unless len thought. it possible to exterminate the vice altogether, they would find that its wholesale clearance from the streets would necessitate registration, licensing and confinement in certain authorized quarters or streets, as prevailed abroad; but such restrictions would entail a more ample recognition and legalization than had hitherto obtained, and so ample in- deed as to be very distasteful to what was called the religious public. It had been objected to him that the public liberty of the young and virtuous should not be sacrificed to that of the vicious. It was said to be shameful that youths should be in eril of temptation and virtuous women shocked by The parade of immorality, to maintain the personal freedom of a limited number of street walkers. But. how, he would ask, was the diagnosis between vir- tue and immorality to be effected? It would be ob- viously unjust to exempt from pressure the lady-like prosperous harlot, while a miserable, vulgar, painted outcast was consignable, because she stood out from the pase somewhat broadly, to the police cell and the bridewell. It must not be forgotten that, in con- sidering sweeping measures, the coat of such agency would be alarming. What was done for the mor ty and comfort of St. James’s, must not be denied to Whitechapel and St. Giles’s. The ratepaying in- terest of London, who were taking up the cry for street purgation rather inconsiderately, wou! be no parties to a general rate for such an item of local management. The meeting must be aware that there was siready abroad among the lower half million of Londoners an impression that the police was already strict enough—and that this opinion was shared by numbers of intelligent men, neither paupers nor criminals. They must remember that many tleman of character had a night ina police cell for interfering in the defence of prostitutes against the police. And this sentiment would deepen very dangerously if the police re were put on double, or, as some would have it, tenfold. The very policemen, too—men sprung from the same class of society as those female offenders—were as likely as any one else to be fainthearted in the work of re- lieving the eyes and ears of gentility from the pre- sence of those whose situation they were not slow to trace to the schemes and desires of the genteel class. He did not think that the power of discrimination could be safely entrusted to the ill paid constables of the metropolitan police, and the association of certain ratepayers with the police as witnesses, as hinted at by one of the delegates, would soon, if es- tablished, fall into disnetnde. With the view of checking the evil ina satisfactory manner, he would recommend the institution of a special service of strict orderlies or regulators in uniform, a well paid, superior, temperate, and discreet class of men, if possible, whose functions should be to observe, not toxpy, upon all ‘prostitutes, especially those of the street — order, and whose circulation, as op- pssed to loitering and haunting cular spots, they should insist upon. They should work, not by threats, bat by entreaty, advice, sa; ion; but in case ot contumacy, should have the nght to call in the regufar force. The calling of the foreign women in Regent street would soon fail if a certain number of these officers were sprinkled ope boy If they changed their scene of operations wit t change of system, they should be similarly harrassed, for the rects were as free to the police as to the public; but the chances were that both women-furmers and their victims would soon find out their own interests in complying with the demands of society, and enlarge the radius of their beats from yards to miles, As | tegarded the blockade of the Haymarket, that street being in the vicinity of theatres, and such obstrue- tions in such streets being provided for by the 52d clause of the Police act, thought it ought to be cleared by the police for a short time at the time of closing the theatres, and be treated as an avenue or —— to those theatres. He believed that the ight of entry and inspection of all places of ill fame should be vested in the Home Se ty and his dele- ites, and this would be attai least oppresively @ proper system of licensing. Forced concentra- tion would not be tolerated here; but concentration was valuable, as bringing immorality more under control. Parochial crusades, ve prima facie a public blessing, had often the effect of spreading corruption. {t was recollected at Cambridge that when a certain proctor made very frequent de- scents upon the hamlet of Barnwall, where much of elicited on this subject, and that he hoy it would lead to some practical result. It would, in fact, be impossible to wate the evil, for neither in Paris, Rerlin, New York, nor even in the cities of Asia, was there sucha public exhibition of profligacy. (Hear) There was a plausible fallacy connected with this subject to the effect that, if the unfortunate women who infested the streets were driven from one locality they would go to another. But, even if this were true, it would be some: thing to dilute the evil, and enable re- spectable women to pass along thorough- fares like the Haymarket without being exposed to insult. It was not, however, the fact that if vice were removed from one neighborhood it would ne. cessarily exist in another. It was true the evil would continue to exist, but not in the «ame degree; neither would there be that open and public exhibition of profligacy which offered such a temptation to the unwary. (Hear, hear.) He believed that Sir re Grey and Sir Richard Mayne would do much if an practical suggestions were made to them to deal with the supper rooms, segar shops, and night houses, which were the great feeders of strect prostitution. (Hear, hear.) Mr. Crane, one of the church wardens of St James’, Piccadilly, said that in his opinion no per: manent cure of evil could be effected until the law were 80 a that it could be carried into effect without difficulty. (Hear, hear.) In prosecutions against the keepers of brothels, for instance, the difficulty of-obtaining the class of evidence necessary to secure a conviction was so great that many offend ers were enabled to escape the penalties of the | He thought it would be also weil to strentéen hands of the police by enablling them to control night houses. Mr. Acton (late surgeon to the Islington Dis- pensary and Fellow of the Royal Medical Society) said, that in his opinion the subject under discussion was one worth islating for. As a surgeon, he had investigated the subject not only in London but in Paris and other continental capitals, and he could speak with some authority as to the statistics of rostitution, and the manner in which the women became, as it were, absorbed in the population by whom they were surrounded. From calculations based upon the census tables, it had come out that of all the unmarried women of full age in the country one in every 13 or 14 were immoral. This might appear a startling announcement, but the calcula tion had been made upon returns, the truth of which had not been questioned. It was a popular error | to suppose that these women died young and made | theirexits from life in hospitals and workhouses. The fact was not so. Women of that clase were all picked lives, and dissipation did not usally kill | them. They led a life off prostitution for two, three | or four years, and then either married or got into | some service or employment, and gradually became | amalgamated with society. It was estimated that | in this manner about 25 per cent of the whole num ber amalgamated each year with the population. | cton concluded by moving: deputation do wait az early as possible upon | Sir ‘g¢ Grey, for the purpose of most respectfully but earnestly representing to her Majesty's government the necessity of effectual meastres being taken to put down the open exhibition of street prostitution, which in various parts of the metropolis, particularly in the important thoroughfares of the Haymarket, Coventry street, Regent street, Portland place, and other adjrcent jocalities, is car ried on with a srogard of public decency ard to an ex tent tolerated in no other capital or city of the sivikized world Mr. STEVENS moved the second resolution That ecth deputation be instructed to urge upon her Majesty's government the following measures, whereby it is believed that the evil complained of may be effecta ally controlled :— Firetiy, the enforcement, npon a systematic plan and by means of a department of thy police specially appointed the parasitical vices of that university hud taken root, the people in question, far from cure or con- version, merely extended their radius into more ru- ral villages. were so}soon corrupted that representations were addressed tofthe University by the parochial clergy, praying that the plague of Barnwall should be confined to its old bounds, and not let loose upon their simpler parishes. It was no- torious that the same ki of thing followed on a very large scale the expulsion of prostitutes from Brussels, and it could not be sup; that the at tempt to ae ow the growth of immorality by broad- casting its , which was fouud impracticable un- der the powerful discipline of the English Universit and the Belgian capital, could answer among this enormous, and when roused, unmanageable popula- tion. The evicted of Noron street, in the parish of All Souls, had settled quietly down in the next pa rish. Incompressible as gwater, the Qvice had but shifted its ground, and from a really moral point of view, more hat good had accrued from the change. (Hear* ) ‘The Rey. Mr. Kem said it was very satisfactory to learn that the evil was already somewhat abated in the neighborhood of the Haymarket—a fact which he attributed in a great measure tothe closing of the Argyl! Rooms. Foreign Theatrical Intell 5 Our London correspondent (Jan. 15) «aye:—Mer. and Mrs. Barney Williams open at the Adelphi in about g week, where Madame Celeste is ever an at- tractiv® star. Mr. James Anderson, to the general re t of his admirers—and their name islegion—leaves for New York on the 13th of next month. Mr. Al- bert Smith has now given his entertainment of Mont Blane 1,800 times; 58 representations more and he will reach the figures that denote the date of the year. Thia amounta to an unparalleled success. Madame (assier is the prima donna at Rome. Jul lien and Willert Beale are, with Madame Grisi, in the rovinces. Great has been the disappointment at the jast two Exeter Hall oratorios, owing to the non-ap- pearance of our popular tenor, Mr. Sims Reeves, who has been suffering from a severe attack of influ- enza. The Fynegna larrison opera troupe are car rying all before tl in the provinces, with Bualfe’s “ of Castille,” and the publishers, Mesers, Cra mer, Beale & ghapeetl, have already realized an in gotof gold. Mr. J. H. Wilton announees a forth coming “Cosmological Entertainment,” and is gene rally looked apon as the coming man, though he has been a long time “going for to come.” A letter from Messina, Dec. 14, says that Signora Whiting Lorini had made a great succes there in a new opera called “ Marco Viscanti.” Miss Kate Saxon recently had a Christmas soirée at Lord Nelson Hall, Liverpool, and gave away £60 worth of gifts, in Lottery fashion. Miss Goddard, the tragedienne, who has heen visit- ing Australia and California during the la@ three years, presented her entire shaw: of the lust night’ Teceipts of her engagement, amounting to £105, ty trustees at Ballarat, for the purpose of founding a “ Strangers’ Home.” Shakspere’s play of the “Win ter's Tal was performed on the oc A wg writer in the Gazette de Paris, M. Ray: mond, lately recounted in his journal that during the Hn oo at the French Opera a certain well nown Duke, nota Frenchman, had been observed playing agame of choss with a friend in his box je expressed an opinion that such an unusual pro- ceeding, more especially on the part of a personage who emblazons a royal coronet on his armorial bear ings, was an insult both to the audience and the per formers, Everybody may not go quite that length, but it is certain that such sans gene js altogether con trary to French notions of politeness. The Duke in uestion, who took offence at the article, has made the matter worse by the mode he has cacsen to ob I GQG,G OG OL EEO tal combat as he would have done before 1830, bat he has brought an action inst him before the Juge de Paix, and this Duke, who is rolling in riches, and whose diamonds are celebrated all over the world, demands 10,000f. for damage done to his honor. The rehearsals of “ La Magicienne,” in the Rue Lepelletier, at present panutives coun the atten- tion of the theatre. It is stated that M. Haiévy has entirely changed the style of his music in the com- position of this opera, upon the success of which the administration place the greatest reliance. A new ballet is said to be also in tne hands of the librettist and the composer, M. Théophile Gantier for the first, and M. Reyer for the second. The latter, it will be recollected, was the composer of ‘‘ Maitre Wolfram,” which enjoyed a certain degree of popularity. Mr. Albert Smith has already given fog of his Mont Blanc exhibitions at Egyptian . The great secret of Mr. Smith’s success is in his unceas- ing attention to the comfort of his audience; in proof of which we take the following from the Trmes:— “The comfort of his patrons has always been a main consideration with Mr. Albert Smith, and he has now increased it by the addition of two new rooms. One of these is a toilette room, with every elegant accessory for ladies; the other is a waiting-room for the audience generally, supplied with writing ma- terials, newspapers, periodicals, &c. These rooms oceupy the site formerly devoted to the panorama of Gasentinons, nd are decorated with Mr. W. Be- verley’s view: me of onr managers might take a hint from Mr. Smith. nen . The opening ofthe Opera, says a correspondent at Rome, # an even@of more interest perhaps to the bulk of the Romans than the opening of the new year, Judging from the violence with which they ex- ressed their disapprobation of the first night’s per- formance, to the ot Monsignor Governor of Rome, who from his official box listened with impo- tent dismay, to the storm of hisses that arose from the indignant occupants of the pit. The mana; was protected from further demonstrations of he lity on the second represev tation by a strong body of police, but he deemed it necessary to produce Gardoni on the third evening to pacify thé public, and the performance of that admirable tenor has had an Orpheus like effect in soothing the ruftied tempers of the previously enraged audience. M. Flotow’s opera at the Italians, Paris, is on the same subject as M. St. George's ballet, brought out some years’ since at the Grand Opera, called “Lady Henriette.” The parts are confided to Ma- rio, Graziani, Zucchini, Mmes. St. Urbain and Nan- tier Didiee. The once popular vocalist, Sophie Cravelli, the resent wealthy, and let us hope happy, Baronne Vigier, is staying at Nice, and looking as handsome as ever. Frederick Flotow, the director of the Royal thea tre of Schwerin, has just finished an opera entitled “Pianella,” which he has composed to the words of Goldoni’s play, “Ta Serva Padrona.” It has been played with great success at Schwerin. jadame Ristori is about to give a series of repre- sentations in Paris, She has takenadvantage of the death of the great French tragedieune to perform the characters in which she has obtained her repu- tation, and it is said that she ix about to add to her repertoire translations of Phédre and Hermione, two of the characters which Mademoiselle Rachel made peculiarly her own. o AN American Hons BreakER BEFORE THE QUEEN or Exaiaxp.—On Wednesday morning, the Lith, at Windsor, Mr. J. 8. Rarey, from the United States of America, had the honor of exhibiting before het Ma- jesty, the Prince Consort and the royal family and suite, in the riding house, his miraculous power over the horse. Several animals were selected as subjecta of his experiments. He commenced with a wild colt, eighteen months old, belonging to the Prince Consort, which had been brought from Shaw farm, and which had never been handled except by halter, and had been chosen by Colonel the Honorable A, N. Hood for the occasion, After being alone with the animal for about an hour and a half the royal party entered, and found Mr. Rarey sitting on ite cK without holding the rein, the horse standing peony quiet. Mr. Rarey then made a few remarks in regard to his great experience in the treatment of this noble animal; a drum was afterwards handed to Mr. Rarey, which he beat with yo whilst sitting on the horse’s back without the colt exhibiting any signs of fear. The re party afterwards withdrew for a few minutes, and on their return found the ani- mal lying down and Mr. Rarey knocking its hind legs together, one of which he put against his face. Af- terwards a restive horse, selected from Mr. Ander- son’s stables, in London, which Mr. Rarey said he had before handled, was placed at one end of the riding house alone. Mr. Rarey went to the other end, and at his command the horse walked quietly up tohim. He then made the horse lie down in the resence of the Queen, when Mr. Rarey crawled be- ween his hind legs, and over him in various wa‘ M. Rarey then rolled the horse on his back. The horse was afterwards placed in various which it stood with Roy Bay his gratification and thanks. been entrusted to Major General Richard Airey, in confidence, who has that there is noth- ing in the treatment but what any horseman would approve of. The secret will be made known when a sufficient number of subscribers has been obtained. Tork New Iravtan Orera, Covent Garpen.— The new home of the Italian (pera is rapidly ap- proaching completion. The facade in Bow street seems to be almost complete, and the side walls are so nearly finished as to justify the raising of the first great girder, sixteen of which are to su the roof. girders4which are what are called lattice girders, are all of wrought iron, and weigh each somewhere about 16 tons. The workinen have commenced the erection of a scaffold of framework, composed of great beams of timber, upon which the purchase is to be erected, by means of which this enormous mass of iron is to raised to the tep of the walls, and placed in is pore position. As the span of these girders is 90 feet, an idea may easily be formed of extent of tne roof which is about tobe erected, without: any support from beneath save the boundary walls, ¢ interior semicircles of brickwork from which the severe! tiers of boxes are to spring are finished, and the workmen are now busy at the back wall, which yet wants a many feet of its proper altitude. re will be fewer tiers of boxes and fewer boxes in each tier than in the Tate theatre. The pit will be ten feet wider, the same increase being given to the stage, and, by a judicious alteration in the desigu, every one in the jouse will be oy to see the “es withoat stretching out. Ox compan: vi passed: through the vestibule, will ind poste in a very spacious “crush room,” and from thence there will be new and unusaal facilities for ingress and egress—a ost important provision, when we remember the accidents to which buildings of this kind are liable. Great improvements will be made in the scenic arrangements—amongst others the erection of an extensive painting room. feet w 40, and the abolition of the old fashioned “ flies,”” the effect of the latter innovation being to facilitate the exhibition of spectacle to an extent hitherto un- known in our theatres, Lastly, in almost eve case, the use of iron will be substitated for wood, and every other precaution taken to render the building as nearly fire-proof as possible. ‘The works, which commenced on the 29th of September last, have been carried on with great rapidity, and in their resent aspect afford are progpecs of finished ty the Ist of May, on which day Mr. Gye is bound by lus contract to open the theatre. There are ghent 300 men daily at work on the walls and roof, nd simultaneously the Messrs. Lacas’ large at Lowestoft is fully employed on the interior rtd tings, while all the ironwork is being constructed at the foundry of Messrs. Grissel. It is obvious that progress may in the same way be made with the scenery and decorations, so that as we approach the end of the work the rate of progress will exhibit what, were we not aware of the above particulars, would appear to be an almost magical acceleration, H Etorement ts ILLivors AND rts ConsmQuENcEs.— The Belleville (Illinois) Democrat has an account of an elopement in that city. One 0. B. Hardy eloped with Mra. Sarah Burnett, some time in October last, or about that time, for parts unknown, since which time neither of them has been heard from. Hardy left a wife, and, we believe, no children, residing (n this cay, and Mre. Burnett left « husband and al) ber children, three boys andagirl. An iilicit Intercourse, the husbamd now thinks, had oar. ried on between Hardy and tf wife some months before their element: though this he had not ‘bt until after the elopement. They were neighbors and and all belonged to the same church. Hardy succeeded in por- suading Burnett to sell his lot ant cabia, all the property he possessed, and though Burnett's wife obtained nearly ope-balf the proceeds of the sale, under cover of helping ‘Burnett to remove with Hardy to Texas, so joe mpm | were all the parties, that Herdy and Mrs. B. actually off under color of going down to St. Louia to engage pas- eage for both families to Texas. After this elopement, Burnett, whese habits were previously intemperate, took to incessant insobriety, and in a short time drank himself to death Last Sabbath the poor fellow's mortal remains were interred —leaving four orphan children , two of whom are perfectly dependent. The edi#or, with @ few other « bie friends, have taken thewe « , and have found homes for all of them with exception of one, Hardy and Mre, Burnett were both good chur ih members, and up to the hour of their elopement we b Teve the church had full confidence in of tl Hardy waz one of the prominen: members of the his city, ant was rather obfrusive in He * painter by trade, about fifty years of re frosted with age. We should not n but for his profession of religion re at times to preach, and may be ins fortune in that way, the better to conceal