The New York Herald Newspaper, January 25, 1858, Page 1

WHOLE NO. 7815. PRICE TWO CENTS. INTERESTING FROM EUROPE. ARRIVAL OF THE EUROPA. SEVEN DAYS LATER INTELLIGENCE NO NEWS OF THE STEAMSHIP ARTEL. THE WAR IN INDIA. DEATH OF GENERAL HAVELOCK, Taree British Regiments Defeated by the Mutineers. Rout of the Rebels by Sir Colin Campbell. WHE PROPOSED NEW GOVERNMENT FOR INDIA, PROGRESS OF THE LEVIATHAN’S LAUNCH. Death of Harshal Radetzky, of Austria; Mad. Rachel, the Tragedienne, and Redsehid Pasha, the Grand Vizier of Turkey. INTERESTING FROM SPAIN. Refusal of the Spaniards to give Satis- faction to the United States. SPANISH OPINION ON THE SALE OF CUBA. News from China, Australia, Cape of Good Hope and the West Coast of Africa, The Rate of Interest again Reduced in England. WIPROVEMENT IN COTTON AND CONSOLS, Tho Ounard steamer Europa, Capt. Leitch, which left Maverpool at haif-past two o’clock on Saturday, the 9h test, arrived at her dock at 10 o’clock yesterday morning. The news is seven days later than that brought by the America to Boston, and is both interesting and important. There is no intelligence of the steamship Ariel, of ihe Vanderbilt line, which ieft Southampton for New York on we 3) if December. The London money market continued to grow easier, aod there was still a daily influx of gold to the Bank of Mogland. Under these influences a further reduction in ‘the rate of discount, from 8 to 6 per cent, took place on tHe 7th inst. The funds were generally firm throughout the week, although some depression was caused by ths wnfavorablo news from India. The transfer books had been re-opened, and consols closed on the 8th inst. at 9475 8% for money, and 95}; a95', for account. The dis- sount houses and the joint stock banks had reduced their allowances for money to rates ranging from 3 to 5 per sent. Under the reduced rate there was a moderately full demand for accommodation at the bank, but in the d@iecount market an abundant supply was offering on lower terme. A great increase of confidence in commercial circles in Paris, is reported. Among the measures of relief a nogo- Gation is spoken of as going on between the Bank of France and the National Discount office, for the advance of 66,000,000 francs to the Paris merchants, on the security @ goods in store. Very little business was doing in bran- dies, and prices generally had a downward tendency. M. Tachmann, one of the principal bankers of Berlin, ‘bas failed, with liabilities amounting to $00,000 thalors. This banker ig the father-in-law of M’ile Wagner, the cele- Seated singer. The journals of Berlin, with much selfiah- nes, console themeelves for thie calamity which has falien on the family of their prima donna by stying that there will now be no danger of her quitting the stage. ‘The Bank of Belgium bad reduced its rate of discoun Wo 4) por cent. ‘The Bank of Prugeia bad reduced its rate of discount to ‘$45 per cent. Letéers from Turin report considerable improvement in Commerc'a! and financial affairs. The bank had lowered ta rate of discount from 10 w 8 per cent. ‘The returns of employment in the cotton mills of Man- chester show an improvement, the number of bands worting full time being largely on the increase, Trade at Lyons had began to revive, and a better de: mand had eprung ap in the silk markots of the south, Inwlligence of the deaths of several distinguished per- gona has been received by the Puropa— General Havelock died at Luckaow, on the 25th of No* vember, from dysentery, brought on by exposure and aniet7. Redachid Pasha, Grand Vizier of Turkey, is dead, after an Uiness of only threo days. His disease was apoplexy. Fieid Marshal Radetzky, of Austria, is dead. The event took place on the 6th of January—ite immediate cause doing paralysis of the lunge—afier an loess of a week. The Marshal was in his (2d year. Mé’lle Rachel, tho great tragedienne, died on the 34 Japuary, at her esiaie, in‘Cannes. Her last professional performances were those which took place in the United States. ‘Tho rather serious linees of the King of Wurtembarg la reported. The Empress Eugenie was indisposed. ‘The semi-monthiy mail from india arrived at Suez on the Ist of January. ‘The official report of the defence of Lacknow is pub. Mabed and shows that the privations endured by the heroic garrison, and particularly by the ladies, were fearful. Operations were resumed upon the steamship Leviathan on the Oth inst. with success, the veasel being moved seve- ral foot. The proceedings were continued daily up to the departure of the Ruropa, the progress cach day amounting 2% elabt or ten feet. The evening before the Europa sail- ‘ed, the ship bad only sixty-four feet more to be moved. A dill aathorizing the East India Company to raige aloan im England will de imtrodnced immediately upon the as- sembiing of Parliament. The london News says that Lord Palmerston’s forth. soming Isdia bili will transfer the direct management of Abe political affairs of India to a Cabinet Minister, who, it is anderstood, sball bo & peer, and in whom all patronage, with one exception, is to be vested. This member of the Cabine! ie to be President of a council of six, to whom sim. ply consultative functions are to be entrusted. The Fa- ropean portion of the Indian army is to be greatly aug- mented and all regulations regarding i aro to emanate from the Horse duards. ‘The same journal intimates that Lord Clanricarde is to ‘De the first Minister for India, under the new arrangement. Considerable sensation had been created in Paris by the Publication of an article in the Spectateur, in which it is fasnertd that a secret treaty has recently been negotiated detwom England aad Austria, Sem) official contradictions bad appeared in the government journals. An tditorial of the Paris Constitutionnel fof January 2, Communts pretty strongly on the re-landing of General Wake at Greytown, and inquires if the federal govern- ment vill allow the departure of more filbusters. ‘Io ‘that cue,” says the writer, “there could not be any pos: sible oxcuse, and President Buchanan himself would merit severe reproach if he had acted otherwise. ‘Whatever may occur, the honor of the repablic, as weil a ‘that © President Buchanan, Pequired What a stop shoul! be Put to thone cowardly attacks upon feeble and inviton sive Sates, Protection and satisfretion must be given to Micarqua, and justice will have to be rendered her The foternitional law boldly violated, and public morals wretcbaly outraged, demand that the adventurers and their mief be brought back before ihe courts of their Oountey, punished severely, and recoive the stigma which attach iteclf to acta of piracy and robbery. The Yaris Paye of January 1, thinks that the govern ment & Washington should avotd, by a prompt and oner- etic ation, the pylitical consequences which may result st coms future time from Walker's acts of piracy. The Moniteur intimates that the government is not likely fo stopibe “free Jabor”” myy~met, , JANUARY 25, 1858. After ap important debate in the Pied>ontese Chamber, Count Cayour’s motion for ap inquiry into the conduct of the Catholic priests at the late eb ction, was carried by a vote of 88 to 35, A Ministerial criais had occurred. M. Ratazzi, Minister of the Interier, had resigned. From Prussia we learn that a royal decree has been is. fued, prolonging the mandate of the Prince of Prussia for three months, The new commission will give the King’s brother greater freedsm of action than he has hitherto exercised, It is etated that the Circagsians attacked and massacred 1,200 of the Russian garrison of Adekow. Lisbon has been declared free from yellow fever. The official report of the ravages of the disease shows that be" tween the 9th of Septomber and the 24th of December there were 13,482 cases of fever and 4,759 deaths. ‘Shocks of earthquake continued to be experienced al- moet daily at Naples, but without any serious results. We have news from the Cape of Good Hope, dated at Table Bay on the 3¢thof November. The colony con- tinued peaceful and prosperous. The general produce market exhibited an upward tendency, and wools had again advanced in price. From the West Coast of Africa we have news dated Cape Const, 11th; Liberia, 16th, and Bathurst, 23d of De- cember. The coast was healthy. The exhibition of art manufactures and products of the republic, at Monrovia, bad passed off most satisfactorily. The Puropa arrived out at Liverpool at 11 o’clock P. M. on the 3d inst., and the screw steamer Anglo-Saxon, from Portland, reached the same port at 3 A. M. on the 7th. ‘The steamship North Star, from New York Dec. 26, ar- rived at Southampton Jan. 8, at 12 o’clock A. M. The United States frigate Powhatan was at Madeira on the 30th of December. THE WAB IN INDIA. Death of General Havelock--General Wind- ham’s Division Defeated by the Gwalior Mutineers-An English Regiment Cut to Piecea-Sir Colin Campbell Routs the Ene- my with Great Loss. The following is the steamship intelligence by the Nubia, which reached Suez, Jan. 1, 1868:— From Her Brrtannio Maseary’s Vice Consvr, SvEz, To Act- ING CONSUL GENERAL GREEN, ALEXANDRIA. General Havelock died on the 26th of November from dysentery, brought on by exposure and anxiety. On the 27th of November an affair took place near Cawn- pore between General Windham and his division and the Gwahor mutineers, in which the British troops retreated, with the total logs of the tents of the 64th, 82dand &8tb regi- ments, 3,000 in number, which were burnt by the enemy. The 64th regiment is reported pearly cut up. ‘A meeeage received by the Governor General from Si Cokn Campbell, of the 7th of December, contains an count of an action fought by him with the Gwalior cont: ent, near Cawnpore, in which the latter were totally de- feated, with the los of 16 guns, 26 carriages of different sorts, an immense quantity of ammunition, stores, grain, bullocks, and the whole of the baggage of the force. The British joes was insigniticant, one officer only being killed —Lieutenant Salmon. All the women and children, sick, &&., from Lucknow, have arrived in safety at Allahabad. The Calcutta Gazetie Extraordinary contains an interest- ing detailed account of the defence of Lacknow, being the official report of Brigadier Inglis. The privations endured by the heroic garrison, and particularly by the ladies, were fearful. Colonel Rooke, Nineteenth regiment, died at Calcutta from cholera on the 30th November, and Captain Day, of the Sixty fourth, is reported killed at Cawnpore. The following regiments have arrived at Cajcutta:—The Eighth regiment, Eighty seventh, Seventy ninth Highland. ers, Seventh bussars, Second dragoon guards, Third bat- talion rifle brigade, and a detachment of artillery. Troop ships continued to arrive rapidly at Calcutta, and among others the celebrated American built reg wd Light ning, arrived out in a passage of eighty seven days fram the Do ~3. Exchange at Calcutta, 28. 244d. (From the London Times, Jan. 8.] The mteiligence now telegraphed from India has brought ‘us, for the Grst time, the announcement of a reverse sus- tained by our troops in the open field. Hitherto, although the notorious vicissitudes of war might have induced us } calculate almost with certainty on a share of ill luck, and although the character of the contest was such as rather to strengthen such expectations than otherwise, we have nevertheless escaped anything like defeat. At Arrah afew companies fell mto an ambuscade, and suffered ac- cording|y; at Agra the garrison, after giving battle to its besiegers, retired into the fort, but, as events after- wards proved, with ail the advantages of a more decided victory; at Delhi it was long before wo could venture upon the assault, but the attempt, when made, was completely successful; at Lucknow we had to win our way inch by inch, but the way was ‘won; and im all the countless com which have oc curre< since June last, we have invariably been left mas- ters of the field. An engagement, however, is now report- ed, in which, as far as we can judge, the mutinee: ave bad the best of the fight. Asa second ment hat utterly crushed them, and all the apprehensions which the event might suggest have been thus removed, we cau speculate without anxiety on the circumstances by which the occurrence was probably 5 Thie unique and unlooked for success was achieved by the force known as the Gwalior contingent. In order to strengthen the regular native army by subsidiary sugmentations, certain native princes of India were placed under the obligation of maintaining, at their own cost, a “ contingent” of troops to & given amount. These troops were raised from the same count ae our own Sepoys, and were disciplined and ofticered in @ similar manner in all . Among other chieftains, Scindiah, the great Prince, provided his contingent on this moiel, and Gwatior, the capital of bis dominions, gave a natural denomination to the force, When the mul broke out the Gwalior contingent followed the lead, like the rest of the y boyy but circumstances prevented it from ainst us. At first Scindiah, partly ¥% menace, and partly through the mt levies, retained the troops under some and kept them from join- ing the insurgenta at Deihi or Cawnpore. Ulti- mately they broke loose from his command and marched away; but their movements have been characterized throughout by remarkable indecision, and there was certainly nothing in the character of the force which could have us to antici the success now announced. The strength of the body was consider. able. It had probably lost some men by defection before taking the field; indeed, it was said at one time that Scin- diah bad in some degree succeeded in dispersing it, but it appears to have nuinbered 4,600 or 6,000 men, ql waa formidable from the peculiar completeness of ite za. tion and equipment. It represented a little army in itself, had ite own artillery, both for field and riege operations, its own Commissariat, and ail the appliances which could Minister to military efficiency. Witie the Britieh com- manders were engaged in Oude it abstained from any decivive advance, and hovered irresolutety between various points on the Jumna, without venturing te cerry ite aid to any of its accomplices in treason. At last, in the early part of November, the bate crosped the river, and on the 16th of that month arrived within thirty-five miles of Cawnpore, where General Windham had been left in command. ‘Qn hearing of their approach that officer courageously marched out to meet them, but they hesi- tated, wavered, and finally made an abruvt retreat, re- crossing the Jumna and taking post at Calpee, a place about fitty miles from Cawnpore. In this they left by the reports of the last mail, and we have now to make out by conjecture and inference the cirenm- stances which brought them back to Cewnpore again, and enabled them not only to encounter General Wind. bam’s little army, but to get the betier of it in the battle which ensued. It deserves to be remarked, that though our troops ‘wero outnumbered—in the ratio probably of at least four to one—the disproportion was not great enough in iteelf to account for the result. In these campaigns smaller bodies of Europeans bave routed larger bodies of rebels; nor would any officer have heritated to attact & mass of muti- neers three or four times his strength. The Gwatior con- tingent is said on this occasion to have been #000 strong, and this increase of numbers over its original amount probably points to an accession of force from the junction of other bodies of revolters, The mutineers of the Dina- ore brigade had stationed themselves for some time at Handa, a town about 80 miles from Cawnpore, and withia A shorter distance of Calpee, nor ig it at ali unlikely that this force, perhaps 1,200 or 1,600 strong, had joined the troops of Gwalior, It was rumored that Nana Sahib himeelf had been pagotiating with the cootingent, as the most promising nucleus of resistance, so that the Coeperation of this sanguinary miscreant may possibly have influenced the unexpected determination of the re- volters, They appear, at any rate, to have once more cromed the Fiver and advanced upon Cawnpore, from v hich place General Windham again marched to encoun. terthem. The British commmnder is aid to have had tures of the Queen's regiments with him—the 64th, S24 fod 8th. Of these the 64th was one of the battalions wm the strength of the Bombay establishment at the commencement of the war; it been hurried round to Caleutta after taking a distinguished part in tho Persian Expedition, and hi formed, in Cy with the 78th Highlanders and detachments of the Madras Fusileer#, the force with which the first advance was made under Neill and Havelock for the ro- capture of Cawnpore and the relief of Lucknow. Tn the sueceesion of battles which eneued the A4th i earned © nobic share of glory, and ite atrongth, evou ifthe entire Compe wm er General Wincham's command, must have b i Ny canaltion and ox- Daustint The bighty 0 war one of the four tat falions comprising the Ch expedition: the Bighty eighth was the first regiment despatched from thes shores witer the intelli ' Wheel, 9 0 fret his, af it appears t wet cely aneage Ht sated in | three divicions in the monrl © Sout ened WR Pree y Complete in the field Ave At Wiis Corps And the | Righty second murs 1408 men, and adding t arrive at a titel 400 oF 600 for the sutty ‘ of something }ke 2.000 F aa; But it would “pot Prise weto find that the tatialions wore Hot eptire that the Rritiah force woe considerably vrler this emony How or why it miscarried we shall learn when iho Arrive. In war such reverses must make part of reckaming. It i¢ not a little remarkable that the rebel foron, vier a success which might well inaptre it with confidence, wel | would probably bring it an accession of etrengyh from mo- | bmoers in the vicinity, should baye wierly Jala a ow days later in making the least head us, or even in inflicting any loes on our army, a ine ber it won a victory over ; OD ‘7th of De- cember it was utterly routed, lost all ite gums, am nuni- tion, stores and baggage, and did not so much as succeed in making us pay dearly for the triumph. The British Jons, we read, ‘was insignificant, one only being killed.” Of the logs of the rebela in men we learn nothing, and this omission, coupled with the reported capture of all their cannon, re Se might eet fa belief that they fled wi showi any it at all. The event, however, i well calculated to teach us the atomalous character of the war in which we are e1 . _ Oriental troees,, it is said, may offen be expected to do preciselyt wl Sie.” Biey rin when they might tghty and Apht wbet, 5 yy run w! It when, according to the rules ne pinion they nih run, ‘They remain immoveable when they might desert with safety, and mutiny when chastisement is unavoidable. The Gwalior Contingent might have turned the scale Against us some months since at Agra, at Cawnpore, or at Lucknow, but it did nothing whatever. After Delhi was taken and Lucknow relieved, it at last ventured upon a move, hung fire once or twice, then actually won a battle, and finally got crushed to atoms in another without main- taining ita new reputation by the slightest display of ob- stinacy or valor. The conclusion ie no doubt satisfactory, but the aseurance we may confidently entertain of our unapproacbable superiority should be qualified by the re- collection that atthe last moment, and with the worst ebance porsible, some bri of fanatical traitors may suddenly take heart, raise country in their neighbor- berm and put us to the trouble and cost of an unexpected je. [From the Londen Star, Jan. 8.) * * * * * * Tt will be observed that the Gwalior force, which was by other people stated to be 5,000, was Jately reduced by the leading journal to 3,000. Bnt now that they have beaten General Windham they have suddenly grown in the leading article of yesterday, to 8,000; while Wind- ham’s force ia summarily reduced from 3,000, in the te'e- pe epee il to 2,000 in the leader. Nover since Printing equare was built bas the Britieh public been treat- ed with greater contempt—not even when the Calcutta correspondent of the same journal was made to answer a oem tie a within a fortnight of ite ivery in use of Lords, =i ppict nd is not only not relieved, but Sir Colin nas deen compelled to retreat from Gude. We will not, as we have said before, prejudge General Windham; but it must be remembered that the ‘heroism’? which he showed at the Redan was merely physical daring, and not the skill of a com ler. General Outram is an officer of precisely the kind which the French call un beau sabreur—as brave as his sword, with little more brains than its hilt. His junction with Have- lock was the signal for the first doubtful operation of the late General—the march through tho streets of Lucknow. The succese, therefore, of our arms seems to depend chiefly upon the life of ‘Sir Colin Campbell. If he is not spared, what are we to do? We have taken care of Dowb so long in our ve system, that we know not where our best men are to be found. ih or disease has taken off all the officers who have distinguished themselves, save Chamberlayne, Eyre and Greathed. It is quite im- possible that operations for the real and final suppression of the mutiny can now be even in progress towards com- — by the arrival of the hot weather—a month hence. Even if the gallant Sir Colin manages to eccape unhurt, we shall be more inclined to name two years than two months as the period that must elapse , in the fus- tian phrase of the Jost, it can be truly said that “India is at peace from Cape Comorin to the Himalayas.’’ t from Spain. MR. BUCHANAN’S MESSAGE IN MADRID—NO SATIS- FACTION FROM THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT—THE SALE OF CUBA, CONSIDERED FROM A SPANISH STAND POINT. The Espana of Madrid, in the course of a long article on President Buchanan's merssge, expresses the opinion that the Spanish government will ‘continue firm in its refusal to give satisfaction tothe United States in the affair of the E} Dorado, since no insuit bad been committed, and that it will energetically reject the insulting proposition relative to Cuba.” (From the Espana of Madrid, Dec. 17.) If even small attention is paid to the tenor of the let- ters from the United States inserted in our number of Friday last, and if besides, certain declarations set forth in these latter times by the New York Hxnaxp, referring ‘the question of Cuba, are called to mind, it will be ac- knowledged that before long the latter may become the cause of serious complications between the above named republic and Spain, against which we must henceforth be formally prepared. For a time it seemed as if the idea of —— ‘the limite of the American Union by the annex ation the gem of the Antilles had been given up. The severe lesson received by those who partook of the expedition of 1861, first in Las Pozas, and soon afterwards in Havana, Candelaria, and on other points of the island, was ‘calculated to keep them within bounds, since, by 1 ged al! further at- tempts of that character until the open and efficacious protection of their government, or the carelessness and negligence of ours, might offer them an opportunity for the realization of their perfidious having received a chartinement, but t being re ¥ ‘waited only for a favorable change of cir- cumstances to throw themselves into that enter- _ with the probability of comy success. There- fore, all became but a question of time. Thus, scarcely ‘was the possibility of a rapture between oar le aod Mexico expected when they began to think expe- ditions organized on a large scale, and wi were to be directed against Cuba, under the Mexican flag, which would naturally assore them full liberty of action. Tne Mexican flag exempted them, to a certain degrec, from all responsibility as invaders of the desired country. What better occasion for this object? Adyo- cating this subtle plan, as is always its policy, to = the pablic for which it is , however detesta the object may be, the New York Hera publish- ed several striking articles on this subject, inflaming the minds ef the people by the prospect of an eaay triumph, ‘and above all, of an immense booty for those who would share in the enterprise. With ten thousand men landed on the island—the most feasible thing in the world, in ita opinion—the success of the enterprise could not be doubtful; there would not be the least resistance possible againstthem, The said newspaper pursues, although on different grounds, the same idea with remarkable per sistency, now that tho President of Mexico bas been vested with dictatorial power. The time has now rived for the latter, says this ir. to declare war against Spain; and,as the Uni States is ready to rehase the island of Cuba for a hundred mil- ions of dollars, General Comonfort may make an ex- cellent bargain by accepting the aid of ten thou- send Ni Americans, who woold place them. selves at his disposal for the projected conquest, b: expending for the whole cost of the enterprise twenty mi lions, and putting the other ity millions in hie pocket ‘on condition of hie ceding the property and the island to the conquerors. Such is the opinion of the Heratp, as we slated some daye ago—an opinion which doubtless has been ehared as most acceptable by See ally oki ite readers in the Union. To that essent's people there seems no businees to be reprobated provid it be lucrative. The government of the Union, also—aud ‘this ie the point on which we wish to fix public attention — Proposes to do whatever lies in ite power for attaining the same end, if we give credit to what the American papers very recently published. A new minister plenipoten- tary, Mr. August Belmont, is soon to replace the one who actually worthily represents the United States at our court, General Dodge, and his mission will have for its principal object the opening of new negotiations with our op eg: with regard to the purchase of the Islaud of “uba for a hundred and twenty millions of dollars. Mr. Buchanan is disposed to offer for it immediately. And we are inclined to believe this news, in consideration of the antecedents of the President of the United States. Mr. Buchanan bas always been one of the most fey vent demo- crates of his country—of those democrats commonly blended with those demagogues calle] ‘“fire-oaters’—a set of people in ho manner afraid as to oq airing territory, and for many irs baek chiefly bent upon taking, by force, the Island of Cuba. Nor can we forget that “tr. Bochanan was one of the signers of the manifoste of Us. tend, in 1853—a document both scandalous and ridiculous ;qPlafined and also tigned by the then American Minister | e im Madrid, Mr. Pierre Soul Thus, besides hig bein obliged to be consistent with his former conduct, even i there were po other reasons, Mr. Buchanan will consider himself pledged to take the dtep we are peaking of, The Hojas Autegrofas, treating of the snr ject, em: phatically declares ‘that if sach pruposition made by the government at Wark ngton, they » e instantaneously and evergetically rejected, Rot omy oy the actual ministry, bat by whatev ministry might re place it; adding, that it otfere some consolation that even in the United States all idea of taking from the crown of Spain, by force, that rich Jewel of the Antilles, has been given np as impracticable The confident language held by our esteemed colleague seems to indicate the real opinion of those who actually are at the head of our government; and, under this sv sition, it fills us with great satisfaction to know that Ive not the least intention to enter into similar nog tlons. The same is to be expected of every Speniard who at all estimates the dignity and honor of his country. Such insolent propositions, from whatever quarter they may come, must never meet on our part anything but sovereign contempt, and as prompt and vigorous a re paleo as possible. Would not the government at Wash idgton act in the same way if we wer to prop se to it the purchase of New York or New Orieans, 0 ther pomt of the United States who-e acquisi us for such or such reason? Neither '¢ ('\> ‘*!woud of Cuba an article of merchandise, to be disposed of by us without dishonor, to whatever buyer may desire it; nor have the United States now, nor even will they ew have, gold enough togey its value. ‘@ regret we are notable to share the opinion of Hojas as to the other point—that the NorthAmericans have given up all idea of taking Cuba by force. That payor Nittle knows their trae instincts, and the strange notions of morality and public right prevalent amongst thom. Should the Mojas also on thie point be the organ of the wivetey. we would be still more sorry for it. However that me; Be. let our esteemed colleagne understand ib ant wea ourselves jestifie’ by ovr thoroagh know of the men and things in dhe Called States, th ot press gureelves in thie manner —lhat the latter losiated, vor probably will toy ever d tottthte ecatnet one American poseirsion . sditiona Nike thore @ my v teeee * 5 t f * Dane f vt ' too vomy adore * Nor ' aor 8 mom r " egioet any moans and way w to the altaoment of ther y are only waiting, as we hare aby mat ra pre ‘ wr this pur ir oureelvee fo french them with it by og Want of foresight ANd OUT bea coNMIA!® DiincmERSy TiKon, 18 @ wost striking proof elock was held. Tha Major General's order on this occasion is 80 expressive that we give \t entire. tant duty of first relieving the garrison of first entrusted to Major General Have- Major General Outram feels that it is due strenuous and noble TING OBITUARY NOTICES. Fae aideten wel Deaths of General Havelock, Marshal Radetzky, Redschid Pacha and Mile, Rachel. f ished officer and the exertions which he bas already made to effect that object that to him should accrue the honor of the achievement. Major General Outram ia confident that the great end for which General Havelock and bis brave troops have long and 80 gloriously fought, will now, under the de avoumpliehed. The erefore, in gratitude for and admi- ration of the brilliant deeds in arms achieved by Genoral ant troops, wil) cheerfully waive bia ,and will accompany the force to Lucknow in bis civil capacity as Chief Commissioner of Oude, end tendering bis military services to General Havelock as a volunteer. of Lucknow the Major General will resume bis position at the head of the forces. Gen, Havelock proved that the confidence reposed in bim was not misplaced, and Lucknow was relieved. But his services were pot to end here. The savage Sepoys were not to be disheartened, and the relieved city was agaiv berieged by twenty thourand Sepoys, and had it not deen for the braver His undoubtedly hay GENERAL SIR HENRY HAVELOCK, THE HERO OF INDIA, The news of ihe death of General Sir Henry Havelock, the gallant veteran whose life bas been devoted to the service of his country, and whose brilliant relief and de- fence of Lucknow and wonderful services in India have made his name memorable on the pages of history, will undoubtedly create as deep a feeling of regret in this country as must pervade his native land. mysterious Providence which deprived England of the ser- vices of Generals Anson, Bernard, Nicholson and Neill, should cut off the heroic Havelock in the midst of his most efficient servicer, and before he could be aware of the honors which have been bestowed upon him by hig grateful country, must ever be recorded ag one of the most remarkable coincidences of national misfortune which the history of the world affords. The officers who bave been charged with the conduct of the Indian war have been characterized by such marked superiority over the pupils of the circumooution office and red tape eyatem who served in the Crimea, that their loss is more to be deplored. General Havelock was one of the more democratic class of men who have distinguished themselves in the English army, and, had he lived, was destined to inaugurate, or at least to continue the advo- cacy of a reform inthe management of Fogland’s military affairs. His despatches were modols of composition, and were characterized by brevity, force, perspecuity and modesty, euch ag become a true soldier. Major General Sir Henry Havelock, Bart., K. C. B., was born at Bishopswearmouth, near Sunderland, on the 5th of April, 1795. He was the second of the four sons of the late William Havelock, Paq., of Ingress park, near Green- hithe, Kent, by Jane, daughter of Mr. John Carter, of Yar. mouth, a member, it is said, of the Fttrick family. His father was the descendant and representative of « family which long had resided in the neighborhood of Great Grimsby, Lincolnebire, and the good people of that town have lately gone so far as to claim for the Havelocks a descent from Guthrum, or some other Danish prince who lived before the Norman conqueat. known for certain is that Sir Henry Havelock’s father and grandfather were largely engaged in commerce and ship ping in Sunderland, and purchased Ingress park with the proceeds of the!r successful speculations. The Charter House is the school to which belongs the credit—and no small credit it is—of having reared the youth of Sir Henry Havelock. Havelock numbered among his echoolfellows the distinguished nemes of Oonnop Thirl- wal}, now Bishop of St. David's; the late Sir William MeNaghten, Archdeacon Hare, Dr. Waddington, Dean of Durham; Mr. George Grote, the historian of Greece; Sir Charles Eastlake, and Lord Panmure. Whi'e Henry Havo- lock was at the Charter House, Mr. Havelock was obliged to part with hie estate at Ingrees, and what, perhaps, seemed woree fortune still at the moment, to withdraw his son from the Charter House school. sold to the government, and the youth was entered as a student at the Middle Temple, where we are told he at- tended the lectures of Chitty, the famous pleader, and formed an intimate friendship with the late Judgo Tal Young Havelock, however, was vot partial to the He longed for a life of action, and was giad to seize the first opportunity that offered. His elder brother William (who subsequently fell glori- ously at the head of his regiment, tho Fourteenth Light Dragoons, in the desperate but victorious charge on the Sikhs at Rampugger, November 22, 1848) happened to have gained some distinction in the Peninsula, and was wounded at Waterloo, He fortunately possessed sufficient interest and influence to obtain a commission for hia brother Heary, and within a few weeks after Waterloo was fought nad the satisfaction of seeing the future hero of India gazetted t # second Heutenancy in the Rifle Bri- gade. This piece of good fortune, however, was accom- panied by one main drawback—the great European war ae aa a a bomen itpand, Kane ase treat 9 effecting am ex t ment under orders for Indian service. Havelock ¢ seized the opportunity, and landed in Calcutta towards the and rkill of Gen. was defended with in relieved by Sir Colin head twenty two thousand troops. mination that it was re) ts, cupying #ix days. Mh was soeety ‘that the The rebels fought with such deter! ovly after a series of ep, during which Sir Colin Cam) city was again relieved and the gallant Havel Of the peculiar employments of Gen. Havelock since the relief of Lucknow we have few parti- bedn employed in directing the movements of the army, and the removal of the women companions saved. Doubtless be has For bis achievements in the early summer Brigadier “General Havelock was rewarded with the highest com- plment the Commander in-Chief could bestow—a good service pension of £100 a year. Since that time he has been elevated to the rank of a general officer, honored with the siband of « Knight Commanaer of the Bath, a prize of £1,000 annual pension, the Cojoneley of the 3d Buffs, and tinslly, on the 26th of November last, her Majesty, in wv ken of ber esteem and in deference to the national pride great map, elevated him to the Baronetcy as Sir Henry Havolock’of Lucknow. Alas! on the very day previous, Sir Henry Havelock, on the the very thea- of bis glory and the debt of nature—having died at Lucknow, of dysentery, on the 2ttn of Novem- 62 years of axe, and but «ix days after the relief of the heroic garrison. {t ig singular thatin nearly forty years of service in Burmah in Affgbanistan, at Gwalior, in the Sutlej beg uel in Per- sia, and in fierce contest with the fiendish though never shrinking from his duty, and often exposed to the hottest fire, he was never wounded. He was re served to serve his country in the time of her greatest need, and to die among the most honored of her heroes. I « beea questioned in England whetber Sir Henry Havelock can be legally Cenominated Baronet, since the honor was conferred really the day after his death, and as the grant conferring it has not been completed by Par- iament, having been postponed until after the recess. ‘There can be no doubt that the government and Parlia- ment i providing for his family will give every consider ation to the distinguished departed. Sir Henry Havelock married in 1827 the youngest daughter of the eminent biblical scholar, Rev. Dr Marah- man, Hapnab Shepherd. He lesves a family of three The eldest son, now Sir Henry Marsbman Havelock, and if the title of Baronetoy is conferred to his father, second baronet, was born He bolds at present @ captain's commission in the 18th Royal Irish, and bas been serving in India lately Assistant Adjutant Genera! under his honored ‘y Havelock, but a fortnight betore the recep Uon of the pews of ber husband’s death, after ashort stay at Bath, left England for Germany, amid the congratula- While in ber sorrow she will not went ihe sympathy of the British public, sbe will realize that her beloved husband has sacrificed his life in his country’s service, and that her bereavement is @ nation’s All, however, that is daughters and three sone, Ingress Park was tions of ber friends. It will be interesting to the public to know, says the London Chronicle of Jan. 9, that Lady Havelock and her danghters—in whose sad and sore bereavement there is such profound and universal sympath: at Bonn, on the Rhine. They repaire’ ago, acd meant to remain for some time in Germany. It is a curious circumstanace that about six or seven weeks ago Lady Havelock, who up to that time cherished the firm conviction that her busband {would not only come triompbantly through the campaign, but that she and her uld soon meet him in England, then became the victim of a powerful presentiment—of which she was upable to rid herself—that she should hear of his death before many weeks had elapsed. REDSCHID PASHA, GRAND VIZIER OF TUR- life of a lawyer. ny —are now residing at an end, and it _-- ‘ was at an ) ADs statesmen of the Turkish empire, died at Constantino- Smployment. Fer ple on Wednesday, January 6, after a brief illaces of Redechid Pasha had the reputation of being the great Turkish reformer. Togethor with Ali Effendi, Minister ot War, in 1847, he was in favor of the introduction of Weat- orn customs and institutions into the auminiwus of the Porte, and provoked thereupon not only a settled hostility on the part of many of his own people, but of the Russian government; a hostility which he enjoyed to the end of Assistant Adjutant General ‘Archibald Campbell, Napadee, Patnagoa, and Pagban. war he wae associated with Captain Lumsden and Dr. Knox in a mission to the courtof A “the Golden Foot,’ when the treaty goed. In 1827 be published a short account of the Bur. mese campaigns, which, atthe time, excited some atten ite remarks and the freedom of the author's comments on the events of the war. same year he wae appointed by Lord Combermere to the Artjutar tof the military depot at Chinsurah, on the oh he returned to his regiment. Not sited Caloutta, and, baving passed the iam, wae appointed it by Lord William Bentinck. Tho wo ‘and was present at tho actions of ‘On ibe conclusion of the and had an audience of of Yandaboo was Redechid was born in 1802 at Constantinople, and com- menced life at areporter to the Divan. Like Kossuth and other eminent men, his fret efforte were in the editorial profession. He was the son of a Turk, who had acquired considerable wealth, and who died, leaving two ‘The daughter married Ali Pasha, who was governor of one of the Asiatic provinces of Turkey, and this influential man determined t speed the fortunes of bis relative, bis first government, and subsequently took bim with him to the Morea and Brousea,of which places Ali became wuccessively governor. When Redechid Pasha was in his twentieth year his brother inlaw wag appointed Grand Vizier, but lost his office by one of those sudden vicissi tades then very common—now not wholly imponsihin— io the Turkish empire. brother. in Jaw and firet patron Redechid found a poworsul friend in the person of Selim Pasha, whom he accompa nied, in the Turco Russian campaign of 1829, as private secretary. As secretary t the Turkish Plenipotentiary Redschid was one of the negotiators of the troaty of Con stantinople, and from this period until he attained tho highest honors he may be said to have been employed in the diplomatic service of his country. In 1834 he was rewarded for his political services in Feypt and his part in the negotiation of the treaty of Kutabia with the rank of Pasba, and despatched on @ diplomatic mission to Eng land and France. After remvining some years, both jo London and Paris, be was recalled to Constantinople, to occupy & place in the Ministry of Peetin Masha. But, on arrival, be found the government of his patron no longer ip existence, Nothing daunted, be determine! to save his country from Russian absorption, and to ren der available for this purpose the experi cce and know ledge he acquired in the West. Ho gained ihe contileoce of the Sulton, and was appointed Grand Vizier Put Me hemet Ali, Nicholas of Russia, and the old fanatical party ofhis countrymen were in league against bim, and, uo supported by the highest functionaries, he fell from power. But, though no longer Vizier, Sultan Mahmoud determined to render his services useful ia Kurope, and he was again deapstched to the Western Powers as Pien; potentiary. It was in Paris he learned the death of the Sultan Mabrroud, and the defeat of the Turks at Nesib Almost simultaneously he concluded the quadgaple all\ ance, with which bo returned to Turkey Under the pro sent Gultan be was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, ‘and succeeded in proclaiming the Tanzimat, or Charter or Hatt! Sherif of Guibane. ? Thia he considered one of the greatest events of his life. Upon the 34 of November, 1839, the representatives of all the European Powers, the ministers, governors of provinces, generals, corps of ulemas, patriarchs of Chris tian communities, together with an immense crowd drawn from all classes of the community, were aseombled in an open epace belonging to the Pavilion of Gulhan4, to hear read a charter which was to serve as a new basis of civil and religions law jo Turkey, The Sultan appeared in great pomp, and near him was seated the Prince do Redschid Paaba read the document aloud. Co pies and translations were distributed to all present, aad A universal shout arose for the Sultan, Before the pro mulgation of the Tanzimat Khairiyyeh, or beneficial or dipance, the various provinces throughout the empire were governed by pashas, whose authority was absolute Procuring their appointments by bidding highest for the district governments, they paid @ fixed yearly tribute to the Porte, and then made the moet of their bargains by every and grasping avarice could suggest. noy ie was in vain ters, and the complaint, if if ey powerless to the ground tion by the originality ebildren, a boy and girl adjutant of his regi corps at that tine was under the command of Colonel Ho kept him by his eide tn (afterwarde General Sir) Robert Sale, years of pervice ay a subaltern, Hen: y, and attended in the invasion of Aff anistan. He served through the Affghan campaign with nereased distinction, and was present with Sir Jobn at the storming of Ghuznee in 1839. A memoir of frequentiy quoted with respect by work of reference, was pub- following year. To 1888, after an writers ivable On the death of his fer by him in 1840 or the After a short leave of absence Havelock way sent to the of a detachment, and was place {on ths Gen. Elphinstone as Persian interpreter. He served in Cabul under Sir Robert Sale, an’ was present at the forcing ef the Khoord Cabul Pass, the action of Tezeen and all the other it reached Jellalabad, In Major Macgregor and had the chief direction of that force til’ moction with his friends foot, under Sale, be the memorable defence of that place, and wrote all the despatches relating to it, whieh were bigbly praised by the late Sir George Murray. his services in Cabul he obtained his brevet majority, and was made & Companion of the Bath. Having accompanied Generals Pollock and Gough as reter on che or two oxped: Major Havelock joined at Gwalior, and was present at the battle of Maharajpore engagements be bad two horses shot under him, and a third at Sobraon; but from firet to last he never receivet Om the conclusion of the Sikh war he was appoisted Deputy Adjatant General of the Queen's cely bad he received the t appointment when the second Sikh war broke oat, ad to learn the news of his brother's His own regiment, the dered up from Bombay to take the fleld, and as Indore, when he had the mortification ot countermanded, andJio returned to his asingle wound. troope at Bombay. ath at Ramnuggur. finding his OFdere staff appointment at Bombay He epent two years on furiough returned to India in 1851, and through the & Lord Hardinge, who bad watched the latter of hie career w th interest, and by whose side he had three ‘battles af the Sutlej, be was appointed at frst Adjutant General of the Queen's forces tn ia. This post he held until the war with Persia broke tat the close of 1856. On the despatch of the expedi- hon against Persia he was nominated to the command of ‘and led the land troops at Moham- The glory of the action, however, such as it was, for the Persians ran in Rogland, and then indnees ne reserved for the away, and the fighti clusion of peace with Pers speaking of this, the London fimes said:— Among the officers who bave returned from this expedition to take erious struggle, General most conspiouour.’ General Havelock took passage for India in the Frin, and was wrecked on the coast of Ceylon. reached Calcutta in safety, and on reaching his iestiaation almost the first news that he heard was the out at Meerut and Delhi llahabad ae Brigadier General to com mand the moveable column employed against the mis creant Nana Sani. General Havelock has served in tndia since 1923, when he was bot 28 years of age, and his achievements during thie Sepoy mutiny have procured him the undying reputa- ty hero, which is recognized in America a4 is course has been eagerly watched on this side of the water, and to him js universall, ed the position of the hero of the (ndian war. has been a brilliant succession of tictories. the moutineers at Futtypore on the 12th ef July, at Aoung and Pandoo Nuddee on the 15th; at Cawnpore on the 16th \'0 horse shot ander him; on the 20th he captured Oanao, Russeerat Gunge and nineteen guns. He was forced P this pos ten. but retook it on the 5th of August | sacrifice of the @memy; and on the 16th ob- victory over the rebels at Bith- hlewt watery was bie relief and trymen had been bewnged nt Hefenes were jnet on che vereome and my | two mines extend ch exploded would have lott the garr " their savage asaailante; whon everything seemet Gen. Havelock with his noble coeded in effecting & relief of the besieged city barbarous enemy. eral Oatram on thie ocaagion, whon, Gen, Uavelivs, ay alowed bum i @ returned to Ind break of the matin; diately sent up to well as in England. over life and property. Agpea! to Constant! d bis fried at beadquar. reached the aapital, fell mat was to change all The provinces were no longer to be put up at auc. tion, but entrusted to governors, who were to reccive a fixed ralary from the government, and pay into its coffers whatever revenue the pashalic produced. A Medjelis, or composed partly of Moharomedans and ¥ of ( hrietians, was appointed at each of the in eats of government, and by them all civil and rim: has law business of importance was to be decided, subject uly to the confirming sanction of the Pasha. ‘istians were granted av Unmunity from military service, and as A net off againat this privilege were subjected to's mode. Property were to re caprice or avarice nuteipa’ cownetl far unter the de ‘we ok ee yelie system, both in Constantinople and the provinces. This reform, like the emancipation of the Russian serfs by A)- exander [1., was @ favorite idea with the Sultan - med, though not executed in his !ife time. Since this im- portant event Redschid Pasha has, with brief intervals, cecupied moet important pts in the service of the Suitan. He has held several times the appointments of (rand Vizier and Minister of Foreign Affairs. In 1841 he became again for a time Sultap’s representative in Englaad, His sive administrations e been a series of struggles 70 the Tanzimat. His foreign policy hay been di- rected, above all things, to the maintenance of peace. He was not in power when Prince Menschikoff visied Conetantinople; but when the Russian envoy presented to the Sultan a disgraceful convention, the Sovel appears to have felt that the time was come to make an end of the intrigues which had excluded his ablest servant from power, and Redschid Pasha was again called to direct the affairs of the empire. In spring of 1865 he again lost office, still, howevor, exercising ao influence on the government. He resumed office in the middie of last year, and has died in office. ‘The British Minister, Lord Stratford de Resen, wee 8 Ubrough in his attempts at reform. During the absence of Lord Stratford to the Crimes, in 1855, Redschid was’re- moved from the Viziersbip. But no sooner did the Britieh Miniter return than he compelled the Sultan by threaw and bullying to restore him, Redachid was gaid to be fabulously rich, owning“eatates not only in Turkey, but in Syria, Bulgaria, Roumilia and Thessaly. His estates in all are reported to number over four hundred. He was the owner of the magnificent lace of Balta Liman, on the shores of the beautiful phorus, but sold it to the Sultan for the immense eum. of twenty-two millions of piastree The Sultan sabse- quently presented it as @ marriage gift to Redechid’s son, AliGhalb, who was wedded to the Sultan’s daughter. While ambassador to England and France he kept up the most ruperd establishment, while the dor of his palaces at home were unequatled. Recschid was a tho- rough European, either from taste or policy, and spoke several languages fluently, He kept no harem, ant, — singular for a Turk, never had more than ono wife. During the early part of the Crimean war he was in command of the Turkish army, and was repulsed by the Russians at Pravad! Redechid Parba sallied ferth from Shumla with a force of about thirty thousand men, to attack the Russians at Pravadi, which formed a fortified atvanced post, as it were, to the fortress of Varna. The Pasha failed in his attempt, and retired upon Sham- la, followed, as one narrator asserts, by a single regiment of cavalry, supported by part of the Pravadi garrison, which press ‘is retreat so much, near the village ot Markofska, about half way from Pravada, that he was arrested by it for four hours in his march, having turned upon his pursuers, and ultimately repulsed them; while another statement—that of Baron Moltka—seta forth that Redechid Pasha found at'Markofska a strong body of cavalry, posted in his front with six guns, and supported by infantry in the rear. Itis affirmed that, although the ‘Turks mistook this force for the two corps under Gene- rals Roth and Rudiger, which were known to be in the neighborhood, they merely attacked with their cavalry and some artillery, but quickly routed {t, causing @ loos of four bundred men and tive guns to their opponents, but that the Russian infantry, more fortunate than the cavalry, which was destroyed, escaped to a neighboring wood by quickly changing front, and the Turks baving thus opened a road across the mountain continued their retreat. On reaching the Sbhumla side of the height, however, they discovered another strong Russian foree occupying the defiles in their front, and consisting of not. only the corps of Generals Roth and Rudiger, but of a force amounting in a}l to about the same number a4 that of Redschid, Marshal Diebitech baving hurried up with a stron, reinforcement from the pets oe in the eighborhood of Silietria on hearing that ‘hid Pasha ha oe the fortress of Shumla. Although the forces on each side are said to have been nearly equal, and respectively to have exceeded some- what thirty thousand men, the Turks had oaly about flty parere of cannon, while the Russians are averred to have ad three times that amount. Opinions vary ag to whetber the Grand Vizier could bave regained Shumla without risking a battle, even with the lone of his baggage. Be that as it may, Redschia Pasha is reported to have attacked his opponent, after some delay, across the broken ground between bim and the Villages of Koulefsha and Chirkovna, where they wero ported, and to have carried the position, and nearly cleared the plateau which they occupied, when, just as the remainder of the Russigna were giving way, & iy of hurears, under Count Pahlen, arrived most opportunely, and saved the army and its overpowering force of artille- Ty from the impending defeat. No very distinct account cap be obtained of the number of Russian troops so nearly’ routed, but it appears that it dia not consist of their whole force, for now the main body began to come up from Matara,a village at a short distance towards Silistria. ‘Their first attack was made on the Jeft of the Turks by fourteen battalions of infantry, with thirty five pieces of cannon, and a lancer division with a tweive-gun bere 3 velock, must with his zenith of jena Sahib, thither some weeks: , drawn by oxen an ” ve suffered severely from the enemy's artillery, yet they succeeded in repel ‘ths ate tack, By this time the whole Russian force had arrived in the strong position its commander hat chosen, which not only outflanked the road to Shumla, but both vides of that occupied by the Turks. Under these unfavorable circumstances: Vizier, with more valor than discre- tion, made a grand attack with his infantry on the right wing of the Russians, in hopes of forcing it back on the wesc and pene the road to Shumia. je Body exinn hownver, heen very naturally pomted wo Nein fie eed: bes Rea? = Pasha was repulsed, and retired to his original posi- tion, ‘The Grand Vizier has died comparatively young, being = in his fifty.sixth year, Flis death was rather sudden nd wholly uvanticipated. His illness was but of afew @aye duration. What the character of the disease was which cut short his life we are not yet informed, the in- telligence having reached Fogland by tele; on tho day before tho Europa left, and no particulars of the event having bees communicated FIELD MARSHAL COUNT JOSEPH RADETZ- KY, OF THE AUSTRIAN ARMY, The colebrated Ausvian General, Field Marshal Ra- detzky, Commander of the Austrian army in Italy, died at bis palace in Milan, at eight o'clock on the morning of the 5th of January, 1868, in his ninety second year. Count Joseph Radetzky waa born at Trebnitz, in Bohe- mia, in 1766, His predilection for military adventures was early developed, and he commenced his military career on the Ist of August, 1781, as a cadet in a cavalry regiment. He was called to take part in the long strug- gle with Napoleon, and in 1786 became an ensign, and twelve months afterward lieutenant. In 1793 he was made captain, and in 1700 major. In 1800 he obtained the coloneley of the regiment of the Albert cuirassiers ; and in 1801 the rank of mejor-general. In 1809 he foughg with distinction under the Archduke Charles, at Agram and Erlingen. On the 27th of May five days after the battle at the latter place, he received the appointment: of Held marsal lieutenant, and chief of a regiment of bussare, In the battles of 1813, 1814 and 1816, be gained honorable laurels, inasmuch an he defended the inde: pendence of (his country; and at Kulm, Letpeic and Rrienne exbibited great bravery. He has since been rothing more than the able execotioner of a soul.crasb ing tyranpy. He encountered on various fields Napoleon, Lannes, Ov- dinot, Davoust, Molitor and Massena. At the bloody fight of Wagram he commanded the cavairy. Me was wound- ed in the great battle of Leipsic, and behaved gallantly at Marengo. Om the Slet of March, 1914, Lieutenant Field Marebal Radetzky entered laria, riding by the side of the Fmperor Alexander of Ruseia, Frederick William ot Prus- sia, and Prince Schwarzenberg. On the 20th of April Napoleon left for Elba, and on the 4th of May Lows XVIII. eptered Paris. On the escape of Napoleon from Mba Ra- detaky again took the feld, but he was not present at Wa- terloo. The most important events of bus life, however, trana- pired in Italy throughout the revolutions of 1847 and 1848. In 1881 Radetzky was appointed commander in-chief io Avetrian aly. Ip the intervening peried he had resided partly at Vienna, partly in Hungary, where he held the appointment of inspector genera! of the army. In 1436 he received the baton of field marshal. When Mastai Ferretti succeeded to the chair of St. Peter as Pius IX., and initiat- ed bis rule by liberal reforms, a thrill of nationality ran, like the electric fluid, through Italy, This was in 1846, In the following year the movement was almost brought toac by the Austrians placing & garrison ® Ferrara. A “Guardia Civic or National Guard, was formed in nearly overy © , and then came, like a thunder*o't the revolution of 1848 at Paris. Revolution succeeded revolu ton. Toward the close of 1847, the inhabitants of Milan, die- Affected to the last degree to the Austrian government, which they regarded as the sign of foreign domination resolved to injure the revenue of their oppressors by ab- staining from the use of tohw ec, and the use of segare by an Italian thus became the sign of an anti-patriotic feel ing. To bring this segar question to some kind of isewe on the 3d of January, 1848, a enpply of segars was fur nish the soldiers of the Milan barracks, that they might smoke them in the streets, As was doubtless 6x pected, the people resented this affront. snd irequent ool lisions between them and (he mildary tock place during the day. The soltiers their arms, many were Wounded and some kiljed, The 16th of January, Ra detzky iseved {rom Milan a general order, warning them to prepare for a struggle. In February the Emperor an- nounced, in a letter to Archduke Rainer, that he would make no further concessions to the Lombard provinces, and he relied on the courage of the troops to prevent any evikconsequences. The French revolution wae beard of at Milan, and the people, excited ag they were, remained unmoved. But when the tidings of the revofution means that cruelty improvement was fo Vo mieouuced nO phe Wholy adminietrative —Viouwa camo, he guard mt te goyermmems houry wad