The New York Herald Newspaper, January 20, 1858, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 20, 1858. NEW YORK HERALD. JaABES GORDON BENNETT, OPTION N. W. OOKNEK OF FULTON AND NASSAU BTS. TERMS, cash 1 advance if ERE DAILY HERALD, foo conta per ), $7 per annum. PEE WEEKLY HERALD. every ‘Sarda at viz comts por 4 annum; the Europarn edition, ‘annum to Sor part e/ Urea! Britain, or 88 10 amy part a” the Continent, both O Tur FAMILY HERALD, every Wolmentay, af four conte per oF $2 wm ESPON DENCE, contains EEIET Senmnronnares comming tera on 0k FORRIGN CORRESPNDENTS ARE PAR Srotcanty Weavesren 70 BeAL ALL LETTRRE AND Packages NO NOTICE taken of anonymous correspondence. We do no JOB PRINTING exacuind with neatness, cheapness and dee Peep PRRTISEM : ENTS renewed every day: advertisements én eee eine Wersty Tisnaty, PaMicy Umma, and on the Calorma and Furepain Favions AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. WAY TIKATRE, Broadway—Afternoon and Ree AA doratan snp Z00L0cical PearOuMancas—Cis DBRELLA, OF THE LITTLE GLASS BLU NIBLO’S DEN, Broad FQueereiamem amp Gre. wLOR Seite Nuwoctno, Biaruast, Caurs MvLes amp Homsrs BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—C atagact or tus Gavan —Booxy oon BURTON'S THEATRE, Brondway, Bond His Wor pe ax "Acrou~-Conopus ‘ou'ae ANornER. WALLACK’S THEATRE, Sroetway—Tas Poors or Naw LAURA KEENE’S THEATRE, Broadway—Movereze or Torxvo—AN Unngvai datos ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Fourteenth street—irattay Ormea —Dew Giovanna. BARNUM'S AMERICAN aod Evening: tur Proxere WOOD'S BUILDINGS 4 843 Broadway—Gaonae Ounurs & Woou's Minoteeis—New Year Cais, SHUM, Broadway ~Afternoon BUCKLEY'S SERENADERS, No. 444 Broadway—Necro MELODIES AND BURLESQUPS—SHAKSPEREAN READINGS. MECHANIC'S BA! @h» New York Heraid—Edition for Europe. ‘The Cunard steamship Africa, Capt. Shannoy, will leave this port to-day for Liverpoo! ‘The European mails will close ig this city at a quarter befere ten o'clock this morning The European edition of the Heasu, printed in French fand English, wil) bo published at balf-nast eight o'clock tp the morping. Single copies, in wrappers, six cents Subscriptions and advertisements for any edition of the New Yours Bera will be received at the following places in Burope:— Lowpex,. . .Samson Low, Son & Oo., 47 Ladgate hill, European ss Co.,61 King William st BR. Stuart, 16 Exchange street, East. Haver .,..Am. European Express Uo., 21 Rue Corneilie, ‘The contents of the European edition of the Herat wil Bombing the pews received by mai! and telegraph at the eihce during tho previous week and up to the hour of pub- Veaton. The United States mail steamship Star of the West, Capt. Gray, will leave this port this afternoon, at two o'clock, for Aspinwall The mails for California and other parts of the Pacific | will elose at one o'clock to-morrow afternoon. The New Youx Werxtr Hxnatp—California edition— | containing the latest intelligences from ali parts of the | world, will be published at ten o'clock in the morning. = | Bing!» copies, in wrappers, ready for mailing, six cents | Agents wl please send im their orders as early as pos- | sible The News. ‘The most important news from Washington is the introduction in the Senate yesterday, by Mr. | Gwin, the chairman of the special committee on the { subject, of bill authorizing the construction of a | ailroad to the Pacific. We give in our report of the | exhibited an excess of receipts over expenditures Jings the bill as matured by the | amounting to $75 60. The amount of funds on hand Congressional pre committee. It proposes to locate the road at a point on the Missouri river between the Big Sioux and the | serve during the ensuing year, and Messrs, J. L. Kansas rivers, thence running to San Fran > on | the most eligible route. In aid of the con- | struction of the work alternate sections of | land on each side of the road are to be | granted, and $12,500 advanced on the comple- | tion of every twenty-five miles of the track, until | $25,000,000 are expended, the amount to be reim- | bursed in mail service and the transportation of | troops and mt he President is to | receive the bids and make the contract for twenty | years. Five percent of the stock is to be issued. A was also introduced abolishing the fishing bounties: ions of war. A call was made on the President for all information | in his possession concerning the revival of the slave | trade on the of Af The death of the late Senator Rusk, of Texas, was announced in both | houses, Eulogies were pronounced and the cus. tomary resolutions were adopted. In the House a petition was presented for the ap- propriation of the public lands, in small quantities, to actual settlers, and remonstrating against the far. ther traffic in or mon of said lands. The peti- tion is signed ‘by the. Postmaster of New York and others, and it is believed that there is a good pros- pect of the project b ventually carried through The sp ommittee to investigate the of the republican Doorkeeper of the last House Hughes, Jenkins, Purviance, Bryant and Thompson. The joint resolution pro- viding for the distribution of the patronage of the Congress. ia affairs consists of Messrs. ex epartments equitably among the States and Te = was referred to a select committee of seven, the Ho having previously refused, by a vote of 43 aguinst 143, to lay the subject on the table There was no execative session of the Senate yes- terday ents and the ap- pointment of Collector Schell have been sent in. The other New York appointments are still held | back by the President. Quite a number of promi- | nent New York democratic politicians are now in | Washington, and it is supposed that the object of | ‘their visit is to look after the New York appoint: | ments, Several bills were introduced in the State Senate yesterday, none of them, however, of any special im- All the consular appoi portance. A petition m the Chamber of Com- merce for a modifica he usury laws was pre- sented. The Asse jotted twice for a Speaker without effecting a choice, parties standing precisely as they have for the past fortnight. A resolation was offered that three more ballots be taken, and on the third that a plurality elect, and pending the question the Assembly adjourned. A heart-rending calamity occurred in Brooklyn yesterday. The public school No. 14, situated on the corner of Navy and Concord streets, was utterly destroyed by fire, and as there were about seve hundred children in it at the time, and the fire wis not discovered till it had made considerable progress, euch confusion and terror spread among them that the stairways leading from the male departmen were completely choked and rendered impassable The consequence was that several of the younger children got badly trampled, and asthe window were now the only means of escape, several of the boys who leaped from them were rely and some fatally injured, while others were sx ated by the volumes of smoke. In all, seven boys have died from one cause or the other, and three others are more or less injured. The fire broke out in the jower part of the building, aud was first discovered in the female department, which was located on the second floor, and it is owing to this fact that nearly | @U the girls escaped uninjured: The filibuster steamer Fashion arrived at New Orleans yesterday from Mobile, and was immediately weized by the authorities. The trial of T. W. Smith, for the murder of Rich ard Oarter, the Presid of the Tamaqua Bank berminated at Pun, é ly la or { erquitting the prover on the groumd of insanity The result aojears to have given general satisfac: | ‘The Situation of Moxteo—Disolution and | Cuba are to be saved from the Indian and Afri- tion. At the meeting of the Supervisors last evening Henry Matthews was chosen Sergeant-at-Amms of the Board. A communication was received from the Mayor recommending the dismissal of the eighteen attendants on the Court of Sessions ap- pointed under authority of last year’s Board, and the substitution of policemen in their place. The adop- tion of the Mayor's suggestion will save the county 214,000 per annum. A resolution to increase the police force to fifteen hundred men was referred to the appropriate committee. The Committee on County | the republic hold as wide a sway as did the Officers were directed to inquire into the propriety of reducing the fees for recording births and deaths | the federal authority is unheeded. Yucatan is from ten to five cents for each name registered. The ; standing committees for the year were announced. ‘The names may be found in our report. The Board of Councilmen were in seasion last evening. A special committee was appointed to make arrangements foPthe celebration of Washing: tdn’s birthday, and $2,000 were appropriated for that purpose. A resolution to prohibit the Hudson River Railroad from running steam cars below Fifty-ninth street was referred to the Railroad Com- mittee. The Chairman of the Committee on Fi- nance submitted a report on the tax levy for this year, which was made the special order for the next meeting. They suggest an addi ion of $450,000 to Cross, which was also referred. The Board of Almshouse Governors met yester- Destiny. That Mexico is rapidly relapsing to the state of sem'-barbarism that marked the ora of its conquest by Cortes and his companions, is abundantly evident to any one who will take the trouble to study her contemporaneous his- tory as it is developed week after week and year after year. As governing a political community, it may well be doubted whether the federal rulers of Moctezumas. Everywhere in the distant States a prey to civil discord and savage warfare; Oajaca and Guerrero, now that Alvarez is re- moved from active life, have become the scene of Indian triumphs, ted by priests as ignorant as themselves; in Sonora ex-Governor Gandara is exciting the native race, among which he has great sway, to a fierce war upon his rival, the present Governor, Pasqueira; in Chihuahua, Durango, Zacatecas and Nuevo Leon the roving tribes roam as they will, plundering on every side; Puebla is the seat of a civil war, where the church marshals the semi-savages to perpe- tuate its own greedy existence; in Michoacan and Guanajuato the natives are claiming their old position; om a very recent o:casion, to use the words of a Mexican writer, “a tumult can barbarism that has engulphed se many of the other countries and islands of America. The law of labor and the bonds of society are to be preserved where they now exist, and restored wherever they have been swept away. The theo- ries of Exeter Hall have been crushed out by the decay of the West Indies and the mutiny in Bengal, and their doom is sealed. It behooves our government to reflect upon this. The land is pregnant with movement, and the same mis- sion-that is accepted by Russia in ‘thern Asia, by England in India, by France forth- ern Africa, is pressed’upon us by events in America, and we must accept it. The people will do so, and the government cannot but fol- low in their footsteps, as it has heretofore done. The Sierra Madre republic may soon become a living fact. ‘The Commercial and Financial Prospect, The city banks report an average of over thirty millions of specie for the past week— rather more than double their usual average at atime when their loans were twenty millions larger. We note a corresponding increase at the other financial centres of the country, Bos- ton, Philadelphia (where banks are about to re- sume) and New Orleans; whence it is made ap- parent that our plethora of specie is not the day. Patrik McElroy was elected to fill the vacan- | occurred which demonstrates the true designs | fruit of their impoverishment. The gold has cy in the Board occasioned by the resignation of Mayor Tiemann. Mr. McElroy was formerly pro- prietor of a line of Third avenue stages, He retired from business some years since. There are now 8,180 persons under the care of the Governors, being an increase of 1,694 as compared with the figures last year. We learn from the Superintendent of Out-door Poor, Mr. George Kellock, that the expense of his department will be greater than in any pre- vious year—a circumstance due to the hard times. The donations in money to the deserving poor amount to $2,000 per week. This is distributed in sums running from fifty cents to $2 50. In each case the visiters of the Almshouse see that the do- nation is properly disbursed. The amount of coal used per week is 3,000 tons, which, at $4 per ton, costs the city $12,000. This coal is given in lots of a quarter of a ton at a time. Over three’ thousand families are constantly supported from the office of the Almshouse with donations of money, and twelve thousand families receive coal. The further consideration of the petition of George Taylor for the custody of his wife was postponed to Thursday, in consequence of Mr. Sears, his counsel, being obliged to attend at Albany. The motion to dissolve the injunction restraining the Street Commissioners, Devlin and Conover, from acting, came up before Judge Sutherland yesterday. Mr. Field moved to dissolve thesinjunction, so far as it regards Conover and his employés. The decision is reserved. In the Court of General Sessions yesterday Hugh Darrow was convicted of assault and battery on offi- cer Morelius—who, on information given by a lady that a number of rowdies insulted her in the street, proceeded to arre’t him—and sent to the Peniten- tiary for six months. Recorder Barnard stated that the prisoner a short time since was convicted of a low grade of manslaughter, when the presiding offi- cer (Recorder Smith) suspended sentence on con- dition that he would behave himself in future. James Breen, a barkeeper, was tried for grand lar- .ceny in purloining money from Alexander R. Thorpe, of Broadway, and convicted of the minor charge, and sent to the Penitentiary for five months. The trial was very tedious, a host of witnesses hay- ing been examined to establish the good character of the accused. The annual meeting of the Association of Exempt Firemen was held last evening, and was numerously attended. The treasurer's report for the past year is $951. The old board of officers were elected to Smith and A. M. Turnbull were appointed delegates to the Board of Representatives. The suit of James R. Moloney against the San Francisco Vigilance Committee, the circumstances of which are well known to our readers, came up yesterday in the Court of Common Pleas, upon a motion of the counsel for the defence to amend the complaint. A report of the decision is given else- where. We publish to-day a number of interesting articles from our European files by the America. It was ac- knowledged that the financial crisis in England had revealed a system of combined fraud by joint stock speculators and bank swindlers unequalled in the history of commerce. Great preparations were being made by Queen Victoria for the marriage of her daughter, the Princess Royal, to Prince Frederick William of Prussia. A detail of the changes mak- ing in St. James's palace and the Chapel Royal is quite interesting. Rejoicings on a large scale were also to take place in Berlin. The Paris government organ openly defends the new African slave trade of the Emperor, in opposition to Lords Clarendon and Palmerston. The Emperor Napoleon had recovered | from an attack of influenza. We have advices from the Cape of Good Hope to the Qlst of October. Surveys were making for a railway. The local Parliament guaranteed six per cent. We have news from Port Louis, Mauritius, to the 14th of November. The sugar market opened with | a reduction of 2s. per 100 pounds on all descriptions; | and, with the increased quantities in sellers’ hands, prices had not recovered. A lot of 753 bags of the choice mark of “St. Antoine” (middle yellow) sold | at 6 51 per 100 pounds, and good grays were plenti- ful at about 6 50. The total shipments to all quar, ters amounted to 59,874,997 pounds. The American ship Napoleon took 700 tons to Boston. The cotton market yesterday continued firm, with sales of about 1,000 a 1,200 bales, closing stiff at 10)e. for middling uplands. The flour market wax steady, and sales made to a fair extent without change of moment in quotations, Wheat was firm, and prime milling lots scarce, The stiffness of holders checked sales, which were confined to a small lot of amber colored Tennessee at $115 2 $120, and one lot of Southorm white at $1 30. Corn was in good supply and prices easier, with sales of new yellow and white at 70c. a Tle., aud old Southern yellow, from store, at Tee. Pork was more active, while Prices were unchanged. About 600 a 600 bbis., chiefly uninepected pew mes«, were sold within the range of $14 85 4 $14.90. Lard was more active, with sales of 400 0 600 bble. at 8%. 9c. There was moro movement in spirita of tarpentine, and about 1,700 bbls. were #old at 30, a 400., chiefly at the inside igure, for cash. Sugars wore steady, but sales were limited to some 200 a 300 bhds. New Orleaus, at rates given to another place. Molasses # lower; sales of 500 bbis. New Orleans were made » With 100 do, at 28. Coffee was quiet, pending @ public eale to come off to-day. Freights were unchanged. To Liverpool, 24,000 bushels wheat in bulk were engaged at 4¢d., 3,600 bbls. flour at Ie. lod, some cotton at 3-16d., with bacon and lard at 20. To Havre, cotton was ongaged at Jc. The ship W. 8. Lindeay was taken upto Joad with timber for Trieste, on acconnt of the Austrian government, and on private terms Orrick Brecans ox tin Hoext.—Ch Cassidy, the editor of the Argus, at one of the organs of the lobby this city a day or two ag hunters, on their way to shoot grouse at Wash ington. These fellows are always after the ge of politics and corroption. They wil! | take from the administration of Mr. Buchanan all the epoile they can get, and then, at the finieh, turn agamet him, covering him with eneers and tlanders. These fellows are all anti- slavery at beart; and, although they affect to despise the negroes, they hypocritically set np valier — passed », with a bevy of this race, which believes itself to be the legitimate lord of this continent. An immense number conceived the project of presenting themselves on a given day before Morelia, the capital, and through their imposing numbers force the government to decree at once the re- turn of their lavds so long since usurped.” Another native writer, describing only a few weeks since the condition of the Sfate of Tamaulipas, says, “Commerce is completely de- cayed, agriculture is abandoned for want of laborers to till the lands, and every element of industry is completely destroyed.” While this is the condition of a large portion of the re- public, the federal government is completely at the mercy of stockjobbers and needy adven- turers, who look only to filling their own pockets before the entire fabric falls to pieces, It would be instructive to examine and de- monsirate fully the causes of this decadence, but our limited space precludes it. They may be concisely stated, however, by a parallel, for like causes everywhere produce like effects, The principles cradled in the French Assembly of 1798, and since advocated by the Exeter Hall enthusiasts, are producing iu Mexico a slower, but the same sure results of Jamaica and St. Domingo. They only differ in the fact that the Aztec race has not the same base nature with the African, as is demonstrated by the aboriginal history of each. But the words of the Tamaulipas writer above quoted are appli- cable not only to Mexico, but to the British and French West Indies. Commerce is decayed, agriculture is abandoned, and every element of industry is destroyed. This result is due to the fact that the War of Independence not only separated Mexico from the mother country, but dissolved all the bonds that held the dissonant races of her popu- lation in social organization. Domestic slavery for the negro was destroyed, and peonage for the native Indian was swept away before that grand panacea for human ills—the perfect equality of all races of men. Since that time constitution after constitution has been con- structed, but each seduously preserving as the supreme law of the land the principle that no contract which held man to labor should be lawful or recoverable in kind. Thus he who plants is not able to reap, and com- merce and industry follow in the footsteps of waning agriculture. With the decay of mate- rial welfare, social, political and moral well being must also decay, and government as well as society dissolve. This is the process that is going on in Mexico, while at the same time the white ‘race, which never con- stituted a large portion of the popu- lation, being degraded to the — social and political level of the aboriginal and black races, is rapidly being absorbed and extinguished by them. But while with these elements of inevitable dissolution Mexico is hastening towards bar- barism, contiguous with her is a people possess- ing every element of internal life and external expansion. The whole of this country is preg- nant with enterprise, energy and activity, ready to burst forth and overrun any and every field that presents itself to them. Our whole history is marked with alternate vibrations between internal strugglings and external acq ion. | Hardly had we got over,the bitter strife that attended the establishment of our constitution at the cloee of the last century, before the present one was ushered in with the purchase of Louisiana; the intense hearthurnings that marked the second war with England, and pro- duced the Hartford Conventi followed by the acquisition of Florida; tt hate of parties that attended the administration of Jackson was succeeded by the war in Texas; party strife again ran high 1 drove the democratic party from power for a time, only | to be followed by the Mexican war, and the admission of New Mexico and California within our limite. Thus great events are continually reproducing — themse and the party rage that has marked the last three or four years being now on the verge of dissolution, the era of expansion mast follow. What we have already stated must make it evident to any reflecting mind that the course of this expansion will be Mexico-ward. The old idea of a Sierra Madre republic, which shall separate from their present connection all the Northern States of Mexico, from the Gulf shore to the Pacific, and prepare them for admission to this Union, is already rife. It exists in the nature of things, both here and in Mexico. The white race there will amalgamate readily with our own, and it looks to us to preserve it from total extinction. It is » part of our great civilizing mission to redeem thoee fair lands from the savage that is re-asserting his eway | over them, and bring them to their trae rela- | ization of the | tion with the advancing ci world. We are told that the government has ordered Mr. Forsyth, our Minister at Mexico, to come home and explain why we cannot sneceed tages upon our citizens there, and other enrious probleme in Mexican affairs, But these need no xplanation. ‘The Mexican government, as a government holding and keeping its obliga- tions with the civilized Powers, has almost ceased to exist. Forms of intercourse, it is international intercourse is nearly dead. The Aztec triumphs for a time. a nigger-worsh'yy the epoila ry ina sly wey, to cuteh This is the great problem that is, now before gar governmeut aad the world, Mexico and ' at last. come, first, out of the sub-tréasury, which has lost over ten millions in New York alone; next, out of the pockets of the people, with whom gold is not as plentiful as it was, and who had in private circulation far more specie than was’ popularly supposed ; finally, from abroad, and from California, whose yield has rather in- creased than diminished. There is no imme- diate prospect of this immense accumulation of bullion at the commercial centres becoming speedily dispersed. The shipments to England are already falling off, and, with the cotton bills to compete with, the specie shipments will naturally decline for the next few weeks. Too little is doing in the way of internal commerce to turn the tide of exchange very strongly in faver of the rural districts. The prospect is that the country merchants will do a moderate but safe business this spring. Many of them are already in de- fault, and can have but little hope of avoiding a forced liquidation; but others are ready to take their place, and the trade of the country will not suffer by the change. Still, with wheat at 55 cents in Chicago, and cotton on the steady decline, with corner lots unsalea- ble at any price, and good land seeking private purchasers at one-third the price per acre which it commanded twelve months ago, it cannot be expected that the country merchants will have the courage to buy freely this spring. Their orders will undoubtedly be as light in prepor- tion to those of-last year as the returns from the crop of breadstufls will seem when compared with those of late years. But what they buy this spring will in all probability be paid for. The further we get from this revulsion, the clearer we see its character. Messrs. Douglass & Company, whese review of the crisis we pub- lished some days since, state that there are in this country 204,061 commercial firms, exclusive of bankas, railroads, and very small retailers; and that 5,123 of these failed during the crisis, with an aggregate liability of some three bun- dred mifions of dollars. It is likely that there are many firms in the country which are not in connection with the Messrs. Douglass, and that their list is quite likely to be incomplete; we may therefore assume that the proportion of the failures, instead ot being 1} per cent (as the es- timate of Douglass would make it) of the total trading eommenity, may rise as high as 2 or 2} per coat of the whole. How small ® proportion this is to have created sucha fracas! Every prudent merchant counts upon losing over two per cent by bad debts; yet it seems that the creditors of our merchants will lose no more, or even less, for many of the failed merchants are paying up, notwithstanding all the ontery and clamor that has been made. The people of Europe who are bowling so ter- ribly about “the American crisis”—and espe- cially those thick-headed newspapers in London and elsewhere which represent the Herann as the apologist of dishonesty because we stated and deplored that this was a debtor, England a creditor country—will do well to remember and reflect on the fact. We can arrive, with the help of it, at some curious generalizations as to the trade of this country. Ifthe failed merchants, representing two per cent of the whole, owed three hundred millions, half of which their estates will pay, what is the amount of their liabilities—in other words, the business of the country? Seemingly $15,000,000,000; which would represent the ac- tual amount owed by the entire business com- munity to the foreign world and to each other: in other words, the actnal aggregate of the com- mercial movement of the country at any one time. To proceed by another road to the same point: the aggregate exchanges at the New York Clearing House’ in the year end- ing October 1, 1857, the last year reckoned up, were in round figures $8,300,000,000, having doubled in four years Now if we presume that half the business of exchange and payment is done at New York, as it probably is, the actual exchanges of the country would foot up like the amount of ag- gregate liability in the neighborhood of fifteen or sixteen thousand millions. This again would represent the amount which is turned over at least twice in the course of a year, and hence, the aggregate business of the United States, foreign and domestic, would appear to foot up for the last year of prosperity, at the enormous aggregate of thirty thousand millions of dol- lars. It is doubtful whether any of the foreign na- tions do such a business as this. Especially when it is remembered that a great portion of this business is done in poor, new countries, where payment is actually wrenched from the hand of nature, will the aggregate seem enor- mous. But it is also very gratifying to New York. When we think that out of a business of fifteen thousand millions a year, the only loss is less than $75,000,000—for this is the esti- mated loes in this city—one may well call upon foreigners to forbear from remarks about Ame- rican insolvency and American dishonesty. It in obtaining reparation for the numerous out | will be very well for Europe if the countries there can show such a record when the financial storm-has swept over them. Arrroacnine Travot Temrrst is Parapet rita—A Southern member has lately intro- duced in the House of Representatives a pill true, are kept tip, but the spirit of enlightened | for the establishment of a branch mint in the Look out for a terrible from Philadelphia Tucy will wake up, . city of New York. avalanche of indignation and ite sleepy newspapers. Mr. Senator Hale on the Kansas-Nebraska Bul—The True Interpretation. Mr. Senator Hale, of New Hampshire, in his speech of Monday last, upon Kansas affairs, ccntended that as the real purpose of the Kan- sus-Nebraska bill was to make Kansas a slave State, “he was inclined to think that in the con- toveray between Mr. Douglasand the President the palm of victory ought to be awarded to the President.” And so think we; for while ‘the President is pursuing the Kansas-Nebraska policy to its legal and logical conclusion, Mr. Douglas has abandoned it on the first available opportunity, simply because it has ceased to pay It is true as gospel, that, with Mr. Douglas and poor Pierce, the repeal of the Missouri Compro- mise was a rort of burnt offering to the South; and if those two volunteer priests at the altar burnt their fingers in the sacrifice, it was their own fault. If the object of their bill was not to make Kansas a slave State, why abolish the Missouri Compromise line; and why establish two Territories over the area which the origin- al bill embraced in one? Unquestionably the object in abolishing the Missouri line of pro- hibition was to open Kansas to slavery; and it is equally undeniable that the object of dividing the origina} Territory of Nebraska into two Territories was that the North should have the one and the South the other. We have no doubt that all this was as clearly un- derstood between the high contracting parties as the plainest provisions of a commercia® | treaty. These high contracting parties were Jefferson Davis, Senator Mason, General Atchi- son and others on the one side; and Mr. Doug- las and Mr. Pierce on the other. The terms of the compact were that the said Douglas and Pierce were by this operation to secure Kansas to the South as a slave State, in consideration of the shining probability that the South would enforce the nomination of Pierce or Douglas at the Cincinnati Convention. Nor was it considered that the “popular sovereignty” proviso of this KansasNebraska bill would interfere, in any serious degree, with the project of making Kansas a slave Stete. The proviso was understood at the South ava tub thrown out to amuse the silly whale of the North, and nothing more. To be sure, this pro- viso declared, in so many words, that “the true intent and meaning of this act is not to legis- late slavery into the Territory, nor to exclude it therefrom; but to leave the people thereof perfectly free to regulate their domestic institutions in their own way, subject only to the constitution of the United States.” Bat these fine words were fitly denominated by Col. Beaton as “the stump speech in the belly of the bill,” for they were intended for nothing more. The “true intent and meaning of the act’ was to make Kansas a slave State, and the great equivalent with Mr. Douglas and Mr. Pierce was the support of the South for the Presidency. The thing was overdone. The reaction in the North was so tremendous that the South, at Cincinnati, were compelled to drop both Pierce and Douglas; but in nominating Mr. Buchanan they still bound the nominee and the party to make good the compact of the Kansas-Nebraska bill. And so it is, that, having failed to secure his share of the bargain, Mr. Douglas has re- pudiated the “true intent and meaning of the act,” and has fallen back upon a literal appli- cation of his “glittering generalities” of “popu- lar sovereignty.” Not so with Mr. Buchanan. The regular local authorities which he found in Kansas at his inauguration he has promptly recognized, and their proceedings all the way through, including that ratification of the Le- compton constitution which makes Kansas a slave State. Mr. Senator Hale, therefore, is quite right, touching this controversy between Mr. Douglas and the President, in yielding the palm of vic. tory to the latter. Here, however, we part company with the New Hampshire Senator. He thinks that the Kansas-Nebraska bill was an infamous crime; we hold that it was the repeal of an unconstitu- tional act. He thinks that the giving up of Kansas to the South, upon any terms, would be an outrage upon God and man; we contend that the nominal surrender of Kansas to the South would be a happy compromise in behalf of the peace and harmony of the Union. Mra Hale looks upon Southern slavery as a mon- strous overshadowing political, moral and so- cial evil; or, as old John Wesley called it, the “sum of all villanies.”” We regard it as the most beneficent system that has ever been adopted for the good of both the white and black races living together in the same gommnu- nity. We also contend, from the facts of his- tory and experience, that the African race are incapable of self government, and that an ex- clusively negro community, with all the advan- tages of civiligation to start upoa, will, if left to itself, rapidly degenerate back again into African barbarism. The great ultimatum of Messrs. Hale, Sew- ard, Chase, Giddings, Garrison and the black Douglass is the extinction of Southern slave- ry, at all hazards; the present necessity of the white Douglas is to keep on the right side of the Illinois Legislature; but the harmony and perpetuity of the Union are the paramount considerations with every truly pat- riotic American, North or South. We believe that the Union, Southern niggers and Southern cotton have paid and continue to pay euch handsome dividends to the North that we can. not do without them; and we think, too, in con- sideration of the heavy profits which the North thus “realizes” from the South, that an ad- herence to the practical compromises of the constitation, with an occasional concession in behalf of Southern slavery, can be no vary violent stretch of Northern reciprocities or northern magnanimity. Thus, in regard to Kansas, we hold the direct issue involved as something broader and larger than Presidential aspirants, or sectional or party cliques for the spoils and plunder of the federal treasury. We believe that this Lecompton con- stitution may be made the basis of “a happy ac- cotd” between the North and South, by the simple yielding of the empty abstraction of slavery to the South. At all events, there is now no alternative but this Lecompton consti- tution for the South. Southern men mnst ad- here to it, and unite upon it, or they cannot ex- pect co-operation or sympathy from the North, nor anything else in the future but seorn ard contempt. If they permit Presidential caleula- tions and estimates for the spoils and plunder to distract and divide their counsels, they will love not only Kansas, but fhe last remains of that respect and deference of the North for Southern rights which they may otherwise still contitiue to command. Tle Lecomptou coastitution, as ratified, may be delayed still another week on ite way to Washington; but the interval may be profitably employed by Southern men in ascertaining the strong and the weak points of their camp, and in perfecting some decisive plan of operations. Practically, Kansas is lost to the South. It cam never be made practically a slave State. But the point of honor involved comprehends the absolute eubjugation of the South, or the main- tenance of its remaining defences. The moral effect of the adoption or rejection of the Kansas Lecompton constitution will extend beyond the preservation or loss of half a dozen other lave States. Southern men, therefore, who have been such sticklers heretofore for Southern abstrac- tions, have here an abstraction which covers the whole ground of Southern equalityor Southerm submission. International Morris’ Bill, A few days since we published a eopy of the bill introduced on Monday last in the House of Representatives by Mr. Morris, of Pennsyi- vania, for the protection of the property of foreign authors. Although objections mag be taken to some of the details of this bill, we sincerely trust that it will pass. Any measure of protection to foreign works—no matter how imperfect—would be preferable to the present disgraceful state of things. It isa crying ie- ustice and an anomaly, that whilst scientifie and mechanical discoveries are surrounded with all the security that the law can confer, literary property should be exposed to piratical encroachments. It is not because the works of authors are less useful or confer less benefit om the world than those of inventors that they are thus left open to invasion; it is, on the con- trary, because they are more general and cosmopolitan in their interest and value. The unfairness of according to genius which ie partial in its influences, a, protection which is denied to that which is universal, has been 60 frequently exposed that it is unne- ceseary for us to travel again over that ground. The justice and equity of protection to literary men are, in fact, no longer debated by the op- ponents of an international copyright. They now confine themselves to the consideration of the magnitude of the commercial interests in- volved in it, and are content to rest the policy of their resistance on that ground alone. It isa fact but little creditable to Congress that it should have allowed a narrow and pro-+ fessedly selfish view like this, emanating from some half dozen monopolist publishing houses, to postpone for so long a period a measure of such manifest justice and expediency. Could it have been proved by anything more reliable than mere assertion that the continuance of the present shameful system of literary piracy waa beneficial to the public, to American literature, or to the publishers themselves, we might un- derstand the fierceness of the opposition with which this measure has always been met; but when we find the literary market inundated with trash, native literary talent unable to obtain a fair price for its productions, and the great publishing monopolists themselves failing te sustain their commer¢la! credit, then we aay that the free trade system of publishing is bene- ficial to no class or interest. When, too, as we are told by Mr. Thackeray, in his statement at the Commercial Traveller's dinner in London the other day, our first rank publishing houses are compelled to send out touters on the Euro- pean highways to entrap wandering authors, we are forced to add that it is imperative on Congress at once to offer to foreign genius the | security and protection the failure of which ne- | cessitates such humiliating shifts. Had we an international copyright, the immense market which this country would afford for productions of merit would soon crush out the spurious literature with which the public taste and mo- rals are vitiated. Native as well as exotic genius would find full encouragement for its developement, and there would soon spring up amongst us a multitude of writers like Prescott, Bancroft and Washington Irving, who would shed a halo of glory around the literary repu- tation of the country. Whilst, however, we attribute to the selfish and narrow minded opposition of the American | publishers the long postponement of an interna- tional copyright act, it is but fair to state that part of the blame of this delay is due to the in- discretion of foreign authors themselves, Mr. Dickens came to this country professedly with a view to pave the way for a literary treaty between Great Britain and the United States. Whatever progress he made whilst here he completely neutralized by the publica- tion of his “American Notes.” The feelings of disappointment and indignation which that work aroused rendered the public mind indis- posed, for the moment, to consider favorably any measures having the interests of foreign authors in view. It was this indifference which enabled a few of the large publishing houses to prevent the convention made by Mr. Everett, when Secre§ tary of State, with Mr. Crampton from being ratified in the Senate. Had the current of pub lic feeling run then as strongly in favor of measures of protection as it does now, there is no doubt that Mr. Everett's treaty, backed as it was by the influence of government, would have paseed into law. One of the first tasks undertaken by Lord Napier on)is arrival here was the preparation of an international copyright treaty likely to meet with the approval and support of the two go- vernments. He has been in a measure antici- pated by Mr. B. Joy Morris, of Pennsylvania, himeelf an author, and whose bill is now before Congress, As we have not seen Lord Napier’a proj of tredty we are unable to offer any opinion on the comparative merits of the two measures, This much, however, we do say, that we welcome with pleasure any amount of pro- tection, however limited, that Congress may be disposed to afford to foreign authors, more e* pecially to those of Great Britain. It is of the greatest Importance that no further delay should be allowed to interfere with the completion of 4 security so urgently called for on both sides of the Atlantic. With a common language, in- terests almost identical, and sympathies daily growing stronger, we should no longer permit this last eubject of grievance to prevent the con- summation of a cordial and permanent union between the intellectual minds of both countries. Tre Lanorst Creevpation.—One of: the lead- ing lobby organs at Albany—the Atlas and Argus—is informed that the daily circulation of the New York Henan, as proven by affidavits submitted to the Postmaster of this city, is larger by nearly fifteen thousand than that of any other journal that entered into competition for the advertising of the list of uncalled for letters. Postmaster Fowler, by a construction of a technical point in the law, decided in favor of another journal of inferior circulation; but if Mr. Postmar' + General Brown has the sense, COUFABe Hi sayauity to decide upon the @vi- donoe eubmitted to ‘him upon the principles of