The New York Herald Newspaper, December 14, 1857, Page 1

THE NEW_LYORK HERALD. WHOLE NO. 17774. THE NEWS FROM NICARAGUA. Landing of Walker and his Men at Punta Arenas. Sketch of the of his Recent Plans in the United States. HIS ARREST AT NEW ORLEANS. Sailing of the Fashion. STATE OF THINGS IN CENTRAL AMERICA. Troubles and Hopes of the Wall Street Commodores. THE NEXT NEWS, &, &, &. ‘The telegraphic abstract of the Empire City’s news re- ceived from New Orleans, and published in the Hknatp of yesterday, informs us that Gen. Walker had landed safely with bis 400 adventurous followers at Punta Arenas, Nicaragua, on the 25th of Nov., without let or hindrance. ‘The United states sloop-of-war Saratoga was lying in the Barbor; but the littie steamer Fashion, with her freight of daring ‘emigrants,’ ran right upder ber stern without exciting the least suspicion of what craft sho was, or what @dangerous cargo she carried ander hor deck, aud run Bing alongside Scott's wharf, deposited the tilibusters thereon in security. On the deck of the Fashion, as it passed the sloop-of-war, were visible ouly ten meu—just encugh to work the vessel; the “Gray-eyed Man” and the strength of his little host remaining carefully below to svoid detection. In this bold and dashing style has ‘Walker set his foot for the second time on the soil of Nica- wagua, to struggle once more for supremacy in that re- public. It is reported that he landed some portion of his men at other points, with what truth we do not yet know, nor is it of any importance. The material fact is estab- lished that he succeeded—in spite of ships-of-war, revenue eutters, and the dangers of the deep—in landing his force in Nicaragua. It is evident that Walker took the very course we inti- ‘mated in the Hxnatn of the 2d inst.—namely, attempted to make a landing by following the Colorado mouth of the ‘San Juan river as far as the depth of water would permit, ‘apd thos put bis force ashore some sixty or seventy miles above Greytown. But from the fact of his landing fifty men on the Colorado, it seems that he found the river too shallow for the Fashion to ascend as far as the Manchuca rapids; and leaving a party there, with a view to some fu- tare operations, returned, and ran the risk of passing ‘under the guns of the Saratoga in the harbor of Sun Juan. ‘The history of Walker's second expedition is an eveutful ‘and a varied one. On the first of May, in the present year, be capitulated jm the city of Rivas, and surrendered himself and his army to Commander Dayis, of the United States ship of war St. Marys, and, under the protection of the American Bag, returned to New Orleans. Here the friends of his cause received him with éclat, and here, no doubt, the first plans for the present enterprise were laid down; for, though defeated and compelled to ly, Walker had not re. Mnquished hig designs upon Nicaragua, nor ceased to cherish hopes of ultimate success. This feeling, the result proves, was shared by many in the South, since he has Deen able, in the space of afew months, to raise fands and men enough to try another venture. On the 18th of June we find him in Washington, where dhe had an interview with the President. In the meantime be bad visited Memphis, Louisville and Cincinnati on his way from the South, and in each he was an object of much interest and created no inconsiderable enthusiasm. On the 16th of June he arrived in Now York, was escorted by a committee from Amboy to the Battery, and, pro ceeding to the Park, defined his position’ and defended his actions in a brief speech, under a drenching shower of rain. While in this city, his career, it will be remembered was the subject of much reprehension; and the bad fecl- ing which existed against him in the breasts of many, by the multitudinous reports of his cruelty and indifference to the comforts of his men, was considerably increased by the arrival of the Wabash with a party of his unforta- nate followers, who certainly presented the most misera- ble spectacle of want, sickness, and utter hopelessness ‘and destitution it is possible to conceive. Walker was gravely censured for not attempting to alleviate the sulfer- ings of these men, or even visiting them, to condole with them in their distress. Soon after their arrival he left the city rather hurriedly, on July 1, having remained here Just fourteen days. From New York he proceoded to Charleston, and through Georgia to the home of his father, ‘at Nashville, Thence he went to Mobile, where an ad- dross was presented to him on the 13th of July, signed by a largo umber of citizens—the second name on the list Doing that of Julius Hesse, the agent of the ‘ Mobile and Nicaragua Steamship Company,’ under which title he an- nounced the sailing of the Fashion, aa the first regular packet of the line between Mobile and San Juan del Nicaragua. All this time speculation was rife as to Walker's future eourse. Those who knew him and believed in his pluck gaia that he would not be long out of Nicaragua; whilst others declared that his influence was utterly broken own, and that he could never sgaim raise an army to trust in him, But Waiker and Henningsen were then ao- tively engaged in bringing their plans to maturity. The cause found favor in the South, and money was furnished to a considerable amount. On the 20th of August it was ‘announced, on the authority of some of Walker's asso- Ciates, that a “Central American League’ had been form- ed In all the principal cities of the Union, and that a se- cond expedition to Nicaragua, far better organized, better e@upplied with means, and far more formkiabie tian the first, was on foot, and almost ripe for departure. The Central American ministers at Washington became alarm- ed, and on the 17th of September Messrs. Molina and ‘Yrisarri addressed a letter to Gen. Cass, stating that they hhad no doubt that another expedition against Nicaragua, under “the adventurer William Walker,” had been orga- nized in the Southern part of thia Republic, and calling ‘upon the government to interpose its authority to prevent the sailing of the expedition. Annexed is their noto.— New Yorx, Sept. 14, 1857. ‘The undersigned, Minister Meni of the repub. hes of Gemontaia ta Salvador, end the Charge €° A re Costa Rica, bay ‘of the republic of wwe the honor to make known to the the United States, that there is no ing prepared in the Southern is republic an expedition under the or ders of the adv Wm. Walker, the which, accord. ing to the public Journals, will felt about ti le of tho present month, or ning of the Bocas del Toro, where it receive the armament which has been pre- oe ie nat the “unit beep ls It is probable ‘uniting expedition Bir and aforesaid armament at the Bocas de! Toro may be for the purport of these new invaders of Nicara- qua entering rte, for they have no other undermgned bope States, in view the debarcation of this and shame-facedly an- pounced, e » will order a versel of war of the United States prevent the landing of these , and that positive i jiven to the vessel of war that may be lying in oan del Norte also t prevent the landihg of th filibusters on that coast, causing them to retarnt ited States as transgressors of the laws of thi as disturbers of the peace and security o ions, highest consideration, the undersigned hay to subscribe ag may of oF ere ° the United States, attentive: obedien A. J. DE YRISARRI. b LUIS MOLINA. In a few doys, on the 18th, Gen. Cass issued the follow. ing circular to the United States oMcials in New York, New Orleans and other ports to uso directions there to ‘the utmost diligence in ferreting out the filibustors, and Prevent any hoy of armed men from leaving the country :— information received at thie Department, ig reason to believe that lawless persons are now Within the limite of the United States in setting and ‘ing the means for military expeditions, ed on agatast al F i sat Carr the territorics of Mexico, Nica- and lice with whom the United re at poace—in direct violation of the sixth section fet of Congroas§ approved 20th April, 1818. And. the eighth section of the said act, it (4 made lawful President, or such persons as he shall empower, the land and naval forces of the United States Militia thereof, “ for the purpose of preventing cartying on of any ench expedition or enterprice from, ‘Territories oF Jurisdiction of the United States.” Tam, 23? j e857 President to call your attention therefore, directed b; pee you to use all due atligence, means ° to the sul relative to such expeditions, Tam, sir, your obedient servant, LEWIS CASS. Under date of the 29th of September Genoral Walker addressed the following letter to Gencral Cass:— Sm—It is currently reported that the Ministers of Costa Rica and Guatemala have asked for the active interposi- tion of the United States for the purpose of preventing me and my companions irom returning to Nicaragua. This request, it is further said, is based on the assum} tha Thave violated, or intend to violate, the net of the United States. The want of all official intercourse between the government of the United States and that of Nicaragua, will, [ hope, be a sufficient excuse for my ad- dressing you on the faith of a public report. But the ru- mor comes in such a form that I am satisfied the Ministers of Guatemala and Costa Rica have attempted to dishonor ‘the republic of Nicaragua in the eyes of the United States; and Tam further convinced of this fact by a decree of President Mora, dated at San Jose on the 7th of August last, and ordered to be communicated to the diplomati corps generally. The Ministers of Costa Rica aud Guate mala attempt to humiliate Nicaragua by presenting them relves to the United States.as her protectors and guardians In behalf of the repulic of which I claim to be the it ful and lawful executive, I protest most earnestly this assumption on the part of Costa Rica and mala, and ask that the government of the United States will not permit itself to be influenced by such pretensions on the part of these two Central American powers. On the contrary, it is to be hoped that the United States will, by its condact, assert and vindicate the independence of its sister republic—the sovereign State of Nicaragua. It is my duty further to say, that the le of Nicaragua have not consented to the military authority at present exercised over them by the agents of Costa Rica and Gautemala; and that they therefore cannot be held re- sponsible for any interference of these latter States in the administration of the municipal affairs of your govern- ment. Conceiving that the Ministers of Costa Rica and Guate a cannot justify any suggestion they make to the Uniter States concerning the execution of its own acts of Congress, I desire to relieve eee from apy respon- pein for such officious intermeddling. So far as an! violation on my part is concerned, I deny the charge wi scorn and indignation. Having been received in tho United States, when forced for atime to leave Nicaragua, 1 have, in all respects, been obedient to its laws. And per- mit me to assure you that I shall not so far forget my duty as an officer of Nicaragua, as to violate the laws of United States while enjoying the rites of hospitality within ‘its limits. WILLIAM WALKER. Hon. Lewis Cass. On the 17th of November Mr. Yrisarri, who had not been previously recognised as a representative of Nica- Tagua, was formally prose-ited to the Prosident, and re- ecived as Minister from Nicaragua, after which the treaty negotiated was signed by himself and Secretary Cass. The treaty provides— Firet—For the maintenance of two free ports, one at each end of the Transit line. Secondly—The United States guarantees the protection and neutrality of the Transit, but names no particular company . Thirdiy—The Transit is to be open to all nations on equal torms. Fourthly—The United States reserve the right to trans- port the mails in their own vessels when they find it con- venient 80 to do. Filthly—Provides, in the usual terms, for friendship, commerce and navigation between the two countries. It was at first thought that the negotiation of this treaty would materially affect the prospects of Walker, but he was then safely off, having left Mobile on the 14th ult., with his 400 filibusters. ‘The Southern papers in Walker's interest had for some time been proclaiming his plans pretty openly. The Gal- veston News of the 26th of November gave the following article:— ‘We have just been informed by # gentleman woll ac- quainted with all that is being done to aid the cause of Gen, Walker, that the cause is progressing under the most favorable auspices. There are now seven hundred men enlisted in Texas as emigrants to Nicaragua. So fer as known they already muster as follow :— Place. Commandant. Houston , . Captain Hal. Runnels. ‘Austin, ‘Capt. McEachern, Brazoria, Capt. Phelps Powder Capt. Henry. San Antonio river, Capt. = erinbling, } Unknown Capt. Mosely, supposed “ . Methenny Capt. Capt. bes Keys. Most of thi 0 for Nicaragua, and ‘will follow with but little delay. Of course nothing has yet been heard from General Walker since he left, but news will be received from him by tue Ist of December, and no doubt accounts will show him to be in o: all the ports op the San Juan river, as there were no forces there to oppote him. General Henningsen is now ip New York doing all he can to the cause. Colonel Waters i in Houston, and will leave with the first emi- ta to join Walker. It is well known that Walker is now receiving the active co-eperation of many of tho most mflucntial men in the South, and though the movement has been delayed by the recent financial embarrassment of the country, yet everytbing is now progressing most favorably. Colonel Rogers is in New Orleans, acting a® Gener Walker's principal agent there. There is no longer any doubt as to the position of our government touching this move- ment. President Rue! will of course enforce our neutrality laws as a matter of duty, but is not dis- posed to embarrass Walker further than duty requires, and as there is no intention to violate any law the country, the government will have uo occasion to ip terfere to prevent our citizens from emigration at plea- sure. The fact of Gen, Walker's prosent return to main: tain the government he had previously established, ia Jooked upon as a certain guarantee for his success, aa had determined not again to return without such aswu- rances as would relieve him from by ieee YY having to encounter the difficulties and opposition that caused his previous failure. And in the Austin Journal, another Texas paper, appear- ed the following advertisement — HO! FOR ADVENTURE! Forty-nine men wanted, to join an ition to leave this between the lst Voth of h next. The result is expected to be very profitable to all interested, — “s those of pagel J oh, bravery need apply. men can } particu) ying wo Ww. wore TA) On the other hand, the journals which did not believe im the “man of destiny” predicted bis utter annihilation. The Apalachicola (Flo ,) Advertivr, eays:— GENERA! WALKER IP THE SOUTH. We doubt very much the corr: ctness of the statement that Walker's affairs are in ¢ fourishing condition. .t first we felt disposed to bid hin sot speed,” hut the be Hef is now fast becoming general chat the man of dosti ny” bas had his day, and thet ho wi!) rot again be allowed an opportuntty to trifle away the 1. and fortunes of his follow citizens. With all the o¢ vantagoa in his favor his preeent position and that of Nicarazun fully attest thet he was not the man forthe” i. \va trast the administra- tion will enforce our neutrality laws te te letter, But it appears that Walker war bringing his plans quietly to maturity, regardices of the predictions of his enemies, the remonstrances of the Central American Min- isters and the instructions of the government to their officials at the South. On the 11th ult. General Walker waa arrested, at 11 o'clock at night, at his lodgings, on Custom House street, New Orleans, by Deputy Marshal Emile Many, and con- ‘veyed to the St. Charles Hotel, where Judge McCaleb was waiting to take his recognizances for his appearance next morning. Colonel Slatter and Hon. Pierre Soule were also in waiting. The former gave his bond of $2,000 for the General's appearance, and the latter volunteered as his counsel. Next day the General appearod before Judge MeCaleb in court, with his friends, and gaye a formal bond of $2,000 to appear for preliminary examination on the 17th. When the appointed day arrived for the appearance of General Walker before Judge McCaleb, @f the United States District Court, to answer the charge of having on foot a hostile expedition against Costa Rica and Nicaragua, the case was duly galled, but as there was no response the General's bail Vond (signed by Colonel Slatter) was, As a matter of courre, ordered to be forfeited. Mr. Slatte and Mr. Soule both appeared, Mr. Soule offering himsett as General Walker's representative, The following Fri- day week was appointed by the Court to hear Mr. Soul» on the eubject. The effect of Mr. Sonié’s eloquence upon the Court w have not learned. The warrant for Walker's arrest was issued by Judge McCaled on the following affidavit of three citizens of New Orleans:— Ulich Bein Eastern District of Louisiana. —Hefore the poe i ay States Dis- triet Court for the astern district of Louisiana, reonally came and appeared P. £. Walden. Crane ‘and O. H. Polk, who, being duly sworn, do depose and charge that from they do verily be- — MORNING EDITION—MONDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1857. PRICE TWO CENTS. viously thereto, the said Wm. Walker hag, within territory and jurisdiction of the United States, to wit, within he aforseaid district, megvided snd : means a military expedition enterprise carried on from the territory and jurisdiction. aforesaid, States and people with whom the States aie and have been, during the preparing and provi- ding aforesuid, at peace, to wit—thoe States and people of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, contrary to the form of the statutes of the United States in su vided, the peace and dignity of the same. Wherefore deponents pray that the said Wm, Walker be arrested and feat with to law. P. E. WALDEN, HENRY CRANE. Sworn and subscribed before me this 10th day of No- vember, 1857. THEO, McCALEB, United States District Judge. ‘The arrest was made by virtue of tho act of Congress of April 20, 1818, known as the ‘Neutrality act,” It was well known in New Orleans for several days previous t the arrest that Walker was on the eve of setting out for Nicaragua, yet it was effected only at the last moment; for at two o'clock on the morning succeeding his arrest, & Portion of his men embarked ou board the Fashion, and he himeelf, with his staff aud-three hundred more, follow- ed them the samo afternvon in the mail boat California, for Mobile, On arriving at Mobile, he and bis party were transferred to tho steamer Dick Keyes, which steamed down the bay and joined the Fashion, on board which all the filibusters were put, and she started off on the 14th of November for Greytown. The whole force on board amounted to four hundred men, and she is said to be well stored with arms and ammunition. One of the New Orleans papers describes the men as a fine looking ket of fellows, each carrying a blanket and a carpet bag, looking quite like a band of peaceful emigrants. There is no doubt but that Waiker managed his departure very skilfully, entirely outwitting the government officials and the commander of the United States revenue cutter which lay in the Mississippi with a view to intercept the expedi- tion should it sail from New Orleans. But by making Mobile the starting point, Walker completely spoiled what- ever plans might have been made to intercept him. It was said that in addition to the party which sailed from Mobile three hundred and fifty more had left from differ- ent other ports on sailing vessels. General Henningsen’s arrival at Mobile with about a thousand more seems to be expected very soon. Of the number who sailed with ‘Walker some thirty officers and men were with him in the last campaign. The following is a list of the officers on the Fashion: — atDs GENERAL. Major J. V. Hoof, Capt. A. Brady. ASSIBTANT SURGEON GENERAL. Dr. Kellum. COLONES. Frank P. Anderson, Bruno Netzmer, Henry. To TH: 8. T. Tucker, C. Fayssoux, navy, S. Kennedy, bavy, J.B. West, Wm. A. Rhea, Modtichael, F. Belcher, [ANTS R. G. Stokely, Winn. avn. Jacob Colmus, ‘LDIERS AND CITIZENS. Chas. Brogan, Jobn Tabor, editor, Nica- 4 Romer, John Rutter, Col. Anderson, Major Hoof, Capt. Kennedy, Charles Brogan and Jacob Colmus were among the original fifty six who left San Francisco with Gen, Walker in 1855, in the brig Vesta. Amongst the officers who have accompanied General Walker in his second descent upon Nicaragua we find mention of some who have distinguished themselves on other fields. Colonel T. Henry, of Albany, N. Y., as sergeant of the ‘7th Regiment United States army, carried the colors into the Telegraph fort at Cerro Gordo, for which gallant action he was promoted to a first licutenancy. He served in the first Nicaraguan expedition, and was wounded eight 08. ng Colonel G. T. Tucker, of Vermont, served as Captain of the Mounted Rifles in the Mexican war, was wounded there, and received honorable mention for his gallantry in several despatches. Lieutenant Colonel Swingle, of Boston, commanded a company in Texas, and was present at the battle of San Jacinto, In Rivas he set up afoundry during the siege and cast the first iron ever cast in Central America. Captain J. C. Fayssoux, was one of Lopez's first expedi- tion to Cuba. When the steamer Creole ran into the bay of Cardenas to land the filibusters, she grounded a short distance from the wharf. Captain F. quietly let himselt down into the water, with a rope in his mouth, and swim- ming to the pier climbed up and made it fast, standing by the knot until the steamer had been hove in near enough to permit his companions to land He commanded Wal. ker’s schooner San Jose on the Pacific and blew up the Costa Rican brig-ot-war Once de Abail during a desperate fight at sea. The following announcement of the new line between Mobile and Nicaragua appears in the Moble Register: — MOBILE AND NICARAGUA STRAMBHIP COMPANY. The steamship Fashion, in Coughlin, will ply as a regular packet between Mobile and St, om dol Nicaragua, Notices of her departure from Mobile will be givea in due time, Another steamship will be added to the line in a short time. For further particullars apply to JULIUS & OO. ‘The Fashion was once a government yeswel, but was re cently sold in New Orleans for a nominal sum, and was Dought, as was supposed at the time, which has since Proved to be the case, by the friends of General Walker. She is commanded by Capt. Coughlin. The sailing of the Fashion, on the 14th of November, is thus announced in the Mobile papers, under the marine “Kivm—enmer Fashion, Coughlin, Greytown (Nica 7) by J. Hessee & Co. Fashion came up the bay on Tharsday night, and iter anchoring nearly opposite Catfish, Wok on board al who were destined for Nicaragua, together with supplies vf food, ammunition, materials and other things, and with them proceeded on her way. The following is the freight !\st of tho Fashion, as given atthe Mobile Custom Houre:— Pickaxes.. Silk, thread, neodles art pine, Madicine, boxes 8; k>g Dork, bbls... Beef.... * Aseorted groceries 400 Rice, tierces. ou oe She wax reported to be very heavily laden, her guards almost touching the water. ‘Ann very heavy gale had been blowing in the Gulf of ‘Mexico previous to Walker's sailing, some fears were en- tertained that his heavily laden boat would not survive; but all anticipations of that character are now dispelled by the announcement of her arrival at her destination. Vari- ous and vague were the rumors as to what that destina. tion was. Some raid he was going to Ynoatan t avail himself of the troubled state of affairs there. Others that he was bound fur Hayti to aid the Dominicans against the sovereignty of lis pulssant Majesty Faustin the First. Bat Waiker, like Louis Napoleon, believes in his star, and the star rested over Nicaragua. When the news of his departure reached Washington Secretaries Cass, Floyd and Attorney General Toucey held ‘9 burried consultation, and determined to telegraph the United States Marshal at New Orleans to send the revenue cutters in pursuit of bim, But the outters, if they gave chase at all, must have been out-distanced by the little craft, dowbly laden and unfit for sea as she was. Messrs. Molina and Yrisarri hastened to the State Department for information, but Gen. Cass could not enlighten them. The Navy Department expressed great confidence that Walker would be overtaken and wrought back; but wo must have faster cutters for the filibusters. The ordina- ry craft is not smart enough for them. Mr. Buchanan is quite incensed at the carclasaness of the officials of the government at New Orieans and Mobile. He has marked his displeasure of the coarse of the United States District Attorney at New Orleans, Mr. King, in permitting Walker to go on such light bail, by romov: ing him from office. It i# said that there is no foundation for the report that the President is about to send Genoral Lamar, of Texas, as minister to Nicaragua to arrange af- fairs there, We have it on the authority of the Richmond ‘South that Gen, Lamar had informed tho Washington oor respondent of that journal, that ‘ he had not been inform. ed by the President of any intention to transfer him to the Nicaraguan embassy.’ ‘The Star of the Woet, which will be due here on Wed. pemiay, will bring the detaile of Walker's landing at Panta Arenas. They will be highly interesting. The news, however, of the succeeding California steamer will be looked for with much anxiety. It is probable that she will bring intelligence of Walker’s firet dash on some of the forts on the San Juan river; and the result will tell of what kind of metal his men are made. SKETCH OF AFFAIRS OF CENTRAL AMERICA—SPANISH AND ENGLISH INTRIGUES—THF MISSION OF 81R WIL- LIAM GORE OUSELEY—WALKER'S EXPEDITION, ETC. 10 THE KDITOR OF THE HERALD. Wasmnarow, Dee. 12, 1857. ‘The appointment by England and France of Ministers to Central America, where they have heretofore only had resident Consuls, has caused much speculation, and given additional interest to the already complicated affairs of these Btates. That the principal object of these missions ig to counteract the inftuence of the United States in that quarter seems to be generally conceded, but the manner in which this is to be effected is not so well understood. A review of the affairs of these States, be- ginning with the date of the charter granted by Nicaragua to the American Ship Canal and Transit Company, will, I think, enable us to solve this problem. T had been for a long time evident to British agents in Ceatral America that Nicaragua, the most important of these States, was incapable of self government. Her his- tory for the last twenty-five years proved this, as most in- teligent Nicaraguans admit. England, conscious of the speedy dissolution of the Nicaraguan community, sat up the Mosquito King, took possession of San Juan del Norte—the most important port of Nicaragua—in his name, and gaye him nominal possession of nearly one-third of her (Nicaragua’s) territory. The charter granted to the American Ship Canal and Tran- sitCompany, and Mr. Squier’s treaty with Nicaragua, alarmed Mr. Thos. Manning, acting British Consul for Nica- ragua, who wrote to his government that “if something were not speedily done, the whole country would soon be overrun by adventurous Yankees, to the very great preju- dice of British interests.” Mr. Squier’s treaty, by which an intelligent English resident of Nicaragua declared the United States “had us on the hip,” was not ratified by our government, apd the Clayton and Bulwer arrangement bound the United States not to colonize nor , Whilst it left the Englian in quiet possession of what they had, and at perfect liberty, in the name of his Majesty the King of Mosquitia, to extend their possessions. ‘This was one step gained, but it was not enough. ‘The governments of Nicaragua, Honduras and San Sal- vador were in the hands of the Liberals,” a party de- cidedly in favor of Americans, whose institutions they were trying to copy. This party cordially invited Yan- Koes to settle among them, and held out many induce- ments to them todo so. The country in this way might be “overran” by individual enterprise. It was known that President Cabanas, of Honduras, was anxious to seo the couniry Americanized. How should this be prevented? Messrs. Chatficld and Manning, with a perfect know- ledge of the country, were not long in solving this pro- biem. They knew that there existed in these State a par ty sympathising With European institutions and opposed to everything American. This party, ‘‘the servile,” held, but with a feeble grasp, the governments of Guatemala and Costa Rica, It had never been the policy of England to support any party in these States; her aim had been to create dissensions among them, witha view to weaken and finally absorb them, under one pretext or another; but now that ‘there was danger from adventurous Yankees, it became necessary to change her policy, and strengthen, counsel, support and extend over the other States that party opposed to the Yankees, be cause the hatred of this party to Yankees, on account of their principles and religion, their despotic system of government, their custom of monopolizing nearly every profitable branch of industry, would ever prevent the settlement of any considerable nimber of Americans among them. The government of Guatemala and Costa Rica must then be strengthened, and their principles ext ed over the other States. Costa Rica, in want of funds to consolidate her government, was sup- sey by one of Mr. Manning's old associates in business. ¢ Jesuits, who had been expelled from Guatemala, were recalled and reinstated, and thus their powerful influence and aid secured. An attempt to fasten a “servile” go: vernment upon the people of Nicaragua in 1854 resulted in @ bloody civil war, Honduras took sides with the people of Nicaragua, and Guatemala invaded Honduras. Costa Rica allowed an expedition in aid of the “serviles’’ to be gotten up in her territory, a8 also liberal refagees to be caught and taken from ber territory by “servile”? bands, anu shot in Nicaragua. About this time a new agent for the extension of ser} viliem made his appearance, in the person of Senor Cont Minister Plenipotentiary of her Catholic Majesty Queen of Spain—the first Minister that Spain had ever had here, and induced then, no doubt, by the same fears that actu: ated Mr. Manning. Spain doubtless recollected that Cuba lies directly in the way between New York and gva, and if that country should be overrun by rous Yankees, as Mr. Manning feared it would be, the Gem of the Antilles would aecessarily be their next feld of adventure. Renor Con! established himself in the city of mala. Young, active and intelligent, be seemed to infuse new life into the old servile party. Qurrera, an ignorant In an, who had held military sway over Guatemala for several years, was created Captain General of Guatemala, Knight of the Grand Cross of Gandaloupe of Mexico, Knight of the Grand Cross of the Military Order of Pope Gregory the Great, Knight of Leopold of Belgium, Presi- dent vitaloiso (for life) of the republic of Guatemala, with the power to name his successor, create utiles of distinction, and to propose to his Coun cil all laws. It was determined also to put down the Liberals of Honduras and Nicaragua, according- ly @ formidable expedition was planned. Senor Ooni then left for Costa Rica, to see if President Mora was ready for reforms—as the recent changes in the government of Guatemala were called. After mature deliberation it was deemed prudent for President Mora to await until servil ism should be established in the intermediate States of Nicaragua, Hooduras and San Salvador. He remained a short time in Costa Rica, hi the people upon the nobleness and dignity of the Spanish race, tho excellence of its institutions, the pny of its laws and custums, contrasted them with the moral depravity and irreligious barbarism of the ra- pacious and ever grasping Yankee nation; exhorted them hot to forget the noble race from which they had descend. ed, to preserve their noble language, time honored cus- toms, and, above all, their holy religion, [ror contamina- tion and insult by the barbarous heretic: of the North. He sininye Su Guatemala via. San Salyuior, everywhere About this time Walker reached N car tia and entered the service of the liberals; for, findiny theriselvea unable to withstand the ge ES ay them, beset on the one hand by the serviles of , And on the other by the of Gi ‘States—abame on her ignorance of Central American poli- tics!—had, through ber Minister, thrown her moral weight against them, they had invited him to the couatry, choos ing, as they said, rather to he governed by who were republicams, than the servile of their own nation. Walker and the Liberals take the city of Gra- nada, the stronghold of the serviles, just ae Car- rera (ulshes the conquest of the liberals jaras, and fete up a servile rnmont there. The trenty of peace is signed at Graa + orale Corral and Walker, Ld which Don ? President and ‘alker commander in raguan army. Rives incites foreigners to settle in the country, and emi gration commences. twithetanding all that hae been done, shall Mr Mar-ing’s fears yet be verified? Mr. Manning ant Sr. Cont ‘are not dismayed. The Iatter fels Out preaching a fecond crusade through Guate. San Salvador and Conte Rice. nt Manning, bee tor at writing than spoaking—besides he did not yet wis to “chow his hand’'—writes letters to Guatemala, Conta Rica, San Salvador and Hondaras, indicating and advising what ought to be done under ciroamstances. The Aishops of Guatemala and Costa Rica take up the sub- ject and declare that a war of extermination against the Yankees of Nicaragua is imperatively we preserve their boly religion and prevent the lish. ment in their midet of the accursed Protestant ism. An clection is held for President of San Salvador, and Don Rafael Campos, a friend and tool of Carrera, is elected, through the influence of the church. The decroes of the bishops of Costa Rica and Guatemala are taken up by the inferior clergy, and a veritable crusate ts hed in every elty town anid the country. Very fow \d be found es mixed and degenerate races ‘ntral America will to enlist under the Holy Banner of the Cross, The itral American alliance was, however, formed, and some four or five thousand miserable Indians of Guatemala, Honduras and San Salvador were hunted down, tied in many instances, till they ar rived in Nicaragua. One-half of them deserted be fore they tame in sight of the filibusters. These, with such as Costa Rica pressed into service, and a fow Nicaraguans ly ht and compelled to serve, were su 10 starve Walker and. his filibus him to leave the country. ters ont and 1 An election for Presi it is held in Ni i Nan ‘alk Martinez, a servile, is ected; for the liber and Hamiliated on account of their connection with er, now that itis said he intends to return, durst not show their heads. Servilism is now triumphrnt throughout Cen- tral America, The plans of Messrs. Chatfield and Manning have thas successful be far proved , but much yet remains to before servile are firmly established in Ni , Hondaras and San Salvador. Great caution & rising of the liberals in these States. Besides, these, ‘med servile questions may be heard and "iedied. Perhaps an em- pire on the plan of the German may be found ne. comsary in order and rpetuate the institutions tou! would — be‘considered 1 pursue, Mr. Chatfield hae left and Mr. Manning ig absent in London ps Shey od ‘A special minister to Central America, Sir,William Gore Ouscley i# “espatehed there by way ‘of Washington to create the impression that thers is no boys Ape and that England i dispose! to cede to the United States the lead in the arrangement of Central If the United States will but adhere to and continue an Belly and Senor Corti the internal arrangement of their existing govern. ments, it will matter little what course «he may after, warda take, So far as American onterprise—except, por: haps, the Transit—is concerned, these States will be as effectually closed as is Japan. The impression that there is an understanding betwoon Martinez and Walker is entirely fallacious. The next mail from the Isthmus wil) bring the intelligence that Mora and Martinez are fighting side by side against Walker. Any other course would, as they very well know, prove the downfall of both, as well as of al! tho servile party of Central America. RANCHERO VIEJO. AMERICANS IN NICARAGUA-—-NONE UNDER THE NA- TIVE RULE. TO THR EDITOR OF THE HERALD. It ig eaid that the filibuster expeditions against Nicara- gua will prevent the peaceable settlement of Americans there. If so, why was it that at the date of the first cx- pedition there were not over half a dozen Americans in the State, except those in business along the Transit route, and of this half dezen there were bit two or three that could be said to be settled there, and only one solitary plantation owned by Americans; while there were thousands of old estates growing up in weeds and bushes, the Janis of which are as good as the world affords for the cultivation of sugar, rice, corn, coffee, tobacco and cocoa, and which might, at any time for the last fifteen years, bave been purchased for lees than the original cost of the improve- ments upon them? Why were not many of these places: already occupied by Americans? Rice, corn, beans and sweet potatoes are easily produced, and of the two former two crops # year—while their market price was far bettor than in the city of New York. Avy one practically acquainted with the country would answer, because the causes that have produced the decay of these once flour- ishing estates still exist, and would continue to act alike upon the foreigner and the native. These are, first, the anarchy that reigns throughout the country. Secondly, the general policy of the rulers. Thirdly, and to some considerable extent the result of the other two, a general scarcity of laborers. These causes must ever prevent any considerable number of Americans from attempting to settle in the country. As well might the first settlers of Virginia have attempted to develope the resources the country under the government and policy of the Inaian chief Powhattan as for Americans to attempt the developement of the re. sources of Nicaragua under the government and policy of the hybrids that rule there. In fact, the government of Powhattan had the advantage of being a stable one, while that of Nicaragua is as changeable as the phases of the moon. During the last eight years they have had twelve Presidente in State, and about four years of civil wa and since their independence they have had, on an ave- rage, a “revolution” (civil war) every threo years, Let us for the sake of illustration trace what is called a “revolution,” through its ordinary course. A defeated candidate for the Presidevey gets a few of his friends together, a few hundred dollars, a few old muskets, and raises the standard of revolution. A class of men known as ‘“‘revolutionaries,’’ who, at such times, manage to fill their pockets with what they are enabled to extort from Nap gener inbabitants; ride fine horses, pressed,and with the privilege of pressing others when they want them; keep game cocks and women, and for the time being are men of consequence and feared by everybody— these immediately flock to bis standard. Escorts are now ent out to press men for soldiers, and horses for the use of the officers, and to mount the cavalry. In the mean- time a provisional government is formed, and a decree issued demanding of the property holders money to pay current expenses. A committee is appointed to aasess their contributions, as they are called, followed by an es- cort to enforce immediate payment. The legitimate government is obliged to resort to the same means to raise and support an army, for she has seldom a dollar in ber treasury or a soldier to serve her, except he be pressed, for she only offers two dimes per day, without either rations or clothes. Besides, her soldiers are geuerally on half pay, whilst ordinary laborers receive from two to four dimes a day and their board, This state of affairs soon brings everything that requires hired |abor toa perfect stand stull, for the laborers are either canght to make soldiers of, or driven into the woods to escape being caught. Contributiens continue in thix way; the property holders are soon stripped of the product of their labors, in the interval of peace that the country bas enjoyed since the last revolution; then they are compelled to make great sacrifices to meet the con staptly increa- ed demands upon them, for just as the war becomes more and more obstinate and protracted, #0 do these exactions become more and more frequent and peremptory. When a property bolder is unable apy longer to meet the demands upon him, bis property is em- bargoed, and perhaps himself thrown into prison. — Ever: thing that can be turned into money or be in any rendered serviceable ix oved, aad an overseer placed over the balance to endeavor to make something out of it for the benefit of the government, if the war continue, it may be found necessary, in or- der to raise funds, for the governmentto extend its mo- nopolies, so as to include the sale of dry goods, groceries, prgrisioas, ke, Adecree is issued accordingly. The jolders and venders of these are informed that the go verpment will receive their several stocks in trade, and give them receipts for them at a fair valnath These re ceipte, if they be given by the eventually triampbant vovernment, are worth about fifty cents upon the dollar; but if they be of the defeated party, they are worth no thing at all Where, lask,is the American who will be content to settle down upon « farm and subject himself to the tneon veniences, exactions and insults above adverted te? and [ assure you they are far short of what actually occurs. Bet, says one, the United Stat ould pot permit one of her citizens to be treated in that way. Why, sir, before an American ean possess real estate a Nicaragua, be must, 80 far as it is concerned, renounce the of bis government, which fact is specified in the deed to the property, a copy of which is preserved in the government archives. Where is the American farm er who is willing to go to work and clear a farm in Nicara gua, and then give one-tenth of ite products to the church , besides about three per cent more to the local clergy? If he refuses to do this he cannot get laborers, for they will not work where they cannot have the benefit of the confessional provided they be suddenly taken ill; and the clergy maintain that servants upon farms that refuse to pay their church dues shall not have the benefits of the confessional whilst they remain there, Resides, the owner of such an estate would be morally considered an outlaw, and, were be native, would be publicly declared #0, by being excommunicated —the most terrible punishment, except the gallows, that can be inflicted upon ® native—for his frieuds, neighbors, and even his own fyeity dare not speak vo him, remain under the same roof with him, nor even give him a mor- sel of bread—not a cup of water, though he were actually perishing for the want of them." — RANCHERO VIEJO. COSTA RICA AND THR UNITED 8TATES. TO THR EDITOR OF THK HERALD New York, Deo. 12, 1867. No doubt the people of Costa Rica feel much aggrieved that the United States government was unable to prevent the escape of Walker and bis filbusters. In order w seo the justice there ia in their complaints, let us suppose an expedition of similar relative force to be projected from thelr country for a like purpose, and then consider what power their government would have to prevent ita cecape. The population of the Vaited States is some 26,000,000, and that of Costa Rica is suppored to be rome 360,000, and the territories of the two countries bear perhaps a somewhat similar proportion to each other. Walker's men in the Fashion are said to have bee near 40) in namber. gThe “rule of three” will give as the strength of an oxfedi- on of like relative force from Costa Rica, thue— 26,000 000 : 400 ; : 400,000 : 5 7.13, oF a little more than five and a half men. In round mambers we will call it six men. Now we would ask, what probability there is thatthe government of Costa Rica coald prevent the escape from its extensive coasts oe well planned ceerat ‘expedition of #ix men, ially if @ small part ir own were favorable v0 iv It is very Crideat that the J wm 4 of their doing it would be too small to furnish any well grounded cause of complaint in case of failure: THE LATE TREATY BETWEEN THR UNITED STATES AND NICARAGUA—SPRCIAL MESSENGRE FROM SENOR YRISSARRT. ; Pa ap 4 Cronica, New York, 2. Don pioceate Tacayo left for Nicaragua as it of despatches of his Minister, Senor D. Antonio Jose de Yri earri, to the government of that repubiic. The said dee. paches contain, as it seems, the treaty the Minister of Ni caragna lastly’ concluded with the government of the United States, as soon aa it became known that Walker had lett New Orleans with his armed expedition for re- establishing his domination over Central America. Muc! bas been written as to the tenor of that treaty, every body giving his opinion as to which are or may be the bases upon which it has been founded. Without giving full eredit to so many rnmors, some conjectures concern ing the most important point of it may be formed with out great risk of error. The telegraphic news of Wash. ington gave us to understand that, by the new treaty, the ernment of the United States eng: fteelf to main tain Anglo-American forces sufficient for preserving the neutrality of the Transit route and for keeping it open for all nations. Thiv is the rumor, which seems to ua to be confirmed ax fully as’ the mysterion of diplomacy allow it, by the very words of the lent of the United States iu his message to ‘The firet of the republic deems it to be his duty “ totwke care that all the communications across the Isthmus shall not be interrupted, either by invasions from our ceuntry or by wars between the independent States of Central He states that under the treaty with New the neutrality of the Isthmus of Panama,” and he recommends toCongrese the paseage of an act the President, in case of necessity, to employ the and naval forces of the United States to carry into effect this guarantee of neutrality and protection.”’ " He imme- diately continues —‘ | alee recommend similar | for the security of any other route across which we may Ly td panes ad which calls for the of the land and naval forces of the United States on the transit of the San Joan river In order to judge with more certainty of the conve nieney of incon ven of the protectorehip allided to, of whose existence there will be no doabt, (for as soon as Sr. Lacayo will have arrived in N! made known,) old matters whic! various ways been related must be called to mind. Nicaragua and Costa Rica are actually in war, if not on the field of battie, at least 60 Mand in their offic! correspondence, Since the expul of Walker Cote Rica has been greatly dingusted with the conduct of allied sister republic, Nicaragua refused to sign the vention by which Walker had been permitted to leave country without being punished, and taking himself air of baving capitulated with the Lieutenant of Marys. Costa Rica and Guatemala had to pay the penses for the transport of the filtbusters, the first paying two, and the latter one third of them, Hence the origin of the actual difterences between the two countries. Later, Costa Rica to Messrs. Webster & Harria the Transit Ld for the Isthmus, it is true, that republic never in any way interfered we. eas roms, bus he government of Nicaragua 7 ized her to conclude a transit treat} for itee! the right of ring it ‘erwardh "hen Cota Rica sont General ua for obtaining tion of the contract with Webster and Harris, SD. Varraga arrived at the same city for the purpose of soliciting the ap] of another entered into in New York between the Minister of Ni Yrissarri andthe Anglo-American Company, Company of tbe Maritime Canal between the Atlantic and Paci The government of Nicaragua decided for tho Sr. Parraga, conrequently putting aside that of 7 , together with all the advantages for that re- public. The government of Costa Rica irritated by that pro- cedure claimed its rights ou the Transit route,on the cround of Costa Rica bordering yy the river —her river frontier comprising the whole right bank of the San Juan river up to the UG rapids, or Castillo Viejo, being, to say, almost two thirds of the whole course of the San Juan, the most petent in this matter are of the opinion that these are in fact the boundaries of Costa Rica, and if it were so her reclamations would be entirely justified. Moreover, she alleged, to the mortification of Nicaragua, that the go- vernment of that republic bas never been nor actually waa able to defend the it route, an open entry for all kinds of filibusters who would come back to take posses- ion of the key of the Isthmus, threatening, whenever and howsoever the: publics, “thoae wi 0 ag says Mr. Bu- chanan, “which may not feel themselves able to assert and vindicate their rights,’ Nicaragua acknowledged the importance of the of Castello Vieje, for it coded it to Costa Rica for twenty years, in order that she might defond it at her own coat; and as it is easy to pags from one concession to another, Costa Rico, encouraged by the cession of Castillo Viejo, demanded that of the fortress of San Carlos, at the junc- tion ef the river with the lake. weighty reason to suppose Nicaragua, always inclined to grant fier exigencies, because the government of ber ally had been, £0 to speak, created under her influence and by the efforts of her Envoy, General Canas, But her second de- mand having been roundly refused, she disavowed the government of N) ua, the work of her own influence. Neither Martinez nor Jerez was allowed to accede to a similar demand, The time of the government of Prosi- dent Rivas had passed; an honorable but weak man, ho was badly counselled by his allies and friends, who did nothing but abandon the country to foreign ‘invasion. Martinez, chief of the legitimiris, and Jerez, that of the democrats, represented the two great influences of the country; and, being united, their government —— whatever strength could be expected under such circum- stances. The peaceful means of obtaining possession of the fort of San Carlos having failed, Costa Rica sent Colonel Canty to take it by force. Surrounding it and stopping the — tion or the river, Colonel Canty hoped to make it su within a short time, but Senor Cuaresma, the commander of it, believed himself to be able to defend it vietoriously. However, things have not yet come to an open breach in the waters of the San Juan river. Thus, Nicaragna and Costa Rica bad sufficient time for reflecting on their situa- tion, and for fear of the common enemy they submitted their difference to the arbitration of the neighboring re- public of San Salvador. The chief cause of the dissension—the contract with Messrs. Webster and Harris—will disappear for want of ene of ite principal conditions being fullilled: the consent of Nicaragua, without which Costa Rica cannot execute the contract. Besides, we are given to understand that a new minister for Nicaragua is to arrive promptly at Washingwu, with the mission to carry out, together with the government of the United States, the measures projected for the security of the Iethmus and the Transit route, to which the President in his Message made so distinct an allusion We profit of this epportunity to currect an error wecom- mitted in the opinion of sume friends of Sr. Yrisarri, by stat that (thad been iatended to take away from him his credentials. This has not been the case, nor, as his friends believe, ever will be, THE FRENCH VIEW OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND ITS COMMERCIAL RELATIONS. (Translated from Le Journal des Debata of Paria, of Nov. 22.] Honduras occupies that portion of the Central American coast which lies opposite w the Caribbean nea, enclosed , so to speak, in that vast extent of territory which formed the ancient vice-kingdotn of Guatemala, lying on and is one of the five Central American republics whowe ophe meral confederation was unable to wi those domes. tic dissensions which incessantly distract the small Span- inh republice. The whole extent of the five republies— Guatemala, San Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica—does not exceed 400,000 square kilometres, with a population of about two millions of inhabitants, made up of whites, negroes, Indians, and 4 mixed race, '!.0 latter being predominant. What we stated of the geograph: countries sufficiently indicates the advantages they will offer in a near future, their numerous porta oa either ocean constituting much prized sitnations Honduras in particular possesses on the At lantic ocean, in the bay which bears her name, the porta of Omoa, Puerto Cabello, Truxillo and Car Different water currents will one day or another also fa- cilitate bere the junction of the two oceans; for, with th» exception of Panama and Tehuantepec, this country form + the moet narrow of that series of isthmuss which, run ning from Vera Cruz to the Gulf of Darien, extend over the continent of America. This part of Central America is favored with a soil of ir! ae Costa Rica had ano:her ical position of these paritla, hides, gold, silver, copper, iron, marble, sulphur, salt, and all kinds of raw products, are there in abundance, or may be produced with astonishing facility. Nature, ‘with a bountiful hand, has lavished her riches here; and the arms, and perbaps also to a certain degree, the will of the imhabitants, are Wanting to gather these treasures of to work the sources from which they spring; and it mast be conferred that the descendants of the proud Spanish con- poe the companions of Pedro de Alvarado, who sub. ued Honduras, about the your 1626, have, till (he present day, done very little towards availing themselves in these couptries of the elements of prosperity with which Proyi- dence has so plentifully endowed them. However, maritime commerce has now found out the road to them. But a short time smee their commercial relations (with the exception of the Briush establishment of Relize, called Britiah Honduras) were almoxt insignificant. Only @ few ships went there from port to ag hy be sell a partof cargoes. Theee expeditions place only at certain epochs and at certain localities where Were existed considerable art) po yy of Central are hott on the Pacific and AUantic oceane, from Burope and ‘America, and Coasts are frequently visited by Now, the total amount of transactione carried on hy Eng- lish traders with Central America iv the year 1856 bas been estimated at 12,810,000 francs; not compruing therein their operations (amounting almost to a like sau:) with Belize, ® British €nclored in Yucatan, which i# always completely suptiied with english articles. w with French goods brought in English ships from New York, Havana, or our own ports, and from the Hanteatic and Dutch depots. Have our maritime merchants sot sufficiently appre- ciated the resources ¢ffered by Central America for the sale of our merchandise, to let themselves be overtaken: to such a degree, even ards the tale of our specific products, by the marine of its Ree ey St is true, the difficulty of finding at all times sufficient home freights must have contributed to keep our commerce away from the Central American ; but this obstacle, which did not frighten away the English, is disappearing moreand more, plantations of sugar, coffee, cotten and cochineal have attained in Central Americaa rapid de- velopement, and ft may be foreseen that before a few Fears pase these articles will be exported in quanti- es from the Central American ports. lsban ketene, acknowledge that, as regards an advantageoas commerce with those countries, the Englich will always have a posi. tive superiority over us as long as we do not receive, like them, in free exchange for certain staple articles as sugar, coffee, ke., or at least with vory moderate duties, the products and raw mater hich those countries, eeseu ally agricultural, and wi it any manufacturing indus- try, How produce Besides, it must not be overlooked thet thie je an indiepensable condition of any considerabie maritime commerce with both Lndies. The productive riches of each of the five Central American republics may be =pecitied summarily thus — Gustemals--Cochineal, vanilla, sareayarilia, Indian corn, and ® quantity of cacao; that of the joy med of %0- comesco being of such a ety? quality that formerly it was reserved for the use of the King of ‘hpain solely Costa Rica—Precious woods and coffee. Has very rich mineral mines. Nicaragua—Tobaceo, Peruvian bark, (quinquins,) vege- table suet, cattle and hides. Has also mines, San Salvador—Consideradie production of indigo, Peru- yated for want of hands, although the of San Falvador is reported to be laborious.) silver mines at San Miguel, and iron mines at Metapan, Honduras has fine pasturage and all the agricultural pro- dnote before specified, with h. Ky 2, gt cochineal, marble, jasper, sulphur, ‘pesides, ie in jon of rich and silver several of which, T, is of inferior quality, iN be allowed, magnificent elementa of area, and fertile sources of a considerable maritime trade Resides, the Central American States, although of a very limited population, consume rere a Pan) deal of Eu. ropean Lynn op a Frene! Whatever they have brought of tHeir own manufacture to, or what. ever they wanted of Puropenn articles from foreign com. merce, hae, to agteat part, been concentrated in the de. pot of the British colony at Relig, ‘The question now for us is to nequire a of this commercial move. tment, Which cannot Mail to increase. Rv stipulating for our vessels ‘a the parts of Hon tusae the treatment the na.