The New York Herald Newspaper, August 23, 1857, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, RDITOR ND PROPRIETOR. QPTICE H.W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU BTS to servers 7 00 come IL} USSALD, coory. etude, 5 5G cones a) oY Srot Claw ee TS Pasa, AMILY AERALD, every Wetnesday, at (our conts par I prer onemsam 1 ARY (CARE PONDENOB, ¢ yuarter 24. Tai saree write from ut guarter of the world be Me ray pard for mgrOue Foxman Oomuss: aus Pau a gh Smarestmr +o Seat al: Larvems axp Passage xr Us LICR takem oF cnonymeus sorrempondencs. Ws do not ore resected. LB PRINTING axeowted with meainens, chanpneet and de POTD YRRTIREM RETR ronment ) aedportisaments ine wore torte! im the Weexty PERALD, FaMiky HmzsiD, and im the Qaliforiia and Ruropam Bditions Weiume KKM.............. = = ae AMUSEMENTS TO-MORROW EVENING, MIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway Traut Rora Fasts—Fiona AD ZerS7R—SOLDIEH FOR LOTE. BOWERY THBATRE Bowery—Gussirvs—Wiervr Mva- pER—Vision or TRE Dea. BURTON'S THEATRE. Prostway, opposite Bond si - Iranian Orera—Linda 01 Cuamousic. LAURA KEENB'S THRATRE, way—Faint Haaar Reevn Wom Fasu Lapr—Boccn 3: p—Inisu Teron. NUNS AMERIOAN MUSEOM Broadway—Tir Boccs —Ouniosizias, 40. Brave Basy—Dissoiving Views KREOHANION HALL, 472 Bresdway—Naczo MaLopise &c.—Axana SrontTs—Br Baraxr’s Muvsramis, ~~ Wew Work, Sunday, August ‘The News. ‘The steamer Anglo-Saxon is fally due at Quebec, with four days later European news. Her arrival is anxiously awaited, as she will doubtless bring some intelligence of the progress of the Atlantic telegraph expedition, the result of the great race | between the steameis Vanderbilt and Atlantic, and highly important news from India. With regard to | the telegraph expedition, it is stated in our despateh from St. Johns that the weather at that point con- tinued mild, with light westerly winds —weather es- pecially favorable tor the success of the work of Jayivg the submarine cable. The St. Louis Republican of the 20th inst. says— “The official returns make the election for Governor | of Missouri so close that only when the last county isheard from can the result be announced. We | ganizers and all nigger agitators within or with- | publish this morning official retarns from ninety- eight counties, and unofficial reports from nine | other counties, in all of which Stewart's (dem.) | majority foots up three, with Ripley and Dunklin to hear from. These two counties gave Buchanan 453 votes and Fillmore 142. In the election for Governor last year they gave Polk 465, Benton 142, Ewing 122—or 201 majority for Polk (dem.) over both his competitors.” An investigation was held yesterday into the cir- cumstances of the affray between Henry Wagstat! and Theodore 8. Nims, on Friday night, at No. 480 Broadwe jef account of which was published in yeste The testimony clearly proved t in shooting,lis antagonist, acted | in eeif delence. Nims was consequently discharged from custody. Fall particulars may be found in | ther column. j » hoot and shoe shop in the basement of the Howard Hotel, corner of Broadway and Maiden lane, wee yesterday the scene of a murderous assault. It appears that the shop was the property of partners named Regan and Virtu. They qnarrelled about sowe business affairs, and in the course of the dis- | pute Regan seized a hammer and dealt Virtu several Bevere blows on the head, fracturing the skull. ‘Virta was conveyed to the hospital, and is not ex- pected to recover. Regan was arrested, and is now in prisea. The Commissioners of Health met yesterday. The , port and city continue unusually healthy. Several applications were made by the captains and owners of vessels to be allowed to come up, which were re ferred to the Health Officer. Some confusion seems | to have originated with regard to a certain deputy’s | duty, and the matter is being investiga‘ed; but unti it is settied we think the individual in question ought to be restrained from levying charges for visitation, which he is not authorized to collect. The | Board promises to take action on the matter. We shail see. In our columns this morning will be fonnd a de- scription of the encampment of the cadets at West Point, which, owing to a press of matter, has been heretofore crowded out. The details of the parades and drills are given in full, together with a descrip. tion of the amusements of the cadets, and other in- teresting matter connected with the Point. We also give an account of the experiments made at West Point inst week to test the adaptability of the various inventions of breech loading firear:as. The details and resulta are interesting, as showing the progress made in the manufacture of these weapons. In another part of to-day's Hexarn will be found & graphic account of the New York Methodist camp meeting at Turner's, N. J., which closed yesterday, together with « history of the origin of these meet” ings It will repay perueal. Our usual weekly sammary of religious intelligence is also given. The City Inspector reports 700 deaths during the past week—en increase of 64 as compared with the mortality of the week previous. The diseases inci- dent to children at this season of the year are the cause of this large mortality, as compared with cor- | responding periods in previous years. The prevail- | ing fine weather, however, will no doubi lead toa | speedy favorable change. The following table ex: | hibits the number of deaths during the past two | weeks among adults and children, distinguishing the sexes: — Mn Wome. Girls, Pat | Week ending August 15,. 68 69 219 (688 Week ending August #3.. 108 76 «317 «6240700 | Among the principal causes of death were the er Week end fever... ° Marermes (\nfantic) ‘Dropay in the besa chitia, 2 of cholera, 6 of congestion of the brain, 11 of congestion of the bowels, 7 of dibility (infantile), 87 of diarrhora, 15 of dysentery, 16 of inflamma- tion of the bowels, 7 of croup, 7 of typhus fever, 9 of booping cough, 15 of teething, « sunstroke, 9 pre mature births, 25 stillborn, and 52 deaths from vio- lent causes, including 10 drowned, and 1 from a peedie penetrating the beart. The following is ® classification of the diseases | and the number of deaths in each class of discase during the week Boves, joints, ke Aug, 16. Aug 2. Brain aad perves.. 100 Generative o- gant. 4 Heart and blood veme u Tongs, throat, £0... 1sg oid ogees 4 ® a * ons Cocertaln seat abd general fevers......... 4 Urinary Organ. ec seeee Total... seeee sees seed 700 ‘Tbe namber of deaths, compared with the o ponding weeks in 1566 and 1966, waa as follows:— ‘Week ending Aug o8, 1866 an Week ending Avg 2, 186 + Wook ending Avg 15, 1867 636 Wook ending Aug 29, 1867 HO The nativity table gives 51° natives of the United States, 84 of Ireland, 36 of Germany, 11 of England, and the balance of various foreign countries, | continued peace, order. and happiness of the | the helm; hence the continued failures of the _ NEW ‘YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, AUGUST 23, 1857. ‘The anniversary exesgines connected with the an- nual commencement of Amherst college, Mass., bave passed «ver very pieasantly. We give a full report o" the sayings and doings on the occasion. Hon. G.G. Grow and Hon. Anson Burlingame de- livered addreeses. The last named gentleman drew a crowded audience. ‘The rales of cotton yestervay embraced about 800.8 900 Dales, the market closing firm at full prices. Flour was heavy with moderate sales, closing at from 6c a l0c. por DbI. decline, especially on the common grades. Wheat was beavy for all grades except for choice lots of new Southera; Titnots oid wiater red sold at $. 48, new red Tennersee at $1 60, fair Sovihern white at $1 70, choice do a4 $180 and fair new while Qaio at $110. Corn was easier, and Weetorn mixed sol! at Sic. a 860, Pork was firm, with sales of mons at $20 75 a $25 8T4; and tn retail Jo's at $26, end at $22 for prime, Sagare were without change of moment. Tae sales embrace i about 900 & 1,000 bds, and 300 boxes, including @ portion ;of Cuba for ex: Port, Cotlee #a quiet, awail’ ng the public sale. Freights were withont charge, while engagements were light. fhe Administration of Mr Buchanan Kn- domed by the vounuy. ‘Two importaat facts, we think, have been es- tablished by the recent Southe:n elections —first, the ccllapee of Know Notbingiem; and secondly, the concurrence ot a large majority of the Southern people in support of the conserFative | Union policy of Mr, Buchanan's administration. Fiem various evidences, too, of a similar prevailing sentiment in the North, we may satcly assume that the administration is en- dorsed aud will be sustained by this section, as | in the South, against all demagogues, all disor- out the party camp. Mr. Pierce—poor Pierce—was elected almost by acclamation; yet, within a year or so, from the fine promises and “glittering generalities” of his inaugural, his overwhelming majority was frittered away, bis party was demoralized aud broken up, and the opposition forces faced him, his policy snd his administration with a hostile ar- ray, exceeding a majority of three hundred thou- sand in the popular vote of the Union. And why? Because poor Pierce, abandoning the great compromite principles upon which he was elect- | ed, proceeded to the foolish business of consoli- dating the several factions of his party upon him- self, through the division of the spoils among them The consequence was that, as with any other purely epoils administration, that of poor Pierce was speedily kaecked to pieces. The position of Mr Bucharan’s administration | before the country is widely different. Elected by the ekin of his teeth, and notwithstanding the heavy aggregate opposition majority cast aguiast the demecratic party, Mr. Buchanan bids fair to be the most popular President we have had since the time of General Jackson. With the drop ping of the popular name of Fremont as their watchword, the Northern republican party has been rapidly crmabling away. while the remarka ble results of the Fillmore movement have work- ed out the practical dissolution of the late great national Know Nothing purty. The conservative elements of both these wings of the opposition are coalescing with the conservative body of the democrats in support of the administration; and for reasons s0 broad und comprehensive that they cover all the material interests of all the pro- ductive. financial and commercial classes of the whole Union. All these material interests are looking with satisfaction and confidence to the policy deciared and the courte thus far pursued by Mr. Ba- chanan, They thus recognise in him the instra- ment required to silence the disunion disorga- nizers of both sections, and fo restore the peace and unity of the republic. Having nothing to ask of purty demagogues, cliques or trading con- ventions, Mr. Buchanan stands before us in that advautagoous attitude of independence from which the best results may be confideatly antici- pated. Hence the generous disposition of the people, and their coufidcat expectations of the country, through the wise counsels and good measures of an honest and independent man at Kansas agitators, North and South, to stir up a panic. The late Southern electiors we iaterpret as an unequivocal endorsement of the administration, | with its Kansas policy in the foreground. In | this view, the belligerent and terrible threaten- ings of such fire-eating Southern democratic or- gans as the Charleston Mercury, the Richmond South, the New Orleans Delia, and others of the ame school, are reduced to their practical value. These flerce and sanguinary ultras, in fact, are playing a very desperate game to create a diversion with reference to the | spoils and plunder of the next Presidential elec- tion, and that is all) They would have demo- lished the Union, robbed the federal treasury, and established an indepevdent Southern military | confederacy, had Fremont been elected; and now | they threaten the same fearful disasters should | Kaness be admitted as a free State But all these horrible scarecrows of blood and thunder | are only intended to frighten the weaker mem- | bere of the party, and to give these terrible | Southern fire-eaters the inside track at the next Demecratic Presidential Convention, Nothing more. To poor Pierce, deluded with the false visions of another term, all these Southern movements and devices of this sort were a matter of life and death. But Mr. Buchanan, having no aspirations himself, end no anointed heir for the succersion can afford to laugh at the folly and impotent blustering of all these flaming manifeatoes of re- bellion and their silly authors, To poor Pierce the eyuabble for the plunder between the New York bards and softs was the beginning of his road to ruin; with Mr. Buchanan the division of the spoils, asa matter of party policy has been reduced to a mere bagatelle. The masses of the people rely upon his honesty and discretion, and againet this public opinion the demoraliged fac- tionists of Tammany Hall are utterly powerless for mischief. In a word, it is neither a public daty nor » party necessity with Mr. Buchanen to make con- ceseions to threatening sectional agitators or squabbling spoilamen. But he has the power, and it is his policy, to reduce them to submission. A lorget and more potent public opinion stands at bis back than the demoralized politicians and spoilemen of the party camp. Mr. Ba- chanan is aware of this, He cannot have failed to discover that while the democta- cy, according to the test of last November are in @ popular minority im the Union of over three hundred thousand votes, there bas yet arisen a large majority of the people in support of the honest « tal administration of the democrat And Chadpwrtet pegs of duty, eal ty ond succem sogelearly gmarked out before his.» «!l the varidlis popular manifes- tations of the day, we caiMntertain,go doubt yt the future. What may be the consequences to factions or parties, Mr“Buachanan will go om in the course which he has adopted, and be will be amply eustaingd by the country to the eud. ‘The Spread of Defaications. ‘Tha case of Lawlor, the clerk of the St. Nicho- las Hotel, who was arrested on Friday for em- bezz'irg the money of his «mployers, is, in some respects, the counterpart of that of Adams, the disbon:st bartender at the Howard. The chicf Giftérerce between them in fac; was that where Adaws teok a chilling Lawlor took five doilara; though the greatest vumber of thefts committed by the former make this deficiency in his cash as large as tbat of bis aseceiate in crime. Lawlor | was a confidential clerk, it seems; some years ago, he had detected a bookkeeper in defrauding Meesrs Treadwell and Acker, and had won the esteem of his employers tor the sagacity and fidelity he displayed on that occasion; thus, till the hour that suspicion fell upoa him, he bore the very highest character, and must have been on intimate terms with the proprietors of the house. Al! this time—or at least, for several months back—be was leading a recklessly extra- vegant life of gaiety with a California widow who actually lived in the house, and taking his employers’ money to carry on the amour gallantly. If it was singular that the bartender Adams could rob his employer of twenty thousand dol- lars in drinks at a shilling each, keep a mistress and several fast horses, and be well known as one of the fastest men on “the road,” how very odd it appears that Lawlor could carry on such an affair as his under the very nose of bis employers without attracting sus picion! Sarely it argues culpable cure- lessucss in some one that nobody dreamed of the sort of life this gay yeuth was leading, We insist that inall such cases the employer «lo does not display a sensible vigilance over the moralsand hebits and connections of his em- ploy¢s ought at least to obtain no sympathy when be isrobbed. It is his business, it is his duty to himself, to his employ és, and to society, to keep as narrow a watch on the habits and the expendi- ture of all who are in his empioy asa prudeat fatber docs upon the morals of his son. When he fails in this watch, when he shows his em- ployés such confidence that crime becomes feasi- ble, be is their tempter; and if he be not an ac- complice in their guilt, he ought atleast to be told by society, when he ia robbed, that he is rightly punished. Negligence in the matter ought to be a complete bar to recovery in an ac- | tion ageinst a servant for dishonesty, Lawior, it seems, pursued a very simple course in regard to his robberies. When he wanted money, he took what was paid him by the next guest who left the house, put it into his pocket, did not enter it ia the ledger or cash book, and made it his own. Can it be that frands of this simple nature can be practiced successfully at the St. Nicholas for a period of cight consecutive months? One would suppoze that the day book, or ledger, or whatever book is appropriated to the accounts of the details of the business would be constantly checked off | by the travellers’ register, and that it would be the simplest matter in the world to detect the omission, in the former, of a name which occur- red in the latter, One can easily conceive a sys- tem of checks from the traveller's register to the day book, from the cash book to the bank book. Are none of these in uee at the St. Nicholas? When the Howard Hotel was robbed, the same looseness and want of care were made manifest. The thief sold fifty drinks, and accounted tor for- ty, keeping the balance. But how easy to check the number of drinks by the quantity of liquor in the bar! Why could not an account of stock be taken every Saturday, and the barkeeper be made to account, at retail prices, for the differ- ence between the amount supplied a week before and that on hand at the time? It is very hard, if you own stock in a railway, not to be robbed by the President and Directors It is bard to buy coal, or sugar, or many other | necessaries of life, and not to be robbed by the parties who sell them. It is hard to avoid being robbed by a man who eaws a hole through your window shutter at night, and lets himself in si- lently. But it is pot hard to save yourself from robbery by your own eervants, if you will only use a little common prudence and caution, and do them and youreelf the decent charity of watchiag closely over their babits, expenditures, and espe- cially their associations, The Future of our Kallways, A morning cotemporary, is anwilling to be" lieve that the railway eyetem approaches its downfall, and takes us to tark for predicting that, a# lucrative enterprises, all the railroads of this country will prove failures, It is of the opinion that reforms may be introduced, economies effected, farcs raised, and general im- provements made to such an extent aa to render the railways paying property as a permanent in vestment for money. We never aid that a time would come when the public would diepense with railways, or when toads would be run at an actual loms—that is to sey, when their current working expenses would exceed their current receipts. We do not share the sentiment of that worthy old fogy who fighs for the time when “them cursed railways will be done away, and we shall get back to the stages again; because we do not believe that the | public or trade can dispense with railways until | & speedier und cheaper mode of conveyance shall have been invented. Nor can we suppose for a moment that even the most intense rivalry will induce railroads to give their wares to the public at less than their worth; that isto say, to carry passengers at lower rates than will pay for wages, coal, ofl, and wear and tare of material. What we did say was that, in all human proba- bility, every railroad in the United States will become bankrupt in the course of the next six or eight yearn. There may be a few exceptions; but they will be uncommonly few. And the reason is that considering the cost of our roads, and the wise forethought with which competing lines have been constructed on covery great line of travel, it is absolutely impossible for these enter- prises to earn—not dividends upon their stock but interest on their bonds. We do not believe that, in nine roads out of ten, the earnings for the year 1858 wi!l more than cover the working expenses and the coat of repairs, We see daily reports of railway compa- nies in which the working expenses are put dowa at 50, 55, 58, and 60 per cent of the gros re- ceipte; but in every instance, if these concerns be watched, it will be found that, in a year or a0, they are floundering under an unaccountable floatiog debt of one or two millions, which they are carry- ing along at the rate of from two to three per cent a month. The fact is, the most cheaply worked road in the United States cannot be worked for 65 per cent ot its expenres, at the present rates of wages, raw materials, and commodities general- ly; and we presume that 75 per cent would be a fair average for all our roads during the coming year. Then come the repairs. In Europe, where ronde cost $200,000 a mile (ours cost $40,000), and an enterprise is considered very euccessful if it pays 4 gud 5 per cont regularly, one | But against all the foregoing catalogue of border per cent—any 25 per oont of the net earnings—are regularly eet aside every year to keep the line in repair. We make 20 such reser- vation; on the contrary our roads have been in the habit of paying in the shape of dividends not ouly all they earned, but about as much more besides, which they borrowed. We are speaking on the faith of engincers’ reporta when we ray that the two greatest lines in this State will require next year three millions worth of repairs each, or they will have to be stopped, It is so with all; in many instances, the tweaty- five per cent of tbe gross earnings which is left after working expenses are paid will be too small to balance construction account. Out of the baiance that is left will have to come first the interest om the bonds, next the dividends on the stock. We pass over the lat- ter, a8 they can be “passed” without doing any damage. But the interest on the bonds must be psid. The Erie road, for instance, haa in round numbers $27,000,000 of bonds, on which seven pee cent must be paid at the regular dates, or the road will be sold out. How can this be done when the earnings are swallowed up by expenses and construction account? We wake no distinction between the Eric and other roads; they are all alike in this reapect; noue can earn evough to pay interest on their bonda regularly, and therefore a day must come when aii will be sold ont. But what thea? Shall theg q@pase to exist? Shall they be worked at a loas? By no means; nething cf the kind is probable. The stock- holders will all be strangled; then the road, irced from their incubus, will, in the hands of the first mortgage bondholders, for the first time find itself represented by a capital on which it is poesible to earn money. The new holders, having uo siock to maintain in Wall street, will be able to devote all their energies to the business before them—that of carrying passengers and freight: they will be able to proportion fares, werking expenses, and construction account ia such a manner that if they do not make ten they may make five, four or two per cent per annum, aod be satisfied with that; they will in a word find themselves the owners of a real practical business enterprise, and not great stock sham forthe gamblers of Wall street to speculate in. This, we take it, is the future of all our roads; for some the day may come sooner, for others later; but all must come to it at last, and in most cases the sooner the better. Twenty ycars hence railroad stocks will be a thing no more speculated in or talked of than the stocks of the old turnpikes. Tar Sewarp ProGramMe ror ovr Fats, Exec- tion—Biexvine Kansas vs. New York Despo- tism.——Iu reply toour observation that the Kan- sas question will be an outside, impracticable and useless issue in our approaching State election, the 7ribune thus undertakes to enlighten us:— ‘The defeat of tho republicans, and the triumph of he Gemccrate, na they call (hemecives, would be a direct in- | dorsement of the whoie policy of the adm'nistration tn re- | lation to Kensas, It would be an approval by the State of Now York of the recognition by the a¢mivistration of Pre- sident Bochapan of the bogus border ruftian laws of Kan- eas as valid, and the detorminasion avowed so often to en- force thore lawn, It world bo a direct aj of the re- tention of the Infamous Lecumpte ta , whom evea Ficree had the decency to propose to supersede, aud ‘would be an encouragement to the vexatious prosecutions which, according 0 the latest tele, advices from Kaneat, bave becu renewed Robimson and against others.’ It would be a direct approval of that most ini- tous disribuiloniniely made ‘under tbe bogus laws, of e representation in the next Territorial Legislature, tread of which one balf of Kansss—ihe soathora half, settled almost exclusively by free State moo—bas been virtually disfranchised, while the rom distriots have deen 90 arranged as to'ailord all powsible faciiities to in- trusive voting and fraudulent returns. ‘The Congress olost le rather an odd body for any reaisfrived of Kanaae to look to for aid. On the other band, every offort is demanded to prevent the Northern demoorets 'n that body from eell- tng themsclves aud botraying the North, aa they did when the Kaneee-Nebraska bill was passed. Let the republicans be defeated in New York, and Kansas would be delivered vor, bound band and foot, to ‘the tormentors, ko , ic., Now, all, perhaps, that it is necessary to say in defence of Mr. Buchanan's Kansas policy is that he accepted the de fucto local laws and authori- tics as he found them, and that he had no other alternative. He has neither the supervisory le- gialative power of Congress nor the judicial authority of the Supreme Court. His duty is to execute the laws as turned over into his hands. roffian and bogus irregularities, frauds and plots there is the eafeguard provided in the oft repeated official declarations of Gov. Walker, that the State constitution which the pro-slavery party may adopt in September must be submit. ted to a vote of all the people of Kansas, or that he--the Governor—will do the best he can to have such State constitution rejected by Con- grees, The weight of this emphatic warning lies in the fact that Gov. Walker is known to be the ex- ponent of the exact views of Mr. Buchanan. We think, therefore, that with regard to the bogus laws and authorities of Kansas there is no need of alarm, and that with regard to the Northern democrats of the new Congress the influence of the administration will be quite sufficient to pre- vent them “from selling themselves and betraying the North.” In a word, whatever may be the charac- ter, good or bad, false or fair, of the late transactions and prospective proceedings of the pro-slavery party of Kansas, we believe that Kansas is per- fectly safe; and that if she is admitted into the Union at the coming session of Congress, or at the next session thercafter, she will be admitted asa free State. We think so, because it is appa- rent that to admit ber as a elave State will be to annibilate the Northern democracy, and to reduce the present administration to the melancholy coa- dition of that of poor Pierce. The only “selling’’ that can be apprehended of the Northern democrats of the new Congress is through that policy of throwing back to the people of Kansas the -irregular and confused proceedings of both parties of the Territory, to the end ot a reconsideration of the matter in a course of proceedings more in conformity with honesty and the requirements of the organic law. In view of this contingency, there can be no doubt of the timely admission of Kansas asa free State. No fears need be entertained in New York about Kansas, because the very existence of the administration depends upon its fair and honest adhesion to the Kansas Nebraska bill, and because a faithful enforcement of the terms of that bill will inevitably bring Kansas into the Union as a free State, In our State election, therefore, Kansas may be safely excluded from the ismues ot the can- vase; bat the high handed and corrupt measures of legislation of our last Seward Legislature oan- not be disregarded without hazarding every re- maining vestige of our municipal and popular rights in every city, town and village in the State. Popular sovereignty and municipal and popular rights in New York first, for then it will be time enough to undertake the liberation of oar distant neighbors. We must relieve ourselves of the eyetem of slavery imposed upon as by an an- ecrupulons Legislature and spoils lobby at Al- bany before we can consistently join in another how! over slavery in Kansae, This is the practical issue for our November election, aud it will not be smothered im an ya- merning hue and cry about “bleeding Kamas,” democratic treachery, administration timidity asd bogus laws aod border ruffian assesamen's, ap- portionments and elections. We have a quarrel about freedom of our own to settle; “it isa mighty pretty quarrel as it stands, aud it would be a pity to spoil it.” Evi THAYER AND THE “Keen Scenrep Yan- rrEs" IN VirarmtA —The Richmond (Va.) Exa- miner, in order to break the force of the late welcome to Eli Thayer and his free white colo- nial movement ia Westera Virginia, says: — ‘The western terminus of tho Covington and Onaio rail road was also fied, a few years ago, precisely in this ex treme corser of Vi-ginia, and the Keen scentod Yankees, sho were already in that region, cogagod tn coal mini ente y formed joint stock companies an: pong fF on speculation. Jodeed, it may be stated genorally that thia extreme westarn corner of Virginla—this narrow pe nipeula of land, twelve miles wice, lying between the Gavendotte, the Big Sandy and the Odio, and the region revad about, 's a Yaukee colony, bavivg warcely any vos: t gen left of a Virginia population, sentiment or society It ts here, In this miserable Yackee back yard or extreme western corner of Virgiaia, that the notorioas Thayer hay latoly appeared, purebased land dy admitting the Yankees Owning it aa shareholders in hia joint atook company, ad dressed the Yankers dwelling there, and gob up, with their aid, mock demonstration on paper, intended to pro- vce the’ impressicn on other portions of the Union tgno- rant of the facts of the caso, tbat be has come into our Stato to colonise it with abolitionists at the solicitation and ‘with the approval of a gesuise Virginia sentiment. Very well. If the “keen-scented Yankees” can thas buy up and monopolize one corner of the State with a hearty welcome, what is to hin- der them from thus sppropriating another corner, and another, until they get to Richmond? And why not, if these “ keen-scented Yankees,” loyal to the local institations under which they live devote themselves to increasing the wealth and prosperity of the State, hand over hand? Why not? THE LATEST NEWS. THE ATLANTIC CABLE, Whe Weather at Newfoundland, 81, Joums, N. F., August 22, 1857. ‘We continue to have floe mild weather here, with light ‘westerly wind, and confidently expect the arrival of the telegraph cable fleet at Trinity bay on or before Tuesday next. Slon-Arrival of the Anglo-Saxon. Riven DvLovrs, August 22, 1857, ‘The steamship Anzio Saxon, from Liverpool for Que bec, with four days later nows, is now about due at this point, but bas not yot made her appearance. It is very foggy on the river, though at six o'clock this morning the almosphere was quite clear. News from Washington, THE GOVERNORSHIF OF NEW MEXICO—ILLNESS OF THE POSTMASTER GENERAL AND FAM(1l.Y—APProint- MENT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS IN UTAH, BTC. Wasuincton, August 22, 1967, Abraham Renober, of North Carolina, has informed the administration of his acceptance of the Govern rahip of New Mexico. He is expected hore ina few days to re- cetve his iretructions, when he will leave for the scone of his labors. Postmaster Genera! Brown and family are all confined to the bocse with intermittent fever. He has ronteds house on Georgetown Heights, and will move there on Mondsy next. ‘Warrants were issued by Justice Hoilingshead thie even- ing sgainst a gang of gembiers and some of the spirits of the Empire Club for an attempt to assassinate Mr. Edward A. Pollard, a member of the pross and clerk tn one of the Departments, who bad struck one of them for an insulting remark on the street. I learn this evening that Rev. Mr. Meek, of Pennsyl- vapia, bas been appointed Superintendent of Indian A‘Tairs in Utah, News from Hew Mexico—Battle with the indians, Or. Lovts, August 22, 1857. Ooionel Roberts, who has arrived here from New Mexico, reports that a batile had ooourred between the Apache Indians and Colonel Miles’ command, on the Gila rivor, in which twenty-five Indians were killed and upwards of thirty wounded. Lieutenants stein and Davis,and oine privates were wounded, Colone! Miles recovered a large ‘amount of property. ‘The American State Council. Autany, August 22, 1887. Jeane C. Dann, President of the American fale Council, passed through this city to-day, on his way to atiend the Brooxlyn meeting on tho 26. Iowa Republican State Convention. Curcaco, August 22, 1887, ‘The Repubsi san State Convention met at lows City on the ‘19th inst. General K.P. Lowe was nominated for (iover- nor, and Oran Faville for Lieutenant Governor. ‘The Reported Failare of Blanchard, Sher man & Co, Bowrom, August 22, 1857, ‘The report current that Blanchard, Shorman & Co, had failed ia withovt foundation, The firm holds as strong a position as ever amoog tho substantial morchanis of Boston. Explosion of Dupont’s Powder Milis—Bix Men Anjured. Pamarmrma, August 22, 1867. We learn here through a private source of the oxplo- ‘ston of one of Dupont’s powder mills at Wilmington thie afternoon, but as yet have been unable to ascertain the full pertiouiars. Wrosaworom, August 22, 1367. One of Dupont’s powder mills exploded at five o'clock this afternoon, injuring six men. Alexis J. Dupont had One jeg broken, and was iniermaily injured. Terrible Hurricane in Wisconsin, Caicaco, Angas 22, 1867. A torriblo bur icane passed over the town of Woodland, Wisconsin, last night, destroying very house in tho place. Mr. Fox, the railroad staion agont, was ran over and tn. santly killed while endeavoring to stop a train of freight cars which the wind bad set ip motion. The telegraph lines were prostrated and the railroad track considerably damazed. ‘The James Adger at Charieston. CuARiacTON, August 22, 1867, The United States mail stoamor Jamea Adger, Captain Turner, arrived bere from New York at eight o'clock this morning. Markets, . PUILADELPMIA STOCK BOARD. Pamanmrma, August 22, 1867. Blocks heavy. Pennsylvania 5's, 84}¢; Reading Railrosd, 85%; Leng Island Railroad, 11; Morris Canal, 62; Penn- ~ on Bevraro, August 22, 1867. Flour holders are anxious te realize. Bales to day 3,000 Ddarreia, at $6 a $6 25 for extra new Ohio; $6 75 for extra Old Indiana. Wheat is unsettled. Sales to day 800 bushels, ‘at $1 28 for red Ohio, $1 8734 for white Obio and white Titinole, Prime held at $1 60. Corn is lower. Sales to-day 1,800 bushels, at 74 }¢0. a TA go. Oats are dull and nominal at 500, Prewgnts— ora to Scone Reoel pts of and fleur are improving. of corn ooo ‘Tam Qvasarrivs Syetan at Noxrorx.—In September, 1866, the schooner George Darby, owned by ©. and R. Potllon, of this city, on her retarn voyage from Cuba, put into Norfolk with some of her crew sick with yollow fever. The Captain, M. Enooh , applied to the Collector, Mr. Sawyer, for & permit his sok mea_| Im the Quarantine hospital, which, for some reason, he re- fused to grant, and tho vossol was dotained there for ten days, at great cost and inconvenience to the owners. trance to may, the samo vease! has been similarty treated recently, ander nearly the same circumstances. On her ‘way from Philadelphia to Charleston in June iaat, ® man was taken wit! smallpox, and the schooner again put into Norfolk, and permission was asked of the Collector to send him to hospital, which was refused, and the man died on board the ehip. If this case the vessel wae detained twon- ty-three days, Those facts are verified by the Hoard of Healtn, the Heaith Officer of Norfolk and others, who lave addressed & petition to Mr. Cobb, praying that the Col- lector may be inetrncted to furnish such aid ber seed this kind who dted timallpox world. not be ‘pormiued to be pried shore, and he was ently thrown overboard, with weights tad the last sondect of ‘hiss heare fm, Nene ars i that the body w ‘at high water marie ati!! unbaried. this ie ome oay ot oe ‘8 community from \afoo- ({oa. S——— Our Washington Correspondence, Wasummoros, August 21, 1868. The Opinion of the Atiorney General relative to the Maryland ‘Tho State of Maryland had s ciaim for interest on an oa Gebt, contracted during the war of 2812. The matter has been in Iitigation for come time, and the Biatc bas been ‘unable to get the matter adjusted satisfactorily. Congress passed an act for Hs settlement in 1525, but for sume cause or otber the matter failed. At the last somsicn = mew eas. (lement was directed to be made, bui doubts of ite mons. 1ng arose in the Treasury Department, and the subject was referred to the Attorney General, who has gtven en able opin ‘on in the cage, and advited the payment of the tree- ret, As there are questions in this case which will be sppiicable to other oases of a similar nature, aad as there are some now points relative to the meaning and power of Congress to legislate upos cases of this kind, will make « few extracts from this cloar, Ingical am@ learned opinion. The amount tnvolved is some $300,000, ‘The following are some of the points: — During tho war of 1812 the United States became im dedted to Marylant about a baifs million of dollars. The Principal of thes debt was paid off in various sums, at dif- nt times, between 1818 and 182%—but no interest was In 1826 Cop gross patsed an act authorizing inerom to and paid at the Treasury. This was done: no interest at ail after tho debt nad taus been extingiish- ot. Maryland Dover was satiated with ia me oon: pued to momoriatise Congress for a more ibe" ment of ber olaim, but never succeeced nti! cree of the, Inet sewion, when the act uncor consideration wes pasacd. This act requires the accounting officers to make the calculation by the foliowing rvle:—Iaterest calculated up to the timo of any pay: this interest tbe payment sball be first applied, exceed the interest due, the balance chali be applied to diminish the principal; if the payment foll tho interest the balance of interest shall not be added te the princi yal so as to produce interest.’’ Since the dispute arose, several distinguishe 1 and lead” {og members of Congress have elated (ia lettors whieh have been laid before me) that they voted for It tm the belief that ft would, and with the intent that it should, sive to Maryland all that she mow cisims under 4. The report which accompanied the bil! when it came into ie House of Representatives, shows that !t was 60 understood ‘by the committee that framed tt. There was also an ad- verse reportfrom another committee, by whom it was Opposed on the ground that interest ougbt not to be gives to the,prosent time. The evidence, in shor, makes it tole- rabiy Clear that wh'le the bill was'on its passage throng Congress, its friends and its opponents in both houses regarded tt as a provision¥or the payment on the certain construction, construction be correct, and unwarranted {f ft be In either case It is no proper ciement ef a legal j eecertain in this as in other You moat if casos, gress bas commanded you to do by taking-the {he uw, ‘and understanding thom by the estab! First of al), it must be kept in mind that, as a rule, government does not pay interest. Tae exce: this rule are found only in cases where the made under special contracts or special laws. Fay isla bot fo be plied sgulnst tse pay en against a Hi i i : i & H | i ut Hae biel | 5igeeit & iiaiaeds § # TH that a claim ought to be defeated by | of tho law against it. But if Congress of the Enited Stator under its control, whole Foglish language to away with easy to use definite terms aw litte they are not used wo will me them All legisiative grantz, whether of money or are end ooght Mo be construed strictly against thi E eet F = 5 4 & Ls i ii tht not z g ta given to Maryland tnteyeet on ber debt, and T 100K in vain enything which declares that tntorest shall be stopped before the principal shal! be paid Hotices of New Publications, BOOKS REORIVKD TO aUGueT 22, Keat'ng’s History of Ireland. Haverty's edition. My Trip to France. By the Rev J. P. Donelam. Improvisations from the Spirit, Wllkiasen. Fowlor & Wells’ Manuals. veannette; ® poem, with three portraits. PERIODICALS, Harper's Magazine Potnam's Magazine. ‘Mrs. Stepbons’ Magazine, United States Democratic Review Westminster Roview. American edition. Household Words, 4c, Tox Hretory ov [eg.anp, rrom rae E.eucese Pasiop ro tas Exoxreu Invasion, By the Rev. Geoffrey Keating, D. D. IMustrated. “From the original Gaelic and copiously annotated by Joha O'Mahoney. P.M. Haverty, Falton street. O'Consor’s Engtish vorsion of Keating's history hes Jong been noted amoncat Irish scholars for |w Inc orreowess_ ‘Tho demand for the work at this side of the Atlantic te- dnced Mr. Havorty toreprint tt, Dut unwilling to roprodece O'Connors’ blundort, he gave tho work into the haade of Mr, O'Mahonoy for revision. The latter soon found that an entirely new translation of the orginal work would be easier than the process of emondation, and im the Present edition we have the fruit of bis labors. Aas wo bave not the good fortune to ponsess a knowtedge Of the Gaclic, wo are of course unable to judge of the Iite- Falascuracy of Mr. O’Mahonoy’s translation. It bears prima Sacie evidence, however, of being carefully exocutec, and ‘the editor's own contributions, in tho shape of notes, appear to beof the most valuable kind. Like the carly bistary of Rome, however, the carty history of Ireland appears to us exceedingly apochrypbal, and at best it ls but éry reading For the descendants ef the old Miles\an races it verty’s speculation. Jraxverre, a Poem, with three Portraits, By Reow- lapins non Vinctus. New York, 1857. ‘This seems to be @ pootical satire, ombracing some Diquant family history. As we have not the koy to the story, and besides find no disposition to follow the writer ‘over such ground, we have only to say that we regret te see 80 much cleverness and humor expended upon eo ue- worthy an object as the gratification of private malice, Impnovisations rn THe Berar. By J. J. Wi- New Church Publishing jon. ‘The author of those poome ts a member of thay crasy sect who sccopt the phenomens of ant- mal megnetiom as manifestations from the spirit world, and who have resolved their insane infe- rences from them with the formula of « sew creed. If the spiritual inaptration which they boast of b® 4 all cognate to that of the postic afiatu: to which we owe this volume, we must say that they are both “ot the earth carthy."’ What wil! be thought, for instance, of the onse of these lines — . ‘He hath po scrip nor store, His eup once mantied o'er; Bat in bis hand the wine Mouldered beneath hia whine. Or the grammar of these: — Peace ia a twin that roveth round the world: Two twine 1 peace with two bright wreaths impearied, We are happy to add that if Mr, Wilkinson received his first spiritual revelations from us, be learned hie Ragfem within the sound of Bow bells, We cnnot alford to atm Against the Ribie and Lindley Marray both. ae Roors Howe Ipnoveweny. —| te a ine Be PS Basiness. Fowler & Wella. ‘Tho general tendency of publications of this sort is use- fal, bat we question whether the maxims contained tm Cheasterfield’s letters to hia son are not just as appticabie © the existing state of society bere as they wore to that or Engiand at the time they were written. The attempt to Im- fitute a code of republican manners cannot but ond tm Ailore. The ideas and deportment of a gentieman betong exclusively to m0 one age or form of politica! institutions, and the republican may not be the less « patriot becuse he as gentioman. Wo are no believers in Spartan sim- piloity, and therefore do not look upon courtly manners as the necessary type of dexpotiem. y Tre TO France. By the » J. Donelan, a Brothera, J ihe This Is @ pleasantly written account of & tour throngh France by a clergyman of & cultivated and liberal mind. Ti conveys Ina rapid but cloar manner a great doal of in formation, part the result of observation, and part ty fralt of extensive reading. To those who would unde stand socurately the present condition of Franee, we woul rocommend Mr, Doatiaa’s book, b etearas o- ++ 3) yt ue- mr et wate