The New York Herald Newspaper, August 4, 1857, Page 2

9 - NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 1857. Vupinie, ond, slnewhere wets to the public work | clove man wit ne oBh cheruere earseliy pee eoonien Hs letters are so roplote wi? useful instruction, no admi. rably calculated to benefit the came in whose in forests wo sro bere—so einguierly applicable fa most joulars $0 the present period—ibai Tam pore you will not consiter your time idly cou Bumed in lisiepiig to a pumber of the more relevant pas- pages oe o~ + Le Harrison, Gov ervor of Virgin’ by from Mount Vernon, under diate of Ostober 18, 1782 —— — Trhail take be lherty pow, my dear gir, to suggest a mat- for which wou'd (if I aca not to» whort "igived a politeia ) mark your sdmipistration as ay importa: ‘era in the aana's of this country, if it sbou d he recommended by you and adopt t by the Assembly it sas long been my deeded opinion that (he shortest, easient and least expensive comm: the vahia le and extersive o-untey, back of one oF bosh of the rivers of th'e State, whieh fa the + ppalachian mountains. Taking Detn {a putting euree ive. in a6 favorable & pointo! vic be placed in. bees om tb of the rritish tervito ry) away int by dy observed, all that tha trade must ome, it ap, ‘om tlie atatement en «loved that the Lide waters of the stsin are nearer to it by one OF than thove of the Hudson ai Albany by 176 ‘Thus mach with reavect to rival Bta'es. Let me now take ® Sbort view of onr own; ant being aware of the ojeotions which ere in tbe way I'will. ia order to contrast (hem, enu- Merate Dem, with Aiv+niages ‘he Grst acd prinelpal one Ws the unfortunate jea!ousy which ver ban auc it ta to be feared. ever will, prevail lest one part Of the Blaie eiould oblain ar advantsgeover (he other para ‘as lf the bene fite of the trade were nei ciffusive ant beneficial © all Then follow a Uain of cidicalties, namely, the; our people ace already heavi'y taxed. (iat we bare co, money: That the advantases of thia trade are remeia, that the most | the copstitution will then Will have been constructed which wiil de@iaotly reply to such enctnies as may attempt the deseoraiion of any of its provisions in the language in which Leonidas repli: d to Xerxes, dent, in this connection be usamdfal of the rer -t 164 of the late Sage of Monticeil> ta bis solicitude to confirm tae policy. which @ wo the Union of the States aad the iuternal peace of the States. The latter, as bas been seen. obser e4 ta one af his leters, “Whegesor the new Siates become e prpa lous anc 60 extended aa renily to need it, there will ne no ¢ more consenitut for al! the settlers | power to deprive them of ihe use of the Mississippi ”? Jcflerrop acted on the corroborating demonstrasions which were strikingly furnished bir irom time to time, of the (pevitable veridsation of this pretictioa, aud by autisipat tog it through masterly diplomacy, urd the measure of ‘comstances hich hae cunbined to render | bis copptry’s and his own glory by the acquisition of the slave territory of Louisiana, thing else to encear bis memory {n our affections, we owe him a debt of g atitwoe which it was ap impossibility for Without that territory aui Texas— your own brilliant actievement, Mr. Presideut—and per it me to add, rir, the achievemest of a fer sighted supe which places your pane on the im fame, in \he clorest asrociation wih thore of your two immortal predecessori—we should scarcely loday be en wirm, as regads influence io the seaie of the Union, If, indeed, wo bad noi beca jivcally,’and acnthila‘ed, long ago thumous @idorene of @ Wasbingion end a Jeferson, In a cause Which was next as near to tovir hearts as country fiseif, we can well aflord, as far a3 re- lates to that all important cause—indeed, we aro admo- ry coasiceratiou of propriety to do so—to erchew party politics entirely, to be Southerners in fact and in truth, not only for the sake of the South, bet als» for the eake of the Uvion. (Loud applause) 4s one of these acherents, yiclding to none to Odelty and ardor, but to many fa abilit, aad influcace, I find no tittle iacen. tive to my exertions in the siea ifast’ belef which I eater. tain, that tf they were at pr: I sbould enjoy their encorraging emiles, jusi clate your presidency, 4: piawe.) Mr. Presiden: dirett route for it is through ovber States, over which BOeo Wok; (hal ibe romes over whieh we have eon: ol ome distant ae e| ber of those which Jeac to Philadelphia, «loaay veo Doatreal, thar a euidic ent spirit of commerce deea no epyad- (be citivens of this Commonwealth, ard that we are, Le'ihet doing for others what tbey ought todo far themselves, art T think i bleb'y prodable that upon ths strict { the falis of tbe Greet Kana ¢ha ean be mats ad there, it wil be fond of tolmorove the navication ture ard Potomac The latter, ( am fuly per rd» the neares’ communication wilh ‘he lakes: bat the James river Delo= thr mouth of the Great Waawwhs, and forgone distance, Berbaps, unove nnd westofit, of "ef ee Loonsicer bumeey’s discovery for working boa's the etream by mechar iral powsr principally, as ri only % Fecy Jorwu aie invention fr twese ‘states in keneral, Dut aa one of trove ci the present Une tnroraple above all others for Axing i we lace d'sposed to avail ourselves “i them, & lance portion of the trade cf the Western cowairy iu the bosom of his Baie irre weably ‘To Richard Heorv Lec be wrote, under date of Moun Vernon, Dec. 14, 1.84:— The Asrem! es of Virgins and Maryland have now under consideration the extession of ihe iniand may gation of she r.vers Po omac and Jamew, and openivg & communicvion bs tween ‘hem and he Weeiern waiera Ter seeu faliy im- Dreraed wi W'the ,o'liical ne well ne tha commore'nt advania kee whch woud resul’ from the sccomp ishment of these rea! obyeoss; and Lore wil embrace the present momen to bot then. n train for exeeuli n. To David Liomphreys bo wrote under date of Mount Vernon, Juiy 25.4, Usd:— My aUentinn ts more immediately enguged in a projest whieh Tibi hig wilh great policy ax we'l as comnieretid advaate os to the Bts Ly he middle ones; tt # by rem wing obstructic end og the iland bavi csi of ouF rivera. ( bring tbe Sta us on the atmotic in cicke cinnection With those 1ormiog to ie weetward Uy mabort sud easy (rave Porwtoa. Wi bont this Loan easy conceive they will have diflereu’ views, eeparate Interests wud other connections ‘To Henry Lee be wrote under date of Mount Veraon, Jupe sib, 1.56. The adva es with whieb (he inland navigation of the riy ere Poiomac aud ames ure pregnant, mud every mind Chet reasons upon ibe wbjes, 8 8 Clear [am that it would be for the iaterest of the Westera low down the Ohio sa te Big Kanawha and ace \o bring thele produce throa,h ons of ‘ae chan nels I have named, but the way must be clearoa easy and obvious 0 thea, of © ge the ease wiih which vanv e lide Cowa (he s.cwams will give & diferent bias ty th ar taigk DE Aod acing Wheoever Jos ard to ext nded to ¢ there will be po power whict can deprive them of the ase the Mississippi * * . * . To Thomas Jeferon, then in Earope, he wrote under | date of Mount Vernon, August 1, 178¢:— We bare vo news «f inportnoce, and if we bad [sb uid hard’y de ic the way of Jeuraing it, ‘ae T divide my Lae cx tween the su erintyndence of opeatag the asvigation of our teers and attention 0 my priv ste coscerus Aud again, to the eame on the Ist of January, 1785: ~ The accounts genera'ly agree as to country between tbe walers o” Zz Big Baaver, but difer very mueh wih res distur ce between thelr sources, their caviza: ont th Amooaveriences which w yuld atten” the entung 0’ & en: a! b+ aver river; but a commnpi-a'ion ibrough ‘would be more circtitous and daBeult. bevin} extent © ascend, uulers tae latter con the or opening « commuolca’ion betwern Janes river <1 ho Great hanes or bevween the Litle Kanawera nnd Go woubrench ‘Of the Nonougabela, waicd is eaia to be very jyracscable by @ abort porare ‘To Willism Irvino he wrote, under date of Mount Vornou, Feb. 18, i798 — Coal « channel once be opened to convey the far and Peliry trom the iske* tol the eastern coan ry, is ‘would be 69 obviows we {> induce wy Opinion Bat It wont thw hor: time becrme the « aannel of conveyance for much ‘greater part of the commodities brought fron theses. ‘The trade which bas been carred on between New York quarter i Furjec. to ereat inconveniences Gom the length of ta~ communication, ths num ” fos. a ‘wih euceces I sbal: feet evel mach ol 9 mtuoe that y~u may Gnd Ume apd incieation to communi ‘aie lo me on this bend. ‘To the Ear! of Bochas he wrote: — ‘To evines that ocr views are exonnded, I take the liberty of ending you the pan of h new city, gitia ed Of the Uiog of these States, which la dasicued fo~ the por! feat government; Rod we are at this mom engaged avd far scvances in extending the in! Barvizsion of the river Polomag, on whics it sands, w thereof, throng, tract of as rich evnu Greds of miles, e xry lu the worlo; and tained ‘bat in tea years, if left undistur ved, we coumnaication by wacr witb all the Iskes por hw nd ap inierd pavigation in & few years more fro Ininad to Georgia inciuaively—part'y by cute throngs the Great bays arc soucte, and partly between vane bapks, and the maln from Albemarle Sound to the river @ Marys In a work evtitiel “ Jourpal of Travels,” by Elkanah Watson, we following extracts are to be found — JANCARY 28, 1786, At two o'elock I arrived at Mount Vernon » ith letters oc in trodue ion fro Ficzgeratd to die gremest man tb coupiry, ancient of modera v turned 10 the silo by locks aud canula at the His roind apoeared absoro-d sud dew Test owect, Pow iD exes coutemplation =* * egal Nh Also the proosbiitty tha ihe far trade from De- due “rection. be prodaced mine the followiag es rom Detro sours) ant to alexan iris, ‘an: ry miles; to Ricimond nine handred al forty three; to Fhiiade pha seven bundred and forty.one; to rt hb 4 to Montreal ‘nine places of aboul fi Bt aa traveller, io 1 wed wil the imorriacce of rein Ameriss. This im, may and in travel ir heart 1g of noting el bis greet man, be uaa f cencern was to creat a the astural ad peake, which would lien! power which the North wou d sataraily endeavor to Cortve from its affiliations proceediog from emigration ant other sources with (he West, end throngh that eyottibriam ity of the Union. Ia accepting the Pro- Premdeney of the Potomac Company. to thir company, the stockhokiers thereof became grier- ‘ousty dispirited op necovnt of the lose which they had boen subjecied te in bie reluctast withdra) notwi'h. manding. (he work wns not totally aband determined to supersede it by tne Ci anal Ie the mrantime the exam¢le of {1 the D Avanos of any other the Uniow in wealth and population. Ho diverted that from the of the Hedeon which forty 4 plans for crn ng benefits resalting from the Erie cana), which was the interna! improvement Lae 94 Of ihe ge, excivod the friends of the Chesapeake Ohio caval to active exertion. A more ontinusiastic body of men never aeronblod for the promotion of ae in (orest than that which met at Washington on the 6th of | November, 1823, for perfoctiog plans for the specdy exe- ution of that contemplated great channel of traueparts'ion. ‘Though a mere youth, I was t at fie deliberations es spectator, and an intensely Interested one, rej vicing theo. as bas been the case ever s'nce, in all thet wae tran- spiring calcaiated to cement the bonds between the outhere ané middie country and the rapidly riting Stace And Territories. (Applause ) Im ite solicttace ou the & Sect, the stawly National Intelligencer took the lead of Colemporaries | \n ite iasue of the morning of the meeting, {4 remarks, among other things — Hind the goo? Washinrioe lived to aee Mi bare jovec bie patrioue heart to witness Best Aa effor’ to BevOMplish bis great and tm prover ent day, bow would merited and ear mprehenaive inind, bls acovrate vapmy of hie country, bad loag Im. ty aod [ ood bie of peceme, relwe, one of yecia of bin contempla: lo { ra . tn this We trust be will not have greatly A short (ime previously that temperate Journal, dis ingolthed onder ite present ea Bow for ite soberminded acer, empiny ed the folowing ¢ 1 ing ¢m- phatic Iangnage — i; we Loe ad im the indications of Ue gro this magnificent praject. It cappot be bet thai he couse yee Biecyle of the Souihern and Middle Biases wi be apeusd vs poopy an effectual ertion prevent the Plate of New Yor mm mon olwing 6!! (be commerce, quently ail the wealth, of the Onion. ree oe ‘This gives precisely the end which the steam ferry fo It desires to make aa ci, vat exertion” to New York from rotait in: —monopo. Hired it abe hae already—all the commerce of the Uaion, ‘all the wealth. It would not wrong tha’ an ‘which ly bears the appellation of Eiimpire,” ead boars Knot without reusos when the "eon whose frogal earnings she uppatural chaane! of trafic. Mr. Presidemt, the conception of the granieur and erorilence Of the rerulte, portion! and material, by & developement of ‘the Oerapeake through ite p:oper cor mercial aller, wae Of the father of hie country. In hie day and gevera Gon the fron road was unknown on earth; nor had the pwer been discovered which io its might. mores ‘wich the agi ty of the antelope over sky cap sed mour sine and bh tempest-conrulred seas; Dot a faith in entertained by him, which never thened, perhaps, by the fore- boyy a) invention, doubtless revealed to aight 4 Detrolt, and the country Grained by the er men, and the Obio and thy Mipsis yutarier, wonld eventually, under jut. 4 dignivied : 5. 3 i gement, seek the most sulisvie outer harbor of the Che apoake for direct commryicaym wih the io habitauts of forcign Powers god States. Cowaks, 6 housed thanks, to the gerius of a Fultoo Brunnel, noble Cor ception was tbat of the nobiesi of morials~— a junt Union saving Courepion—ae Southern aad Weetera develo ing concep ion—an sat-rectional moaoooly conveptioa’ 96) [has Providence m which he impiiculy re in the darkest hour of bis miittary ca:cer appearr pow throogh \ts agencies to be making a still more stricing maxtfestation of ite appreciation of bis pure and almost un ear. bly dirinterestedaes3 while lising. Hw couse ioe, how hopeful the yeflecion, since io every thought that nurtured tm conneciion with publo affsirs, there was love fer bis countrymen apd a prayer for bie co upity! When, rir. about two yeare ago I first contem plated the proportions of the le \a ban steamed! », | coule 004 refrain from exclaiming to the friends who were witb the (aterpretation of the pu BuCD @ Water as the Chesaveake was cre Here is the inoiple in ebip architecture which will ni ‘ork out cf the advantages which Dundred avd sixty miles than those o’ the river St, Lawrence, | Commerce and uavigation. Hore is the instrament whicn wil make the South ie own carrier and im orter, aud ovesvlidate the Waebipgto ian policy.’’ wously employ the panoiple waica {sin ‘ur service, and {¢ will strangle the ser Pent which hes steaithily entered from the derk recesses ©) the North our political paradive Let us command wish it tbat traffic which rightly belongs to us by the laws of jocasion and “ber foriuitous circumstances, aad we shall plish a commercial decentralization of invalaavic Bacroachments upon for @ tower of strength its durable sustenance Watt, « Stopteogon and « tlo De hastening. Yor she enjoys tc this imtrumeat 49 the republic Nor may t, °, Prost For this, if tnere were no ‘Us ever to remove. rior statesmanebi p perisba>ie scroll o ruled out of it AS the devoted mat of this worid over our deilber :tioms. (A> it the ime the team ferry pro ject «as originated, I ‘cistinetly foresaw that it would ave to encounter a formidadle enemy ia croaking incre dulity; but ae 1 beilaved then, fecily’ satsiied is pot wonderf:l that this Influence arrsyed against fuck & gigantic euterprive when itis recollected that it bas been consis ent in its ho-tility to every vaivable disc henign undertaking of energy tm remote byg me ages, #0 DoW ‘g smpertap: ameliorauious rcacaly eerve to aiford it an edoure for 8 Gegsation of hostilivier, trate: to the recorded statemen wae urst advanoed by G ‘ery of sctence aud every It in most aptly illus- that when the coctring leo, that the carth tarned around the rab, the sum remaining ‘statiwary in the universe, the holy tauere of the Inqu ‘med at so daring an procecded tydeclare una (he fret of tuese pro wedge, however, bad pot the eligatest « tho mavoral order of thingr. Itecemed that (he sm contiaa. a w sand still and the earth to move around ft, the holy jodge to the coutrary notwithrtsnding. The holy fathers i (hat epoch would, if they were living, {ind a deroted disci ole in the croaking incredulity of the present period. ‘Yo natisfy the inordinate misgivings of this 4 disbel ever, It is not en inconsi yh that the invisible spirit of the air has been made to form to our biddings in convey {pg meesrges to the most distant points of civiliza'ion, that carbon and water are performing the labor of millions of men, that the track which the storm king traverses on the ocean has been marked out with almost reliable cor- tainty, and thet numeroue ofver Inventions and discore- ties have been made before fadle would beve stood abashed. finde fault with ovorytbing relating to salatary pro- lle it neither originates nor executes any. the discoverice of « Culumbas, a Newton and a obstinate opporition which tt manifested is If it were not antagonistic Fe PadbescaeE e Bte NSE Selaciet a gous Te etiil doubts or distinct in my mind’s eye. to the steam ferry, 1 aboult seriously question whether within itself the worm of enie: Tt will grerely, aod tn ih terms, aszert that the Great Eastern can never be taanch- be launched, she can ucver DO pre provelied she can that project contatned eu; ade ie sue Can be flied; that the time required for the operation will precia:'s the poss! billy of ber being profitable to her owners, and that {f she b: ule be profitable to ber owuer#, a0 bewelw are to be derived from expedition on the ovean or a reduction in the Arrogance w!iboat instruction, or bold- peee without wisdom, is a ridiculous intermeddier in the ralutacy eoactments of the world. the pa Tot edifies no oue, but all may profit by the exam: ple contained in the silence of the bird of Jove when mra- roring in bls eye the space of the upper chambers of the world im whieh be soars. Mr. President, the mort saa- nine inventors aod projectors have not unfreq rently been it far inthe rear of speedy reality with reference to the capacity of their own tuventions and projects. This is forcibly exemplified in a letter from Robert Fuiton, the to desigaated prince of wid cathuaiasts of his time, which from the orig'nal, in the possession of Col, Force, of Waabingiou, © whom Tam iadebted for all he exiracis whicn | have introduced — (near Warbierton Dear price 0° freiguts. ‘The tame prattle of reach thus a8 onpi 7 io RAes some coaveraation with EATER Hot contal we can be driven may be somo pineip'enet patristiem to give te make soeh an arran rove soar p incip one of two things m ove to join you wita | me of merchapdive I wi cotot the boat nad to give ‘bi v0 Tam, sir, your oF ADL, BOBERT FULTON, This letter, sir, was writion some months afer bie Orst | Stcarmboat bad a& ended the Hudeca, and yet the euthusi Aric inventor could not imagive how oe humired tas of merehancise could be propelied la alll water six miles an hour by tho bantiing of his geriar. Forty years afer: trge an amount was prope lied twenty wiles. Most instroctively, to such a8 are willing to learn, does General Cate romark, \n bis late Mariotta speeoh— Fifty years ago I was 8 youre man. representing thi+ ooant 1 ng J L's Be When Lime pioneer staambon| Siaie authorivs to mag gation Would not mow Le siarting us wilh iM great achier- A® recently, sir, a2 15.5, there were public rejoicings ta Toutavilie on acount of @ steamer baving arrived thore in fifeem days end six boure from New (rieams. The Captain, in reply tos complimentary toast at « dinner givcn upoe tue occasion, gravely stated that |) sibly oceur im the course of | Deiween tbe two places would bo | days, dut cerialaly never under. ter she celeb: ation, it wax Ta a toore of yours af. in a few Bours over When Cunara started, aboat sixteen years ago, bis ocean ial steamebipe. the mont contideat in their | Sueest believed they were quite as loog, large and pow | erfel a would be safe for the service in which they wore i They have been, regularly. as cach new keel was laid, growing in length, sive ard’ power, wntil there je one now on the flocks nearly tires times as long, werful ag was (he first; and though lees ae large as the “Great Pastern,’ will draw al! the waver that could bo carried up by Sandy Hook veri @ ot ject of | to New York. Sicam, sir, cpon the ocean is comparati Oa bays, rivers aod lakes generally, it is moviog beats of as mach magnitude as the waters w! wi £a.¢ and the harbors they enter will admit or the trailic with respect to the communication be' ween It hae, indeed, boen discovered by & map of the coat earvey—than which there is no bet- (hen as | tor avthority—that there i a sufficient depth of water in of Long Island Sound, up to within « fow miles of New York, for even such a mamnoth as the Great ble whether the navigation is Aattompt it, except when empty i New York and Iver; of popularity of | Raeterm; but tt te not wo precarious aod for mere exhibition. Hence it ts fine of steamers intended for the trade never be ccneiderably angmented beyond inat of tho Canarders referred to, and it { palpable that without ¢uch Argmentaiion there can be but On this account I entertais traMo betwoen America tio improvement in epeed. iding beliof that the rope could not, if it Arageons! | ite ely of the singular advantages offered | Cherapeake aod Millford. Tae steam ferry vi require at jenet twenty eight feet of water, whom loaded, them afloat. Where ele can they dod it on this ‘ee from rocky and otherwise adlocked and apobdatructed by I ochorag? grounds, and ao ely arrival, than withia the Virginia fe ine ‘eoran {Re mont clamorous enemy expiein where? (i Certainly not at Portland ee ren tir, the chances are t never be established land that will crows in Chesapeake and Milford. Th shed in naval architecture and eng: tnd sive are indispenrable to ep never be overlooked. There are thore before me who live to gee vessels of ome th forty thousand tone monsu Periloun coasts aad romdetonie and a iy not at New York. Tor the reasons already stated, lar team forry he United States and Eng: except between the to indisputably estab strength eed aod security, should onrand fost in length, rement, tu the service of the Economy, expedition and safety combine | to warrant the conclusion thet this may cccar. When I | table. tpasmuch as they could not rely upon oassengers Urvey yonder waler sud yonder magaiains, veaming +: | 800 Maile because of thelr want of size and consequent mineral *ealth end youder more distant cotton de da in- | want of }. The irun steamship of thirty thousa: vob ing relief from the oppressive tax-& imp wei uoortherr | ton» would, tt is believed, require not more than one ton | yield by w clrevitoux, lengthepe’ and costiy transportation, | Of cos! for the ot of tn tons of Fostgns Teanut » ii not, I dare po doubt it myrolf, O.r outton | be ween the Oherapeake and Mutord, while from her crop is doubling ivelf every quarter of a century, ad yot | Bizr, peed and security, abe mould command the greater | the Fupoiy does Dot Keep race withthe demand We may | part, Oras many as ele could carry of voyages across see It amoor ting to seven m.ilions of bales befors 1870, and | tb nesides end the mails- requring no wil) bave tre cry from comsumers, * more, mire— here | Otber subsidy than ber own gortages. In view of suche | ia not yetenough ? Nor is the tmorease in tha yleld of | tule I sould besitate to a cept the four seamers reforred cerea! grain and other products of exportatira {othe slave {ft, upon the condition that Lebould run them for & bi idiag States propo tionmwiy bebiat thai of wae world | Krmotdve years from the Cuesapeake to an Zuropean controling staple. There is n‘thing wn-eao able, sir, ‘a | port. And I ain quite persisded that ao steamship which the promised performances of the Great fa tera Sle may | Fequiresa ton of coal io propel a ton of freight over the not be perfect ta ber proporuona or in hor general | Atiantio can be run from the Chosapeake or any port south ar-angemenis, bot capavies Ike ber's have vecome | of New York,unlees she enjuys @ liveral governmental 4 beceseity, and siience weuld be utierly faith | Comwact,toady European prt wi hout incurring heavy | lees to its trusia if it failed to provide amply for the | toeses to her proprittors Therefore, I regard the dis | requirements which indu ‘and travel mato upm | covery, or rather the developement of the principle ci is for transportation upon tbe ‘wasty deep’ Depend upon | talser in the Great Eastern as Ii tie less thax & prov: ft, sir, {t will be found equal to the diecharge of ita entire | bal favor to the industrial interests of tne South, New dvty. Creaking tweredulity canvot totimdate it by its | York cannot, a6 I have explained, avail as ad- paris. It knows not how ¢» falter, nor bow to tire, nor | ventageously of that priociple es ourseivcs. and [ how to siumher. Itisever prepariog, tu the plonitade of | feei pot the slightest heitetion tn exproming as my the Almigbty's goodness, some more valuable develope- Geliverate, sincere conviction, that we bave no alternative ment, ome more momentous demonstration for the ad. | :€ft us bus to aco it—to prepare at snce for its employ vepcement of mankind. I;eumbita to no dotraction from | ment, or re inquish {n despair every ides of freedom from its pursui's, apd will recogaise no limits to its mvostig tious | the ty ranniziog sounogalz 10 which we are 89 injurtoaly except those immctably establiahed for the government of | eubjectea aud which becomes tne more tnscleat, with ta. the earth. In ite cvnetan' triumphs the marve'lou Le- | reared power tobarm va, the more it i pampered and come a thing of every day ilfe. It is conecions, how | maveened by Ita profis from toe fruiw of your toll. Nor | ever, thet there tea jtue of partition between divinity aod | t+ it, etr, of tring lnparianee, tanh ae constructing the humanity whict {t may pot pars; that there are laws co. | fcur Javaihan, we, shou d build up a mighty militery ar- | eval avd coextsten with creation which nay prodlaim to | Wament—ne that could be readily converted toto a strong i, When it bas exhausted every availavle Gold for | Stueia for us. {f tt should ever again be our misfortune to the exercise of te mighty power, thus far bast | Orocme involved in hoatliiies with a formiduole foreten tbou been permitted to come, Dut thou cant | P wer. They wouli ce stitate tron fortidcatons, 4 wt go beyond Mr, there {s another | (2 their rapid tranrit from potet to polnt, would e alr enti | wweerest in inveterate or porition ‘to the steam ferry | sit to guarc our Coustagu.nst invarion, from the Capes to ~refet which L campot refrain from noticing sod which | | the Mexican f cp ier; and if it were reade @ necessity, #1 1Githhguich ar fot as sone ceifl aners. This interest{s | con ertthem into privateers, taey would swcep the com x# olf as ime, apd seems to de just ag unyielding, jistas | merce of our crem) off of tho Norta AUante, Lo short, exacting as if ft cx coted to exist tm etercity. aaout | they wonlo be one of our main arms of defence ard pro- eogbtern monihe ogo I chanced to pick up in Loudon « | tection in war, ae they v Ould be our powerful ara of se rues published there {a 1673, with the pom wus title ofthe | curity and preperity la yesce. a late number of the Grand Cpearn of England Explaived,’’ which describes | 1 ncon Times, in expreseing its confidence tn the Groat ag minutely the motives by which this tnter-st is ever | buster, justly remarks;— sctuated, os tf it hat beea writen yonter ay against the fven Noah's ark must yield presedence to ber, aad to rorcsed steam ferry. This tract was diroxted at the | which nll the Marl bs and Wellingtons, end Merz. | revolutionary inno vations which ths ne wily invented macks and Niagaras ig Coaches’—that ig to say coaches which travelled Mr. President, {ts often despairiogly asserted ax con- ‘bree miles ver bour in summer and two in inter— | cerns the steam ferry enterprise, thas tho laws of trade were making upon the grovelling selishness of | cannot be charged; ihat inasmuch ax New York is now London tradepmen and others of that metropvis, | tbe monopolizing emporium of the Uniun, it mut, as o and the following may be taken as a fair sample | matier of course, ever remain such this te not ‘sound of ita Conte n!8:— logic in pein oe Henin, noe ean'et io Pet fe... A th shes were set up, trave! rode on horse | the contrary, bistory wl is ={.D pro: trade 8 ee ig) Rogen gh img pute ee Dritias aaddie | mere creature of necesti:y, ever changing under the ia- cuoths, storkings aod bata, whereby the © olaidloaher of | fvesce which a favored locality @.ertson its move the kip; ereennsumed. Besides, most gentleman, when | ments. This is extmplified in the instances of Liverp»ol Oona ete Cte ce emnrds: belts. | as contrasted with ammterdai, ta Hambc' end Bremen Chea thae bave little oe pe wecasinn for Forwhen thay | 8& contrasted witb Venice aad Genoa, and in many othors, ‘afta Catonding es far back os io ancleot Tyre. Iie aotin my rode on borse back the ‘One suit, and carried apother ‘o ¥ear when ‘hey sane ° journey’s end, or lay hy tae | nature, sir, to doubt, petwithsanding such objection say but ip he coaches they rife tn asilx euit wits aa | piaosibly urged, tbe carrying cut of the proposed redcea- arian gown with a fash, ail stockings. and the beaver | ing schemes eben demanded by right and sustained by bate men rife in, and carry no other with Uiem. ‘Thin is ve- | Pefaon and justice And although iis reject hae sub- ceure they ereapa the wet and dust whinh on horsshack ther | Tearen 2 5 (4 ganpot svoid, whereas, ip two or three aurpeys on horaehack | jected tne to a classification with the v iwiovary ia increda- Seve clothes snd hte were woot to be epotled, whica done | lous circies, it has been ordinarily my misfortune i2 be | | they were forced to have new very often. and | bebind rather then in advance of speedy reality. It has ‘bat farcensed the conaumotion of | mannfacture. 0 | been so with others whose gifted prescience { would con- the making of ‘bese things there were many trades | sider it the proudest privilege of my life to evem fuinuy | rowronied ! If some few were continned, to wit. : one to 4 tga: hem tasmeel avery rbire town in Kngland to go once a’ week hackward | €mulate. When the mighty Caro! roe he jose ta aod forwerd, aut 'o go thr with the game horses tbey | words whenever and wherever uttered are among the sa: forth wit, oud ut wavel shove thirty miles a day in tbe most eclous of Southern tobe ttinnes; 6 nad 'wenty five ta the wh ter, an fends every ation im reference to tht eo trade might be ¢iff sed, there would he suili- “Yen iia sir, locking towards the Aduaue. In 110 carr? the wick ad lame that they preteod cynnt ths le bnkios treards tha Pen? ravel ca horveback and helug thus regulated they # uldd> | twenty years you poking towa . little or po hw m, especially U all be suporessed withia ‘itty | Croak'ng incredulity did not hesiate to classily this worid- miles of Lond n’ where they are uo way necessary, and yet } repowned statesman with the wildest of the visiouary, 50 bigbly destrnetive beholo pow in the direction of Memphis, and Little Rock, This, sir, lea true specimen ofthe Irgico’ the gro- | and Sen Antonio and San Francleco, how far smiling re- veiling eelfshness of the present day. The sordid inte- | ality is in advance of the time he designated! In the ex- rests of the 5\th year of the 10h century are just as | Irting state of affairs, cir, every hour that clapses, fortidies tenacious of their respeciive peowliar epjoyments, jast | the strength of tbe North, while tt ma one dimin- a regardie-s of the general welfare as were those of | isbes tbat of the South. Not an additi vale of cotton, the 73d year of the 17th centary. The Levisthaas | or bogebead of tob or barrel of ilour, or tioree of rice | in s Sou bern water are feared precisely as were the “ily is produced iz the s!aveholding States that does not contri- ing coecher,’’ in the sense that they will interfere with | bute directly or remotely to euch a result. We beap upon class interests, And most assuredly they qili sointerfere, | the Northern States ricbes, aud with these riches, if we This constitutes ap important part of their mission. They | continue to multiply them, they will bem ia and stifle oar will open & direct asd expeditious communication between | tnstitutions. Minuceota and Oregon and Kansas will pro: the producer coursumer, by which intermediate agen babiy be brorgbt into the Union at the next session of cies, however small or however larce, which are preying | Congress on ibe side of the socalled free States; and in ad- vuiture like uoon the planter and husband nan, will boom dition to ibis increase of sronucth, @ pian, it is tirely dispensed Thus mililions of doliara wili be | re ly been devised by the free sotlors for raved month!y ¢n importations and exportations, and on | overpowering us in Missouri and afterwards in Keatucky, the trapspor‘ation thereof to the citizens of the South and | Tennessee and Maryland, and our indowace renders it Wert, who will aval of the steam ferry for the movement | from day to day more feasible, We may close our ey of their products to ane their su from abroad. The | tothe palpable fact, but it nevertheless sa fact. If mercbanw of Philsde!pha, itteburg, Detroit, Chica , decline longer ——, “the hand writiug on the , Miwaukie, Cincianatl, lodianapolis, Louisville, | aga'nst us will soon begin to manifest itsei(—aye, in leite’s £ Tous, Dubaque, 8’ Pauls, Litle Rook, of burning, consuming brightness. In the year 1870, as I have already stated, tho cotton crop will probably ‘amount to ecven millions of bales. Who will enjoy most of the clear prodts on this immense augmentation of yield if wo remain passive spectators? Alas! the mischievous, wicked disturbers of our repose, who inhabit, for the most part, the country beyond the Hudson, and to our pe- | cuniary, our 1» our deal sub- | Jogation. Is is boartingly, and said, { ‘the value of the city of New York and tts environs is | larger than thatof the whole State of Virginia. Woat staples of the region wherein those merchants transact bu- | will it be at the i desiguated, unless we sever, | siness may be conveyed to the foreign countries designnt | without w y, the commercial chains which | ed in like time. Detroit and the yaet upper pny fotter? Double, at if not treble. Beware, thea—be- | have been tapped by the Chesapeae ‘the ston more and Ohio Railroad and its connections. heart of Penpeyivania and [ako Erie have been Sepes by ine 3 3 t I i § & i Chevepeake, Uarough tne Balt Iva- a cad, Weuticky, will, in a fow years (i shay now — more ney by the Parker and Tae | ) Chesapeake, thro: e pope ad a, intersecting lines from the Toto. time to make thelr arrungemonts accordingly, and there | mac and York rivers, and Covington and Big Sandy, and | fore inflicting upon them no wroog—they will consume no | Big Sandy and | exington Rail oads. inp ibe fetal Suchen foreign goose which are uot imported dircetly throvgh a next the waters of the Mississippi and the Alabama, an: Southera port from the country of their avigin. Soch a the productive intermediate country, will be tapped direct- | resolaticn, faiibfully adhered to, would be more effiaicu} | ly, az they bave been already circuitously, by the Chosa | than any Irgisiative enactment upon the subject. Let peake, through the Noerfolz, loterst Iynchburg and | it be secn that Southerners aro im carncst—at Knoxville Conpection. And ibe on ‘about ‘the fails of | patrictiam bas duties to perform in trage inier- distant day, be tapped by the Chesapente through ise pro- | iho articles required “for, eonaumpdon from ‘auron{ distant day, be by the the pro- | the required for ion from jected Cumberland Cap "onneowen” As+000 as the loco- | will thenceforth come directly to their bomes, relicved motive eball display the full power of bts iron majesty in | from intermediate agencies, and at vastly diminished drawing trains freighted with ‘rom ome bundredtoone | rates. They would cosse to bend the knee bopdred and fifty toos of the yield of the States which | to Baal, to do homage to that orerpowering , they traverse cm those various Ines, mad on those | fizeal fort of Wall street, whoro standing army which are open, aud thore which are approaching | of officers tx larger than ‘the number of troops compietirn, and those which are in earnest contem- | usvally quartered n apy militery reas in the Union. piation io North Saroliva, South Carolina, Goorgia. Flo. | Through the multifarious operations this hydra headed | rida Alsbama, Missisesipp!, Louisiana, Texas and Ar. | monste~ a moneyed centralization bas been consummated | Kansas—ali having an casiern terminal concentration in | more terrific in its consequences, more demoralizing tn its | | the waters of{the Coeea xeake—a daily instead of a weekly | indaences, more prejudicial to Sate rights and State inte | commupicaiion of thirty thoutand toas tron steamstips | rests than the worst form of consoldation ever imagined | will ecarcely be adequate to meet the demands for trans- | by any of the framers of the corstitation. To-aay we | | portation across the At'aatic. Toere iz not probably aroate | bave still strougth joft to grapple with our inflated and re | Upon which in ten years a coabdie track would rot be com. | morselese adversary; to morrow we may be too feeble menced, while the lin etus given to travel and commerce | Shai! we fleo from him ignimoniously?—or with a firm and | would induce from abroad an abundance of capital toex- | fearless confidence im our taro upon bim, tond the overiaud conneotion rapitiy across to the Padide, | and with ail the mpbifel 0 ©6abundantly binolng California, Oregon and Wasbington Territotes In | placed a} our disposal endeavor to divest him identical intersets with hove of the South and Weat. (Loud | of bis commercial pronperity? (Apsuse) Lot us bo ‘app'aure,) Of the railroads open to public ase in the Ual- | stimulated onward by the noble sentimente xpreased by ted States, seventeen thourand niles of their measure: set | Cato’s som; “ ‘T's not tn mortals to commaad success, but are in clrser proxivuity with Cacea zeake bay then wits the | we'll do more, Sempronice—wo'll deserve it.” (Ap- bay of New \ ork, while only seven theuand miles are in foes J) We are assured by sacred prover), sir, “ that closer proximity with the bay of New York thaa | God helps those who help themeelves.”” Lei us show to with we Chesapeske bey. Ton years heace, | the world of maskind, at homo and abroad, tha) we ere | an lerge as ihe ratio cow is in our favor, | really capablo of helping ourtelves. Let each one who | it WH Dave #0 increased as to etand as three to one, if not | oan aJord subscribe for one shave of $100 im the enterprise. more. This i a most remarsable fact, apd an irresistible | There is no invosiment tuat would probably pay bettor for one !n the inferences ceducibie therefrom, the advantages } & lerm of ten years, in a dividend potut of view, while the of climate taken into consideration, together wito the ca | advantages which wou'd be secured to every Svuthorn do- | nal, river end Coasiwise navigation, af 000 as tbe steam | micile would be inceloulabio—alixe in Virginia and Texas, | ferry eball be im successfel operation, It cannot be doubt | in Marylvnd and Arkansas, in Kootucky and Forida, io ed by a rational mind tbat ihe Chosapeake will be inthe | Miseony' aod South Carolina, in Tennessee and Loulsiana, | very centre of the bighway upon which the groat trafic | in North Carolina and Alsbama, in Georgia and Mississippi. | Caterorise of the world is to pass and re pass, and where | And kore I will remark, tha; in my opinion it wil! it will civerge and converge. ——_. ‘availing of the | eminently proper that the pioneer tho line shail , | leviatienr and the railroad. across continent, with | bear the name of thai State which shall contribute the the guif sud (nterocesnic connections, will roud aud ro. | largest amount of subsoriptioas in proportion to the num- cerve ber matis ber passengers, ber merchandive and hor | ber of ber citizens. The value of the real estate of the | gold to and from Australia and elsewhere in the Pacids, | tiaveholcing Siates may be safely estimated at this time | and to anc from the Carribean Sea and the Gulf of Mexic ft $2,000,00,000. I rirk noth! in giving expression to communication vastly more expedi: | my belief, tha: before she lov: ‘woud be alloat fire tome ‘sad otherwise desirable waa the 4 routos nie years it would be double that amount. Mr. President, [ | the travels, or any o:ber that she un ober and this | will not, { cannot contemplate the probability of the fail. | tramic alone will be worth to the tlaveboiding States a | ure of the froject. I believe its morits are such that it | larger amoont than the entire sum required to put the | will overwhelm any opposition, any combination, any tteam ferry in tion, From ‘via Milford, the | underplot which may bave the temerity to boset it either Cher) ¢ and the Gulf, I confidently expect t> eee the | without or within the Soath. What I sapposed from the mails trans: to the shores of the Pacific in thirteen | Aret is now joyously transotring, that it would becomes days, and from thence to Australia and China in fifieen | general favorite, particularly with the rural pooulation; more. (Applause) Snch, Mr. President, is a Contracted | and that they would nourieh and cherish it to maturity, outline of the benetits which the pr with a certainty that {t would heaceforth amply recom Promises to confer ujon the siaveb Pepee them in its promotion of jheir individual interoste ‘virtually constitute an Atlantic And in ita protection of their Tights (argos) aad eubjocte of ail coustree ‘Will cross and recross by tens ee pouriog in from the mountain valley thousands and hundreds of thousands annually—compa- jueating ratively without the rirk of casualties greater teen Wey to the sul a lists. I bail each with joy—I hail each incur at home, and upon which the surplus products of | ¥ ith pride as tho free heart's to aa glorious # tem- every dercription of industry will be conveyed to market, cause as ever ci izon . ‘oman's noble From anc to the landings 06 either aide, auxiliary atoam- ; Soul, too, participates in this le enthusiarm, ers will carry aod fotch regularly from and to national | In my javenile years, whcn | first road of the horoic vir. an well a2 foreign por's, They will there even | tues of Spartan like mothers of the Revolation, it seemed find ameorted cargoct sulted 6 any trade ef destina ‘ion, | a* @ tale of romanoe that conjugal and maternal lov Four such vereis, in point of sire, as the Great Eastern, leaving each side of tho Allantic weekly, would convey two millions of tens of cargo per asnam. Throo hundred valling vessels, of one thousand tous each, would not bave ‘the capacity to perform such a service. Moreover, those ‘vessels would require that which the South is mot in a con- dition — —ten oe sailors—erpile stxtone dred includ the nun ber rienced seamen, would be supte for the four lev’ ‘athens, sence—i mean the jadies, sir—end tho only august The economy in building, equipp'rg, ronning, and allelse, of | prosence which I recognise aa belonging to eacth—tho pa- the latter over the former would be fully fifiy per cent, | tence with which it has followed me through « leu A cargo of twenty-five thourand bales of co'ton could be | and tedioas addrers—bes in ita Kicance which I cannot received on board or discharged in three day#. The gross | mistake. It whispers hope: it wi faith; it sugure recolpts of & voyage, OF & passage out and « prasage in, | Victory. (Applacee—the ladies smiling jally.) And may be safely ostimated on an avorage at $200,000, or | *uch @ victory | A victory ‘hat will establith an evor ro- $16,600,000 per annum. The steamabips, conwe. en table | ulwark of the constitution jotory that will make uirely of iron, woult probably be seaworthy for ono hun. | & trong South commercially out oly feeble dred years, an( then in value oq wort half their | one; a victory that will Nar iz lay oholding origion! cost. As it is tolerably cortain States the principles of sound political economy, steadily could be made reliably soa proof and fire teaching the 7 praciical example, (ho truth of would be measurably dispensed, and, ine! the adege, “By ‘0 we live, but by commerce wo tear, they int will stand an @ mon . hich every contributor’s name will be i Mr President, that mai ividnals ontirely well dis gene: toward the underiaking ‘apprehensive that ite magnt- | fon of Southerners; and a viclory that will bind heart to 0 18 unfavorable to ite saccens, To eneh I would reply, | heart the mililone |ntoretted in ite achievement, conturioe with duo defi rence to thetr opinions, that ite magnitude is | #f nd our cotemporaries shall have been numbered | {ts chief, if not ite only recommendation, cannot sno parted. loud applause followed theclosing of | coed if we begin where the rest of the world is leaving off. | thie address. The wooden hall and canvass bave had their day on the HON. D. W. BARRINGER'S SPRECT. bigh seas; so with emall steamers, If we were to Hon. D. W. Barruxorr, of North Carol ex -Minicter to buy the largest now in sorvice, their places would | Spain, in obedience to a general call from the Conyention, | be supplied by still larger ones, and we should oom- | came forward and sald—Mr. President and Gontiemen of " ly havo to csatend inst ruinous odds. Tho | the Convention—fhough here to sot in co-operation with | on to promote the snocess of Mg dh ig hy | five han- | Dot anticipate that I wonld be upon to make «| ; Meanwhile, | cannot disregard your and ore snocessfully than ‘ho ster of ton | Will, therefore, offer s few romarke apon tho thourand tons can rao side by side with the steamship of | which calle! you together If | showld need any | ive twenty thousand tons. Power incach case constitutes | to that tank, !t ie furnished in the general exhibition of zeal In thia noble cause, #0 eminently characteristic of | your Ings. It ix, 'T thould suppose, harilly neces. Tory bor we to Sater into'any the merita thin. enterpriee, a aa ), after tatisfactory and tnteresling dovelopemests which have besa aste recarding by the | © pt eee nine eee ben pup eurrenel ree. This | is pre eminently a Geen qneation—a q' which gomes home to tho ‘nd appeaia fo the patriotgin of xalted public apirt) of the » | Ni emoun' tle production, an the exporta, About one half of this amount was shipped dl- | feet from Southern porte. To this add the amount of Soathern produce #bhi end soul with this enterprise, believing a: I do that by ile ibe ston a id wilt be materia ly strengibened, 42 wy very soul I do think ihe time has come—has come bow—when an effort should be made to establish, confirm and perpetuate the commercial independance of the Soush, (Apelaure Ret appear before you now more for the pur- Pree of giving my concurrence to this and every other ho borable ard jurt effort to promote the (niorests of the Fouth than to make a speo:h Sir, we are accusiomod, all of us {n tbe South of late years, to look with more than a Jealous eye to the growth of the Norih, expecially of ons nt atthe North. We have been accusto ued from ear. teat He tn the South, tavgh. by the wivo doctrines of our forefathers, to speak of the dangers of political consclida- tion, but, sir, there is at this momont, and bas been for’ ycats past, growing ap in the great Slate apd” city Fd New o -* & contraliza low more fearful, more dapgerous material pr-gross ard prosperity of the South than ever could bo Fiprooed to reeult from even political consolidation, Sir, do we think ag often as we ought opor the actua! commercial condition of the country, upon the financial operations of the Treasury department of our country? Of the seventy five or eighty miltions of dollars levied annually in the form of roveave, aud diverted from the industrial inte rests of the try, some sixteen millions aro collected ‘p tbe port of New York alone. Of the two hundred and fifty or three hundred mil:tons of dollars worth of imports which come aonually into the coun'ry, more than twe thirae come into the port of Ne+ York. Why, sir, just think of ibis monepoly! But this is not all Thess mo- ey* are Collected in gold and silver Uxuder the present operation of what uw ordina ily called the sub treasury ays- tem all the checks upow Danks are payadle at New York, 8 pow conducted. Sir, the original purpose of this yrtem bas been departed from [he monay ts not ac tvaly transferred in goid and silver, but by paper drafe, and New York is tho great ceotre where ii ws all pay able Everything seems to converge at that point. bere, alr, tbe larger cortion of the yayments on the part of the government are made. Aod, sir, there is another thi ye which I would :efer, aud to which perhaps the of the Seuth ‘ag not been as wich ¢! ected as it ougbtto be. itis the fact that ‘he onc auvdred mililons of dollars, or the cabous, which #c owe in bunds at the ‘Soutb are chietly pasavie in the city of New Y rk. Tae coupons of twenty five or thirty miliions of bonds owed oy Virgivia—{ am not certain as to the exact amount, but I believe it to be about thie—are payable in the city of New York. Everytbing, tp {act conpecte 4 with the tnaaces of the gover. ment conv rge and concent-ato in that ca pital. But, sir, tbis is potall. Every foot of railroad ia the United States, as affairs now stand, op-ratos to the be- nefit of that great city. T do not care where these road are fo re'rectod— whether in Teoveesee, Wisconsin or Maine—they are in one form or other tributary to New York. Now, sir, this isnot right. It ts an anomaly wbich we should use every legitimate effort to correct. Tais scheme, as I conceive, is hot prosecuted gut of any hostility to that city. We all rejoice in her properity, and would be glad tbat she shonid enjoy all the aavantages of her patural position—but potbing more. (Applause ) ovgbt vot, sir, either by the act on of the na'tonal |.cgis! ture, and mush kee by our own action, to derive benofits which we ought to enjoy, lookiag to our natura! portion. Sir, the aagact'y of that greatest of men, to whom the hon- orable gentlemen has referred in his address—the sagacity of the great Wasbington foresaw that the waters of the Chesapeake wero the patural dircetion for the course of trade of the great valloy of the Missiaatpp! and the Westera tnd middle States. Bis eyo at that carly period was di- rected as fer as the city of Detroit, and he tooked to the wa ore of the Cbesapeake as the great outlet for the com- merce of this vast extent of country. Mr. President, there is one rule so essentially just in tteelf that it cannot well be departed from without {pjury to the agriouliure ef the country. It {s this—that the pro- ducer ougbt to have the advantages of the nearcet possible point for the export of bis productions and fer the import of the articles of coneumption. {f this role ls departed {)om injary to that interest will bo the tn- evitable rerult. It is a departure from this rele that has given to New York the command of the trade of thie whule country. It aaepsrture from this rale that bas led to the commere'al oppression of the South. It {2 thig rule | that we are now endeavoring to establish, in order thereby to regain our prosperity. The ectua! condition of the com merce of the conntry is the vory reverse of what tt ought | to be, We produce some three fourths of all the exvorts of the country, and, sir, they ought to be sent out of our | own barbers, and our imports received there. We net can be at ‘he South what we onght te be uattl this is dor ‘The remy dy lies in an effort—this now nador conside: ation or come similar effort; and by uuited action we are certain of success. (Applause) It oas been often eald that steam is working @ revolution in the world. Woat fo the esr of young America would appear a fact cf civilization; aud, wir, I belfove that sicam is yet in is infancy. is not far distant when ing vessels will be altogothe: agency. I believe, sir, thal we are in a slave of revela! {n regard to the of ; i i ; the transportation of our cotton, our to- SEB PT 1 KS an | We have, sir, more rejiroa¢s thon any two nailons in the world. Webave now !n active operation rome twenty- four thousand miles of railroacs, and some seven or eg2t (thousand 2. And, sr before the close of his ear, or corialnly the next, you can start from the city of jow Orleans and go to tho city of Memphix by railroad, eveepirg an extent of country richor im foi!, in produc: ions, in reeou ces of yy kind that can make a cation great, than any rection of — extent in the worid. The completion (f your great railroad system in the South and routhwest \will attract capital to those rogt nt anc cause it to converge at some great pointor pointe there, un- leas, ince on thould caure it to bo directed to rome ober by your remiseners in not availing youreelyes of the great natural advantages which you If you fail to gy the pocesary mesns to attract the capital which will pour im tpon the completien of these roads, it wil! go in toadd t. the already ‘overgrown prosperity of Northern cities. What {s the effect of railroads in id, sir? Too ancients knew notbing of this great ag@™t. We can draw no comparison ‘between the state of things in the former timoe and that of the present day. They were without any of the great facilities which we now enjoy through the great agency of , Steam, which forms sopowerfal an clement of greatness, Ry thie, the agricultaral productions of the Country are enhanced, and as a conseqience our prospe- rity incre..sed, for it is this which forms the true basis of pational greatnees and prosperity, Ttenoancos the value of land and increases the amount of productions, while tt to build up otties and towns and make large ones Jar} To effect this, however, it is necessary that the trade ehould gain the hearst point of export, and. according to the just natural operation of trado, the point of export should be the point of import. No country can be pros. perous while a coutrary state of things exixts. Coles wo avail ourselves of Our maguificent advantages and the actual condition of things in reference t> our system of reiboads, the time may pass forever and trade may Continue to go one Way ag at present, converging at the great commercial metre polis of the Union. And should it come uncer thie tate of things, it will come reborn of its strength end vaine, The commercial heart of this coan try receives its stimulus, its strength, its subsisienoe (rom the most romote sections of the Uuisn, and as a comse- quence if unparailoled in its growth and’ prosperity in any riod tn tbe birtory of tho world; bat it does not throw ‘k to the extremilier, as it ought to do, the substance which It receives, but retaint a much larger share than Properly belongs toit, thus rendoring the boty politic of our mercial eyetem feeble and unhealthy, ao [ar at least as South is concerned. I simply desire, Mr. I’resident. to give my hearty and full endorsement to this or any other sebeme that may bo calculated to redeem ue from oar commercial bondage; not in | epirtt of hostility to other rections, bat in as spirit Jeetion to ourselyes— in a spirit, too, sir, of national eafety and so- curity; Im a spirit looking to the \com 08 of the copstitution under which we live, as tho only safety for ua im the future, I think the time has come whon we ought to present upon action a Am 2 sectional man to the extent of ing the inter cote of my own home ia preferonee to those of another tion. (Applaure) I say be panne Aeron to epee oot oe Prosperous great ap I. 1 think, sir, fre my very heart that tithe duty of every man in the South, West, ana bordering the great waters of the Dlesinaippl, ailied to us by 80 many bonds of interest, to unite in preventing this great monster of commercial cen. tallzation from endangericg, 1 was going to vay, the liber- ties of the country—but I wi | say, from doing In /ury tous, and preventing us from having commercial |i a. dence which is our right, and which wo will if we nly Ca ryt Tet an, co] atroog ,e a a Scan ela tng et i ind kd so ominently calouiated to redeem wa frorn t commercial bondage in which we are now eld, Those remarks were cor by loud applause, amid which Mr, Barringor took ie rent. Lend cries went forth from ail parte of the hall for ‘Chanéler,’ “Chandier;* when he at length came for- ward, and sald — MR. Le H. CHANDLER'S APRROH, Mr President and (entiemen—The that bas called us together is ono of great im » it in the object of this convention to ® preliminary st and sued measures as shall givo to the initiatory South, f not her due share, at least a fair proportion of the advantages to which she is entitled by virtue of the large | amount rhe consumes of the imports of the country, and by sido with the ia it imports. Vir- Old Thirtoon. Why it that thie commerce bae dwindled into | idence ? he capers Se United Stator for the year 1856, to: domea- is confederacy inia was frat and foremost of ali the $527 000,000; $16,000,000 of this was of in round numbers, $317,000,000 } Xd portion of this immente production, from chern porta, is 4 in Southern The Sonth bas no marine. This immense carrying trade is done The ports only eme-tenth, aud Virginie only $490,000. es RMiNG BCMEe OsboF Aauietial tabien In m4 of ebipe and barks buil im the United States was whole amount of tonvage was 469,393 tons, A Lit 40,000 tops wes built st the South. The Maine, the extreme Lastern and Northern State of fedorscy, sbich bowts of its climate, 8 happily de us being eight montas winter and four monti weatber, buil, a fraction over one half of all the eb bark, and within a fraotion of one-thi d of the wh Lage Virginia built versela to the amount of 3. Bome three years since about a thourand men tro samme Blute of Maine, were cutting ship tlmber in V alicf which vas rhipped North, there to put to spr po ewa | part sent back to transport Southern pr Why has the Norih monopolized import trai rious causes have been aseigned, but principally the in the Kuropear pareago from the Southern to tho rb route to fake the ads au! of the current: mighty ocean river, as Maury calls It, the Guif § pativaal legislation upon the tari! und the Uaitec Bak. Sumething undoubtedly is due also to t! ‘bat at the Ume of the Revolution, 60 far as the 8 with other Southorn sates, Virginia has noter hi great love for the merchant. [er poiloy has bee Saicorene extent and somane cla Bhe hae d F energies, add applied capital principally ¢ colture. When he: imporia were largest it net the result of mercant'le shrewdness and 1 bot was rather a state of things ‘cod ber by circumstances which do act now Up to tho commence ment of the presen! century the of Commupication bet#een the AUuantic States wer | aud inconvenient, There was con; aretively but ll | teroours . botween them. As colonies, each was s¢ | ané distines frm the other, and bad managed 1s o veri mental affairs wilbout reference vo the other, & 8cmo pressing en ergenc’ fromize ‘out of Indian bos O what were known as Freucb wars. The o were in @- ery rerpect separate and distinct nation all the jealousies apd rivalries which have been get considered ar neoeerary to such @ condiion. Fa ported for itvelf. Some time elapsed after the a top the constitution before there was any marked ohs thie reapect. Trade in thore days was not eas!!y di frer its eld channels, i Virginia pack horse carry as large a load, at a» cheap a rate, as sovid ou Pbilscelphia or New York. Lot us, Mr, Presiden iat consideration some other circumstances, The ration of our country is peculiar. It bas by far the extensive ses const of apy nation. That coast |» iar wih barbors and bavs, which aro the reservoirs of rous rivers. Back from the seaboard, a chein of talos rears its lofty peaks, The first seitle meade by our forefathers were vpoa the 4 slopes. “Long yearn elapsed before any sctiie were made beyond those mountain barriers. Afier had beon made, long years rolled round before any | factiities for transpo:tatiun were s{lorded thom. early, however, in the present coutury, those im ments in locomotion commenced, which ha, duc pro great a revolution to the mercantile world—whic! dredged out 80 many Id aad diecovored 80 mans channels of t ade. tho virgin soll of the interior to yield tts rich barvests to the descendants of tae b the trapper aud Indiaa Sghier, sagacious men saw ti portance of con: truciing auch wor'.s as should obvis difficulties pature had tnierposed to a full, free and communication wih that interior. The State of Now took the lead. That emivent man who bas been e quently referred to by the gentlemen who have pre me, as having made an impress upon the history o reat State which no gnawing tooth of time can over: in the face of an opporition bitter and unscrapulow ried to svecersful comptotion the Erie canal. The ¢ of that work speak for themselves, im the glowing tr we bave gtbis day beard paid to New York wealt! power exo grestpess. Pasring over Mastachusofte its Western Railrosd, and Penosylyania wiv Uberal expenditures she has made to enablo to participwe tn the advantazes of the tnterior merce of ovr country, let & monent lo Maryland Ask thet eaterpr! and bospita vie from the city of Baltimore, of oar Vice Previdents, an: and Odio Railroad has bre Iife; that it has donbled it haa attracted enterp broad 5 gallant sore at home wtaied the objects bad |r » cure thoee objects it 1) by partctoate largely I> jut if we would ri wo moet build up & com preper for me to enlarge: enovgh to rhow tho: bo cht! Wo aro engag ing more thap ventions and en. Words fervinine, and ¢ Ttwill requires end persittent willis, woxtrons energy , abd Mo email ac Of capiral. As oo iraporiani step forward—the fret « the “Ocean Strom Forry,” as advocated 80 cloqueht!, day by its crigimator, should commend iteclf t Tt eeems to roe, Mr. Vresident, tbat, eo far as our par are coucerted, we have met ai the right place, ands Bo'h ime and placs do now adhere. = aS France ee = = year, under ‘apolcon, has increased in a much Jager ratio than ti England or the United Sates. Engisad, the “old end sure’ as we have called her, is et this nomen reo ing her untiring energies toa steam commercial rine. day ing evierp, ise whitch extorted for ame sailors the proud compliment from Barke, in tho Ke House of Commons, must be pat to ite full atrotch o foe of the olden time wii! agsin be mistress of the ing tt bot one sill ereater 1s da ening upon we 8 to the ma | The “onk leviathans’’ yielding to hugo, iron ribbed monsters, in w ‘abina the good ship Argo. could be kopt tt glass show would use the ee a tender Io this revolution, New York other Norihers cities have bot Litto the start of Each age bi sats of ts own triumphs. One epoch seoe heavens mapper out aud weighed {na balance: [a ano! ‘the art of printing ts discovered, Upen still anot Cawns & new world—this western continent. This 1 teenth century bas beon distiagaishoe for its impr iments, ts Inventions, aud tte discoveries im the arte ‘sciences which tond to ame!i rate the condition of aumat and to b te | ito one common brotherhood ail the nat of the earth, The s'eamboat, which * against the w agalont (he tide still steadion with her upright keel;'* ratvroad, with tte meteliic track, over whieb rushes tne tiring steed where Jungs are of iron, whove einows art stee!, aud whore posirils breathe out smoke ani fi o— have they not sccomplished? In our Aine\enth tury, one of our on American citizens bas givea a tion to the question asked by the Deity of Job—"-Cans fond lightnirgs, that they may go and say, and aaj thee, here we are?’ Across dooo rivers, wid bays, br continen's, and soon we hope to add acroam vast ooor stretch tbe electric *iror, along which,with a speed surge ing that of Puck, aod that laughs the lagging hours to oc flash messages of barinevs, of fricndehip, and of kc Am I pot, then, right, sir, io saying that this of all ott ia the A > awe e ae aw | on Ld en sands this Tority should not be allowed to ran out wotmaprer’ It te Certainly particviarly so with the State of Virgt | Our great public lines of travel are approachiag com Ls tion. In a short time the city of fg hg to i 33 ul £43: i i i z over te af potent ke Waoee who claim their tomt her living authors aro as familiar here as they L think, Mr. President, these reaolations contain virtues omission as well as of commission. It is well, sir, that 1 city, no State of the South hag beon designated as ihe Am rican terminus of the “Ocean Steam Ferry.” The dire ‘ions of that strong minded woman, Mistress (jiaes, for conking @cod‘ish are eminently practicai—First catch yor Geh. Jet us firet establish our projoot upon a firm bas by cing (he peceesary capital, and secure beyend + doubt the construction of our boats. When this is accor plished or put beyond doubt it will be time enough to we Ue the other question. When that hour arrives—all spec to ite coming—if we of the city of Norfolk oannot hold o the necessary Inducements to convjnce all that our ob