The New York Herald Newspaper, April 25, 1857, Page 4

4 . ANOTIER BROADSIDE PROM BLI THAYER. | roves ts sec oan ey a z cate i Our State contains a large and most valuable domain of G@LORIOUS NEWS FROM OLD VIRGINIA | county. 11 « sparsely sewed, owing perhaps, to ~ manny Maw we are a bowler precy ey Very Interesting Letters of Welcome from oa withis reach of the Atlantic magnets, Bat her Western Appenines. while this is on the amount of our productive labor $6 diminishing. Present drain of our slave population , $e Jae cottan cod mugen Rietessawing Oe the high prices of Issues for the Border Slave States, } isbor ste suyfued, except by emigration fromthe free Wow Political Issues States or by introducing it from Burope by means of auch wr merry agencies as your company offers? Iam, ees zi Are they for “The Neighbors”? or against EXTRACT FROM LETTER No. 3. . them !---For an Invasion 0: an Army of bay lias . 7 dj t rd or itt ete ere sige aa nay Satin 0 ‘The lave Changed from Niggers to Whit Men— Prem Free Boil to Sub-Soil—From Philanth-opy to Dollars and Cents, &e, &o., ae. ‘Worcaeren, April 21, 1897. > Becorr— Bean SI take the liberty to send you a few extracts ef Virginia, earnestly soliciting for thoir ‘dilapidated Mate the eurplus money and population of the free States ‘ema of Burope,” : : ‘We may hereafter submit to the public the views of @timens of Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri. ‘We politicians of Fastern Virginia will probably now Ihave time to rest and meditate upon their policy. Better Gare have come from other and more inviting sections, B a national and patriotic view of this question, it is ob- view: that a proper balance of power betwoen the East and the Weet requires our strength at present on the At- Iamtic seaboard. Eastern Virginia, to this end, should have our surplus money and population for the next three years. But we shall not force our favors upon her at a merifice to ourselves. Profit, not patriotism, is the duty @f business corporations. Western Virginia has proffered a friendly welcome fit to be considered, perhaps accepted. Kentucky has presented the strongest inducements yet e@ered from any quarter—pledges of good will and a cor- @x) reception—cheap lands in abundance, full of mineral ‘wealth, fertile, well timbered, healthy and accessible, ‘Mixsouri has not yet presented’ many claims. We wait fer a more full display of her numerous attractions. Her wadeveloped resources are without limit. Let us continue to hear from the progressive sons of Werth Carolina and Tennessee. They speak hopefully and wel , Applications to go are as numerous as invitations to come 1am, sir, yours, &., Liebe ‘The Carmick and Ramsey Claim. OPINION OF ATTORNEY GENERAL BLACK. ArrorNey GENERAL'S Ornice, April 7, 1857. Hon. A. V. Brows, Postmaster General:— Sir—Your letter relative to the claim of Edward H. Car- mick and Albert C. Ramsey for dymages under the act of Congress passed August 18, 1856, and asking my opinion on certain questions therein propounded, has been duly re- ceived, and I bave considered the case. The claimant’s counsel haye handed in a written argu- ment, in which I am urged not to answer your questions, on the ground that your department has no concern with the matter. If this were true in point of fact, I might law- fully send back your communication without a reply. But what right have I to believe it? Iam sure you have business enough op your hands to give you abundant em- ployment, without volunteering to take charge of a ciaim whose adjustment lies outside of your sphere. Iam bound to presume (and I do presume) that it does concern the business of your department to know what the law is on the points you have presented. I would not have referred in this letter to the argument I have men. tioned, exceyt for the reason that it gives me an opportu- nity of stating the rule by which I shall always be gov- erbed, namely, never to decline answering a question pat by the head of’ a department, at the instance ‘of a private party who desires me to be ‘silent, Besides, it is obvious to me that your department is concerned with the-business to which your interrogatories refer. The claim mentioned in your letter arises out of a contract for carrying the mails. If it be unjust, the rights of the government must be protected by somebody. It cannot be pretended that the Comptroller is to decide upon an exparte heaiang. And who should produce the evidence and make the defence it) not the Postmaster General? It was upon this view that the Comptroller gave you notice of his intention to proceed with the investigation: What defence you shall make, or ly two thousand men, women and children have epplied for some position in the front ranks of the contem. plated invasion. Every day swells the great Army of Dedeeiry. ‘Bo give individuality to this élass of citizen heroes, as ‘well as to indicate their friendly and peaceful purposes, ey will hereafter be called The Neighbors. With sub- sel ploughs they will commence their attack some where ext September. Where shail we go with our annual army of one hun- ved thousand ‘neighbors?’ They will average in pro- pesty at least $200 each, and will be worth to the State of ‘Beir adoption not Jess than $1,000 each, making in all one Imandred and twenty millions of dollars every year. ‘What State will most tempt this friendly invasion, that feemes with churches, and schools, and presses and the ‘wwofu) arts—that builds up cities, and towns, and villages, ema palaces of labor—that brings commerce, and enter- Prive, and industry, and crowning wealth—that marks its yeth with cottages and vineyards, with corn fields and erebar’s ‘We hope to bear further, through private letters and Pubic journals, from Kentucky, Virginia and Missouri. ‘Where shall we “strike in” next September with our wubeoi) ploughs? whether you shall make any, depends upon the construc- tion of the law you inquire it. It seems that Messrs. Cormack & Ramsey, on the the Ith of 1853, made @ contract with 3 2 E F F E i « Crug to San Francisco, by way of A¢apulo, at the sum of $424,000 per annum for four years, “commencing from the time that Congress shall ratify this contraet.’’ The contract further stipulates that it is‘ to have no force or validity unl it shall have received the sanction of Congress by the passage of an appropriation to carry itinto effect.” Gohgress has never, down to the present time, made any such appropriation. It does not appear that the contractors carried the mails under this contract or incurred any expense in ing todo so But it {x not material whether they did or did not, ince they ‘were distinetly warned that the government would not be Jiable until the sanction of Congress should be given; and they themselves admitted that they so understood their nights and obligations. Your immediate predecessor, Mr. Traly yours, Campbell, did net approve of the contract. He so stated FL THAYER. | 4) nis report and in his. correspondence with the contract- EXTRACT FROM LETTER NO. h ors ; but he never declared that he had any intention net a ture — to carry it out if Congress would ratify it by au appropria- by Mas es ER on. Your first question is whether the contract was valid and binding. I answer this in the affirmative. The hw thorizes the Postmaster ( 1 to make contracts for carrying the mails from one point of the United Sutes to another, through « foreign country. The pre- to have been iz this contract ng in all its parts. The contractors fection on its head, and sub- One of its terms it the contractors 1 Jd be glad to throw out some ideas bearing upon your plans for the renovation of our shamefully abused nd dilapaiated Sate. ‘The two great curses of Virginia are slavery and party @emocracy, or negro and party skvery. ruled by a set of stereotyped idiers as fatal to all progres: ae the wails of the Chinese empire ever were to all inter. ‘ewarse between the Celestials and “outside barbarians.” Bese idiers are sustained by a party press for part, , with @ virulence and pertinacity only equall the wilful ignorance apd prejudices of their blind Milatuated devotees. Where is there a State with su Bawstiess resources as Virginiay Look at her @&mate and her water power and her mineral wealth ‘Mer mountain water courses and her valleys want no- fing but Northern enterprise and intelligence to make them ® bundred fold more prolific in ali the elements of material wealth and the highest Christan civilization. The eaheo! house and the church will follow the loom and the sevi—abor will become associated then, not as now, with al and moral degradation efinement and moral States, compared her natural advan . is @ moral and {ntellec J, fit only to be taken and trans the provisions expressed in it. til Congress should apy could not be called on for any service, nor the government be required to make any pay This part of contract is as binding a8 any other, and neither party right to disregard it. It certainly does not bind the nt to regard Carmiek and Ramsey as ils from Vera Cruz to San amd to be My reason for « because the contract is voxl, but for t reaxop—Decause it is valid, and becaus agreed that no such effect shall be given to the occurrence of an event which never hap Was the contract abrogated by the Postmaster Gene ral? Certainly not. There is no act of that officer which can possibly be so construed, He did not paid for doing this is not it is expressly except upon 1 bind ferred to another—a nursery of white drones content to | himself and his successors to recommend the rath feed upon the reluctant aud Unprofitad’ fication of the contract by Congress, It was his duty to express his honest conviction in his report, and it would have been gross misbe Nor wae there anything inconsistent in warning the parties that they must proceed ‘own responsibility, nor in the justructions to the postmas. ters at New Orleans and San Francisco to let them h mails without further order from the department. thix wae but carrying out the contract and acting upon it, according to the +tipulations which beth parties had put inte it with their own free will. The government was to incur no reepouribility and to be holden for no expenses ‘The contractors were to exercise no rights as euch, and to claim ho payment until Congress would make an appro- eneral claimed nothing for the table labor of involuntary rervit Gee part of the laboring clase, devoid of the stimulus of pro. gremive accumulation, |+ nated, not by the amount of ‘werk accomplished, but by ew can labor prosper in connection with the the c: ‘waste and evasive sloth which are Ue necessary atte slave labor’ it is impossible. Ihave had # fair opportunity of seeing the working of the system from my childhood, and 1 believe that all ite jes, whether we ¥ 2 in & moral oF political ‘arc evil, evil only, and that continually; and I say ‘With more reference to ite influences upon the white- fae upon the blacks. | think the masters are mo ‘eotayemionated than their slaves, and that the worst in. J) priation. Postinaster } ayy is its retlex influence upon those holding | government beyond what he bargained for. He warned the contractors againet making any effort to bind upon the * * * back of the government a burthen which it was expressly comes that oor cannot or | agreed that hotmnd except that of Unogress should pro- ¢ lives and property of Je, indus. | same to fasten there. He stood upon the very terms af the law abiding citizens, then might will make } contract, and only asked uf the other they, too, wouldobserve them with equal faith. He did not change the schedule of Toutes in connection, nor order the postinaeters to let Carmick & Rameny have the mail. It was not his duty to do so; for as thoe persons had no contract which compelled them to carry a mail, it would have been wrong to let them have it in their charge. Upon the whole, Tam very clear in the opinion that the contract in question pever was abrogated, annulled, rescinded or violated by the Post. master General, in letter or spirit. %. But an the 18th of Angust, 1856, Congress passed a cp Be euch a contiiet, though it would indeed be a general enlamity , yet if provoked, it is one in which the South will foe to lose and nothing to gain; her most ter im ber own border, and the only friend on which ‘could rely to protect her from its future fury tarned to enemy. Her case would be desperate indeed instead of the friendly and peaceable invasion which , carrying with you the arts, the manufactures commerce of the North, whose pacific triumphs ad d@eudd be proclaimed by school houses and churches, and | law requiring the Comptrolicr of the Treasury to adjust the p——ly ‘sith the gracefal wreaths of a purer aud higher | damages to Carmick & Ramsey on account of the abrogn- @rfxauion, I suppose Sharp's rifles woukd have a part to | Won of this same contract, and award them according to law, equity and juctice, what be should find to be due. Does this compel you and the Comptroller to ignore the beritage of our fathers. truth and shut your eyes upon the fact that the contract 1 i : ‘Tmeet beartily wish you God speed in your proposed | never was abrogated at all? Undoubtedly Congress may —_—* sti order the im the Treasury to be paid Wo a person ° . . - . . who has no claim upon the goverpinent, as well as toa just Tam, &o., &e. creditor. If Congress had chosen to say that Carmeti & . Ramsey should have half a ruiilion of dollare ag a gracious SEYRACT YROM LETTER NO. 64. gift, the executive could not refure wo pay it, no matter bow Se hae, be — clear the proof might be that the law was auadvised and -_— * . . . . > * | wrong. recital in such a law, that the sum tw Tam much pleased with the project of which I esteem | be paid was intended as compensation for damages the bead, viz: colouizing “‘old Virginia,” and I hope { which never accrued, would-jnot take away the ‘will go ob with your good work and reap a rich re. | right of the party to receive what was given. The legis ward, AP pocket and conscience. lative will expressed in the constituuwonal form is enough, ‘There is ene part of your article from which you must | without more, to avouch a legislative act. But here is a eBew me to dissent, and that is, your avoiding the west. | law which docs not give t the claimants any specified exp @ounties for the eastern. There are hundreds of | sam of money. The amount which they may lawfully demand is to be ascertained by the Comptroller. To euable him to do this a standard or rule is furnished to him, and | i of the very best timbered lands wi the ‘western countier—Pleasant, Wood, Jackson, f |, Cabell, Wayne, Kanawha, Nicholas, Ran- [| upon that be must base bis calculation. He shall allow Seay Fagor, Boone nd fan that can be had. them the damages due to them on account of the ‘cliunate in western Virginia i one of the finest in | abrogation of their contract. He violates his duty if be fhe workd, equal to lialy, and the grape thrives ax well | «lows them what is not due on that particular account. In ee & any jartof Ohio, abd is a most profitable crop, as | viher words, he can do no more than make them a Jou bo doubt are well aware. $1,000 per acre has been | compensation for the sajury which they have suffered in heared this reason. $200 to $400 per acre is considered | irect © nee of the abrogation of their contract by ry yield. All it wants is Yankee enterprise and | the Powtmaster General. Now, if the contract was never . apital, and western Virginia will become one of } abrogated, ite abr never any : the most rour parts of the Union. Climate, sail | aud of course it follows that they have no olaim under od i in Ke favor far aboad of the eastern or | law. This view of the eubject is made still plainer by pS veer, oy reference to another clause, which that 1 hope to eee another artiele from you in the New Yor the Comptroller shall award and wo the mun shortly, reviewing the question; that yoo will alco Claimants the ameunt found due, according to law, equity wequire about the lands in the counties 1 havo | and justice. The obvious tmeahing of this is to = Fixe ie claimants what “they might recover if the You may, porhape, think me 6 ve i and —~ wh BOT bee ie ly where justice is ves. is not the OK rules of law and In ho pam en court they would have to. case, for bo jumiesal tht Eee for & wrong that was never an t very eengulmly to enjoy some years of ‘whe ape Hie canno damages account of the abrogation bat of the contract without inquiring when, how what remot oe te ee cas of pour money’ia the pare! aad to what extent, it was “ir tie tne = 1 Sure, "pes sbtogeed or all Be will lave foceeed eae You will progress with your good work, T am, , me eee, limita of ie rwer, fre ot authorized wo award them EXTRACT FROM LETTER NO. 87. Mr, Bu haven —— . . . . . . ‘The mountainous partons of Virgiria are, prospectively, the mort valuable, pomeeesing, asite from their agrecable ‘ hracite, cannel and bite: Oproanos To ax Uscowenrenional Law my Masucte: for the Catawba A from which, by cuitiva: he Catawba grabe, | germ.—In the Common Council of Newburyport, Mase, on the 20th inst., the following resolutions were adopted — Whereas, the Legislature of this Commonwealth has clear that growing it is eee 80 country can exer ther regions. EXTRACT FROM LETTER wo, 39, saved to ite third reading a resolve for the relief of Kan- is far. which taking from the State . . . . . * | the com of one bundred thousand dollarg; and whereas with al of interest, your lever | th age of ‘a resolution is a violation of the con: iw Mr Be New njust and oppressive to the citizens of the Com. Homeste nya k | th, therefore ya ‘ portion of ived, That the City Council, in bebalf of the citizens apie of Virg nia can bave any obecuon to an enterprise | of Newt De Such ole poaselid a sbaracier as Vas oOo you Fe: cabpent weg Of he funds of the Saye for euch ® purpose ryport, earnestly protest against the illegal and | (i: eu agai Ou W: shington Correspondence. ‘Wasmmeron, April 21, 2857. The Pacifiz Wacon Roads—Pretis Arrangements of the Secrdary of the Interior—Names and, Antecedents of the Commissioners Appointed to Superintend the Execution Of the Roads—Course which the Several Lines are to Run— Camels to be Used in the Preliminary Surveys—Character of the Country to be Traversed—Artesian Wella, déc., de. ‘The Secretary of the Interior has made his ‘selection of commissioners and nearly completed hig arrangements for the wagon reads, under the provicions of a Dill, originating in the Senate, appropriating five hundred and fifty thousand dollars for three great highways across the Territorial portion of our continent, from east to west. In reviewing this mater in connection there will neces” sarily be a repetition of some facts, which have been pub_ lished from time to time in the Hugatp since the bill be. came a law. ‘The law provides— Commencing at Fort Kearney, this road will follow up the north fork of the Platte river, keeping upon the north. “ern ov southern bank wherever the emigrant necessities } of wood, water and grass are'the most accessible and in ‘The commissioners may find it best 10 cross-and recross this river several times. Leaving the Platto at or nedr the mouth of esinabsciga tit acy cathe oh hphd pase up this latter stream, bag its rise in the South Pass. It must be remembered that this ig no moan- tain gorge, with overhanging. cliffs, or rocky bed’ of some mountain torrent, buta hilly depression in the great Rocky Mountain chain, so gentle in its topographical fea turee, that to a stranger, the tributaries of Green river flowing west, would be the first indication met with of hie having passed the summit. From the South pass thix northern road will be made nearly due west, with perhays little inclination seutherly, until it has passed the meri- dian of the great Salt Lake, then inclining more to the south, will have to cross the Goose creek and Humbokit mountains, to the head waters of the Humboldt river. The road’ will follow down this river, whose general course is westerly, until it makes an ‘abrupt turn to the southward. Here the road will leave it, making as direct a course as possible to Honey lake, situated in latitude 40 20, longitude 120 10 on the borders of Qulifor- nia. West of the South pass the general course of the chains of hills or mountains are north and south, with fine valleys ketween. This will increase the labor of commis- sioners Kirk and McGraw, and render a very careful examination of the country necessary before finally de ciding onthe line of road. Indeed it should be remem dered that wherever these various roads are selected, set tlements will follow, public and private money be ex- pended, and a Pacific railroad follow, as the natural con- necting link toa long line of settlements, over the moxt splendid cattle and sheep pastures on this continent. The Secretary has divided this road into an eastern and a western division, under two commissioners, entirely dix counected. This arrangement is a judicious one, as it will enable the Secretary to accomplish’ the point—of se much consequence to the emigration and to California—of having the road completed in as #hort.a time as possible, much Jess than if only one party of engineers and workmen were to be organized. Indeed, it is a summer’s work to merely pass over this northern emigrant road, to say nothing of road making, crossing, as it does, the whole of Utah and much the larger portion of Nebraska, I say a summer's work, because in winter it may be said to be at present practically impassible from snows. ‘The labor of road making must here commence in early spring, as soon as the grass has sustenance enough to sup- port the animals, and be discontinued early in the fall, ex. cept in some of the valleys to the northward of Salt Lake, where the altitude is lower than it is near the South pass, or near the Sierra Nevada. ‘W. M. F. Mc6raw, now of Missouri, formerly of Penn sylvania, has ben appointed ¢ommis=ioner for the eastern half of this northern road, extending about to the longitude of Salt Lake Cay. John Kirk, of California, has received the appointment ‘of commissioner for the remainder af this road. Commissioner MeGraw will fit out at St. Louis, and pro- ceed with all proper despatch westward. Mr. McGraw's former with the government was of a character to recommend him as a inissioner. He was one of the pooneer the Mormon mail, the Qeengp etree f nce, Missouri, to Great Salt Lake Oty. Theed that the elements caused a failure Of this service every Winter, wutil now it is, seut one half the year via California, Hardly a winter passed but the enterprising contractor lost some lives, and his animals were uniformly froze to death in attempting the passage throngh the snows, ‘Commissioner Kirk will take the steamer for San Fran- cisco to fit out in Sacramento City, so far as the skeleton of bis expedition is concerned: but he will depend on hiring quite a portion of his labor from the emi grants, whom be Will meet bound to California: indeed the whole of Com. missioner MeGraw’s party might be hired, to be discharged it Lake City, whenoe they can . Kirk was vanal contractor in Pennsylva nia and Ohio; then contractor on various railroads in IN. no®; while as to road making, ho was a contractor on the rat national turnpike of ‘est. In California he is well known as having built the Sacramento levee of 1853, and also for having completed and extended the great Sonth Fork canal, to supply a large portion of Fl Derado county h water for mining purposes. Mr. K. resides in Phi: ‘ville, The people of California will no doubt be pleased with this selection of commissioner. Wm. F. Nobles, of Minnesota, was a strong applicant for one of these commissionershipe, but tt was decided that sid remain as superintendent of the read fram Fort | in Minnesota, to the South pass, for which the Congress of 1865-6 appropriated fifty thousand dollars. Tnaemuch as the rea from Fort Kearny to the South pase is a well defined one at this moment, Commissioner MeGraw may have instructions to push over this much of his live, dev his time the coming summer to the mountain country west of the South pase. Some few miles of this road may also be placed under the charge of Com- misioner Noble, as an addition to his Fort Ridgely and South pass road, ‘The central read, by the statute, “Provides for an ex penditure of fifty thousand dollars for the construction of & Wagon read from Fort Defanc ‘w Mexico, to the Cole rado river, near the mouth of the Mohanna river.’” ‘The river apelt“Mohanna,”” wae probably intended for the Mojahe, whieh «in the Sierra Nevada mountain« about latitude 34 deg. .. longitude 117 deg. 10 min west, flows northwardiy, thence northeasterly, disap pearing in the sands of the desert seventy-five miles west of the Colorado, between which and this ket named river ¢ denert, d |, water or grass. ry ef the Interior turned the construction of er to the Secretary of War, for the reason that the Quartermaster’s Department of New Mexico could fur nish the outfit on the spot, oro much a= was deemed necessary for a preliminary survey which the limited s..m jated eeemed to render necessary. guider that ne wagon read can made trough along what is known im the line of the thirty-fifth parallel, without an immense expenditure of money. ‘The Pacific Railroad surveyors have eel the line ©: plas the best wagon road the year nerthern one, via South pase, is ac knowled ae best for eeven months of the year; and the central one, referred to above, has been selected by some of them ax the best route over which to drive stock to Ca!) The flerce Navaje Indians are The Secretary of War has selected | Indian Commissioner in California, to superintend the -t tral road. It haa been suggested that the camels at pre sent pastared and in use at San Antenio, Texas, should be employed in making @ preliminary examination of this road; but Iai satiefled they could do better service for the country, with less danger of being killed and eaten by the Indians, if they were to be used in recopnoitering the desert west of Fort Yuma, where there is a streteh of eighty miles without water, alxo with less danger of Indian incursion. Only camels can be used there to advantage. On the road, the law provides two hundred thousand dollars ‘for the construction of a wagon road from Fl Paso,on the Rio Grande, to Fort Yuma, at the mouth of the Gila river. Ae ga He H ii reservoirs by damming up stroame, ny in this way; alee, |. nets common wen; haoeh' adopt every means w! scope of the appropriation which is much too small, when you by yy ding & road, there is w supply of water to be red as of primary impertanee. Secretary bas appointed Ca Texas, as commissioner on this Sout ‘This gentleman was originally a canal contractor in Ohio and Michigan. After that he was in Col, Doniphan’s expe- dition, employed in the Quartermaster's department. Con tinuing in thie servies after the close of the war, he went in the spring ef 1849 aa Quartermaster’s agent with t 1 175 wagons which accompanied the rifle regi t to Oregon. Since that time he haw been to Balt Lake A nember of times, to Fort Yama, and also along the river. His recommendationg were from the Senqtors: private secretary It now depel upon there wagon roads. js upon the commissioners whether Cali- fornia and the Western States are to have good roads for the money voted by Congress. Should the work be done to the satisfaction of the public, no doubt farther sums will be liberally voted to complete that which can only be com- menced under their appropriations. of this latter fi there can be no doubt, more particularly as regards the central road, the southern road and the'western baif of the northern road The Telegraphic Plateau and Deep Sea Soundings. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HEARLD, Now, on the eve of the sailing of the Niagara on her mission of laying the Trans-Atlantic Telegraph, it may be of intereet to review the survey made by our own govern: ment of the great telegraphic plateau extending between Ireland and Newfoundland. Seldom before has a question of delicate scientific interest been so closely allied to another of such prodigious practical importance, for on the accuracy of certain deep sea soundings small degree the successful laying pf the Up to four years «ince no attempt had will hang in no telegraphic eabie. been made to ob: tain the depth of the North Atlantic above the latigude of 45 degrees, South of this the chart is e very where dotted with soundings made from the Albany, Dolphin and half a doaen other of our government vessels, largely indebted to Lieut. Maury, wh for which we ai 0 first caused all officers who yolanteered their services to be supplied with the proper sounding apparatus, and has to reduce and classify the results of their labors. since done mach One or two vessels were specially detached on this service, bring- ing back returns of great scientific interest t. The difficulties to be overcome were enormous, from defective apparatus and the novelty of the work; still, some soundings were ob- tained which may be considered as a very near approxima- tion to the truth, indicating a depth consilerably Jess than two miles; nor was this greater Dolphin near the Cape Verd Islands. epapning the Alantic was serious) Captain nrryman, in the Dolph ‘ay rryman, in tl in, the triangle formed by ‘New York? Jn 1856, when. the telegraphic. p1 roject, the point of realization, our government offered to examine route the nearest ow ) Irel little screw steamer Arctic. ‘at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, was detached command of the proposed foundland then lying for this service and placed under ‘Berryman. Leaving she reached St. Jons on the 20th, and i and.” The 8 Commenced ‘sounding as near he'great circle as pomsibie, yassing the north end of the Great Banks in 120 fathoms ‘water; then at Intervals of 30, 40, 60 and 100 miles sound- ings Were made with complete success, volving many hours, both night and day. and hard work, losing at times two ©1 fathoms of line, sounding apparatus and all. ngs was kreat unifermity being found in ther rewwrns; and on the 22d of August the party arrived in the harbor of Queens Irich coast, the distance of the sound: town. After recruiting officers and men, and of fuel, she sailed on her return trip on ber. Tro 10th, when they renewe between their former so cessful casts were obtaine miles, Such is the narrative of thi appreciation ef the importan wir work, fil both sides by the profler of every attention which English hospitality could devise The accuracy of these returns has bee igh authority at b am of prodigions intet sounding ma; of lines hav turn. With a heavy or three miles of line and the curranta ane countercurrents that separate you from the bot tom. Increase both, and your apparatus is un bie. Add tO this allowance for drifage and and undercurrents, » then the i rikes bet ie yparently ov is dixeour: tthe same point to find a defferes tw of one-half, and this was the experience of tarily a suspicion arises ax to the accuri rections. Having litd ance in the vieed, Lieutenant Berryman made use of a self registering sounding apparatus which has for years Englith navy. To the lead is attached, on the principle of the screw propetier, a piece of clockwor! u revolutions made by the Avery beautiful in team reel, worked the vessel, brings These have been , and proving delicacy of form and fragility of stroctare that the bed of the ocean ie undisturbed by, the currents and agitations of particles the pelegraphic Such is the machine by which the retarns of the Arctic have been obtained. The prejudices of Maury have, how ever, been long directed in favor of the oki system of tind. the surface. Amid these flee; cable would sink as in a snow ing bottom with a sim line and 4c oa him (Law) in the sum of $30, for money which he offers as a set off to the phaintitt ‘The case war quite a matter of account ny principelly consisted of deporitions w the Court. Verdict [0 plaintiT, $15,733 79, than that obtained by the Albany in the neighborhood of the West Indies, nor from the When the projeet of ly proposed, Lieutenant ury was able to conjecture from this data that a materi- ally greater depth would not be found north of the paraliel opinion sustained by the explorations of in 183, on the ‘England and the Azores. ce vat. New York on the night of July 18, ith the machinery detained them until th: aptation of weight, with the same uncertain re jead the line is apt to part If light, power is wanting to overcome the friction of tw: not overstated, as the reader pages of Maury’s sailing di screw + ‘this -made one ascertaining the depth by the amount of line ont, it is told by the hauels of this little machine, which, being attached to the sinker, dexeends in almost a'true line to the whole affair, with its precious freight of infuroria and submarine specimens, to the enrface subjected to miscroscepie examination. to be novel and untried. As to by Tard: lines. of seemed to be ou points of Net n a couple of day but frequently in , of great suspense ¢ three thousand Nearing the reased , taking in a supply the 4th of Septem ling up the blank n questioned by ¢ been tried, with wt direc acy of the © system bere ad. been in ue in the kK for registering in the de fe, that in vention relieves it by the engine of by weir sinker, and be "# claim. ‘and the testimo. hich were road to News, dic., from Our Correspondents. Osuxoss Crrx, Wisconsin, April 11,—Like many other flourishing places in the West, this town stands where, about fifteen years ago, there was nothing but a howling wilderness, Its fine geographical position has been one the chief elements of its rapid growth and prosperity. Situated on the Fox river, near its conftuepce with lake Winnel De rutiiu! sheet of water, miles Mba tealte wid rte con oe seeks ‘Meauabont 168 NEW YORK POLITICS. miles northweste ly 0; the Wolf river to the heart of the (tax-payers of the Mate will soon be informed, pine regions, and :out) the “Father of Waters,” | manner more significant than any words of ours me he and north to the zrcat lakes. climate is proverbially vey, that expenses of the government have been healthy. Even f ver and ague, which is so generally pre- increased, and its resources so valent in the West'rn States, is entirely unknown here. | the after looking in vain in ether ‘The growth of shit place daring the last two has Deen very remark: b! ‘Its population, now 8,000, is double w! eighteen months since, and is by pe increasing by fresh arrivals from the Eastern and ler Western States. We have at present no railroads Just here, several constructed , but there are which added to the school tax .»1 $800, ‘will in the eourse of the ‘summer enter me pe emsionead: ‘own cme pte ey. S and connect it with Lake on the east, and the | municipalities, and the immense revenue ived from» Mississippi on the west. Our city corporation (for we consumption by the general government, make an aggre- have a Mayor and five aldermen) have with a | gate of taxation, such as we believe is not borne by ie to have gasworks erected here this sum- Chicago company . mer, of sufficient capacity to supply 2 population of 30,000. of any government on the globe, Ne + M The canals which were formerly a source of revenue -.. It is confidently believed that in less five years Osh- 1 yoyernment, are now unable to sustain the immense bur-- hosh will rank only seoond to Milwaukie of any'city in the | Yen of debt witich, improvident legislation has case wpe Ftate, as nature bas been mest bountiful of her favors © | them; and under the competition of rival routes, of our” it, and its population is of the most active, industrious and } own and adjoining States, and the continued reduction of” «nterprising character. tolls, whieh it Cmcaco, April 15.—I was one of your first and earliest ‘es necessary, the danger is that the de- ficits in revenues to meet the growing demands of interest. of ubscribers when first you openéd your litte offiee in Nan- “Md will be jacreased- ge au meee" treed In Now Yor, md for macy | ets heise anna ia naet e né Central Atnerica;” these countries tiow offer: | *DSPeL fhies debt: Ase, doc, ~ as my soul been i by the sight of my Old friend f /ctnal State debt Jan. 1,1857.... ho Hema! ‘The yreat ha Aa. she fathan peeeent stimated want to complete appears to be for Kansas Towa, ‘and Wis- (Sen. doc. 10, page 66)... cousin, Having vieited these Territories ‘T.can from’ } We add for short estimate, ++ 1800000 6,009 000 senna, and experience in regard to their Law future. Tami sare © stating through your columns $37,458,083 my opinion as4o which of these Territories or States emi- | Deduct cash on hand 30th September, 1856, be- grants, particularly those of the Northern States and who | — tonging to the Sinking Fund, for the payment are practical farmers, will, taking all the circumstances in- | _ of the Canal debt... ceseesses 1,259,000" Leaving debt on the completion of the canals —————» chargeable by the constitution primarily on the canal revenues, and then upon direct in te consideration, find it most to their advantage to settle in. Wisconsin is my chotce, for the ing reasons : First, good water, a healthy climate, plenty of wood, all kinds of grain and fruit grow in abundance, an intelligent popula- tion, railroads traversing every part of the State, and a home market at almost every door. It is interspersed with es and etreams,and abounding with fish and game. ‘The time is not far distant which will witness the value of all the middle portion of that State at fifty dollars and up- wards for an acre. The pineries are supposed to be loss in value than the prairie and oak openings. This is not #0 at present. There are lands there now that cannot be pur- chased for two hundred dollars per acre. There are how AOS oat plete maa e+ ++2+ + 836,199, 043. This resuit is the effect of the departure of the State froma the wise and prudent policy of the Canal Board of which was to provide for the extinction of the exis debt, and to devote the surplus revenues to the enlarge ment, “without having recourse to new loans for that pur- pose.” ‘The result of the two policies is no longer @ mat- ter of conjecture, but has been tested by facts which are In 1836, the original debt for the Erie and Chamj y i more than three shingle makers, lumbermen and } Canals, (about $7,000,000) had been provided for, others in these dense forests, and if a shingle maker, with | existing debt for other canals was about $2,760,000. The his machine, cannot make twenty dollars per day and | figures composing the following table, down to 1856, in- drink his quart of whiskey, he won’t work. The le | clusive, are taken from 191, of Doc. 10, of the Senate makers five te eight dollars for asingle | of 1857, being the report made by the Auditor, of the finances of the canals, with an estimate for 1857, and explain how the system of applying the surplus revennew to hyd canals would have worked without the necessity of ew loans: frequently pay tree. The lumbermen will take a whole tree and throw it in astream but a trifle wider than the tree itself, and, as they term it, log it down tosome larger water.’ This is done only when the xnow is. going off in the spring, or when there is a rise of water in the fall of the year. Exp. of collec- mount some high eminence on a cold, frosty morning, and Gross wolls én tion, superin- “Ne prow cast your eye over these dark forests phe vere og each fiscal denceandord. ceeds""eacky smoke standing, like the shaft of Bunker Hill monument, wear, in the air, is indeed a sight worth seeing. ae Sine Caskxovia, N. Y., April 17.—The maple sugar crop is con | ASAE enormous. The average run for years back has been 504,757 1,151,066 three pounds per tree; this year it goes from four to seven ee Las pounds per tree. I know one man who hag thirteen eua'sed betty hundred trees tapped, and has made already five thousand 531,145 1/422,688 and sap still running freely. The sap is sweeter 636,857 1,751,590 By tity’ per cout than for some years provions. Sugar bs 738,106 1637/42 going in small quantities at 1s. and larger at 10c. 639,353 2,150,406 If the license law is signed by the Governor it will create 700 2,819,048 another liquor issue, for it is the most atrocious law ever 850 2,301,115 ed. It takes away from all the small dealers all malt 803 Acard uors and gives them mathaglin, currant wine, &c., and $35,905 2,587, taverns movopolize the whole trade, Mark my words for 1730 2,796,268 it, this law will raise the devil to pay. v4 erg Tee Tet, ee laasie UNION COURSE, L. 1-—TROTTING. 633 Teaser A most capital trot came off on Wednesday last over the 000 1,900,008 Union Course, mile heats, best three in five, in harness- between a bay mare owned by C. Hoagland, the bay geki ing General Darcy, and the chestnut gelding Ariel, The ‘Day mare won in three etraight beats, the time made ‘was very, ‘k—remarkably so for so early a period of the season. ‘was the mare’s first on the turf, She is avery good one, and the judgment of the spectators was decidedly favorable to her. She was gene- rally conceded to be @ Bashaw, from her strong resom Diance to that fine breed of trotters, both in looks and ac- tion—but we have been credibly informed that she was | of put orks completed fired by a Canadian pacer, and that the advantage of being able so dam is unknown. General Darcy was the favorite previous | competition, and to control to the start, at long odds, in some instances 100 to 40. Arie! | ing trade between the ocean and the far West. was drawn in the second heat, aad left the bay mare and hile the effects of an unwise and imnprovident financial) General Darcy to finish the race themselves. The affair } policy are thus beginning to be realised by the people. im. ‘was a most exciting one throughout, and resulted as be ore stated, in the mare winning the race. The following is the summary — Uso Scovrse —On Yretneoday, April 22.—Purse, $60, truction of the channels of industry and the bar. upon p and labor, the Legislature, instead of reeking by a wise ecouomy to’ alleviate them, vated them by extravagance and wastefulness unexam- Jed in the history of the State. Of over 800 acts passed ihe o mile heats, best three in five, in se. J. Conway entered b. m... 1.1.1 | tthe the recent ‘session, (an unparalleled number, and S. McLaughlin entered b. g. 322 Lehre Rect to a people already vexed with 0 J. Perrin entered ch. g. Ariel. ‘ 2 Br, ff much legislation) the large majority were for the creation f new offices, the increase of einoluments to governmens al employés,’ or the allowance of claims upon the treasu- y for extra compensation for work. So frequent has been the interposition of the Legislatare ° extend relief to this class of claimants that the provisiog in the constitution which requires that ‘‘all contracts for Timo—2:30—2 '36—2'30. GEORGIA RACES—CHATTAHOOCHEE COURSE. Coveaues, Ga., March 31.—The spring races over the Chattahoochee course, near Columbus, commenced Tues- day, the dist ult. with a sweepstake race for three your olds, mile heats, $200 entrance, half forfeit, Out of ten ana eatrles, oly waree cet showed. “The race resulted as | Person who shal ofr -4o.or provide the. same at UDO o— ‘adeq perform- Puryear & Wateon’s b. c. Charleston, by imp. Sovereign, peso cy! Cal were ple iy a weishe Heaek have ‘out of Milwoor : . --1 0 2 1 | refused to grant the nine millions of dollars authorized 13. that provision, is practically set at nought; and the con- tractors are paid at rates often times higher than those of the highest bidders in the origiual competition for the con~ tract. It is not to be concealed that there is strong reason to be lieve that the corrupt influences which i vsenncins in the action of the late Congress, and which, on ote Jed to the expulsion of Messrs. Matteson, Rdwards and Gi bert from their seats in the House of ny eee ft had their influence in the Legislature of this Suate; and that the reckless spirit which induced it to extend its or in ald directions, high and Jow, and to ypare no right, no matter sacred of well settled, was, on the part of some of the 1461 ‘Two mile MeDunice!'s Kate Hunter Pryor’s Frank Allen... Caltey’s Beuy Hawkins Tine, “34469 Third Pay—Cub purse $600, three mile heats, and result: ed as follows — D. Mefaniel’s ch. k, Frankfort, €. 8. Pryor's br. b. Moidore,...: 2 ‘Time, 6:11-6:03 aoe stimulated by the instigations of s corrupt Fourth Day—Two mile heats, best two in three: Nor is this the only instance in which the letter and D. Metaaiet's Ses, Joon. -1 1} spirit of the constitution have been defied. For the par- |. E. Barton's aes tr. PO) ee 2 | pose of amassing political power in the hands of thelr par. Second Race—Ome tile heats, best three in five — hg eg fm Lh] = Rg —— * nn Hunter. . . . the choice of local officers, and sanctioned the usurpation: vr's Dobbin by the executive of the fame power, We point to the R. Haw’s Parkin's Puy Farlous acts, by which the administration of cites hap doen to bureaus appointed by the government’ at Albany , as the initiation of a ryntem of air LRAX™, April The race was for a jockey club RB proved fatal to the liberties was in favor | the aad wi 5 favored by generally to4 band }, have been rejected even by the thereaboute. The following i# the result: — monarchies of the Old World. and saving prime D. F. Kenner’s b. c. Whale, by Voucher, dam Dolphin, by le which rum hour, whole seen tr geverme imp. Leviathan, 2 years old, ij 8. M. Weetmore’s'ch. c. Red Jacket, by Ia Reino, by Trustee, @ years old...............2 2 | without it and without that in altatre A. 1. Bingaman’s b. ¢. )by Sovereign, dam Lucy Dash: whieb it affords, all attempts w éxtablish republics have wood, 3 years old o0 ss Dieceed 3 3 | failed. j, Fourth Nay—There were two Faces atinounced, of which ne following is the summary — Trwsnay, Avwt @—First Race—Jockey club purse, $400— singe heat of two miles. * P Keuner’s b. m, Mit-ne-haha, by Mahomet, ereated to reward partisans, the Legislature fused to carry out the constitutional requi which Loan Commissioners, who are county offleers, who have been ad; out of Attorney General, and mittee, “com of friends. The same contempt Ktical majority towards the terived its action in even a 3 Gevow, 3 years ob. , 123g — 181. Arn 10.—Jockey Club purse $600, mile heats, be.t three in five — ge Oy ere out be sia ‘Bingaman assumed to nul requires the rend! if carried out, would subvert once a dissolution of the Union, — the States Na openly avows majority , a aker of the ieee sets Of Gotance tte. federal ‘om 5 Es = * & upon the floor of the House. April 11.—Jockey Club purse . Col. A. 1. Bingaman’s ch g. Tom MeGuffin, by Ruffin, tee r od 7 ‘ 1 old ie, with her three “e- ‘etmore’s (R. Long’ wards of freemen, takes takes that position, J know that v death blow is struck against African TF would not j v crmit a fuaiiye from the South to be, taken from cur inate, Wiha then? yan power can compel = oo 4 i io snbiniceiont.| We know that no aie willbe made thes ears old. 7 84; : © corre this State, when it takes this Ustos Covrm—Sreown Day. —Wednesday, April 15.— Cork. 1, Bingarian's ©. Bly Atwrond de .. Bingnman's b. 6. twood, by imp, Sovereign, ont of Betsey Coop he Ang 911 Webb Rors’s bo 6. aids by Gray Facto, oat of » Me nth Teo Dlsct Clout “oy Wa SO edn (if the Assembly etneur,) That section first of ‘hy imp. Hedgtord—6. Occ. sr ckes ss Sadly See pernee cen phe Tee nae Ned 3 Gye, {he Propeed”qualiention Uren erst ‘Timp Day.—Thursday, April 16.—Parse, $150. Mo GAM Leh teee eh ae nee ea Col, A, Me Ys br, f. Avis, Sove- rush—2 Xia! soap . Hine ¥6b 4 AO HE Sere cea ag to to be wat first Fericle iret the =e le Nched for three months previous to the ! ire ‘The constitutional clause thus rare be rene requires a three years citizenship and a frechont ot two hundred and fifty dollars, as « qualification for a ‘man of color’? to vote. ‘The question involved in this proposed now for the first time before the is not Mise iy Reep, who was ie popular Lda movement atreet . It WAS settiod ip qu iJ doncer at the Walnut theatre some youre eee, a who subsequently became Mrs. Langdon, and Me | the constitution of 1821, after fll and elaborat: . vest boo cognected, with, the Arch, street company, | The nition to-extend the. sulrage te. this pA «ica in’ Philadelphia, of consumption, on the 18th inst. ‘vived on the birth of the abolition party; but with so ihe 4 4 Awn Rurta Trumm died in Richmond, Va., om the next day otter being bitten on the cheek by @ J canvag which aleg- — interrogated by @ effect that William H. Seward, in ted him to the office of Govern -mimiitee consisting of John i writ & Mir, Winsam Warton died in Aquasco district, in Prince | femmes consisting of yet A cieoreer county, Ma, on Ure 24 ina, age 108 Years. | "yews, hon (hs suet . The Commissioner of the General Lamt ice tas ro cived information of the death, on the ‘ith inst., of thomas J. Prorat, Req., Register of the laa@ offlee at New- nams lie, Floride, Ih Faces way become debased by knornne of ihe intelligence and