The New York Herald Newspaper, April 12, 1857, Page 1

WHOLE NO. 7529. AFFAIRS IN EUROPE. THE CHINESE WAR. Interesting Account of the Sub- marine Telegraph. THE NEW AMERICAN TARIFF, te., &., aa. Affalre in France. Pants, Marob 19, 2857. Transatlaniic Communication—The Trade between Pariy end New York—The Polytechnic School disbanded by Government for Political Rearons—The French Press on the Progress of Catholicity im the United Sats—the Hm poror’s Liaizons— Discovery of am Substituie for Echer and Ohler oform— Birthday of tht Prince Imperial—Thesiri- als in France, dc , ds. ‘Much interest is manifested at the present moment eoncerning the transatlantic communication. Amaricaus, tm their frequent visite to tats centre of taste, beve ex. Dibited rnob decided incitmatione to avail themselves of tho beauti‘ul epeoimens of irgenulty and redaemeet manu- fastured in Varia, and the orders recetved from bouses ai ‘Mew York are so large and extoustve, that no doubt ex- fate fm the commercial mind that if a proper chain of communicaiicn, embraclug speed as ite prime qualifca- fon, oan be esiadlished, that the trade might be iucreased te en incaloulable ratio. The Emperor's epeock, in which the sadject was polat- edly alluded to, bas raised hopes tnat at Inet something will be dope, Hitherto, certawty, the various asempts made bavo been extremly discouraging, but the spirit ebroad te at this moment so earnest that the government Dave determiped op miking avery largo advance of eapita! io order that the objest mey be attained. { heard the Emperor himself say to an American geatienan of sotlence, now residing here, that ne was deter cluod to Spare no pains io ecoomplish an object so desirable, ‘Be shows how myslerious is tho connection between | the goverpment ané the semi official journals, when, | twenty-four boars after the conversation absyo men. | toned, the following words in an ertisis on the subject appeared in the Con: tifuionnel :-— ‘The enlightened aaaistance of the legisiative corps will | Kot be wanting, and sho now eaterprise, 20 diffcult and | eom))) it be founded on & baste of suilicioat #2! atty 1 remove all fears of a cheok. A false economy ia wuoh clroumstances would be ® serious clement. it is Deocauso speed has become a politica! clemeut, becaase great and regular speed is most expentive in maritime Matiers, aac because ihe traveatianiic boats form an | enierprise of pabiio intercst thet they have a serious | Giaim on tho eupport of governmunt.”” | ‘Th cobpic sobool has beon disbanded, and the | sent to thetr homes. The reasom whisn has veen eetensibly aszignod is inet ® disorgeviz31 suirit was so ‘Provalert that it became impoasibie fer the acthorities to | ‘maintain the necessary disoipiine. Tais ie periestiy trae, Dut the cause of this disorganizaion is of poiliical origi Amongst these youths who are the crim: ds ia crém: of ) talent of Franss, a species of small debating con- Glaves bas been some time in vogue where opiaiont, | Serived jrom a Roman roure: fe been Brosobed | ieined with imtenre ardor. Oa one occasion te ‘rempval,” not tne “murder” of Cwser by | Renate, was justified by argumeats hevi1g & Ddesring 4; that she aur J 55a iit HE { 7H " i ip - pte 8 H ze i § j FH 4 | { ad @ is alimare it expeoted tn Paris, and ber st the Talleries. Hor joiat tnflrenos on the morais of joment | leges. When they wont inte the world, which they ge | ‘Les Demeteeltes de St. Cyr,” or to entrast another | @rtiste with the paris I perform im those works. ‘40 oon- 2° eamagenin. Se, that | Beliber wounded old tries dabips, nor even admire. led an 0) ‘the man ‘Ras shown dissovers with Lord Dadiey, | bo menite anc forces bim intoaduel. In her agony for tne | iife of ber son, she files to her long deserted nusba: aod throwtpg herself at bis feet traniically implores him to prevent twe fatal meeting. Her nusband, in a scone of great power, indignantly reproachcs ber wih the ooa- sequences of her beartlose abandoument of her duties as A wife and mother, these ere interrupted by the entrasco of Henri, Lord Dadley having declined to meet him en learning the pature his relation- sh'p witb Fiammina. Oo witnessing the agory of bis upfortomate mother, the youth ocangot refrain from throwirg bimeelf toto her arms, and {u thts moment of mingled rapture and despair the bios adieu to tne world, @ rettres humiliated, heart broken, into aclitude and insion. Serb is # mere online of this interosting rama. "he detaila, which are full of dradmtic incident, and are brougbt out ia an admirabie manner, 10 bo fay apores d must be witnessed. ‘The Interview cf DanwI, the artis! husbend, and Figo mina, 8 imexvroasibiy fre The cold "ny of the srandoped bushand; bis bitter words whion potnt out the Consequence of her conduct in the now periiied life of her fon; tae intolerable agopy of Fiammina, with the fatoer trick ue Deraell, atoal sor and, worse than all, tuoro terrible smltings of conscteree which too plainly acwure her abe is the dark epiritef tne seen ai mother apd wife that ‘of woe upon all, are al! M’lle Judith played) thy part of ber i iy prozentea Fiammina well, butit required oven @ Ristori to do it fall juaties, Griseant played we 7dle of Lord Oadiey; acd it was im posetule te have placed the = Eaglish gontie- man in better bands. He played it 9 ie. Tae re. pose, tho quict dignity, the str sense of juatine for josiness sake, the moral courage @an silvrd to do right whatever the optoion of the mob cutside—called the world-—the generoos patron of the ari, the bigs desing which wealth snd birth and ap! porition gemerae whea tney do not deprave, Bil were imirably pourtrayed id = compietely sppreciated by the audience. The author, M. Mario Uckard, who is nothing but a simple auibor and without any dramatic education, hae becm remarkably successful tn the management of bis subject Tho mituaions follow logically one after the other and without effort. Thor ere nore of tbote monologues, recitals, uscless aonf. dante, whioo suthors are often compelled to have ro- courte to, in ordor to hitch the scattered rags of story together, bat lout et enscenc. The oomingt goings, 20 to epeak, are al! natural and es a mati course, The ttyio ta conversational and perfeoily unsitlt. ed, esob party saying whet he has w asy ta language polishes and well bred, without aiming at wi. or disp ay of Merature. Is ie underet-cd thatthe pleos is the au- thor’s enba ‘the Ambiga 0 just brought out a highly mucoess- ful meio drei © old school, entitied Les Orpta- é.?? written ty M. Dennery. It is found legend of tbe Paya: Bas, the soono being Imid at gue, where it seems a ceriain law exists, or ex- iated, by which female orphans reared at the cost of the Siate, enjoyed the following rather extraordinary privi Berally ¢id ss servants, shovld any of them happen to become the victim of seitcilon, the seducer must elthor repatr b ffenov by marriage or lose bis head, This terribie law coes 00% prevent ® young French officer from Playing tho Giovann) with a certain M'le Fraotzia, aad tne consequences O this sek ward (iatios forme the su! ject ot the drams. Fall startiiog incidents, dangers ‘end eroaycr, it wae much applauded throughout, and promises to epjoy a success Of at least a buadred rights me. K stori’s opening performance is announces for ‘the dd of April, at the salle Ventador, as lect year. They ‘wil! continue til! the end of May, when the grent tragedian Proceeds to London M, Alexsudre Dumas, some tim: ter to the director of the Th ‘rancals, guage, deciaring that ho would not per. n 10 perform ia any of his pieces, in con. sequence of a letter of thet lady’s reficoting on Horo The letter was published tp Figaro M. would seem, by ihe following rep'y of tlle. have mot bis match:—~ | Mz. Eprron:—Yon have published « letter ta which i. Alexandre Humes, senior. calls on the Administrator. General of the Comedic Francaise, to withdrew from the repertory bis pieces, “Mademoiso'le de Belle Isic,’ and Dames ig well aware that he bas 20 eces in qacatioa or the parts. AB to = Pret-msor to give ol draw the the 1 ued oO meelf Incapable somone of his ba- Refactor, en exile, which enogid are vee apy e m his eyes. Receive, &e, A AN, At the Hotel de Ville oORecrts are given every Saturday | bt by the Prefet e aad ihe eplendor of bike sollottes, and the space thay oo cupy wovld Ali a volume to tell of. The most megn' cont ‘alle te part for wMese musical receptions. M. gad Mademe Houseman distingolsh themselves Db; Cone sEt Avention to the saridr, and rofrosb' Dassivo silver one aro Banded from ticw to une, ¢ The ex perue of these entertaiomeois ts defrayed by the wanici ich allows tbe Prefet ja a idition 100,000 francs Opinions of the French Press on the’ Chinese are [Translated from La bias oa MM, for tee New York fe ) It eppeese beyond all doubt that the present hos- tilities petabangh ng a. a fame | are — soon to assume most gigantic portions. new war will in all probability = that which ed abou’ fourteen years ago to be mere secondary affair, a mere skirmish of advaneed posts, in compa- rison with what will now take place. What, we may ask, will be the results of this newjwar? It is of course out of our power to predict this with any ie on sn Oo re- corial® death, aod hout any injario ow, of Loudon, war the pubite if if great color iy “or faust oerineve gue au Thioire 5. $ if tiampn uve France's ntngs would room w fed * y terpinded to the wiamo of t home withet are compiewd 1 ie an ecwress of eirting ore, we married to enc retires trom the tut age some chm > Deormer 20 weEry of domestic 1)/ Wet He trendons be fant to sock 008 More the Ma spores ab ine tn giving ap the de jo.ous ¢ woheraeine of popalar yoee. = The ion by lar ted on vt . ¥# low Bight rima denna ary ranaret ” 3 ri 2 ner celebrity soon diecioees her 1 * commendes the chastisemest of the fx! niese mother. $87 32 <8 E i il i degree of certainty, bus we are fally presuaded that jt will in the long run bring about the peas of the whole of China to European commerce, and to the enterprise of Christian nations. At all events, up against all Christian commerce thing which seem to us to be —or,on the other hand, all rts of China, in the whole length of be al effect, having been ‘ivtible force, and when no longer rem | other two-thirds of the human family. Jaw of union Ce — ny) upon man ought any 1dn, checked and avoided by the mere wi ob wap deapot residing at Pekin, where he is sw by men, bie counsellors, as ignorant and cortupt as him- | self. In the meantime, until this great and highly | beneficial revotation shall be accomplished—and | thing leads usto believe that the time is not cont when it will take place—it will be ex- far ceedingly interesting to collect together some exact information ard facts in relation to this singular vation, the Chinese, with whom itis to be hoped that hencefor h we Europeans ace avout to have a more direct ond regular intercourse. A {London paper, The Journal of the Statistica! Society, has | recently puolished a letter written by Sie John Bow- ring, on the subject of the manners and customs of the people of ( Sir John, we need hardly re- mind onr readers, is the British Plenipotentiary in | Chine ard superintendast of Engli-h do nmerce in | that country. The interest attached to this letter is greatly increesed the noise which has lately heen made io the British Parliament fn re«pect to the name and character of Sir Jonn Bowring, and by the unjust attacks of which this learned man and able admintstraror has been made the subject. A perueal of the document of which we are speaking proves conclusively, that if Sir John Bowring has n induced to adopt severe measures against the | nor was’ pe influenced by any feelings of hate or malice in toe courre he has parsued. The first ond most important «ul inquity relating to Uhina, is that of the population of this country. Thesum of 300 millions of sonls ascribed ‘to it by rome authors, and those the most exact and careful, aj at first binsh to be an exaggeration. Nt at coreg it so appears to vs Baroy 4, who ere th the habit of considering a populatie thirty millions of inbabitants as con- stitating @ great and popu nation. We are in- clined, however, to believe that this estimate, instead of being av +xoggerati mm, is, in fact, below the real number The last officiel cones taicen in China of which we in Borape have bn | reliable account, dates back forty-three yeers, and by the census then | taken, the amonn> of the population of the em- J | pire wae 362,000,447,183 souls, Now — this amount, large as it ie, being the made forty-three years ago, mast net only the trae amount a: the presen time, bat wae doubt. . Obinese, he a) not do go until It beeame necessary, | demanding attention in any | be Jess below the real number at the time itself when the census was taken. Since the number of io- habitants in every town and seems as the basis for the apportionment of the taxes upon the inbabitants, it is natural to su that the soldiers of the townships who gave ia their accounts of the number of inhabitants, would rather diminish than increase that number. That the; are always disinclined to revort the full extent their numbers is manifest from the severities used towards them: for they are subject to the ment of a bundred lasbes of a bamboo cane do not per'orm their duty correctly; We may safe- ly, therefore, admit that the population of Caina amounts to 350,000,000 or 400,000,000 of people. Great and enormous as this amount appears te be, it does not exceed the allowance of 268 persons for every square mile, according to the superficial area of China, which amounts to 1,348,870 square miles. In the Chinese language the clasafication of the several ages of bumwan life has something in it which is reelly significant and original. For exam- ple, the period of life up to the age of years is ealled the age ot “opening.” The age of 20 yearsis called the age of “expiced youth.” The age of 30 years is called the age of “strength and marriage.” Forty years of age is the age of ‘official capacity.” | Fitty j faults.’ Seventy is called ‘the scarce old bird.” the “wrinkled visaged age.” poned death age.” One “end of hive age.” So great ia the respect and attention paid to ad- vanced age in China, thata decree published in 1785 orders that every poor man beiog sixty years of age shail be entitled to receive five bushels of rice and two pieces of silk stuff per annum. If above cighsy years old, he is to receive ten bushels of rice and two pieces of silk staff. Above ninety, he is enti- tled to thirty bushels of rice and two pieces of silk stuff; but to the poor man over one hundred years, fifty busbels of rice are to be allowed, besides the silk. Its ears old is the age of “the knpwiedge of " Sixty years is the “closing of the cycle.” ” Kighty is Ninety is the “post- another motter wortby of observation in the sent condition of China is that of emigration. being carried on at the present day on the most ex- | tensive scale. Two ee provinces, viz., those of Kwang-Tung and Fo , the population of which igestimated at thirty-five millions, have sent out already from two to three millions of emigrants. In tbe kingdom of Siam there are at east 1,500,000 Chinese who have emigrated thither, of which number two hundred thousand reside at the city of Bangkok, the capital of Siem. By a census lately taken in the Dutch island of Java, it appears that there are in that island 136,000 Chi- nese who have emigrated thither. Cochin China, the Philippine Islands, Australia, California, South America, the West Incies, Cuba, &c , have been the recipients of a great number of Chinese emigrants, who distinguish themeelves generally in all those countries by their great industry and application to labor, as well as by their remarkable sobriety, their extreme docility, and their aptness tolearn, together with a talent truly wonderful of getting al well under any circumstances. It is not impro! that the time is near at hand when the prob America is to be peopled, and how the Isnds of both the Americas are to be mmde available and profitable, will be solved by a@ new and powerful element, namely. by the emigration of the Chinese hordes. What preasion , 88! prol ms of the Americans and French, of all thowe ce ageiees frp emigration which are im- upon nese population Tartar pa sament of Pekin. These restrictidns extend roughout the interior of China, over the Ee tourists and artizans, as well as prevailing in all the ports. When once the Chinese shall be free to go ¥ PI with or without the intention of returning home again as the case may be. Wherever they see a ct of doing well abroad and of @ for- oan ony be eileoted by ses. and joe bound deserts seoure ify sou'hern provinces of theempire. The river Yaog Kiacg divides Caton into two distivot regions, the north end the south. At about forty miles ‘unite the northern and southern regions, aad tacilitet> the exobanye of tho'r variong prodootions, tall into ine great river Yeog-ee Kiang if ones the communication Of these great capala with the river above mont one ro ous off, /he city of Pekin woa d Bot de adie to exist, Tole vest capital of the empire would be ae it wer) ob to death. The marob of ermy upoa Pokia would pot be a:tended with eng fata! results, would not aot #0 promptly, and, above ull, would not Lt if #0 de oleh biow, as this cutting off the comm@nicati sa: of ‘Withoat reckoping upon the numorous is which might arise to svca an expedision, in a coustry the topo graphy ot which is al: entirely unktnowa, and with Out estimating the diffcatiles LG ars bad strangled or drowned @ Nérep, Whore dead Hodes were into which they had Colefof she Tartar, hovee bimeeif with hie own band, bis ‘amily in the preparing remive the exterpriter of eported (bat it wap Ibe 100m Ae (bo Kogitsh chips svoald Rave eu! tbelr rivers, to #iek at the mooth of the riv ir and vere! rivers and prevent ihe possibility of thetr revara to the ocean. Auch pit if put into execntion, might ia. cord be followed by toe mow serious tisestere. ‘The Yarg we K ang presenta groat imped’ alte mowtn — It falas into the pte to ne ween Danke era for many miles from the moum of the riger | ir and lie weere Of R yollow Color, Helps are obliged move caution sly slorg the southern sho: month, on eotaring the river, with the Without these | pow | Oo waving the etend of Teure Ming the river n i shew thomee ee water, aed the course of ihe comer Bow very serpentine § at or | re undred years old is the | This a | J. Wi shay ap the Eogiien in | SUNDAY MORNING, APRIL 12, 1857. | the opanpel of tne river becomes marrower, the tide thie and in fact, one here of te9 ane proper, a1 +eme iryipg diMoulties at this Gitern aays to orage at ascend the river Miag the on 8 send beck, as turned they were got K ang the river bav a doy’ | acd pavigation couseq iently | wethetanding this. mn some passages where tne fa quite of the river attains a voloot ¥ an dour. All these obsia 13 | | on | b the difficulties ‘at the mouth of the river, afer getting over ‘the-line caw easily sail up to ibe walls of | theot:y of Neck | Sucb je, lo a word, the line of march which was pur- { | sued by the Eog!'sh in 1843 oug Kong was tue starting P tat, whero they beid their beacquarters. This ieland | Commands the opening of tne river Chou Kisug, where 1s falle into the sea, After sailing from Hong Kong, they | took poasension vf the, isiand of Cnousan. and made that Place from tbenoeortn the point of their opera- tons. Amoy, Chung-Het ana Mipg-Po we ‘Upon Ke efwer the ovner, and taken without avy ) tanoo, Toe Rnglish fleet consisted of two seventy. erght frigates, a great number of sloops-of war sud ines, amounted, ay we ave | slready stated, to 16,000 mem. On the 131% of suns be tim appeared ee entry of Woampoa. The banks of 6 Fiver wi #ita canvon, planted there to op Pose them there battortes, however, were atormod Qcd carried without any difficulty. Acolumn of tuo in log force Was then marched upen S! nghas, which sorrendored without fi-ing » gan | | at Chapou Ox the 20th of July the fleet srei Bear the island of Or, in front of the ohy of Oning- Kiang Fou, | which rendered its name for ever famous by tae terridie | and berolc detence whiod ita invab'tents mide Tovcity | of Kwo (chou, wbich wason the opporiie Dank of tho | Fiver, offeree three mi) tons of doliare & rensoa, | Whioh wes seoepted, and the city was noi attactet. At | Hest tho Fogich ships arrived under tae alts of th mous ety of Navkin, where they cyst anchor. Th i | was that the treaty of the 29th of April, 1841, was signed, Of wdich we hve sresuy ppoken in a former artiole. Buoh was the plan ado and so succerafully exesured fu this expedit on. fbe same plan wi!!, pe doubt. ve fol | lowed agatp, with various changes and modilcatio s | whieh the olroumstances may demand, or waich pass experience may render recessary. | THD NEW TARIFF. | The New American Partff and French Bran- ee of Pt [Transiatcd fom la Par tor tho New York era'd.) The American Congress has settled the tariff question much more speedily than it was thought it could have been done. At the end ot February a vote was taken on a bill which does nothing more than simply to increase the number of free goods beyond what was done by the bill of 1546. The change thus effected is to come into operation on the first of next July. The questiou with us is, whether this vote is flvel, and if the bill is already become a law. This is what we are not as yet able to affirm. ‘The tariff of 1846, which will in the manner above stated be slightly mcdified, may be considered as been @ sort of compromise tariff. Ic was, as its ots declared it to be, a measure Inte to provide for a revenue, and at the same to establish rotection in certain cases. The duties to be } ‘epged from one hundred to five per cent, and were cal with a view of producing the largest le revenue to the treasury and at the same giving o certain amount of protection to the try 1, heavy duties on some articles. 1846 has now been in ex- istence ten whole years, thus exhiviting a duration in ite career is something quite wonderful with such a fickle and changeable ent as that of the American democracy. Under the action of this tariff the commerce and revenue of the Union have increased to a prodigious extent. The produce the customs amounted in 1856 and 1857, under this tartff, to the sum of sixty-four miliions of dol- lars, lees twenty-four mildons of the years 1846 and 1847. Atthe same time the im ee 1856 of Maret 13, 1857, 80 much so that it was pi some years back to introduce an exception terthe rule in the case of iron wares, and to admit them on a fixed duty having re- spect ba to weight. There fs another jot which may be noticed in the tariffot 1846, however, is, we ve, neared by te law. It is the folly of a system blind ee prey 3 protection, in whieh a duty is on from other mo- | tives than those of giford: i : | iz i i rit of france, which they the have gone on increasing to and thirty-five millions of with several strokes of may a, 80. First, tie and 1847 created a de- produce. Then, again, set in a stream of Euro- never ‘Was Known Or hoard ot. dissovety Of the cold mines ef ©; th all tte @xtfwordinary resalte flowing 5 ail these things, there vats aeicult to expiain the cause of the grand and brillant success of tue tari! of 1446, | both with reapeet to its financ'al aud 'ts ¢ mmer: effects, ‘tariff the work of President Polk and of R. er. ry of the Treasury under him, bas been landed extolled as a victory gatned by free trade om the western shores of the Aclantic, at be very kame moment when Sir Robert Pee! ob teined a similar vii on behalf of free trade on the banks of the river Thames. [int what sort ol a | free ade tariff te that which iorpores a M0, and 40, and even 100 per cent apon the importation | abroad? that ia oe y free was in facta little restrictive tian tne replaced. It was so of goods from trode. Yi more ftes thi ror tad seeded Mr. Polk, and who were , that ia By the prote = greatly of it, in their several an ch wiihout effect. No serious to reform thie tariff, until after ooratic party to power, Then to be remarked that the tariffor its intended object, by pro- was intended, revenue enoagh, bu w | not beeh imtemced—'oo tr gued, that inasmash aa the duties on imported goods are all of them o the consumer, it isan vpjust thing to tax je of the Union move than the wants of the ent render necessery. “eeofiomicay administered, moderate, the tixation | whe eleete@by the efforts were Ms) the a it was it pare tionatel; it did not escape observation Mr. € "sh faleey der General Pierce. first propamd & pian of re. then soized | | forty traneporis end twelve steamers. The army oi | | board, inolusive of the mar {ne sewe was dons | States on such an ex- | of fre trade that the two | @ught to ve propor: | there | form at the opening of the session of Congress of 1863. By the plan which he proposed, and which created some sensation in the public mind, every kind of merchandise was classitied under three divi- | sions or heads. Brandies and spirits atill continued subject to a duty of a hundred per cent. Raw ma- | terials, required for manufacture, and those articles were all admitted free of duty; and all other goods | on which any duty was to be paid were subjected | to one unitorm duty of 26 per cent. amoug the articles admitted free of duty was that of wine, | which the Cabinet of Washington was desirous of placing within the reach of the Amencan people, as an agreeable and healthy beverage, preferable to ar- | dent spirits. For this reason wine was placed on the same footing as tes and coffee, which for a long time have been admitted duty free into the United States. This plan of the Auerican Minister gave | Tise to a vmiety of criticisms; some found the lis’ , of goods admitted free of duty far too large and | extensive; others blamed the indiscriminate upi- | formity of the 25 per cent éuty. Bat upon the | whole the principle ot reducing the tariff aud of making articles of primary necessity free of duty, met with general approbation. A still more recent proposition of the American covernment comprises | im the list of articles exempt from duty all sub- stances ired in manufactures, aud especially all those which have been declared free in the Eagtish Custom Houses. By these various modifications the customs receipts were diminished by about seven or eight millions of dollars. The addition of the article of salt and a few other articles of general consumption to the list of goods, free of duty, produced about the same di- minution. Yet, in spite of all these reductions, the receipts of the Custom House would amoun’ to abont fifty millions of dollars, a sum which, added to the product of the sale of the public lands. is abundantly sufficient for ali the requirements of the federal government. The Secretary of the Trea- sury expected great and favorable results to the Mmapufactures and to the ship ving trade of the United States from these bis measnres. according to bis ideas. the trade with the West Indies, with Mexico, with Central America, and with the several States of South America, would be doubled in a very short | time by these changes, inasmuch as all these various | countries, having no manufactures of their own, | would excbange their tropical and other productions | for the manufactured goods of the United Sta'es, in | the aawe manner as the Northern States ofthe Union | weinthe habit of exchanging with the Southern States, According to the accounts last received trom America, the first part of the plan here pro- | posed is all that has been adopted. It would seem js if there was a fear of diminishing the fiscal revenue to too large an extent, and also of teking off to much of the protection accorded to American industry, and necessary for its encour- ment. The effort has been made to conciliate the interests of-the commercial and manufacturing classes by making all articles of the first necessity wholly free of any impost or duty whatsoever. A reform going no ferther than this but little in- terest for French merchants or French eommerce in general. It cheats us all of the hopes which we have had a right to indulge in. Of course we are well aware that the fanatical zeal of the temperance societies would be invincibly op; to allowing eny reduction to be made in the enormous du- ties levied cn our brandies. But at ali events we bad the right to look for some diminution of the duty of thirty and forty per cent which weighs heavily upon some cf our other exportations to May. the second part of the tariff project of the late administration be so executed by the new ad- ministration as to tend to the increased activity of our exchanges, especially now when a French line of transatlantic steamers is about to be establisbed on a permanent footing. ‘The New Tariff of the United States First Advance ree Trade. From The Londom Times Maron 24 1 5° if i be | 2 §5 l g is F merica, a few Ca vem poris can levy duties on produce which is to be immense continent, and tho tax is pa! consumer without being ever felt. On ery quent ‘aificuities”’ would follow ary atte tte 0 Wisconsin or Minnesota fo, wuh the Consent of every one, s system of texaton theoroit cally imperfect, but practicalle effective bax grown and procabdly will oon\inue to fourteh. By devies on im. ports every one }e¢ ecoording to the scale op which too well supplied with th vale Of proapariiy, bo foci plag of the nation old ‘toa, 8 population ip @ more prim'tive s1s'e, aod with a boond. lees territory, may diso>ey the strict rales of potliosl whi) the artificial or jiand @ sor oheeper om! few wants of tee Stats atiow thie on no meacs entail a diminution of the retora new tar dill provides for a requisr i the auiles now paid. Imported commodi ‘nited Siatee pay ad valorem duties vary- There dation Spirte used to ‘0 seventy tate ing, this onarge +1 effect price of srvo'es of al y on tron = at | reat enierprives ial; yet, that the tea, ti ott x thor obie’ mater | may be | ‘with 1 ! mall duty 09 foreien m a greater ecovomy of eons. " tha inoreaes Importation, woo'd # | ‘The duty on woollen 24 per cent | aed elt ebing iy on tm yer t sriiol-m af tho few rickiy m Kind |9 Kept ve t Hon O the Kogieh Tartoriee, to mate be rich, end veatealnable woo free ontmpe cotter deer to by the Comepaper hope t p tbe ti . rremm has bern can be worse than the inputs rench and Soanish wines ay aa The retuotion of duly wit enabin » pope b beam decided taate for tho luxuries of Leto gre ity Nimelf win cheaper and more wao'ssoms beveregee On the «bole, thorgh ihe tari? by atowed'y om free (rade princ) griat victory ter them, Tae podl! einrew (0 (me Of bresbing down the m monepe iff The eptris Of protecting ie demp! Inve the beerts of ay thoes who Dot boon paresd dorbt a were mntw'nctorerr, svongiy ity opition’. Bat te no Contry Je'the sgricaitariat euitici ently powerfal vo ba 8 pre teotifetet. Francs ts im thie res tpe: ® America |p both ovastriog | feel oring inonstry Jon ove of fore! varie ard 7 +01 more rig! American The Oomiine: ti Tale op ® rehoo! of aeceasity of developing mapofacty ro 4m ot favor lem, —Adsotute Ronse America Pave both jolenord hithertc ia tne should aemort the \ arguments Bol tL seemy thet thie ¥ | A country jite te Urited States cat iwfoen el Br f-anciel Cnateines step Of Ie. Some mon ibe aimoe be )ives, ant the community ja too fresh, too vigorous, | we have indeed. wished | PRICE TWO CENTS. Gbmmerngs of commerorsl roform in France. Freee wade wee At wo be insog Dut tently, beimdagly, Umidly the principle of prowutlom was vo ‘be sudsiiated tor the Principe of Sbeoluieexo usior 1s had been found 1@ Bame of free competition bad mong Ibe bourgerivie, whist Mo ot tas on pani " rf supporia of the Imperial tar dee, EJ ther the scheme jor something |)ke com: was abandoned, and a mo°ided pian America !8 ratbe’ more advanced than thi atty of raising the sevenve by indirect taxation may be fe wore is ito @ conviction that the jotercata of vast sud permanently settled lation require the ap plication of true principles of political economy. We ay, then, hope to sec the gradual develop:meut of thas mi free system towards which tbe new tariff repretoats tho Che jegraph. At the Roy ai Ineuut.cn, London, om Frigay, 20th ult., Blectore “On ine Submarine Telegraph’? was celiverod by Mr, John W. Brets, who bas gistingutehed nimsolf by his cflosts to establish submarine teiegrapbin communioa- tica. ‘The lecture rcom wes complotely crowded, aud ahortly belore 9 o’olcck the Prince of Walee, accompan- ied by the Duke 0’ Nortbumber: entere’, and they ocoupied ceive in front of sae table; Mr. ‘Breit was accompanied by Professor Faradey, and before the loo- ture o! tbe evening commenced Mr. Faradmy stated thet betpg in some uncertainty whether Mr. Brett would bo 8, yropared @ few experimente illua- trative of the applicatioas of electricity. and be woald Ocovpy ® short (ime in their exbihts! He then showed om apyararus, comirived by Mr. ©. V. Walker, for tele- Arapbic notices of ecotdenta on railways for the pre: tion of collisions; be alto ahowed a very largo kor {’s {nauetion coll, he phenomeus produced by which were biiliiavtly beautiful ‘Mr. Breit then comme! bis lecture o@ the subma- vine teieerapb. The th irs related to the construction ané Jeyi0g down of the cadies from Dover to Calais, and from Duver to Ostend, specimens of which were on the lecture tabie. Mr, Brett then proceeded as foliows to descrice the plans adopted for laying down the Medtter- en cad!o and the difficulties he enoountered:—Up to this time the depths eucour tered bad been, comparatively the British Coannel now here ex sr tog deprbs of thy ate 10 unite thetr respective capitals with ihe of Corsica and Sardinia an@ tne oolooy of Algeria cabs Were manufec.ure! at Greenwich, and seot out Ip tho steamer Persia In Jcly. 1884. On arriving at Genoa I was informed by the High Admiral that tho Sardisian The government hed placed three vearein of war at our dis- porel, and wo set sail for tho harbor cf Spezza. tho p'ace Aeiecied for waking fast the cable, accompagicd ny Prince Carigvani, several ministere, and tbe Ambassadors of Eng- Jand and Frence, Tot spot chosen was Doar ® building once cook pied by the tmmortai Dani, and whore ba com- posed a portion of the “‘Irferno’’ Hero the ond of the cable wes laaded xmid @ salute of sixty guns—a socue in Mriking contrast to our nviltary procredinge at Dover. Cepiam Marqu's Ricct, » Sarain an naval officor of re pat ed ail, was on , and advised me nos to veniure acrots the Mediterrancen 1a @ direct line, where we should have toencorater unknown soaudings, put w make a curve of some by tho islands of Uapria and Gorgo Da, Where the jh wou'd be little more \han 160 ta- thome. I wes of opinion, bowever, thet as greater deptos Would Lave to be encountered between Sardinia and Afri- 8, [t Was better at Once $> prove tho ritk; apd according- ly we proeeeded in w direct line, accompanied by the tH gste Maifatano, the commander of which vesse! roadered us valuable service by gotvg before to teke tne , tog ‘The cavlo !ey ip coils im the hold of the before passiog ovt passed severai times roun Je fron d:ums, and across an iron: adaie over the atero of the veascl, which wes covered with a thick piaic of tron to Protcot {1 from friction— the pressure at this point being very great, Fora time all went on steadily, except that some of the wires of the outer covering now and thea broke from oxtreme tension, when all of a sudder the Oabio commenced runpieg out with the utmost impota- ing the grestest alarm for the safety of the 1 @ hold exposed to the violent ache of the iron it forwmately BO accident Ooourred, altnoug! ‘Bout } wo miles of the cable, weighing 16 tons, raa out in two or toree mimates, not: ig every means in ly chamee pow was to recover from 1be ses the ip)ured portion, cat it out, ano makes free join. Thie was a dificult and tedious operation, and coupled upwards of 80 hours; for tae strain upar the cable ares! dopin, 230 it wae found wire nad ous, and . Having nt to Spez- za to test the acuadness of the cavie. Oe ucertag ‘he indicated @nere i ripe cabie between CoreiG’ aed Sareinia was succesfully sccomp!whed sherily afer warcs, and a lant a, in the aboot 600 bet dength, carried through tae tor » , bat tne was une ossery daily eso ‘face 1555, aad the French su¢ Serdicien governments hare for warded several thousand meneges ‘through it. | Tho submarine cal!e for coonecting Sardinia with cigoria was made the same year it was 160 miles long and | weigbed 1,300 tore, and aliow! for coal requred o steamer of 2,000 tone vo lay it ‘apable te yrocare ‘a etcamer of thet size in ibis country, tm ooa.1q sence of the war with Russia, ! applied to whe Emoprror of the Fronod for ope, amd at ‘be same tiwe exprersed a wish vai the portion of the Mediterranean I wished to crow soould be sounced. The Emperor promised to comply ‘With DoD my requests, aad directed me to csi. oa bis Minister of Marlee, adoing thet be (the TO") sould ‘Speen 10 bim on ibe subject. On seeing the Minisinr, bow. ever, Aud Daming the size of yho steamer required, | was inlormed \b t hed not won Ubeir die poual. her, tnd operations were commenced Neri in Kepiember last. from (ag We euocustered one of those aisrmwe roms of the cable when entering the depts, which retarded operations. coarse. Oo preceeding whieh was towing the Kerult, | found that 13}, nevtical miles from our starting poiot, had paid out 96 stevate miles With tats proporionste Jone it as ObYONS that (he remaining 86 statu: aw ‘ey of Gadie Would Hot suffice 10 Teach Galle, w distavoe of 60 Rectoa! mies. 1 ihcrofore resvired to outtoe cable, and save ihe M¢ miles {or anotber attempt | now hei a longer cable manulectured, and Aoding opinions air Moreover, rough wes'her Waning the deep direct hee, 1} war resolved 1 oer. of Gaiite, making ® detour rown! the island Passing Westwara to Rone, On this oocaston © ier of oe Jom Cepe Spartivento, vader end for = lime ai) wel, + por hour—e eonsidarad prom *” le velocity (or 8 carlo Whiod hed to be handed av from below, and pares ronad trom drome on deck At the repenied wish of ‘be Freao® surborivies on board, who nad been appsinies by the foverrinent to direct our coarse, It wae oro't t (het hovid be tu jon 1 theo! attention” no moi aed nearly eaty miles when anoth tudden and wlarmicg fight of the cable ovcurred, whieh * piace ia grea depths, causteg a8 bofse toe he Dyren men ia the vor oar #, and made fam to Bis, and tat we backwarce under h until we cams of epioion thas | woula be dragged from tbat en tod wren o shore fisted wp th ‘ob waa clearly 1+ te the Ofee waters aie not ten fancme « And pared One ¢md fore and the other aft, ¢! trem © torn road We drums, and thee jriger the ccok of the verse Tule con we sleerd under ite calc evie ion it | miles of th bovted 0 rowewer and wy ex oarion, wbem \oe drome tno speed wen obliged to be FixcRoned o#. | placed three wind ant Brave moo ‘nod had the resalt 6’ the tog placed be- fore thea every qocrter of an hour, they timing tne re- nvte waien. 1 | of oar course § We the towirg teem, somited our 6 bat ft war some bme O% Ha cORPeO! fa the re ed 6 By Fours |) A'gi*te, the Fremot oom