The New York Herald Newspaper, January 12, 1857, Page 9

8 Our Washington Correspondence, WAcHin@ron, Jan. 9, 1857. Excitement in the 2o)'y—The Pacific Raslroad Mer —Literary Goss The Dutch Minister— Something for the People, &e., $e. The excitement «mon the members of the lobby Congress is intense. he first resolution in the House taking notice of enera! charges woul@ have failed but for the axiement of a North Carolina member that he knew of » case demanding investi- gation. The Mines» !ond bill, &e., &c., may be considered as dead «vi buried, The inquiries of Congress could be ms ie to reach back with good effect. The agents of ‘he various schemes are in a flutter of excitement toiyht. The “hedging” is equal to what one sees ona !)erby day in England. The Pa- cific railroad people}. « wisely determined to allow this session to pass wi'iout action, especially in view of the expose an..>iputed in regard to the lobby enerally. Congress soving established a Court of ‘laims, should farpis ube tribunal for the lobby. ‘The members of tbe sec 11.4 Congress or “third” house, are biter against to \ickaLp and Richmond £n- “rer. The exceedingly interesting debate in the House, in which Mr. Stephens, of Georgia and Mr. Davis, of Maryland, participated, has led to an a ted discussion in private circles. There is a ‘phens” party and a “ Da- vis” party, embracins ‘he most opposing elements in poiities—republi ometines siding with Mr. S., and ultra Sou: h mon with Mr. Davis. The point of interest sex * a3 to the scholarship of the two distinguisn’ en. I apprehend an occasion will se which the thorough- ness of education per acquaintance voun these individuals will be | general science of tested. The case of the agein a principle w) the country, in the } up and force upon’ tech Minister involves once © of the people, should take ovsideration of Congress. treaty-making powcr is certainly secondary to the constitution, aii +! \» nearly all our treaties with foreign Power: er the head of ‘ Privile; to Consuls and Dipion« very letter and eutire «| case of Dillon, in San 1 that of the late Duic! ment, demand au €"\ © Agents,” we violate t of the constitation. The co, followed 40 800n by Minister near our govern- haage in the formula en- upon all our tie \ ies. The Gadsden Purchase. TO THE Eli’): OF THE HERALD. »SHINGTON, Jan. 7, 1857. vaper of the 4th an extract d, ander the title of “ Tra- orchase,” I take the liberty lurnns, in reply to some state- Having read in y« from the Railroad i: veiling in the Gad-deu of intruding on your ments made therein. The whole tenor oi goes to show that the more by a spirit of p that Gray's route, ic which he is resolved 1 Leaving the meri: I confine myself soleiy e extract from the Records ter of i+ has been influenced vnship than of truth, and Lieut. varke’s, is the one pholi. the exact route out of view, )toat portion of the paper in which my view of (oe supply of — across the continent near parall:! 2 deg., is adveMed into aud condemned as “ridicu ous.” A flippant phrase does not nullify the facts ‘rom which a cautious result has been drawn; an¢ ‘le results of an experience of thirteen weeks’ journeying aud delays between the Sierra Nevada and ine Kio Grande, may surely out- balance a hasty © lrawn from a sixty miles’ ride, and one night mping in the Missibres Val- ley, even sapposicx tie merits of the observere equal. But when we owet with sucha statement as, that during one vi.h’s rain, there fell sufficient water to fill a camp k six inches up by the morning, there remai'* nothing for one competent to judge to do but to di-teheve the whole narrative. the writer adve ts to the manner in which Dy resulting opinion upon the difficulty of obtaining water has been deducet. navely from an examina- tion of the rain full ut the nearest points—he has not informed himseli of my opinions ar conclusions 48 tothe means of obtaining water for railroad sup- ply along the G: ranged hase. ‘Those acquainted with meteorology know how dif- ficult it isto draw trurhtul infereuces in a country where there are few observations carried on; and that under the circam-tances of the want of popula- tion anc means of ob-ersation in the Gadsden pur- chase. the best means at com vand were secured to draw up the fins! opi ion, sud one of the best means to attain that end is 'o ob! aia the actual tall of rain at the two extremes—fort Yuma and the Rio Grande—the only two points where steady observa- tions are made. If the wruerin the Record scouts at this, he undervalues observations because they hap- pen not to be in ace »rd-nce with his view. Three tourtha of the whole rain-fall on the great plateaus of this contineat, on both slopes of the Rocky Mountains in that latitude, is derived from the south east, i.e, tve Gulf of Mexico. Stand- ing on the immense and level plains of the Gadsden purchase, during the raiuy season, the clouds may be seen approaching from the southeast, or up the course of the Rio Grence, and to divide when they asar the parallel ridges of monutains, upon whose summits they discea ge themselves more abandant- ly than they Goupon the plain. The residual rain comes trom the south «est, or up the Gulf of Califor- nia, which from the smal surface of evaporation af- forded, is necessarily a more lunited quan- tity, and its intinerce but slight, and can- not influence the e-ult, since at the most westerly point, whe ¢ it snould be most feit, it does not raise the rain jall to two inches per year. Since, then, the effective rain comes from tne Gulf, and reaches the Rio Grande vulley before it travels northwest towards the great basin, it follows that more rain must fall at the Rio Grande and its imme- diate vicinity than further wes’, for two reasons ;— lst. Because the rain clouds are more highly charged with vapor. 24. Because the mountain summits and the plains are more highly elevated. The conclusion drawn by me, alike from observa tions made duritmgy the rainy season in that country, from inquiry among the residents, and from the army meteorological reports— is, that tue fall of rain diminishes rateably aa one west from the Rio Grande to the Sierra N . and that the las fall in the whole district does not average more eleven inches of rain. My obeervations and examinations made while attached to the survey, ander Lieat Parke, had for their object to ascertain whether artesian borings, to obtoin a sapply of water for railroad purposes, coald be advantageously made at certain points of the proposed route. opinion submitted to the bu- reau was unfavora »le t artesian boriugs, an opinion in which I am more and more fortified by increased information upon the district, as well as from the result of experiment a taally made for that purpose. Bot the question of obtaining water by artesian weils or no, has really nothing to do with a Pacific railroad across that route, for there is no lack of ‘water at —— where artesian wells are deemed needful. Seflicient rain actpally falls to supply rail- road demands, provided the rain be secured and stowed in tanks aud reservoirs during the time Th li which is required to be done, and which if carried out, does away with any necessity of sink- ing artesian borings where success be ex- ceding!y doubtful. 4 he effective rain fallin that district occura he warm season of the year, when evapora- itis nighly necessary that the water should be saved in reservoirs during the actual fail. Thus the real question is, not whether water could be obtained by arteswan wells in the Gadsden pur- chase, bat whether the water which falls jn sufficient abundance shoud not be collected and preserved, a line of practice more economical and more practi- cally useful than any ke J borings would prove. I am, sir, yours respectfully, Taomas Antt Gov. Wire Rejotcing. ‘The following letter from Gov. Henry A. Wise, of Virginia, was read at the banquet given at Jackson, jm gy ro the 24th ult., in honor of A. P. Wil- lard, of Indis T have the honor to thank os these, they are repreventative mem, and they represent is all ours in the North and the nd everewhere all over the euwth. Greet n ihe mane Virginia as well as Missis- ear avhood and knighthood, 1 vad jnstice. Embrace 1 \t is bigh time the press of | | they earnestly sought to accomplish. NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JANUARY 12, 1857. most xpi pt pine BL blood of Gell wart one a only, or a guerar warni heeded for all time? ‘May Heaven bless and save the whole country. Henry A. Wise. Messages of the Governors of States. Marne. The following are Governor Hanibal Hamlin’s views on the late Presidential election, Kaneas, and the slave question, as presented in his message re- cently presented to the Legislature of Maine :— Whatever relates to the whole country interests and affects the people of Maine, as they constitute a part thereof. The pects have just emerged from an important and ex:iting Presidential electioa; more important perhaps than any which has pre- ceded it. In the issnes involved in that contest, Maine, as one of the States of the Union, had in common with all the others, a deep and direct inte- rest. The general result was different from what was desired and hoped py a large majority of the pone of the State, and from what they believed to for the welfare of the whole country, ee , it fur- nishes the highess hope for the future, and fore: with | tells with unerring certainty, the ultimate triumph of that great principle for which we have struggled. ‘Ten other States have concurred with Maine in the effort to restore the governmen: of the United States, to what its wise and patriotic founders designated and intended it should be. New England stood tbe contest substantially where she was in the struggle of the Revolution. ‘That was an effort to establish a free government, and she was pre-eminent in her sacrifices and devo- tion to accomplish that object, as she is now to pre- serve and perpetuate waoat was then accomplished, ‘The true question involved in the late election was substantially whether the advancement of human freedom should continue to be a fundamental princi- ple and a pre-eminent object of our national govern- ment, within the line marked out by the constitu- tion, or whether its powers should .¢ perverted to the extension of slavery. This it was that under- laid all other iseues, however others have magne with it, or whatever may be the its that shall come out of it. It was an effort on one side to make the government of the United States, either by its direct acts, or its acquiesence, or its simpli- city, aid in spreading the evils of slavery over terri- tories where it did not exist, but from which it had been excluded by po-itive law. The history of the governmen: shows conclusivel; that the wire and good men who instituted and 1 itsfoundation, and those who framed our constitu. tion, designed and Spun that it should be one of freedom, and not of slavery. Is was upon this idea that the revolutionary war was successfully prose- cuted, and the constitution adopted. Slavery, it is true, existed ir. most of the States, asit had been forced upon the colonies by Great Britain against their earnest and eloquent remon- strances. The fact was set forth in the original draft cf the Declaration of Independence, as one of the canses of the revolation, whea it came from the hand and pen of Jefferson. After ourindependeace had_been fivally achieved, the institution was re garded as one of temporary character, and is not even named in the constitution. The acts of the men of that day show the sincerity of their inten- tion. They did not desire to found a government upon moral, social, and political wrong. The his- tory of all the past warned them it c uld not be done. , Their reco: ded acts prove indisputably what they ‘did mean. Before the constitation was framed or adopted, and ina Congress acting under the articles of con- federation, Mr. Jefferson reported, in « bill for the government of the territories, the following clause, viz: “That in the year 1800 of the Christian era, there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servi- tude in any of said States, otherwise than in pun- ishment of crimes whereof the parties shall have been corvicted to Fave been personally guilty.” This provision Ss to all the territory belong- ing. to the United Siates at that time, and out of which the States referred to were to be formed. That provision tailed to become a law, for the want of « single vote and by the absence of a single member. In 1787 an ordinance for the government of the ter- ritovies was adopted, and ‘n that was included an article forever excluding slavery from all the terri- tories of the United States, with the addition (hat persons held to service in any State, ander the laws thereof, and escaping into the territories, should be delivered up—tbe same provision having been in- corporated into the constitution by the convention then in session. In 1759, after the adoption of the constitution by the Stetes, she question necessarily arose whether that did not abrogate or annul the ordinance ot ‘57, To remove all doubt, or to make ail certain, Con- gress, at its first session under the consticsution, in 1799, affirmed and made valid that ordinance, and the law was a hy George Washington. Such, briefly, is the early history of the government; and it proves beyond ali doubt that the men of tha’ day cesigned and expected that the extension of slavery should be prevented by the government. Such is just what is now proposei—to follow the lights of their counsel, and by excluding slavery from the Territories of the United States make them the homes of free men. Such are the prominent acts of the men who laid the foundation of our government, and oy be justly Sey to w what they in’ 5 Could any bt exist, as there cannot, an ex- amination of the debates and the history of the times render it more certsin and clear os to what were their purposes. The opinions of that day were concurred in by the prominent men of the South. They were cease in depict- ing the wrongs and injuries which slavery inflict ed upon both by the colored and white man. The sad evils connected with it, in all their relations, were peueges by them in vivid colors. They saw, felt, and acknowledged its ne | efiect. But* now all this is changed. In the Southern States it has been boldly and fearlessly avowed that they must have the right to people the Territories with their slaves, who are made such (in the lan- Cefesavery ¥ elavery constitution, referring to the States existed.) “under the laws thereof,"— thus seeking to control and rogulate the Territories by virtue of State laws. it has also been asserted that slavery is right—that it is the normal condition of the laboring man, and not confined to race or color. Principles and objects like these strike at the foundation of our ment. To pre- serve ¢ it, and to have it ajministered as desi; by our fathers, should ever remain the purpose of all who cherish our free institutions. In 1820, when Mis ouri,asa part of the Louisiana purchase, sought admission as a State into the Union, and just fay time, the question of restrict- ing slavery in the Territories again arose and agitated the country. After much controversy, a proposition was su'mitted and supported almost unanimously by Pet a ‘abinet, avery in itory of 36 deg. 0 min. nore latitude, but suuth of that line leaving it unprohibited by law. The proposition was at the time resisted by the North, for the reason that it did not exclude slavery from all the poo pew com| jise it was however adopted. fi rer Sod thes is shonid uot be dtemarbed cei It so remained for more than a third of a century; and after all of the territory south of that line been aie as wad pong 2 into the Union, except a small portion reserved as a in utter violation of good faith, and at a time when quiet and peace bad Leen restored to the country, it was ruthlessly violated and repealed. From that repeal has arisen the angry discussions in the country. The object of the repeal, as frankly admitted and affirmed by some, and as could well be seen by all, was solely to extend slavery. The acts of men are matters of just criticism, and we have a right to suppose and believe that men in- tend what is the fair and necessary result of their acta. If such were not the object, the was was prohilited—that useless. The fact that siaver, it has since been forced into the ao dis- yagnant er a and odious laws, re and the age in which we live, have been enacted Kaneas by a Legislature elected*by who in- the froma neighboring State—and all the acenes of anarchy and bloodshed which have there tranaptred with the complicity, if not the direct aid, of the government, it wonld seem could leave no room for doult or controversy as to the intended to be accomplished. Those who did that act are justly Cy with all the discussion and excitement with 4d — been agitated—an agitation wi cannot not cease until slavery is confined to the States where it belongs. by ge aggressive, but free- men cannot sul to the aggressions of slavery, and will not be exchided from our Territories. Quiet- tomeey ‘vould make loves mority, ile le slaves of our wi we should deserve no better fate ourselves 2 ‘With slavery in the States we have nothing to do. For fte exter or continuance there we are not res- ponsible. It there depends upon State laws. But out- side of the States, and in the Territories belonging to the United States and subject to their jurisdiction, a , we have men, from the plight and mildew of slavery, where men may be advanced socially, morally and intellect :ally in the acqi ce fcutional duty. “prom juty. teemene wally our duty. While Maine, as one of should at ali times Pe is y8 is the object which has so cordially united oar people to an extent before unknown, but upon a rinciple upon which they have always had a uni- roe of opinion. To accomplish so great and desirable a aad of such vital importance, pra- dence will dictate that our counsels shall not be dis- turbed by matters of less moment. The great ques- tion which noderlies all others should be Eoptenedily in view br al’, and success will be the sure and reward. What we purpose is neither sectional fanatical, has the greatest good of the whole coun- try for ite basis, is in with the practice the government for more than sixty years, and is wortby of the sincere and patriotic efforts of all. The time now is, and contioue, when ail who agree in the pes inperanes of restoring the coua- try to what it was under Washi and Jefferson, must cordially uvite in undi ranks for that pur- What will be the line of policy adopted by the incoming administration of the general government, and how far it will be affected by all the circam- stances which surround it, by the recent demonstra- tion of public opinion in the free States, are ques- tions to be solved in the future. To that future, also, must its own exigencies be left, and what those exigencies may demand. You cannot, however, have failed to notice a somewhat ominous foresha- dowing inthe claim of constitutional doctrine re- cently Ue forth, viz: That as the institution of slavery is, by virtue of certain constitutional provi- sion, made an element of political power, it is there- fore entit ed to an expansion and increase outside of the States where it exists. Whether the incoming administration will adopt and sanction Ro icy eo utterly.untenable as a part of its policy, to be seen. Our daty is plain, It is to maintain the rights of freedom, by opposing, in every legal mode, the extension of ery over the Lgcings Aad the United States, and beg saad in that effort, firmly and consistently, en ritory of Kansas, growing out of the repeal of the of Kansas, out of the repealof the Mineeslscmapetnate tear 1820, furnisnes only a true exhibition of what results from attempts to establish and extend slayery. It presents a de plorable spectacle, and makes what is calleda free government a miserable mockery. The free navi- gation of a public river bas been impeded or pre- vented. A ature has been elected py armed mobs from an adjoining State. The rights guar. anteed by the constitution to the citizens of each State have been disregarded. Laws have been paseed by a Legislature thos fraudulently elected, which are unequalled in their atrocity in any civi- lized country in the world, which virtually deny the right of by jury, abolish the freedom of the press and of speech, and which do not allow a citi- zen to participate in the government without first making an oath repugnant to and in violation of the constitution. All these wrongs have been sustained by the government, and a Judiciary in the territory which bas added to the oppression otherwise exist ing. Honest citizens have been murdered, and dweUings burned, and the laborer interrupted in, or driven from, his pursuits, of receiving that ‘ion in his rights and person to which he was justly as well as copstitutiovally entitled. From this sad state of things produced, it would seem to be the du'y of our State to furnish the citi- zens of Maine, who have gone into that Territory, with such sid and assistance as may be in its power. When the government of the United States shall become remiss in, or shall neglect its plain duty, it becomes the State to act. There can be no doubt that there is actual and severe suffering in that Ter- ritory by thove who have been prevented from pur- suing their ordinary indust ayocations. I would therefore existing state of things “ t me ny iberal ed negiect oi 4 ment, & appro- pristion for fhe relief in food and clothing of the citizens in the territory of Kansas, under such limitations as you may deem necessary, It 1s cue as an act of humanity, and if the government ot the United Staves | fail in its duty to them, and bas neglected its plain constitutional ol ~ P| they should know and feel that they are still cared for in the State from which they went to establish new bomes, and extend liberty and civilization in the West. MASSACHUSETTS. Gov. Henry J. Gardner, in his last annual mes- sage to the Legislature of Massachusetts, devotes a jarge portion of his address to the consideration of the late Presidential election, Know Nothingism, foreigners, naturalization laws, the Kansas question, State resolutions, &c. We give the following ex- — peers Soy above subjects:— ‘ yur nation just passed throngb another Presi- dential contest, uuder circumstances which would have imperilled the existence of any other govern- ment on the globe; and yet, so admirably harmonious are the workings of our system, and so readily obedient are our people to the will of the majority, that a stranger among us would hardly suppose so momentous an event had transpired as the struggle between antagonistic theories concerning the ad- ministration of our government, which, though nominal, rinding Lag Me = veers nevertheles? tell W ite hey an lestiny for geue- rations. ‘And though Tnewhere was the result so «great a disappointment to so large a proportion of our citizens as in Massashu: setts, and nowhere was the real magnitade of the iaeue more fully appreciated, and hopes of a different terminestion more earnestly indu yet here, with a firm reliance on the ultimate triumph of the great principles we cherish, our people ac- quiesce in the result in the proper spirit of our insti- | tations. Yet, though as patriots and good citizens we submit to the will our right but ourdaty to examine thoroughly tae cau- es which prodaced #0 unfavorable a result—a result notonly prejudicial, we fear, to the cause of free- dom, bat portending evil to the integrity of our Union—and to strive,as far aswe may, legally, justly and honorably, to remove them for the future. The issue involved in this great struggle was declared to be, both while it was pending and since its termination, directly or more remotely, not only whether freedom or slavery should established in the Territory of Kansos, yut whether foreign nations should be absorbed, and Cuba, Mexico ye America annexed to our Southern ; not only whether the powers of the executive and the ion of Congress should be ‘tuted to the establishment of serfdom in once free; but also whether the extension of the area of heen diplomacy, by conquest and by purchase, was not to be, and to continue to Le, the established policy of our government. Although it was ly aseerted and widely be- lieved that the of freedom or slavery in Kansas would upon the resnt of this election, and although, it terminated ina different man- ner, the probability of her early admission into the’ Union as a free State would have been ma- prially , yet recent develo ents give strong that the present chiet exeee: tive officer of that Territory, in contradistinc- tion to his ir, will administer the laws fairly and im; ally, will protect the actnal set- tlers in their just right, and will resist the intra- sion of non-residents for illegal purposes. Such are the convictions of those on the spot most capa- ble of judging, and most effectively aiding in the accomplishment of these desired purposes. If so, the energy of our citizens in the race of colomiza- tion, aided by the individual and associated co-ope- ration of the intellectual influence and material re- sources of the people of the North, will certainly outstrip the more siuggish tide of Sonthern emigra- tion, and insure the triumph of free territory in the approaching State of Kansas, a result glorions in it- self, and still more so, as it renders \mpotent the vio lation of a national compact, and an illegal inve sion by the people of an other State for the avowed purpose ot overawing and outnumbering the enffra- ges of rightful citizens, accompanmed with inhuman oa ei murders, and all the atrocities of ac- warfare. Still, so far as the decision of the Presidential election is final, se far as the action of the pre- sent is inevitably in immeasurable and incomprehensible and influences of i: i sf a8 fH hole history establishes, that the foreign hardly an exception, always has bens, that part big! vier bie wanting to y which, un h son orig neg, Gree we, tank e wery ie th, and bonishes from ita platform the mora! questions, and nobler instincts, and more enlightened senti- ments of the age. All classes of aliens, both high and 1), are ab 33 e282 ofthe majority, it is notonly | “the nobler spirit of the century. It was the sorbed, with few exceptions, into this extrems and self styled ve party, by laws of the human par gh oe orem rs Deg conmant. To the German etudent, under the fwrsany, and to under » nasties of the fatherland” to the Trish i, en- thusiastic for the of his country, and to 1d; to the revolutionist, of a contineatal republic and national liberty; and to the ‘down troddek of all ruling powers of Europe, ani is rebellion and political change the continent over. To the philosopher and the serf it bears the same wild and alluring avtrac- tion. It is a word having there a mia and terrible meaning. It incarnates the Uto- pian dreams of the political visionary, the ambi- tion of 8% ling and inexperienced youth, the as- wpe cf t Aipnomse od ie Seca oe the Cord ous soldier, the expectations toiling serf, and wildest hopes of the disconteuted of Ls With these preposseasions the foreigner lands upon our shores, and irresistibly attaches himself to the party g this name he has beea taught to worship. So it has been, and 8» it ever will be. And it is alien body which has decided in the past many of our t national elections, and in the fa- tare, unless checked, is destined to thwart many of the noblest movements which New England, co- operating with New Eogland sentiments—morality and education—diffused through the great West, may undertake in behalf of freedom, humanity ae ing influence of this body which counteracted the great Northern uj ing oi the last national election. For wherever New England sentiments, New Englaad education, and New England morality, by reason of State colonization from the indigenous and unmixed ulation of these six states were diffused and pre- jominated, there, without an exception, the cause of free terrtory triumphed. And not only foreign ignorance and vice, but German rationalism, the in- fidelity of Southern Earope, and the godless philo- sophy 80 prevalent among her educated men and better citizens, bear an instiactive autagonism to the moral sentiment and practical Christianity which underiaid the movement involved in this Presidential contest, and which will uoderlie all conservative attempts to develope and carry out the genuine American spirit of our republican institu- There is but one remedy and but one barrier to this steady and increasing power. I fully dis- cussed this remedy, and the principles whic com- pelled me to advocate i's adoption, in my first meseage to the Legislature of Massachusetts; and I earnestly reiterate the sentiments therein con- tained, so signally and so deplorably have they been confirmed by the unmistakeable lesson of the events of the past year. And I urge attention to them be- cause it isso strikingly evicent that the great bat- tle--ot which the contest of 1856 was but the pre- liminary skirmish—the great battle to keep out of the Union Cuva, Mexico and Central America, with their aliens and their slaves—eountries blasted b; Spanish tyranny and the Spanish inquisition, ti they are but the melancholy tragments and relica of States with a degenerate p»pulacion,and are fit only as lands for the lanting of negro slavery to grow side by side with the grossest political and re- gious eer'dum; this great battle can be triumphant- ly fought only by appealing to the people uader the banner of the principies J have therein enumerated, which principles are not grounded merely in the and prejudices, bat commend themselves to the reflective judgment of our citizens. Born and brought up under totally dissimilar prin- ciples of government, and accustomed to be led by the clanmsh influences which surround them rather than by enlightened individual responsibility, aliens are unfitted to appreciate or rightly use the great trust inthe exercise of which they are unwisely permitted to participate. While we would grant them, and defend them in the enjoymeat of their religious belief, in the worship of the Supreme Ar- biter of all our destinies, according to their customs or their preferences, yet, in considering the pro- priety of voluntarily granting or withholding, for a suitable period, the exercise of those functions which constitute our own political privileges and bi t, we may properly, and should necessarily, remember that tne class of ‘aliens to whom we specially refer are blindly attached to a religious taith whose cardi- nal yee ys is implicit obedience to its temporal bead, and that temporal head a foreign tate, which torbids inde ace of action and the right of private judgment; which claims not only the power to inflt:t temporal ills on those who dare question its infallibility, but also to entail futare and eternal ven, ce; relates notoriously coerce poli- tically as well as spiritually its followers; and which ——— to iteelf, and actually exerts, @ potent and malign political inflaence, at war with the teach- ings of our constitution and the essence of our gov- ernment. It matters not to the true patriot—to the thinking statesman—whether at any particular election they vote as he deems right or not ; their power is the same, the danger of its influence is as great, in which way soever it muy for the time be exer- qd ‘Witnessing this vast influence for evil, which is continually swollen by accessions from the old world, aud seeing, year after year, the manifold daogers which not only threaten the future bat are pernicious to the present, it seems strange that all who value the exhortations of the futhers of our country, the teachings of past history, or the repeated warnings of the present, do not unite to counteract this acknowled, inger, Oar faith in a righteous cause, our in an over-rali Providence, and the consciousness of the approv: of our ow! ents, as well as of the approba- tion of many of the wisest and best of our fellow citizens, should constrain us to waremitted efforts, ——_ us of ultimate — is Gace aed This cannot properly intol- erant or oppressive, for it is not proposed to in- terfere in any way with any rights whatsoever, already acquired and at present ee Sey one now entitled to exercise the elective chine, or to hold office, isto be, aad should be, protected in those rights. It is merely desired to establish a legislative compact with the incoming race, that if they choose hereafter to make their home with- in our borders, they may do so, freely participati in our gratuitous educational privileges, protect by our laws, defended by our government, ele- vated by our republican institutions, but subject to the sole condition that they shail take no part in the selection of our rulers or the administration of our government until they are fitted by /- ence to understand its working and appreciate its blessings. Not only mt ween — a sitates this cy; ty of our system demands it Nhe —_— of humanity re- quires it; the teachings of our early statesmen in- culeate it; the experience of our own lives teaches it, and our judgment, duty and patriotism all point to it as a primal, inevitable and apsolute ob: jon. The oy in —h to the aa ye Kan- sas, passed by the Legislature, in accordance with the request contained in them, were trans mitted to the executives of the different States. The copy addressed to the Governor of Alabama was returned neta ty De, Cosmas ee warranted and undignified communication, in which he expressed a desire for no further intercourse with thon , lai - LL Fa Serending in , to reply, honor snd dignity roar Bhate, bola om als af covert inuendoes. A second com- luded any 5 same resolves sent to the Go- of Mississippi, was also returned, unexceptionable in its a preambie and resolutions ture of that State, directing received. laaeachnsetts is consciously too secure in her ition, both im the triamphant present and in the unalterable record of the post, to be at all affected by any exhibition of bad taste on the part of those to whom she addresses herseif. And she cordially invites, o« she confidently will continue to send forth, any such conmunicetions, and assares her sffiliated States that so far as she herself is concern- ed, they shall be received, however opposed to her sentiments or her policy, in the proper spirit, and with the accustomed comity of nations. they Outrageous Proceedings at a Democratic Ball, from i the Haltimore Paurtot, Jan. 9) At the democratic ball, which took last night in the hall of the Maryland [ a roceed- by the most and disregard for decency and lite that ie ible to imagine. Fights occarred in which and knives were used in the freest manner. Thompson had his throat cut, from which it ie he cannot recover. A man, whose name we could not learn, was shot in the breast,and ps Ladd ontlawry wee of common evening, ba: d at the entrance inside the hall, about one o clock, between Country Thompson and a number of New Market ‘ies. Thompson had the hall, and on observing one of the he was not arrested in would arrest him, Chis a fight, in which a number participated; ore fired, which tended to disperse the out , and after some hard knocks it wag ‘This gave rise to another fight, by which a number of persons received severe bruises. These were the two important fights of the eve: '; others occurred, but were soon quelled. About time the first affray took place, a gentleman, a stranger in the city, in company with some of our merchants, had bis portmonnaie stolen, con aii over $1,100, a check for #250, and a geen ore ticket for 300 miles. He waited on the act this morning, and made known bis loss, having just telegraphed to stop the payment of the chesk if offered. A Scene in the ee House of Representa- Mow (Correspondence of the 8. Tot Repti) SPRINGFIELD, Ill, Jan. 5, 1857. ‘This morning an ou! yi at the same time fn amusing scene occurred in the House of Repre- seniatives. It took place inthis way: Nearly all the members being present, they proceeded to orga- nize the House in the usual way, by electing a Speaker, Clerk, assistant Clerk, and Sergeant-at Alms pro hoy oat The person chosen for Speaker tem. was Mr. Dougherty, of Union; for C! Je . McConnel; for Se! v-at-Arms, Tevis Great- house, of Fayette. The Speaker and Chair took their seats. At thistime Mr. Bridges, the Clerk of the former House, made his appearance and declared himself the presiding officer of the House until it was regularly organized, and pro- tested against the proceedings of the members in electing a Speaker and other officers. The members paid very little attention to him—in- asmuch as they had an intimation as to the course he intended pursuing—and went on with the busi- iness. The Speaker then directed the Clerk pro tem. to call the roll of the House and see how many members were present. Mr. Bridges again protest- ed, called the Speaker to order, declared himself the peeing, Poe and demanded that the members address him. The Speaker several times called Mr. ie to order, and Mr. Bridges again called the Speaker to order. Every one began to be somewhat excited at this stage of proceeding. Mr. Arnold, of Chicago, commenced making a speech for the pur- pose of sustaining Bridges, and here we will proceed verbalim et literatim:— Mr. AkNoLD—‘“Mr. Speaker, I wish to make a few remarks.” SerakeR.—“Does the gentleman recognise me as the Speaker?” AXKNOLD.—“No sir.” Sreaksz.—Then the reas is out of order and will take his seat. ‘ne Clerk will proceed to call the roll.” Bumers—“ I protest. I have my rights here, and intend to maintain them. I am presiding officer of this house ,and intend to maintain my rights.” Speaxer—* Order.” T call you to order, sir.’’ , of Jackson—“ Mr. Speaker, I move that the Sergeant-at- arms, pro tem., be instructed to take Mr. Bridges out of the House, if he persists in bis course.” Brivers— I call ha to order, sir” Logan’s motion being seconded, and the question being put and carried, the Speaker directed the Ser- geant-at Arms to show Mr. Bridges the door. Mr. GreaTHOUsE, it-at- Arms, walked up to Mr. Bridges, and politely informed him that he was dire.ted to show him out. fridges told him to keep his hands off, or he would get hurt. Greathouse took him by the collar, when ‘a4 struck him, ani then commenced the scene. They clinched, while many of the members made up to the acene of action to assist the Sergeant in the dis- charge of his duties. Alter some considerable wrestling, knocking over chairs, desks, inkstands, men, ana things gener:lly, Mr. Bridges was got out with his coat “shockingly torn.” Five or six assistant Sergeant-at- Arms were then appointed to keep order, and the House pro- ceeded to business. After the members had been sworn in the House adjourned until three o'clock this afternoon, This is one of the most disgraceful affairs that ever occurred in our State and by for the most im- padent. Such a thing as the old Clerk organizing the new Honse of Representatives was never before heard of in this State, and Mr. Bridges hiuseif knew bad poe Ag wey authority, bod be himself had ap , two years ago Clerk pro tempore, and after the House was organized he was elected Clerk for the session. We think Mr. Arnold is rep- rehensible tor trying to sustain him in his outrageous course. Juver Rusee...— This magistrate bas ascended to the tench quietly, presides with nity, and gives daily e ot his profeasic mean 4n act of Judge Russell's in General of Thursday gives us an indication of the temper of our new City Judge, and we like it. We ailude to the sentence of Patrick Cosgrove, to the Peuiten- tiary for sx months, for an assault and battery on officer Murphy, of the Fourth ward, who was ia dis- c of bis duty. Cosgrove has been “up” before; he bel an to 8 gang Of epceaions op) to have —. in’ ree. ented’ Jaa as hails m tl pee which sup; Russell's election. Influence, however, would not save him. The example may profit his companions—some of whom eadly need it—and may somewhat qualify the isness of that class who predict that every- thing 1s going to the d——1 because the judiciary elective.—New York Leader, Jan. 11. Court Calendar—This Day. 663,647, 248, 247, 249, 261, 268, 266, 2—Nos. 82/108, 26, 66, 142, 194, 108 to 208, 214, 416, 420. ScPEEMs VovRt— Special Term.. — €2 to 69, 73, 74, 109, 111 Scrsxion Cover.—New 148, 267. 966, 267, 273, 312, 316, BB, B81, 341, 842, 348, 344, '845, 846, 347, 344, 360, 453, , 356, 866. 887, 88, 260, 861, 392, 268, 364, 346, 807, 868; $70, STR, BIB 76, 370," B40, B81, 389, 589, ¥84, 980, 387, 880, 880, 300, 404, 896, 206, 808, 399, 400, 207, 298, Common Pisss—Part 1 —Nos 155 to 169 inclusive and 14, 83, #7. Part 9 —Now, 48, 148, 144, 147, 160, 188, 170, 171, 152, 173, 174, 78, 18. 334, 161, 176. “MARITIME INTRLLIGENCR. New York .....Jam. 12.. Havana@NOrieans New York .....dan. 22......8am Juan, Nie, , STE. AND FROM HAVANA. Taaret—¥ rom (has leston 19th and due at Havana 24 aod jth, From Havana lth and 2th, due at New York ith wean Pram New Toy mh arvce a ere st due at New York 4. Lack Wannion— Prom New York 2th arrive at and New Orieans 34. Srom New Orleans i2th, feamet oh ne setter raema pices cree Pee aaa teas lew York nin bipey bee Lat AND CHINA. fence In the Raat — ‘The mail leaves Southampton on the 4th and SXh of rach month, and heavy weather on the coast, aplit sails, leat {he Barstow, Wind at sunrise, SW; meridian, NW; sunset, N, and fresh. pe sian ten ey BOSTON, Jan foae ship Bopewell, Liverpool. HOLMES’ HOLE, Jan 10—Thore is a large fleet of vessels in the bark. pA te Daniel Webster, from Baltimore BELFAST, Me Jan ll—The new ship Hualco, from this tfor New Orleans, struck & rh Funk in wonty-four fathoms. ‘Grew auyed, | Nour™ ouh aad o LPAIA, Ji ioe Ih PHILADELPBIA, J al—Cid \ereon, Harrisea 11 yot Rew York, ee Ne Maz. but tn City n Yo alll ashore owtiside Gap, TO Er cha tees dg ci at 6 o'cl mornt writing shee butting away ai the ice below Ref'Bank, whee and for two miles below the heavy. The iver opposite the oity Capt’ Key, of the cast the big Rvergreen and Duok Creek, met no ioe from Chester Beody Island two felda of foe paaced it, and saw noe im the cy clear. bay frem 0 ae house; wud biowiue strong from the NW, and fair for veasels ay. ‘The Tee Boat returned to day (10th) at 12% o'clock. As far down as Grubb's Landing the ice is piled itiree to lve feet high, froin the Horse Shoe to Chester. will take in a supply of coal and proceed down the river. The screw steamship Edinburgh, Capt Cumming, sailed yea- terday for Glasgow, She took out 75 passengers and a futt cargo. Brig Zonoasten—We learn that the brig Zoroaster, Capt Drinkwater which left this port in the latter pact of Novem ber for Minatitlan, with laborers and provisions for the Tehu gale ec oad Com it pebween, the bar ef the brig took & boat aud undertook to reach Tabasco. Sut mis took the pass and all were lost. AJl the laborers were sa’ ard with a stock of provisions trom Tobasco. were coureyed to Minatitlan by the Mexiean schr Jovan Manuella This In- formation was furnished by the crew of the wrecked Mexican sehr Joven ‘arrived here om fucsday last.—N O Picayune, Jan 3, Scam RxixpeeR, previously reported ashore on Connimi- cut Point has been off. and & schooner supposed Was at archor near Nayalt Polat at sunset Sti imate, °° Not? Scour Minwavxie—The vessel (bett sorted ashore on Great Round Shoal provaato be the coke, i ice from Iucksport for Buokvll 0, 30 (before reported. wb doned, and crew arr at Boston). She has sunk at her asohers SLoor Frie—Capt Fountain. of the steamtug: up in the lower bay yesterda: 4” She had chain who Vesseis at New Oneans—At this season of the year thr png bare pd New Orleans is nearly equal to the fran Bertin Uniied States, On the 34 inst there were no leas Sr. 47 berks. 24 — schooners and 7 steam- shi in that port. At the same date there were 115 ships. 95 oa wg brags, 302 schooners and 36 steamships in on the berth are fil for Havre. There is offerin marbet gen aunexed table. not ‘There are but lig! const erally closes firm at our quotations, Notice to Mariners, MILLINGSGATE ISLAND LIGHTHOUSE, WELLFLERT BAY, CAPE COD. Owing to the serious injuries sustained by tits Lighthous during (be last severe the te extinguished, and # not be again exhibited until farther notice By order of the Lighthouse Board, ® CH B CALDWELL, LH Inspector, 24 dist. Boston, Jan 10, 1866. Spoken, &. 4g Bte Joseph, Cables, from Philadelphia for Boston, no date, Foreign Ports. Br Ta s—The brig Lucy Heywood, Sweet, reported ia yesterCay's paper as at Thomas om the 2th ult #id on the 1th ult for Doboy, as reported in the Herald of the 5th inst. (Per Srxameme Nowrn American, at Poatiaxp~Apor- mon al. Aziwrnr, Deo 178i Graham s Polly, Hayden NYork. Hinisxo1. Dec 19—Remained at the Ful,’ Nacoochee, White, and Forest Oak, Snow, from NOrieans brewmnnaven, Dec i6—8idG F Munty, Bremer. NYork; Osrabruck, Lange, San Franciaco; Bremerhaven, Hilken Orleans; Albert, Klockgever; Therese, Hohorsi, ana J i Becker 'Watchendoril, N york. Canvire, Dec 18—Arr souvenir, Popham, Portland; Sea Lure, Adaina, Liverpool. Guavesesy, Dec W—Arr Ocean Ranger, Friend, Morant for London. Be ‘port roton, imnaitan Dec 15—In'port Sea Queen, Groton, from Lag hora for New York, Rodmond, Gray from Callao’ Aug Ll tor Genos put in lou for water, (See below). Bamatnc, Dec i7~Sld Rhein. Spter, N York, Kixastows, Lec 18—Put in Palmyra, Lovitt, from ®t Joba ME rvanrooe, Dec 21—Arr James Caskt AVEMSOOL, — james Caakie, Devine, Queaec; Wim I Morris, Tayler, St Stephen, NB Silt 2ist Yedry come, Fi NOrleans; 234, Rowena, Smith, Buenos ayres, kota ior log 19h Emma MoKenzle, Uhariestoa; Roma Ht gobp Wham, 1; Bridgewater, jam 1; . roy foro Ey ». Lovt for New 1) Protector, ‘orid. Ksight, for'do J ‘sco Jan Dec ‘Traveller Blanchard, Antwerp ‘a port White Falcon, yan, for Bom - ‘tual Neweasti® Dec 19—Cld Medora, Liampton, Providence; W 1D Sewall Morrison, N York Prxzaxce, Deo is—Slo Reform, Pinvham Venice. JUFRSSTOWN Dec 19—Arr Swan, Seroggins, 8 John, NR, Od Adgban, Barley, do Put to 1éth, Mismastpp!, Walsh, from Quebec for Liverposi, smasted. Swansea, Dec 18—Arr Pheasant, Chesterfield, Charlestoa. Livenroot. Dec 2l—about 60 bales cotton have deen re geited tom ike 8 1, Warner, from Mew Orieans, aabore near e ‘The bark Roimond, Gray, 12) days from Callao, with guase for, Genos, put into Uibraltar 10th ull, tore supely of water. From int 40810 Gibraliar, the sodmond hardiy had rata enovgh to fill & barrel with'water ouring the whole voyage, and sbe ran through both wopion without having had a aay ‘ove ume a sbower that Listed 1 minutes, This extraerainary circumsiance compelled her ‘o put in tor a supply of water. Home Ports. BOSTON, Jan 10 AM—Arr schr Georgiana, Polleye, Smvr- na aud Gibralir, via Provinesiowm. Cid ship Jokn Wills, Ward, Calcutta: bark Maryiaod, King, Surinam: brig Ma: deira, Robbins, Port Spain; scbr Henry Hooten. Gtias, Cry. eane And a mkt; steamers William Jenkins, fHallet\, Baud mere; Fa’medi, iisker: Philatelphia: ship Sabine. {Teadee, Mobile; brige Bonaparie,, Means, Charieston: Industry. Re Vinsop, Marching; Klin ley, 8 W Hopkins, Pe load for Cuba; schrs North state, Horton | Savannan Weils, Terry. Charleston; Julia Anna Harding. Bs ti Amos’ Faikindurg, Kogera, Nferk; Isabella, Paulklin, James Ward, Tripp, do. BALTIMORE Jan Ol brig Almore, Vow, NYork. Sit steamer Jos Whitney, Howes, Woston. HAISTOL, Jan 9—in port aebrs Phenix, Gladding wnd Tt, Newcomb, Bacon, from N York; slooos America, Reynolds, 60, "Thos pull, Hyill, from Providenee for NY CHARLESTON, Garr steamship Marion, Fouter, York: Fr ehip Sully, 00d, tani Harding Philedelphin: ceda. Maianzan; biig kimeoe Hagar, Soublates Queen, Hale Liverpool: brigs Serer, Jacksonville Jarien (Nor), anderson Marseilles, schre ores, Faony, Hull, Nfork. Sid en , Hammond, from Norfolk of Chise- way W HL Atwood. Smith, Aoston for snow, Be. De er wckly. Poston ®br M Steadman Terry, LAWER, Del Jan 9 9 AM— wnication. MULE, Dee Me-Arr aches W Burdick Newport RI_L8 Levering, Corson, Philadelphia. Pactervon, Havee: barks’ Pant Duzer, Rod deed Dwight, Nick Providence; schre Kaapp, York; . Taylor, Havana, Jan 1 A2—Arr ship Empire Queen, Raker, Liverpool; Be bark Ganges Halpin, Glbraiar, Sardinian brig Seven Arota- iahieria, sohre James Buchanan Ded Pea ‘atterson. Greytown, Ca; Sarah Burton, Boston: Onward, Hookina, Havana; J A Little, Phi Danube, Cow ‘chr Mo ahve Kate mt, Howard Sd arr sbipe ady Tassel! (Br), Smiter, Lav ; Clare cian “Lavancs. Childs Liverpool; Omarvala, Jarvis, faere: ORLBANS. fan T-cthe N papers of Ist inst have Fot come io Rabi) Arr ahipn Radgerone, sibbe, New: buryport: Crown Point, Cook, do. Rebeces, 7, 5 bards Pore Wallace, Saaith, Rio Janet Goh 'Tube et Jago de Cuba, een Victoria Danant, St Kitts; Rentinn sieden, Kio Janeiro cary Lebanon, Hamilton: Foc arr snipe Memon aod Jobn Bunyan, Nickete, NYork; Aldan me ‘tot Mary O'urien, Vesper, tho: Preston: br barks lunch; Morton. Cork: hile Oliver, Hea dereon,” Havana; Fecoe Span Oxter. and Pipe, Ber. iiayaner ache Harriacn Jones, Gammon. Tempe’ Bay. ‘rem at Gibraltar abont the 9th and 25th of same month. twand, Hi Arrives at Maite about che 14th and SR of tame month. Cia shipa Cornelia, Bianchard, Liverpool, Sulwan (Wr), Hunter, wae came and Oh Of ft | Aware stipe Volant Bray, NYork; Titen, fears, Mar» Lanves Suez about the 20th or ist of same and 6h or Gu of | seiilon; brigs 1 Wooderster,' Torrevieja: Jehoswee Set- «To wing month. fens, Carleton Adding Child. Bel Howton: Jog Law <Tives at Aden abont the 2th or 26th of same and 10th oF iimington. NC Below steamship 12th of following month. Morgan. Tacs. trom Indmnota and Galveston: Leaves Aden about the 26th or 37th of same and day of arrt- | Holmes, Joasiin, Sristo’; Paqueta (Sp), Giviea, Has i. eh Poe dees tant win eben eit of te in non oe i Fiater Hiayre. Diogenes (ip) Falia, : 8p and C. ‘arrives at " 13h and 2 fo of feowing math ona . PM—Arr. t Chas Moraaa, Plage, Indianola and ‘Leaves, ‘de Gaile for Penang the same day, ifthe | GAlv Beiow echra Red on abla. y steamer haa already sarived which takes the mali jane. nee anon wench - ee eee Oy. Grin, Nore vis Barina: Narks “Pital Waves soihrrives a about the 16th or 16th and Siet or Ist of Sense tre kines Geir ; Carmen (8p), Goredo, Len shout 12 houre after arrival. Towed to sea Tth, ships Southern Belle, and Pam Fiiahy Arrives at ‘Kong about the 23d or 34th and Sth or 10th {5 alee aber I of following men' bg A yore oe Jane and Norwood; yi at-|4 4 EWHORT Yan's, ¢PMC-Arr ache Prowess, Rich, Baitt. ie of nnn nnn AN packages and letters intended for the Maw Yous wei shold te sled. sn Port of New York, January 11, 1857, CLEARED gf (owt not before ra ship Robert Kelly, Bare Liverpool—Boyd & 1 U8 steam frigate Wabash, nal, agship of ihe Mome Siundrom. from \epinwall and Havana. ship Vancouver ee ), Jenkins, Foo chow w daye, passed Anjier ‘with tena, Ao, KY FY ome, Rusa tor we her again 19th, in Int 11.8 ton 99 Fe, nod again om 118. lon 80. Ist inst, lat 36, lon 70, st oke rchr Muait, for New York, with decks swept, 10 sor’ ing, and did not krow where bo was. The ¥ eee Se aE im, ‘of water, supplied her. The caotain b @ | Rorzard’s Pay. shout four of fiv Mail, Gen Arm 4 i) fehra Rarah M oop HM Bowen, all others reporied yea. Del, Jan 10, 103; AM—No change at harbor. moderating, bit nuended with’ aw. River fill of is te et ing oe Ts Dee is ernie mee New eam ' ron te Ww Old 27th back Mersin, oR, P en in. OTIOHMOND, Jan 9—Arr sches Lynching, Harris, N Yorks Fe ANWATL Jon O-Are geamshtp Angaste, Woodhu nO —Arr atone , youn, achre Win B & catear : snd’ Rnehan E by lumber ( Lan newton, 1; Alfred (Br). Kerr, dos Jayne, NYork. nna Richart Cobden, Bi NYork, brigs Angus asaer, from Georeetnen | Tih— Arr bark Maria Don: WOODS’ OLR, Jan 10- ww froren uo in the ice from here. No prow gia York, hound tor Wer pects of getting out,