The New York Herald Newspaper, December 4, 1856, Page 1

THE NEW YORK . wv ERALD. | WHOLE NO. 7401. © MORNING EDITION—THURSDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1856. PRICE TWO CENTS. THE FINANCES OF THE COUNTRY. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ‘SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, ON THE State of the Finances, for the Year Ending Jane 30, 1856, ‘Treasury Deranrumnt, Deo. 1, 1856. Siz:—In obedience to tho act entitled An ach to estad- Jish the Treasury Department,’ approved May 10, 1800 the foliowing report is submitted :— ‘The balance in the treasury on the Is} of July, 1866, was......... + +++ $16,981,976 0( ‘Tho actual receipts ef the first quarter of the fiscal year 1856, viz : the quarter ending Sepvember 30, 1855, were, ‘as stated in my formor report.— From cusions . . f 17,085,288 23 te eseeseeeeens $19,774,480 13 receipts for tbe romaining three quarters fi 42,000,000 00 6,844,274 13 500,000 00 ning ee im the treasury July 1, Giving ‘be estimated sum for the service of hes ‘ . 86,860,710 27 penditures of the first quarter of said year, viv —the quarter ending September 80, 1856, were Lowe: and foreign inter- cese $5,117,880 26 1,799,662 19 5 142,111 38 4,282,292 57 PROMIUM ..csseceececeeeereree cess cess 262,209 7L ‘The estimated x quarters were as follows:— ivil, miscellaneous, and fore, GOUTSO... ... sesees Defficiency in Post office, Interior, peusions, and teesecesece ‘16,004,116 10 the ‘romaining three Total... veseensneeseesenseceessceecesy 64,682,480 81 Making the actual ana estimated expenditures $71,226,- 846 91, and leat an estimated balance in the treasury on the 30th June, 1856, of $16,623,863 36, ‘The actual receipts into the treasury for the fiscal year ending 30th of June, 1866, were, for the— Ist quarter.— From customs. $17,085,238 28 From lands. 9,365,725 37 ‘Miscellaneous and incidental. 383,495 98 «$19,174,460 13 450,073 04 160,113 20 ‘S18, 347 200 25 -4th quarter—From customs $16 776,472 64 From lands. ‘Miscellaneous and incideutal. 18,902,634 16 A eT ee 978,918,141 46 “Balance m the treasury let July, 1666.... 18 981,976 O1 Total sum for the service of the fiscal year i 92,850,117 47 022,863 50 8 917,644 95 977,633 03 aeeeseceeececesceecesecces 13,918,141 46 ‘xpenditares of the year were as follows — 6,680,880 84 16,993,074 3 22,780,741 22 72,948,792 02 Te B “Civil, foreign imtercourse and wiscelia $25,274,330 99 3,872,826 64 16,948,196 89 of’ public “devi, ‘interest Shenae le! er PREMIUM es. cscs cece coeesvesseesneeeee 12)7%6,990 38 To this add the estimated balance in the weasury July 1, 1856 87,1 year ending the 308 of Jane, 1867, ‘The estimated oxpendisures tor said yoar wore as fol- lows:-— ‘Daianoe of former appropriations to be pended during the year. .......... 6,096,689 99 Permanent and appl sto be expended are: 7,699,910 14 ‘Appropriations ask: seeeeee ++ 45,114,765 46 Total. te ereecesees cess sesese 69,461,365 58 aia ed ein LI ee p lor dul . ard leaving an estimated balance in the wreasery, on the Tet of July, 1857, of $20,672,497 78, without aay eati mato for dem the public debt, ie ' the Ist quer juarter ending the $20,677,740 40 $92,530 39 865,810 57 Total + $21,925,431 36 Making the ‘actual receipts tor tho first and the receipts for the remaining three farter nd $17,284,190 4 quarter «$11, Third quarter, pt bs Fourth quarter .. Tne cowensinsenereontamee onan ab Shsiss ‘a $72,956,310 67 ‘on tho Ist of July, 1856, of... sees. Sines aap ie ‘The actual for the first quarter of the fiscal ae keke, juarter ending the 80th of Sep- ber, 1856 —| 4 5,113 The estimated three querters of the year are sot down as toll 18,000,000 00 17,168,178 76 16}668,121 24 ‘Making the actual expenditures for the first avarter, ana the estimated expenditures the remaiaing three quartors........ 70,611,413 31 Which leaves an estimated baiance in the on the 80th of June, 1857, of. $22,945,222 81 ge oy and oxpenditures of the first of tne year, : the quarter ending the 50th of , 1856, see statement No. 2. jures of the first quarter exhibit the 4 expended juarters. treasury, for the fiscal yoar ending a8 follows :— baeritrd 57 «$72,966,310 67 Making the sum of........... for tho service of the fecal year 1863. balance in’ the ‘on the 80th of June, 1858, of.. .. 43,096, March, The atic, a om the 4th of 1863, 199,987 27, and Was +) the debt of Texas, by the sum of $2,750,000; which gives the public debt ft, $71,870,907 27. '1t bas since boon reduced, up to the 16th dsy of November, 1866, the date of the Register inst report, to the aum Of $30,963,009 64, See statement No. 8. [n tasking thie redvction, the #um of $40,916 . O27 Oh has baen pald for the ‘principal thereof, and 04,600,899 Si for promium on portions of it redgomad bo fore maturity, saving the sum of $14.606.441 39 by pay- | our expenditures, with the continued increase of our re- ing im advance, and jeay the puolic debt, on the (6th day of November, 1856, ), 963,900 64, as per statemont No. 3, parts 1 end 2. f In addition to the public debt, as above stated, there is Oue under treaties with verious Indian tribes, payable on time, the sum of $21,066,501 86, as por statement No. 4 of this report. This debt. as # becomes payable, consti- tutes an item of anoual ex; , and is estimated fc by the Interior Department out of ibe extinsion of the Indian possessory tit to the public leads, and ia @ charge on she aanual rales, Benides this cebt, the United States have in- vested money ic stocks for several of the trines, to the amount of $5,511,624 08, and hold the principal of tho Smithsonian fund, amouating to $615,169, under the act of the 7tb July, 183%, in stocks tor that institution, as por statement No. 5. The Ucited States having made those investments for the In¢ians and of the Smunsoaisn funt apbvally provide for the payment of the tacerest, whic interest is or is uot received on the stocks. Tho arrear egrs of the interest appear, in the tables, to the amount of $120,704 74 on the stocks for the [adiaus, aat $487,731 92 on the stocks of the Smitha fuad Statement No. 6 gives the balances of approprillons of trust or special ‘unds on the books of the treasury at the clove of the ileeal year (856 Statement No.7 gives the stocks belonging to the United States in the Ormal Swamp, Chesapeake and Delaware, Uneeapeake mau aio, acd Lowsvilie and Portisnd canals. ‘The estimated receipts for the fecal year 1956, with the actval receipts of the frst quarter, and the balsace in t treasury on the 1st of eo 5, were $90,850,710 27; and the actual receipts with the game adition, $92,850,117 47, being an excess over the estimates of $5.+99,401 20, he customs, sctoal and estimates, were $59,035,238 98, and the receipus $64,022,863 40, The lands, actual end estimated, were $3,000,000, and the receipts $4,917,844 93, Miscellaneous, actual and estimated, were $335,495 93, ard the receipts $977,688 03, The estimated expenditures for the fiscal year 1856, were $71,226,846 91, and the acwusl expenditures $72,948,792 2, beivg $1,721,946 11, tn excess of the eati- mates. It will bo seen. from an examination of statement No. 1, that ‘be sum of $14,776,490 38 was expented during the year, in payment of interest, promium and redempuoa of ihe pubite debt. king the expenditure upoa ail other objects, $60,242,401 64; the estimated expeuditare for interest, premium and redemption of the public debt, being $10,301,009 71, amd the payments $/.475 390 67 more then the estimate, making the expeaditures upoa otber objecta, less than estimated. In making estimates to be submitted to Covgrems, for the arnusi expenditures, they present themselves in three ciaeses. In the frst class aro the balances of unexpended appro- priations expected to be called for during the your. In the second class are the expenditures under ex'sting standing indefioite approprtetions. This includes tue ro- demption and intorest of the public debi, the expenses of collecting tke public revenue, und some pensions and ober items, In the third are all moneys necessary tocomply with existing treatica and laws, locludieg tho expsnsos of Con- ‘the necessary pablic printing, and moneys due treaty stipalations, the payment of the civil let, foreign ministers, consuls, and commerciai ageats, tne expenses of the army and nevy, Indian iatercourse, the survey of tho public lanas, of tne United States courts, maintaining lights in estabitshed light — with a variety of other objects, provided for by departments Prepare eatimates for the branches of the public service respectively com- mittec to their charge, Teference to expen iitures arising under existing laws, as in class 2 aad which they cannot discharge out of existing or standing appropria- tions. In addition, the Secretaries estim ste for auch appro priations, aa in their j ‘are required for their re- spective departments. is class embraces the estimates printed and sent to Congress at the commencement of each seeston; but sends, during the seg sion, such additional estimates as in bis judgment the e 1y of the service under bis charge requires. ere are other appropriations which the Secretary of the Treasury bas to consider in his report on the faaaces. ‘The eS @udition to the existing spd standing approprietions, and ia addition to the for cemplinnce Ss Ww. The several executive givating with Congress daring the altaough 10 specific sum is set down in the estimates. Sabamses eee ae in ge oo or ti x . the r from public Ls or dimia iebed sales; whilst the expenditures, to a very conside- rable extent, depend upon the action of Congress, aad the delay in applying for, and settiement Cf, cimims at toe treasury. The Legislative power is responsivie for ail wasteful, yd unnecessary exponditures, authorized cum be authorized; because with that power, the right to lop off all such waste and extravagance, ‘ a r or mosifcation of the laws,or bya refusal to grant avy such appropriations. The exce ower is r sible for a correct construction of laws, and an boneet application of whe funde placed by Coa ress at its disposal, in the exeoution of the ws, end or whe objects which the appropriations are made. bas the ment, to recommend the repeal or moidcation of laws, for the purpore of Jopping off al) wast, extravagant unnecesrary expencitures, and to recommend all such, puolic interest may call for, within the limits of the tution; but the legislature is not bound, by the re- mendations, nor to await exooutive recom neadation, to a repeal or modification of laws, or a3 to a) . }, and bas the right, by new enactments, to proper construction of the laws, and their economical bidise 5g ; a or law, £0 make the exyetditures coaform pr views, rather than hezard the injustice and du- credit of failing to pay charges, accrued and accruing, Economy is a legislative as well as an administrative virtuo, which it ia to commend and preecribe rules whi te loult to observe, an ov jt to the same end. — end unnecessary ©: y, It the logiststive branch fails, waato, ture are the re- sult, executive branch is without the full proventive power ; but if the executive branch falls, the lature can restrain and correct limabuees. The first step in the right direction is so to modify the revenue laws more money shall be coliected from the peopie thaa is no required for an economical admministretion of the govern. ‘ment, in fulfilment of a/| its obligations and duties, exter pal abd interval. The second is the houest and faith/ul Penne ap to the legitimate purposes of government. The actual receipts from customs into the treasury for the first quarter of the fiscal year 1857, viz ; the quarter ending the 30th of September, 1865, have boon $21,926,491 36, being $2,150,971 98 more than the cor responding quarter of the preceding year. The same causes that to increase the revenue from cas toms during the last year may be ex, to intiaeace same way the receipts of the succooding three quarters, but probably not to the same ex tent. The estimate of rece from customs bas, therefore, been advan to $86,000,000. ‘The recelj from lands for the same frst quarter pis ef the fiscal year 1837, have been $392,280 30, being $1,445,846 43 lees than tho corres- uarter, of the precedi ft receipte from lands ponding three quar the estimate from $5,000,000. pia misce)ianeous sources have been put at $965,510 67, as Per catimate advance in the estimate of receipts from customs, The ‘8 mad 'y \a warehouse, and under the expecta- abroad, at not be eqral to year; also, of the pressure in demand for our cotton and tobacco, wi of money in this country, increased by the tho European money market, and the the abuadance ent of the Toxas debt and the California war bonds: also the failure of the sugar crop of Louisiana, acting in favor of increased sugar importation, and at un advanced price The ability of tte people of the United Siates to purchase and pay, net only necessaries bot for superilutties, may be relied upon for the consumption of duty paying merchanc ise to an extont suifictent to meet tho estimated expencitures, and allow the continued redem; of the public debt as feet asthe holders of the shail be =e to accept the principal and interest with reason- ie jum. from Nos. 8 to 37, and from B No. 1 toB No, 9, ere a continvation of those which accompanied my last report op the fluances, with the addition, where ne orseary, of the ding iteme belonging to the fs cal year 1856, and are again submitted. Statement No. 11 gives, for the fecal year en ling 30th Jone, 1856, the domestic and ilme ex. ported at $526.9¢4,918, and our imports, for the same time, at $914,659,942, making the exports $12,526,006 in exoena of the imports, The continued increase of our po- Pulation, and of imports and exports, egricultural, manufacturing and mining wealth, and our facilities for internal and external commerce, as exhibited by the combined tabies me, again to tarift of 1846, and s reduction of the revenue from customs. It is assumed as @ fact beyont question, paid by the consumer ot the Imports, and thst js 7 consumer . it is undeniable that po tax thea be contr. nuedpot required for an ea allowing Present an pri books, &c., hae by a redundant and ovetiewan treasury, and that the fame cause bas to inorease our expenditur upon other objects, and upon some not cailed for, by the prevent or future exigency of the government, nor by the ce of the claims provided tor; whilst but few, if any, ye there is aay necessity for eontacing Ww \noronse venue, The tables of imports and exports, for the last ten yonre, exhibit a consiant and continued, sh mot on {ocrease, of our imports and our ex; and consequently, of our revenue from customs. hoald consider the same causes that have operated to produce tan ineaase Dee She wash. yeers, Wil. operate to continue it im future years, and place still larger sums io the ne- tional treasury. The productions of our planting aud provision States, a5 well as our mining and mao ring States, continue and will continue to increase, with the increased and increasing foreign and domestic demand; commerce being the exchange of productions of one country or nation, for the produc- tions of another, whether mado indirectly, by sale and purchase for money or dircctly by barter the conclusion is irresistible, that both our domestic aed foreign com merce have gen raliv been of equivalents and profi:abl toall and as they have increased so they will upaer the same circumetauces, coutinue to tacrease aad Jusiify ® modification of the tari anda reduction of the revenge from customs. 1n the modification I bave here- tofere suggested the propriety ot tocreasing our free list by aomitung the raw materia! used in our manufactures ‘to free evtry, auc thereby giving to the capital sad labor Of our peopie equal competition with the gapital and labor of hose countries which bave, tor the beretit of thor Mavulsctures, emitted the raw material without duty, apd bave recommended the same articles to be admitted free that are admitied tree by Great Britain, This would reduco the revenue between $7,060,000 and $9,000,000, I have also suggested that some articies of ral consumption, such as salt, should be added to tho free list, and the tariff on some other impor! ould be reduced some $7-, 60,000 or $8,000,000. This, upon tho imports of last year, would reduce the revenue to about $50,000,000 from'cuetoms, which, with the receipts from the public lands, ts deemed ail-suflicient for the necessary require. ments of the goverument; the average expenditares of the last five years, eget the public debs and tho $10,000,000 paid under the 'y with Meaico, haying but Iittle exceeded $48,000,000. If in future years there should be increased demands on the government, the re- Vepue trom customs may be expected to increase «0 aa to meet them, without the imposition of acditional du ties; but it no;, the propriety of taxativn will hon be for the consideration of the constituted authorities, Instead of a modification of the tariff aud the reduotion of tho revenue from customa many persone #uggeat that we sbould re pes! alftarifis, and establi b the same tree trade with foreign nations thet exists between the Slates of ihe Union, particuiarly those who deem the revenue Low raised from imports unjustly jevied and extrava- gautly and wamefully expended. They urge that tae only remedy applicable to exteting evils, is tue export- ment of free trade with foregu patiocs, and direct taxa- tion on our people. I have considered that forcign na tions ave not prepared for the same tree trade we enjoy with each other, and what we cannot rave reciprocal froe trade without their consvnt; aud that until they agree to admit our productions free, ud noi be expedient to admit theirs free, and aliow them to tax our labor when we do not tax theire in return, I have cousidered that free trade, if expedient, should be approached gradually, and pari passu with the advance to that ond by foreign nations, and that the modification and reduction of tne revenue, as proposed, would be a movement in the rignt direction, which might be followed when experience and the condition of our commerce with otber nations should justify tt, and bave contempiated the time when tno pro- ductions of each State, inexchange for the productions of the others, would constitute an sbundan: supply for moat of our wants, at choaper rates than other na tions could vflord them, and make @ resort to other of rauing revenue # quetion of ne but that for many years to come our ational tre: would be suppliet from a tariff on imports, apd in the modification and reduction, now called for, we should make it as equal and just as sible to Our own people, end take away disc: imi- pation now existiog against us, principally arising out of the legislation of other countries, in contravention of the industry of our peopie. ‘The question of the tariff, and the propriety and mode of reduction, haye been the subject of remark in my for- mer on the finances. Further reflection has served to confirm me in the views then taken, censity; ‘12th of August, 1866, calling for informal of Bae ent Suggesiions upoa points connected with the subject At the instance of the Committee of Ways and Means, the House, on the sth of August, 1866, passed resolutions trom A No.1 to A No. 16, inclusive, snd A No. 17 on the motion of s member, They ‘accompany this report, and cail for information and sug- a8 apecitied in the resolutions. Fags ‘and oe c'the United havens for 6, soger crops of the Un! %, 1840 and 1! aa given by the consus of those yours, ‘with an estimate of the crops of 1865, ia tabular form. Statementa Nos. 39,40 and 41, o! this report give the ioformation called for. ‘The second resolution calla {or a statement, of the num- ber of acres devowd to the various fash nan 1840 aod 1800, with an estimate of the same for 1866, adding there to euch columns aad figures as may be necessary to ox hibit the increase and decrease in the number of sores cultivated in the principal crops ia 1866, ana the ia creased and decreesed product per acre, with addtional columps, thowing the per of increase and do crease tb acres, product per acre, and pro duct of cach crop together with such « tor tho enlargement of the market at home and abroad, as the Secretary of the Treasury may deem expedient. Statements Nos 42 and 43 givo tho information called for im this resolution, as furpished Ee the census of No Spay vg Get aly ‘nat of 1840, apd none upon which to make an estimate jor 1856; end no data from whicb to furnish the other specified ils. The sugges- tions requested, for the enlargement ol the markeis, at bome acd abroad, will be found tn a subsequent part of ‘this report. The third resolution calls for information on the wool States. Statement No. 44 us exbibita therein contained, for 10 1850 and 1885; and statement No. 47 exhibits the ber of pounds of wool Inced and its value; the n ber of pounds of domestic wool exported and its valuo, and the home consumption; the number of pounds of ‘woo! imported and its value: the number of pounds of and Its seve oa oe ; io xported, hh the total aod the bome consumption, together wit number of poun: and i sumed, and the total value of mported wookn manufactures consumed, in the Caited States, for the years 1840, 1850, and 1955, The fourth resolution cnlis fora statemont and osti- mate of the capital employed in manufacturing woo! in 40, 1842, 1846, and 1856, designating the lis producing broadcloths at said dates, ‘such rogard to the revenue laws, as the retary may deem expedient for the permanent establishment of the wool interest the United States. Statement No. for 1958: census of that year does not give. There are no data in the department, from which the otber specified details can be furnished. Suggestions vpon the subject of this resolution, wili be ‘ound other part of this report. cotton growing interest, tions called for will be found im another ort. "The sixth resolution calia for information ‘Manvfactures of the Untied States, also t land tron and steel. Statemen' fectures of \row 67 recapitulating ti. the exhibite therein co sad statemen' 69 gives the prices of iro... for aseries of years, whico, | dition of t om and steel interest in the United States. The seventh resolution calls for intormation cles not produced in the United the eniargement of jhe free a list of articles imported duced in sufficient quant) if not all, other arti ‘mm duced or manufactured in tion alro cal's for information on the factures of leather, in the United States. 1860 does not furnish any inf tures of !eather. Statement No, 61 gives import of leather, and the manufactures thereof, 1840 to 50th Jone, 1856; and statement No. z A rp i rT 64 gives « recapitulation » 63, various exnibite therein contained, for 1846, 1360 and 1865, The resolution also calls for [nformation as to the maaulacture of glass, por- colain and stone ware in the United States, statements Noe. 67 and 68 give the sonval importation» of thoee arti from 1 and the to the Sth Jane, 186: allotment, per capia, ot the home conawmptora, lor 1% 1980 ard The cohen 1 Anea get ec “9 Manwlackires, fs also CALS ior alormativg oF we gre nla the | sod manufacture of hemp and flax in the United Stetes, Statements Nos. 69, 70, 71, 72 and 73 give the importa. ‘and the man tions of hemp and ufactures of hemp and |, from 1840 to of June, 1856, and the allotmont capia, of the bome consumption for 1840, 3850 au ‘The census of 1850 does not give these manufac- . It also calls for information as to the coal, load copper, interest of the United States. Statements Nos, 15, 76, 77, 78 and 79 give the importatious of the same of June, 1856, and the allotment, per of the bome consumption for 1840, 1850 aud 1865 census of 1850 does not give these manufactures. Te also calls for the growth and manufacture of silk in the Caited Sti information according to the census of 1840 and tha of 1850, and the importations of eilk and manufactures of #ilk, from 1840 to 20th June, 1866, and the allotment, per cosata, of the home consumption of foreiga eiik and ma pufectures of silk, for 1840, 1850, amd 1855. The census of 1850 does not give these manufactures. The eighth resolution calls for tntormation as to the sbiopieg. intercat CR A ye lg & statement je tonage employe 0 for lake, coasting and river trade, aud tho ratimay and carriage tonnage. Statements Nos 12 and }3 give the tonnage of th» Uulied States for each. ¥.ar, from bie vo 30th June, 1066, and exblbit the sail ard’ steam registerea toninago engag the foreign trade, and the enrolled and licensed sail aad steam tonnage engeged in toe coasting, lke and river trace, aud the States where the same is registered or en roi'ed, and to which it belongs, for the fecal year 1856 ; and the statement No. 82 gives the number of railroads, with the ‘ength of the road, capital ,lavested, carvings and profits, with ‘be number of persons and wns of freight carried #iibin the year ninth resolution calls for information as to the ag- gregate amount of federal State, city, court: canal ard other corporate delts held in Europe on the 30th of June 1°56, speciiy!vg tho same roparately, as far as the enme onn be ascortaized, Statement No. 3 gives an ortimate the oof from the best data, within the know- ledge of the department. bn tenth resolution calls for a statement of gold sad silver coined at the ted States mint aud branches, from 1798 to let July, 1566. This information is given in rtatement No. 8 of this report. it also calls tor a ment of the entire cost of coinage since the estabilahmont of the mint, including buildings, machinery, &o. (his teformaticn is given in siaterment No. 84 of’ this report, showing the coat of ground buildings, machinery and repairs, separately from that of colning.’ It also calls tor an estimate of (he amount of gold and silver now remain- ‘ng in tke Upiied States, This taformation is given in No. 86 of thts report. The eleventd resolution calis for a etatement of the ox- Port end imoort of gold and eliver from 379° tothe let July, 1856, with such suggestions to preveat and restrain the export thereof asthe secre'ary may deem relevant to the cated lisbment of # sound, stable and healthy bard. money currency, apd to retire the smal! denominations of Dapk Dilla astastas gold and silver can be obtained and substituted. this information, from 1820 to the Ist of July, 1856, 1s given in statement No, 10 of this report. No account of the export and import having been kept at the custom houee unti! 1820, the department has ao meaas of giving it prior to that year. he twelhh resolution calis for suggestions to the method of siimuial and tporeasing the export of agri cultural and ovher productions of the United States, with a view of ‘venting the export ot the precious metais, stocks and dn, by requiring and making it tue interest of forcign nations to take our surplus agricu'tural and other productions, instead of making it tueir loterest to take our gold aad silver, to purchase wheat, cotton, to bacco, &c., from other nations, Kemarks upon the sug- geatic ps called for in the eleventh and twel'th resolutions will be found in s subsequent of this re; ‘The thirteenth resolution ond undervaluations the 8Cth of August, 184: tho number of cases ap port fora of the frauds im customs, “te te acts passed ‘and 30th Joly, 1846, designating 1s and under- the amount of fraud: resent session. Cortain infor- enable the department to meke a reliable estimate, which will be found in state- ments Noe. 86 avd 87. ‘The nth resolution calls for a report of the advan. tages dieadvantages of apeciic nd ad valorem au- Us, ta-vererence to Interest of the country, and the frauds of, and under valuations incident the two classes or systems of duties ; and the sixteenth calls for ‘avd disadvantages of the m, ta tho collection of customs, as adopted and practised by tbe British govermment, with reference to ita Incorporation into the revenue laws of the United States. Remarks upon the ped of the fifteenth and sixteoath lutions, will bo found in the after pert of this ‘The seventeenth resolution passed by the House of Re- Ppreventatives at the rame time, ealle for a report, under tpecific of the amount of tations and ox paride id kind fevered ey tae ‘ment anavally, since the 30th ot June, 1826, in constrac on, houses: permanently and warily in the revenue service, and the amonnt of all other expenditures incurred in, or the or duties Tae'ntoraaton cued resulting frcm the collection of on imports, the above date. practical purpoee. ‘The statistics upon the uction and {1 ot ‘wool, and manufactures of wool, have been with care, in erder to place the questions connected with the production and im, of wool and manufactures of ‘wool, involved in ti to admit woo! asa raw material free of dui iy fairly before » Tt will be seem that in hoor we nufactured woollen goods to the value of ,696,990; and that in addition we imported manufac- turos of wool to the veiuo of $4 602,756; making our con- sviption of the mavutactures of wool $29,349,784, and the consumption of $1 71 04-100 for each porson then 10 the United Staten. The census of 1610 doos no give tho umber of factories d+ voted w, nor the capital employed im, the manafactare of woo!. The coosus of 1560 shows there were 1,669 factories in the United States, with 28,118 €50 of capital devoted to the manufacture of wool, with the pariicular States in which the factories were ed: also that the maniifactures of woo! amounted 1860, it gives our manviactures of wool mt $56,408,786, for the year 1866; and we (ind the value of our ‘im of manufactures of wool 1 making our consum the consumption for the year 1865 04. Hi EF ailte H Hy il 2 4 ? H 5 3 8! z ll 2 3 25 is more than we me r rt $1,040,407 ‘wool for mm ,t o our manu! aye of 30 por cent upon it; and we im; the manufaciures of wool, on which if E 2 Fs p $32 : E oa5 fia in some of the States, and ii ie months in all, and the finer fabrics are used inall. Itis ‘an article (or clothing acd other uses, that our climate and our habits do cot permit us to dispense with, and which our le can and wiil manufacture ror theinselves, if our iar! laws are arranged #0 as not to discriminate agains, them, and in favor of other manufacturing na- tone. When we first imposed « tax on foreigu wool, Great Pritam and other ),apufactoring nations taxed it also, and pl Dk My dneep yg ~ EA the manufsctures of woo! s higher tax w facturing nations repealed their tax to their oy eye the duty on Wool wae impored to promote the United Staten, eas exported to enhances the price i! hae fw sone hisct for whieh It wee pr iauon ap! oonmimy * 4 . j ded although the prices bave been fair, thoy have not been such es to make wool growing as prodiable a pursuit as Many others in the country, Im the trial of ten years under the tariif of 1846, there is no greater proauction of wool. in proportion to the lation, than there was prortothat time. It is said we do pot produce the in- ferior priced wools, ‘twenty cents per pound. or leas; nor the higher priced wools, costing Gfty cents or more te the pound, and that itis the lower and higher priced worls, that bpm 9 jor our manufactures, and that the duty bas no effect, and does not enhance the price of the woe! that we produce In 00: sequence of which, we are undersoi¢ ia our own markets, to both the finer and coarser febrics, and that the repeal of the tari! on !ow and the bigber priced wools w ould not ulleot the price of Ube wool we produce, and would enable our mapufactu- rere to use more of our woo), by judicious mixture with foreign woo), and give them « fairer competition tor the bome market, and induce the manufacture of the fiaer fabrice in thie country. There would be difficulty in the execution of such e tari becsuse it would be the interest of the importer to = the foreiga value of his wool above the fifty or below the twenty cents to obtain free eutry, Jt w believed these causes would rendor the tax uncer- tain apd uppopviar, ard mave free trade in woo! more de- sirable ard more beneficial to the wool grower as well as the menvisctorer. In Great Britaim the tax on tne fo- reign wool, when it was ax much as sixpence a pound, did not pbance the price to the English wool grower, at. thovgh tt bad been imposed and continues, as well to courage the growth of #ool at home as for revenue English prices current and statistics show that the price of ool ranged bighsr the very first ycar after the duty war rcpealed than it bad for years before, and has continued to range highor ever sitcs. It ts contidentiy believed euch would be the case in this country, if tae duty on the tmportation of wool was repealed, thereby giving our manulactarers woo! on the same terms the foreign manufacturers obtain theirs, viz : by purchase ia the open markets of tue world, aud that they would be encouraged to increase and extend their bariness, in order to enjoy the benefit of the home market for their goods, the consequence of which wouid be a constant and greater home cemand, at higher and botter prices. The ratio at which our population ta increasing will Tender necesnury a conituued increase in the maaufac- vores of woo! required for consumption. The tmportan of a nome wopply of this usefal nnd indispensadie artic of clo bing calls for the most careful investigation of t! effects of our laws, and a prompt remody by thelr repeal wherever they shat! ve found prejudicial to a constaat sna chenp supply from: the capital and labor of our own le Tn 1790, but Iittle manufacturing was done in the coun- try, a8 ® Cistinct business, Nearly ail that was dore was in private famiiies, for domestic use. Now, manufac turing is ® separate parses, and immense capital ts em. ployed in its various branches. In 1840, the value of our TuaDusxctures was returned in the census of that yoar, at $483,278,9 end im 1860, they were returned ia the census of year, at $1.055,595,899. Tho ratio of in- creare makes our manvfactures for 1855 $1 391 031,295. ib this result, we recognise toe tact that we have become a great manufacturing people, and the tebies accompan, ing this report prove, we ere Hkewte @ great ag! cuitural and commercial people. An impuise, in asc dance with the national sentiment, was given to man facturing, by the {mpoeition ef duties on importa in our first revente laws, and the impulse was increswed from time to time, by the tmporition of additional duties. At first wo manufactured the coarser and more bi articles required by our population; gra- dnaily we have extended our operations, to a great va- riety of articlee, and to some reqoirmg much skill im the execution, and now our manufacturers are in possession of the home market, in a grest variety of articles. Ba een (pe phe —— for ex- portation; now it is the crop of our planting and thoy furnish it as Petes bed to the Goes ring States, as well as to foreign nations, and now wo manufacture the coarser cotton goods for the consumption of ovr entire population, and export near $7,000,000 an- tries. Our manufacture of cotton 3, In 1860 $51,869,184, and the same ratio of increase in 1866 would give $70,994,712. The history ofthe rieo and progress of our manufac- tures, as given in the tables of this report, together ‘that of the growth of cotton and other productions, ts bug. gave of all that is required to extend our cotton manu- res to that of the finer fabrics, and to the enlarge- ment of the homo and fc market for our cotton aed Prise of our people. Tron end steal being articles a8 States and Torritories, and m the proascutioe of ell industria! pursuits, the annual consumption and tho appval home production and import become a matter of eolicitude with meny and of interest to all. It appears = the cenavs of 1840 that we from and steel that year to or 7 and that we imported fron and steel, and the manulac- tures of tron and steel, to the amount of $7,088, € ed jrom and etec!, and the mancfaciures nd steel, to the amount of $1,104,466, ‘. sumpticn 636,699,446; and from ‘We prodtced and manufactured iron and steel that year to the emovrt of $60,485,663, and that we tm irom and steel, and the mancfactures of iron steel, to the amount of $17,024,459, aid exported iron and sicel, and the manvfeotures of tron and steel, to the amount of $1 911,520; leaving for the copsumptton 1850, gives the production and tteel, for 1886, at $78,406,538. for the amount of the imports manufactures of tron end steel, for the year 1855, the export of thore articles, and steel, and the manufactures emount of $98 698 340. ‘or the consumption of the ‘The ertimate of $78,406 538, Zs the proanction ana manvfacture in 1855, and by the im- Port and export and amount loft for consumption of Wat year, piace the eubjoot fairly before ue in connection with our past and future supplies and fuluro wants, The tabie of prices at Boston, New York, Philadoiphia and Baltimore, for the last seventeen years, furnishes the finetestions in the prices of bar \ron and a oriterion for the yaiue of the other deseriptions, and prover that this indispensable article, itke all others, obeys the laws of ¢emand and supply in affecting the profits of the pro- dvcer end manofacturer, Cate Livni or unfayor- abiy upon the smount prepared genera) use. Wo have im the United States more trou ore ant more coal, with tbe urua! fluxes, tn convenient cmnection and acoeas, than al the Ci of world, and have the necessary caplial, wad labor to Ji the ron and steel, and manufactures of ircn and steel, required for our conan mption, or that may be required for our eo for centaries to come, and also to epabi we to supply the markets of other countries ip fair competition With the tron and stool of otber nations. These tables show tbat ovr prod vcton of iron and steel, and manviac tures of !ron and steel, waa greater in proportion to popu. Jation im 1800 than it was im 1840, and that it was groster WwPLS66 than ft wae in 1860, givirg us the right to assume that, Influenced by the game cacres, it will be greater in 1860 thaw it now fs, and in time will bo erffotent for oar ‘and then give us a surplus for export. population and Fi ‘at prevent rates, it ie revenue will continue to be derived aud com/ort of our own people; and of these the defence of the coun! 4 7 a incresee. The tmbies prove the production and tue of these articles bave increased with our , and that we fi io to population, = we = Ay 0 aie our en doced in the United a ‘They aro not ail raw material ‘The making such of them however, that there articies are manvfactored tn the country —piae and stone Pare toa vory consideradh gE TaMdlY extended 8 yb may be expected to be among the last (hat will fully eae ply the home demand, Stuiemeut Now 6% ant 70 1a gtviog the growth and mauulacture of hemp aud flax in'tae ‘ited States, and the importationa of homp and flax and manufactures of hemp and flax, show the home de~ home Fupply end tho foreign supoly home supply is nol ade- of the counsry. wo Sutomenes Nos. 71, 72 and 73 give the importation ‘of these articles quate for 184 and 1850, with an estimate for 1865. ha census of 1860, does not give the home production of coal, lead and copper, and the department is without the Deans of gt the residve of the information called ivr, yet 't is known thet the country contains coal, load and copper, more than adequate to supply all tho wants of the country, and that the home supply f# on the jacrease. Statements Nos. 80 and 81 give growth and manulac- tare of silk in the United States. The departmoot has not tbe means of giving gaged in the manufacture of silk, nor the character of the articles manufactured: yet it is Known there are nume- rous establishments engaged in the manufacture of «ik, on moderate scalo, and tut sewing silk, ribbons and've- rious articles are manvfactured. statement also ex- hibits tho importations of silk, aud the manufactures of silk for the lat seventeen years. The oxtended and im- aed consumption of the manufactures of = indnses: and incressing impurtations, whilst growth ot silk, when comparea with the population, is om the decline, and the bome man’ re on the tn- crease. The tax on forelga manufactures of silk from the general and extended use thereof, is considered pedient, and as just and equal, as can be imposed on any importations, and p*oullarly proper, taken in connection with cur commerce with the countries, from which we obsain our prizeipal supplies. Tho admission of raw free of duty, would injure no kome interest, and jp time, so increase our manufacture of the article, as reduce foreign importations, The manufacture of glass, porcelain, e\oneware, tue mining of ‘coal and productions of lead and copper, and the manutec ure of silk, may be expected to be increased and extended, 89 2 to take pos- session of the home market in leas time than it hem tokea the producti and manufacture of cotton, to gam their present prospercus possession of the home market. It will be seen by reference to statement No. 1%, ox- bibiting the United States tonnage, engaged ia the foreign and coasting trade, from 1789 to the 80th of June, 1856. that the tonnage on the 30th of Juno. 1956, is 340,340, Jess than shown by the statement for the 30:h of Juce, 1855. This bas arisen in part from @ stricter examination of the returns of former years, and a correction, by striking out vessels formerly soid without the Uaited States, or lost by marine and other casunitics. This statement exhibits the eail and steam tounoge; separately, and shows there bas been a regular progressive With ovr ‘ucreasing popuiation and commerce, retarced at times by the accidents of war, tho casusitice of trace snd commercial difficulties, It aleo exhibite we regintered tonpage, which is alone @uthorized to engase 1 the foreign trade, separately, from the earolied aaa i cenredt tovnage, which ts only suthorized to engage ia our coasting trate, with partial exceptions, on the mori. cer, and of vessels in the Coasting trade, author! ma h at Cubs; aad statement No. 13 exhibite ive States and ports in which the sail aad steam tonnage wo regivtered, or enrolled aad licensed, and comsequevuy where it is owned. The we of ttesm tensage in the commerve between the Uniied Siates and other Amorican as- tiers, atd Great [ritain, France, and other com- mereial vations, may, and it is thought by some wilt, ccpsiderably, reduce the se!! tonnage veed in commer, avd that cheaper capital in Great Sritain will give to ibs nation an advantage over the United States in steam toa. Dege, ard the carrying trade Of our own and ether coun. tries, aod they auiribate the reduction of our . that cause. is may de 80, to some extent, but po cca~ Unved reduotion of our commercial tonnage is appreheu.t- ed; ror is !t apprehended there ts apy just reason to sup- pese our ceterprising shipbuilders sad wit surrender the navigation of the seas to Great Britala, ead place that patton in pesscasion of tae carrying business the world: yet the subject is one of {uterest, and: ‘When our navigation laws wore first enacted ta 1780, the registered tonnage of the United States was secured against the protecting vavigation taws of otber nations, by countervail Provisions wi ‘as to countervail the prohibitory enactments, of the com- mercial nations, with which we had intercourse. commercial restrictions bave a to the roore liberal principles of tree trade, in of treight and paesengors, until in that business, we have free trade with a’most all tbe nations of the earth, oniy warred, by the charge of light wo where wo charge nene. The removal of our ccmmerc's! intercourse with other carrying borirers, bas net been commercial’ mariae §=The burcem of light which our tennege, Ip the ports of Great Britain commercia! nations, is mnbject, pmutvat reemect. or countervsiling i h tt }, and the tornege duty, now charged the ports of France and some j j SH facts that capital constantly tends: the growth of our enrolled snd licensed tonnage ice Se oer tere Population and wealth. To ox- bit, in cOMMection with tho i ta oar cenating trade, tho parsengers and oo railroads, ‘be department has re ry statement No. 83, accompany ing this of of tho ratlroade in the reveral States and showing the capital invested, the each of thom, the annual pw ee Ee ot car ried and other tn ‘g statintios of ssid The amount of coasting tonnage, and the annual pumber ef $ tous of freight transported on our raiireads, with an mate of that carried by other modes ot transter, exhidrs the magnitude of the moans required for our internat A reforence to the tab o of proc uction, taken from the census of 1840, wil! show that our agricoltural and maav- factoring proivotion in that year amonnted to $1. 599; anc & reference to the like table of production, from tbe census of 1860, wil show the perry | prodretion, for that year, to hare $2,012,520,539, and the ratio of increase. A like imerrage, for the five suootoding yoars, gives $2, #24 as the value for the year 1865 St consumed a! the places if ine esafPeel binds os together ae one nation and one ie DO tax or tari upon the of which our internal i i a cealer The effect of the reciprocal ment No. 20. of our American provinces, treaty, which went into effect im 2864. Boiss sort, and importa frees 7,404,087, and our whilat, in 1866, the e: Amort/ Hn asf 2 i F i partiolly administered, on sod law abiding tate ond individual exceptions. the bistory of the past is va? Under State and tree trade with each other, supplying the wants dusty, imports.