The New York Herald Newspaper, November 23, 1856, Page 3

NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 1856. toe of Ni of by the Fa i Reger ei sete, Nae tp tha, his Neapolitan Majesty is oatlec i@ monster, whois dishonor to . very Higat to. leowsre bis ‘reres upow the BEeriety, oF Kreping within the imits of’ fair and impar- {from the London Post, Nov. 5.] * * * * ” . The Em Nicholas, who is gone, was a vio- tent, , obstinate man, of a wiltulness aimost ine le—a wilfuiness which a quarter of @ of obsequious flatteries and servile man om the part of various foreign Courts had fe a bundred fold. But, though the character of the suqessor of Nicnolas is milder and much more plasti: and , yet the difference of dis- ‘positions between father aud son has caused, and ‘will cause, to change of policy, nor interfere in any ~ay with the operations of the Russian State family of Romanoff is, in trath, compennied, Do tledi sey tags There is the ancient Tar- Sclavonic nature, a8 a stock in which a large of anisi mild, affable, u stantine was brutal, ferocious, suspicious, and cun- ning; whilst Nicholas, the youngest, was an amal- gam of both brothers— sometimes mild and gentle- manlike—sovetimes overbearing, occasionally oven candid, but more frequently mistrusttul and per- jious. These differences of character continue in he a9 they existed in the children of . The present Emperor Alexander pee dargely of the German nature He is oily tongued, passive, and placid, whilat his brother Constantine is over active, brusque, and somewhat bratal, like his uncle of the same name. But no matter what the disposition of a Russian Prince by nature; when he comes toreign and govern ho pursues the whole [stg pelicy, it not from conviction, at least from fear. Nor does this hold of imperial princes ly. The Minister of Foreign Afairs is almost uniformly cbiiged to follow iv the wake of the old Muscovite party—a party bellicose and ag ive in ite traditions—or he would be summarily dis- laced. Hence it is that the Emperor and the ‘inister have in res:rve in the diplomacy, not for show, but for actual practical and mis- ~hievous use, men suited to all circumstances, ome to thresten and command, some to flatter and cajole, some to play the casuist and hair splitter, om so te Ronee ick and thin, to enlarge a little on the description of Sir Henry Wootton for the benefit of their country. It little imports in what country these ments were born, or what creed they profess. 80 as they be obedient, unscrupulous serviceable. Among-the secret ‘ts of Russia are found men Inore utterly enprincipled and Sea ae Gat iseaying a great deal—than any en, Such men play second to what jes in large capitals, or are ‘Tarkish ces into Greece, Mol- Gavia, Wallachia, Hungary, Bohemia, Italy, Portu- , or Spain—to first parts. Among secret faveian agents rah found men of all classes callings, and nations. soldiers, s sailors, bankrupt traders, fraudulent gamesters, pries religious element is to be worked on in any fc try, Russia brings to bear all the liances and hinery of the Greek Uburch. If the Pauslavic it is to be excitei or roused, she enliste the national feelisg of every slave from the North of Biberia to tke shores of the Adriutic, from Astra- kan to Dalmatia and the waters of the lagune that he Venice’ Such is the mobile, mischievous, Ma- elian policy ever in reserve. Let there be, next week, ay umbrage or momentary Jenico between England and France, and again we shall find Fanariots moving through Thessaly and Alba- se te is etna ae i 8, Montenegrins an rvi- ans, and insi exciting B hewians and Wends. It is, however, in the Principalities of Moldavia Wallachis that the greatest efforts would then made. Other Repnius would be found to follow ih interests spd the footsteps of the Repnin of 1739, id iar Ghikas seas sie lend Ore to et y independence of cheir country. Greeks CA Papaz-Ogloo and Germano, would, Rossian Saeais oot for ange Sept a as ia former days, an old- et schemes of ‘ion and gression of Peter and Jatherine wi be revived with new scenery, ms- chinery, dresses and cecorations. ‘The youngest of us who write or think of politics, foreign or domestic, must remember the intrigues of the jan its, Daschkoff and Koizbue, in Mol- davia,in 1847. Kotzbue, indeed, improved on the example of hit clever father (murdered by the as- sassin Send forbis Rus-ian in‘sigues in Germany,) for he, though Serman in origin if not by education, vith a refinema@t of Russian Machiavelism, simulta- reously excited the Hospodar to oppression, and the Moldavian to revolt, reaping for Russia the reward of his double treachery to the people and prince to whom he was accredited. bwe bh that the treaty of Paris of ‘the 30th March, 1556, would have removed Wal- lachia and Moldavia out of the disastrous of Russia peel the oe ee the Muscovite signifies the euijection ot every —— watter ebsorption); but if there auy saisunderstandng between pe noe and France, ich she ma; in a ayity St aay iam, the Priddpalities there Rouman tion which desies no other or better fate than to link its destinies with England and France. With Servians, Bulgriaos Illyrians, Raasians bave some affinities, put with Koumans none. When, how- Fi ever, Roumans vflect that Russia has for » century a Wolnaoena —- and Jrance than sword or diplomacy, ma, well to oink that the errors und follies ot ‘Tree and civilise( nations are more disastrous than —~Teeanael &@ cabinet just escaped trom oarbar- whic D winch, at all she is sure to profit. Europeen Naval Powers and the Car, Trade—Mr., Marcy's Maritime Ves- events, {from tho London Post, Nov. 4.) It certainly cannot excite surprise that, notwith- tanding the recurrence of peace, the merchants of great commercial town like Liverpool shou d con- inue to direct their attention to those rules of inter- satioval law which reulate private ry during state of warfare. We admit that it is difficult to in theory any sufficient reason for the dis “ne which has 80 ae ere. protecting pri- ate ty upon Jand confiscating the same coctiption of property when captured upon water. “here was a time when every vable amount f violence was lawful und by progress of civi- zation wnd bamanity, statesmen and generals ee Bi nd ae ae Let ge A propert: ay was a ii wanton act cf Visleace and oppression, ry with @ view to the results of a cam- omm' viled, ax ‘ation of i trine, ‘free ships, arule which has long been to the conuitions which and effectual. The | oods, it Perrin Hi national existence of the United States. Under these circomstances, Mr. Pierce and Mr. Maroy, wishing to reconcile that policy and the new rules of European maritime war with interests which are exclusively American, proposed, as an adjunct to the Declaration of the Parle Congress, ® condition which mutt be impossible so long as war remains po a arbitrament of nations. They say, we are willing to give op seiratearng,-lovainabie sash is to our country, provided “ the 2 Bree property of the subjects or citizens of a it on the high seas shall be exempted from seizure by publis armed vessels of the other belligerent, except it be contreband.” A wiser man than either Mr. Pierce or Mr. Marcy has emphatically declared that a com- mercial and a maritime war cannot exist to- gether. We allude to the opinion of Lord Stowell, whose decisions are as much respected in America as they are in this country. The policy of the American ernment is making this supple- mentary offer is too feecaparent to delude any one but Mr. Heath and those other Liverpool merchants whose intimate relations with parties across the Atlantic appear to have given an unpa- triotic bent to their sympathies and opinions. In case of a war between England any other European Power, under this new rule the Ameri- cans would bope to enjoy almost a monopoly of the carrying trade of the world. But hardly so for the exception of articles contraband of ‘war would leave untouched the right of search, and every vessel would still have to be overhawled—an operation against which the Americans have alway rotested. Mr. Pierce, in his Message, delivered in 854, states that— ‘The proposal to surrender the right to empioy priva- teers te proieseediy founded upon the piluciple that the private property of pon combatacts, though eremics, sboold be exempt from ths ravages of war; but the pro Posed surrender goes but jittie way in carrying out ‘bat principle, which equally requires that such pri vaie property’ should not be seized or molested by national ebips of war. Should the leading powers of Kurope concur in proposing, a8 a rule of international law to exempt private property upon the ocean from seizure by public armed cruisers as well as by priva- teers, the United States will roadily moet thcm upon that bread ground. The obvious answer to this is, that private pro- perty, consisting even of the most innocent articles tends to supply the belligerent State with the means of protracting hostilities. According to the admit- ted rules of international law, corn, cheese and arti- cles of food going toa naval or military port or arseval, are contraband of war. So articles which, in an unmanufactured state, are r= paca innocent, but which are capable of bei ing applied to warlike purposes, are contraband war. Other articles of ordinary commerce—-the great staples of trade—represent money, and money constitutes the sinews and resources of a bellige- rent. England, with her undoubted naval superior- ity, is the last country. in the world to be apprehen- sive of a permanent injury to her commerce from American privateers, or any other Pog aa Should she be inclined stnetly to enforce first provision of the Declaration, the comity of nations, we ase inclined to think, would not be stretched so far as to screen privateers from the disagreeable consequences which Mr. Polk not darkly shadowed forth at the time when Mexico threatened to sugple- ment its disparity of naval force by the same o! tiovable —. But if the bcos Ph psa pon adopted, the only consequence wor , that eac! country engaged in war would, ag its ne- cessities dictated, contract or eqpand its catalogue of contraband. The right of search would enforced, commerce would be impeded, and no merchant would know whether his con would be allowed to pass free or be confiseated. ‘e do not believe that it would matter much if the entire Declaration of the 16th of April were con- demned by the Chamber of Commerce at Liverpool. When the subject was discussed in Parliament, it is curious to observe that objection was taken to those relaxations which were made in favor of neutral commerce, but that not a word was said against the abolition of the practice of privateering. People ia the United States, amidst their present struggles and disorganization, will no doubt receive gratetully the compliment which Mr. Heath seeks to pay them, by endorsing @ policy which, disguised inthe name ot humanity@is exclusively American in its object, and which, if capable of adoption, would subject commerce to new oppression and new vexation. The Emperor Napoleon and his Difficultics, [Lurrespondence of tbe London Nimes } Pants, Thursday, Nov. 6.--6 P. M. For some ove past 1umors were current of an ap- proachipg modification of the French Cubinet, and the return «f M. Billauit to Paris was raid to be awaited for that purpose. The discontent existing in the faubourgs, the destitution among the working classes——not so much from want of employment as from the high price of all the necessaries of life — the diesati-faction among the manufacturing people, the financial or monetary crisis, the frequent dis- covery of seditious placards, and the aspect of affairs generally at home and abroad were all sufficiently legititnate motives of alarm. The reports of the Prefect of Police, contidentially end directly addressed to the Emperor showed that the condition of the be was any- thing but satisfactory, and that their murmure were not unfounded. Mf! Billault returned to Paris on Monday evening. and immediately resumed his functions. A cabinet council met yesterday at Compiegne, and -the various questions were brought before it, in the presence of the Emperor, and fully . One member ot cout spoke at considerable length, and he proved that the sufferings und consequent discontent of the Purisian nes were to a great extent owing to the nancial measures of the government, and that the ciscontent of the manafacturers was attributable to their fear of radical changes in the tariff. The courcil sat tor some time, and questions of foreign interest were also discussed; but whether eny or what solution of the present difficulty was to come to I do not kuow, but the rumors of partial changes in the ministry continue to circulate, and will de so, probably, for some days to come. ‘The Persian Army at Herat. The following extracts are taken from a letter which appears in the Moniteur de |’ Armée, of France, of the 5th inst., written, it is stated, by an Eui officer serving in the Persian army before u The Persian army conrists of 26,000 infantry, of a boty of cavairy sbich ucoupies the whole of the surrounding country, and of » regular siege train, the whole under the ormmapd of © General-in-Chiet named Tziz Khan. bret gy tn ae directed by « Freneh officer of merit, meriy a student at the Polytechnic The ‘batieries sre commended by Captam = Pervian officer of copsiderab) Disieging army but an old baationed wall, 1m 1838, wlich Oovid pot resist e reguiar atiack led An Ev g'@b « Mioer, late of the company’s directs the rf operations within the town. but Khan's erty is in & complete state of demoralization, and every Cay DUMesous Gesertions go to swell the Persian racks. ‘The Court of Teheran bas in this war undertaken a holy crurade, which does not seem to be genersity understood wn Furope Ieiamtem is divided into two great srote— ‘who recognize the Call Aboubekir, man, as tbe ruccessors of Manomet, dominant rect in Turkey and Egypt; and Sbiiter, who admit Al) alone ae the trae successor the Prophet. These lest the Shah of foe Governor of Herat, isea Kban, « cruel and bigoted Pri who ina greet pe’ tiean of Dost Mabomed of |, and an lovete- Fate opponent of the Versians. despite the wise counsals be received from Constantipople, has declared himeelf the furious «m my of the Shiites, whom ho eatis echisma. tio, and * hose masracre he brought about vy excitiog the fanaticiam of bis co religionists. The wretched Shiites cried to the Sow reign of Persia for beip, and ii was ander the pressare of public opinion in his own country that this Prince responded to the appeal by wndertasing the sexe of Herat. Political reasons bave had only a secon. dary position in the decision arrived at. The Persians Taw in, under the the have establighed a foundry at manage. teat of a Feropean ofhcer. Thie’ ertablichacat has forpished them Wib several siege places of large calibre, and mor‘ars after the fashion of those veed by the allies at Sebastopol. If the Rart India Company interfere there ja no saving Where all this will end The Earthquake tn 5 The following are some further particulars of this event, as given in # letter to Mesers. Peacock Bro- thers, of Sunderland, England:— Auaxampars, Oot 17, 1866, On Sunday morning last we had an earthquake bere, which wee ) Ay og! dy 4 fong. made of from the walle the walls alt the tim ng ee struck me on ¢ ‘of escape the TH *Gji i 3 A 4 it reg i u i h i i ‘and cracking in all directions. The noire was awfui—iike @ very heavy gale of wind curing the whole and the floor was beaving Like @ ship's deck at seu bea the door was opened into the stairs, the poor servant called ox, Mats madame mous sommes en chemuse; however, witer bailing the foike above stairs, and getting an an- swer, we all dartea d the stairs, which wero | rocking like vengeance. When | street we found our ueigbbors out before us all ia white, making very curious ¢ilorts to get on their dressing gowns. It took them some time belore that could be araged. The scene wus very ridiculous, but not a sin- gle individual felt tocline? to nugh just thea, for it was louch and go. Had the ehock coviinued a little while longer, a)l Alexandria would have been in ruins, for the , instead of belog simply undulating like the first end vecond, was ® rep wiar jerk upwards, which ts the most destructive. Properly speaking shore was but one thock, but there were three {ntervair, that is to say, tho shaking became pradually stronger end stronge int, then died away, and thea became and died away to a faint hake, aud then came ing which finished off the business: it lasted upwards of two nunutes, When I finished m, tin the etreets [ found out that [ was miaus both stock- gand boots, As socn as the shock ceased 1 went avd cot By boow, &e., puithem on, end my burnous, with aetock- of cigars, prepared for any eventuality, All the people #0 toto the open pinces clear of the houses, such as the w ddle of the squares, &c , and a curious lot of costumes there were; low of peopie Were very sick, and complete- ly done up. As soon as { got clear of the houses { lighted up end swoked away till daylight, when I bad some grub ani wevt to bed, but the slightest thing made me start up out of my sleep; thy nerves bad beep thrown off toeir balance, avd even after { wan asleep avy thing hitting the wail aroused me vpfor a moment. [i was most fortunate hat the weathor wns worm aud pleasant, otherwits loads of peoplo would hsve taken their deaths with colds I am not a bit worse for biing in the streets in bare fect end vight ehirt, The thermometer end barome- ter were not cb ‘Qi all by the earthquake. A lot of the old bovuses in the Aran quarter were shaken down, bot pove in the Buropenn, though ali show marks, Many of them have crack from top to bottom, ours among the rest’ The architects and builders say the crecks are of no consequence unless they are acroee, then the builcings become dangerous. I never dreamed of bricks, stones, und mortar having such an amount of elasticity; they held out wondertuily; but they say that the Immense quantity of wood ured bere inthe walls was what saved thom from going squash. At Cairo 160 boures and one or two morquas have goue down; at De miaita the shock was aot feitatall, but we have news to-day that it was felt at Corfu; tn Syria there was none. just Wherever it came from, some dreadful disaster have occurred, for it was most violent here; and wi ‘There is great tion, but most people I believe it lasted wake it at leas} two minutes, longer. ‘The Late Run of the Persta to Liverpool. {From the Liverpool iimes, Nov. 8.] The British and North American Royal Mail steamship Persia, Capt. C. H.E. Judkins, arrived in the Mersey at a quarter past seven o'clock last night from New York, after a very rapid passage of nine Gays and seven hours, mean time, having left that port on the morning ‘of the 29th alt. In order that our readers ae form an idea of the 9 of the Persia, we publish the follo digest of her log:— Oct. 29.—Fresh breezes apa clear—7:10 A. M., net on fali npoed, N. W. ‘30.—Strong breczes and cloudy, lat. 41 16, lon. €6 33, N. W., 366 miles, a rong breezes and cloudy, lat. 43 38, lon. 69 67, 8. W., 524 miler. Nov. 1.—Calia and cloudy, Ist. 46 3, lon. 53 4, N. W., 803 miles, 2.—Freeh breezes and cloudy, lat. 48 48, lon. 46 40, 8. W., 329 miles. 3.—Fresh breezes and cloudy, lst, 6042, lon. 33 13, W., 350 miles. 4—Fresh breezes and clear, lat. 6118, lon. 29 3, W., 342 miles. 5.—Strong gales with heavy rain, lat. 51 27, lon. 20 33, 8. W., 320 miles. 6,—Strong gales, with heavy rain, 10:7 A. M., abreast of Cape Clear, lat. 50 61, lon. 12 18, 8. 8. E , 284 mies. 7 ight breezes and fine—srrived at Liverpool at T10P. M., ES. E. Markets, Loxpon Mossy Market, Friday Evening, Nov 7— Notwithstanding the heavy e gegements of the 4th of the month, and which are known jo bave been unusually Jarge, the money market has assumed a decidedly easier tone. No alteration, however, bas taken place in the rates of discount either at the Bank of Engiand or in Lome; ireet. Indeed the great activi of the trade of the country and the bigh prices of all articles of raw Yuaterial reem to forbid the expectation of any rapid re- turn te & Condition of ease, even apert from the peculiar {pfuences in operation on the Coatinent, Although the dram ef gold to the Contineut has considerabiy dimt- Lisbed, there is svivently @ wide spread opinion that the movetary disturbance im France is not yet at au end, and that the specalative excesses, which have committed ber to such large monetary engage- mente wiih foreign couvtrice, will yot tell upom her re- sources. Apert from the exhaurting expenditure con- nected with the late war, it must not be overlooked teat the rirources of (be pation bave been diminished through the partial failare of the grain, sik and wine crops, end that dve and « haif millions sterling of the last joan remain to be pata upat the rete of @ million and « bait monthly, inclucing the tnatalment islimg duo this month. The arrivels of specie have been considera! apd the exports moderate. Tho James Baines, now sca 01 days, from Melbourne, with £700,060 im gold, apxiwurly joked for. Toe return trom the Bank of Engiand for the week end. ing tbe Ist of November gives the following results, waen comp:red wiih the previous week :— +++ £512,370 « 181,987 12,431 Notes vpempioy x Decresse ¥ ‘The smount of notes in circulation ts £20,486.406, being 8 decrease of £56 480, ap) the stock of puilion in btu de- pari ments is £9,596 327, showing a decrease of £41,269 ‘when compared with the preceding return. Jhere bag been @ very uvstesdy builion market this week, prices baying been very nigh previous to the sail- ing of the China mail, and, sin > te _ tare, the de mand bas ceased, ana large parcels remaia unsold. Bar Foreign goid ic bare, Silver in vars, (+ Gold ooin, Port Nepoleons, per ‘Ten guiicer pirces, per oz, pin Fe RL 3. Am, dollars, per 02.0 . aol 0%, ry Briieh funds as wil bo sfeeee k, ‘het, the engegementa of she ith baving been Ht Lywest price Daving bern nearly 3 the last and ide me'. The range 0! copsols durin; fy month very exw pefve—ibe difference day of the pame as on the beginning Yesterday was seulis; morket generally ‘greswaned a weak tain appearance After breaking up Court, without any changes being announced, fet Sis ziit if war generally paid for the cuvyhe. fiovs to the mext account Le Med market steady. Console tor money closed at 0234 to 02%, and the account, af 45 'y p ‘The following tabie vill show the fluctuations in con- fo since the 16th uit — but tbe daily operations bate boss cama aut ofan anim: portant character THE LATE MARQUEZ DE PARANA, MINISTER PRESI- DENT. [Trans'ated from the Correio Mercantil of Rio Janeiro, ifcay nothing of the birth, fumily and We shall say nothing of the bir’ an te a iv spe! ian Uinteemman, aid oe coch be. appeared for the first time in the year 1430. Magistrate ia St. Sebaatiao, the young € iro Lemo was one of the numerous recruits by whom, in the elections of 1828, the libe- ral phalanx Chamber of Deputies, At that time the elections took every third yeer of the Legislature. The newly elecied members took their seats only a year and a half after having been elected by the votes of their we that perlod the A government, unexperienced, bad tnt ul connwenee | and society; in country, likewise without p:litical experience, 2 } ed to the fascinations of an ardent li 1; the elections hg left joke as ,» the jovernment not corm ny , in the repre- sotetive ime, th destiny of the State depended on the elections. The French school of liberaliam, the same which bon+ted of having conspired during fifteen years, ruled men's mind’. Hive result was easy | to foresee. The outbrenk 7th of April, 1431, was the | natural consequence, and it can be asserted, without place any fear of contradiction, that the greater part of those | wh prow pted that event, as well as those who had applanded it, had no more consciousness of what they did than the government which, by its inactivity, did not prevent it. Ali was swayed by an inconsiderate enthusiasm. ‘The elections of 1828 sent in a great number ot young "the peered os Opposition. 7 m were ipal newspaper writer at epoch’ Faria Pevetn dn Veign he two brothers zon Barros, and many others, inc! the snb- wi destined to die with the cession in ¢o distinguished a mauner—he strove to overcome the oratorical difficulties which embar- raveeo Lim, and be st. od trembling betore the ts of talent apd populamy of those days, the Vasoon- cedbos, tue Linot Coutinhos, the Lai Cavalcantis, the Paula Souzes, and the host of other distinguish- ed men who were then at the head of an immense popular party. the situation was a critical ong, and it was im- poesible for it to last The liberal Chamber was the expression of tve country, er rather the country more advanced in liberal ideas than the chamber, under the influence of secret societies, and filled with hatred against the court, received, with greedy ap- planse, be watchword ot federalism, invented and put ip to authorize a manifestation of votes for & republic. The government was without any resourees—a | struggle against the Chamber was out of the ques- tion, for the country wowd have returned a Chamber stilt more hosile—coercive measures against the country were invpossivle, for the army, the only available force under such circumstances, was in- fected by the popular batred aguinst the court: thus the only alternative left the government was to | abdicate. * * * * * | Later, when the Chamber had to elect a regency of three pertons,our young deputy, Carneiro Leao, who bad taken no active part in the last | struggle, began already to exercise his influence over his collewgves, tor he was oue of those who brought about the successful combination by which, with the General who had bern at the head of the revolution of April, and who was @ favorite with the troopt, two deputies were associated, Coata | Carvalho, of 8. Paulo, and Branlo Muniz, of Maran- feo, conciliating, by this measure, the pretensions and influences of the North and of the South, and preserving the unity of the empire. ° in the meantime, matters were becoming more and more plicated, in consequence of the revo- lutionery mania which continually threatened the public order in Rio de Janeiro, Peruambuco, Bahia and elsewhere. The government, struggting against the spirit of disorder which infested the streevs, the conventicles dnd the press, found, in the Chamber of Deputies, a point of support ever contested by the violent discussions of a minority composed of the mos: illus‘rious orators; in the Sena e this mi- ae bad grown to an almost unanimous majority. Yielding to the impatience caused by so many ad- versaries, the government was desirous, in concur- rence with its mejority in the Chamber, to effect a coup d'état, which by promptly satisfying the wish- es of the people by means of a reform of the consti- tution, would appease the exigencies of the popu- lace and at the same time get rid of the Senate and repress the minority in the Chamber. in effect on the 30th of July, all arrangements having been wade, the;Minister of Justice presented himeelf before the Chamber of Depaties, and de- menced, in the pame of four thousand tual | inhabitants subjected to the continual sacrifices of an active military service, measures of public safety. Carneiro Leao joined at chat moment the minority of the Chamber. Many others did the same, oon- vinced, by the imminence of the danger of the immense ‘responsibility they were assuming by aiding the coup d'état. The minority was trans- formed into a m»jority. The Minister of Justice es in his dismissal; the rest of the ministry followed him; the regents themeelves joined them. The Chamber refused to accept their resignation, and showed them the possibility of organizing a Cabinet which would satisfy the imperious necessi- ties of the country. The promoter of all these events — the glagious and energetic representative who, in this way, saved the constitution of the State, and with it the peace of the country— was Honorio Hermeto Carneiro Leao. Bat, to assume the reins of government, Carneiro Leao felt that the moment was not yet arrived; suc- cess tad been gained by his intervention, but it was that of the minority of the Chamber, and Carneiro Leao did not belong to it, but was the man of the majority. A ey was formed out of the most eminent members of the minority, which was known under the name of the “Ministry of the forty days.” (Ministerio aos quarenta deas.) Indeed, it had not, nor could it havea longer existence; ita duration depended upon the majority re- covering itself from the confusion and disorder into which the untoward attempt of the 30th say had | thrown it. As soon as the contusion ceased, the majority desired to bave a ministry of their own, and Uniteleo Leao was de jure the minister whom they decided to present. ‘The first ministry of the Marquez de Parana was not brilliant, nor could it be 80; he had to struggle against the more or less talent and il) will of those whose plans he bad thwarted. His position as mipister was sti) more conpli- cated by the insurrection which barst out at that time in’ the province of Minas, which had elected him as their Deputy. Friends avd relations of his bad been implicatee in it; calumny profitted of this cicumstance to direct against the minister those wea) of suspicion and mistrust inseparable from party tactics imtimes of ardent civil dissensions. The revolution of Minas was the pretext and the cause of the withdrawal frem the ministry ot Car- neiro Leao. He was succeeded by the ministry of Aureliano, and the powerful rule of the famou Sociedade’ Defensora. sentatives the depnty Carneiro Leao im: Pp the reterm of the constitutional which fixes the imperial majority at eighteen years, 4 fierce contest concerning the constitutionalit, of that article ensued; Carneiro Leao proved thesis hy evidence, and made on this occasion one of Dis finest speeches from the tribune. Bat the ques- | tion was not to be decided either by speeches or by voter. ‘His talent at the tribune, and his parliamentar / capacity, admitted by every oue, were not the onl qualities to recommend bim. Till then, he had not as yet bad an opportunity of showing those solid quali- ies ot activity, firmness and porepicacity, required for the practical admiuistration of the couutry. his oc- Cason was Dow offered bim. All things were indicative | of a pretence on the put of the opposition to take power by & coup de main, aud to launch the country again into contusion. The government, initisted into its secret plums, watched them vigilautly in order to frustrate them. sr. Carneiro Leao was ap- pointed Presideut of the province of Rio de Janeiro, which, op account of ite imity to the two provinces of 5. Paulo and uns, an extraordi- Bary importance. In ths new position the clever parliamentary oebater proved himself an active and energetic administratoy, ty such a point that when in San Pavlo, and afterwards in Barbacena, the revelutiovary movement broke forth, the Presideat of Rio de Janeiro had already succeeded in anninilat- ing the revotutionary germs whicnt he conapiracy had spiend over difierent muxicipalities of that province, 80 that the revolt of Barbacena, instead of extend- ing to the capital, as ts chiets had hoped, was forced to follow the opposite direction into the in- terior of the province of Minas, and to abandon all hope of triumph. The porieieniany position of Carneiro Leao, and the active part he bud taken in the repression of the revolutionary movements of 1842, called him to the succession of the miuistry in the wants of its being obliged wo retire. This evenwuually soon hap- pened, and was the origin ot the second ministry of our distinguished statesman, But the principle of discord which had caused the dissolution of the cabinet was necessarily, notwithstanding the ap- parent strength of the new ministry and the su port of the country and the chambers. destined continue to embarracs the new administration, and finaliy to prove fatal ito it. * * * * The provitce of Pernambuco, which had been agitated by @ rebellion, had faliey under the intlu- ence of the most exaggerated democratic ideas. The revolt having been quelled, it was necessary to re- establish catm and repose in the public mid, and to seiogeats tne last relic of this disastrous fermenta- mn. A great name was wanted, acceptable to the con- servatives of Pernambuco on account of the memory of bis past services, ani, at the same time, q man of paspienctty Moderation and energy. All these qua- ities wers united in Carneiro Leao. The province was tranquilized by him; its administration regu- lated, and the spirits both of the conservatives exas- perated by 80 many years of implacable persecution, and of the libersls terrified by the los of a domina- tion they believed everlasting, promptly retarned to the same dispositions of order and tranquillity which meres in most of the other provinces of the em- pire. The mission of this able statesman being termi- nated be retised to the capital; but he enjoyed his re- tirement for only a short time. His friends asked of him a new service, of quite a different nature from thore he was accustomed torenderthem. Thistime it was not a man of the tribune or an administrator that was wanted, but # vigilant and Cages areaggon diglo- mati t. to be sent to the Rio de ls Plata, where the external policy of the Imperial Cabinet was about to ape either in a friendly alliance or in a war. In this most delicate mission Carneiro Leao was true to the opinion entertained of his abilities; and whatever may bave been the ultimate results ot it, certainly one cf the finest pages of our history is that in which the events of the Rio de la Plata are related in connection with the names of Paulino José Soares de 8cuza and of Hovorio Hermeto Carneiro Leao; both of them, in the titles with which they have been re- warded, preserved the remembrance of their glorious services Returved from his dipiomatic mission, Virconde de Parana was at last allowed to enjoy some repose; bis labors in the Council of State and the debates in the Senate, where he always stood in the first rank among the defenders of the ministry, still occupied, however, his attention. Inthe meantime the aspect of the country was chonging; political passions were subsiding; princi- ples were no longer contested; the industry which ‘was in progress of developement eugrossed the geno tala tention. The lsssitade of Parliament calted for anew winistry, and the monarch called the Marquis of Parana to organize it. Here we enter on a new and the last stage of the political life of cur illustrious statesman; it brings us down to the present time. The epoch at which the Visconde de Parana began his new ministerial career was entirely different trom all the others he had passed through. In the political atmosphere there was uo longer that load of electricity—ihe foreboding of approaching tempests none of the fandamental principles of Brazilian society were in question; the authority reorganized by the conser- vative party bad disarmed al] vielent passions, sup- pressed all criminal attempts; the pacification of | Under the pressure of these calumnies and ani- mosities the deputy Carneiro Leao was forced to re- tire. To know when to wait is the mark of a clever itician. Carneiro Leao waited and gave the wavea to subside. The reformed Chamber of 1534 was destined to raise him again to power. Indeed, in that Chamber, without taking into ac- vais cong those of ae deputy, i es, lay Visconde it outside of fe two aie corresponding } Sepia oul je two part Oplaivas ot different shades. The one most numerous had as chiefs the liberals deputed from the South; ‘the first ground was ities of Pernambuco, at whose Al ) The s a Sacae toae (now Visconde de Sapucahy) and others formed the centre of what then was called the Maroma (the cable.) In the midst of the violent distractions wi hich di- vided the majority snd minority, the Maroma al- ways inclined De masters of tne moderate votes, they would not consent to those extreme mea- sures which would endanger the constitution of the Btate beyond remed, it both ae hy mania which was menacing it, utopian a iy | the the numberleas constituent the ity Carneiro tne abel caeemny diticale port of bie pas ents akill which later pe oer inp paw Ly ine dere Sate deputies, in order to make himself master of the votes. Constitutional reform being voted, the coun’ sank into a state of marasmus and enfeebl . whice — during the remainder of 1834, aad War daring ear following when the law of junt in execution, and the regent i to the supplemental act. But as soon as the reform began to ly studied p> E tds of ie ees of 1835, under the patronage o! deputy of Pernambuco, Louls Caveleanti, the idea of the constitutional re gency of Senhora D. Fanuaria was put forth and a Dew opposition o ganized. ‘This began the work of the session of 1836; the question of the regency of the Princess Fanuaria being at once rejected, the great conservative ban- ner was raired in the chamber by Jernardo Pereira de Vasconcellos, and by the press; around it gathered successivel, Caramuru. The deput the same ideas. After the general elections, Rio de Janeiro beheld, in ad dition to Sr. Paulino, Jose Soares de Souza, (now Visconde de Uruguay,) Torres and others, been re-elected, a great many new sh_ring the same opinions. Ip 8. Paulo the conservative party obtained — triumph, also ) Pernambuco, and SES elements reunited into inst re gency accused of dictatoner tendenchoa, had every: | where been victorious. Then enaved that brilliant session of 1837, one of & a ee A the ——— tribune. To to give them a character which con- stitutes force and wi assures triumph, was the great task of Honorjo H. Carneiro Leao, who at the same time took hie part in all the debates with con- summate dialectical skill. [Che regent, wearied by this incessant le, and foreseeing its re- fhe year 1838, reigned his post. The newly elesied the year r 5 net Senator for Pernambuco, Kreme Lima, (how Mar: de Olinda.) who ideas were in conformity with th: se of the opposition in the chamber, was called to fill the post of Minister for Fi in Affairs, and afterwards to take the fanctions of provisional re gent. Here commenced for Carneiro Leao one of the most toi some epochs of his official life, and which, althongh ey not very brilliant, is neverthe- ess one of most glorions of hia long political career. Devoted with all the 4, 4 a oho neey Araujo Lima, it was he who or- ganized the re “v ~ strove to conquer iShe’ora |, to appease animosi- ties, and to old enemies. toke any place in this Cabinet—his mission was a higher one; the Cabinet was living bat by his con- the . the py the master cee ae ae “a the the samsion of 1840, Senator the pnblic mind was so complete that the word conciliation was in every mouth, the desire for it in evciy heart. But in what was it to consist? how was this conciliation to be attained? Up to that time nobody had succeeded in giving a satisfactory —— of the question; it remained a problem tobe solved. The new ministry undertook and promised to satisfy the general desire. To fulfil this mission its chief possessed, besides favorable social ciroumstances, a great force in his name, which so many years of devotion and firmness had surrounded with # high prestige. There was siill another ad- vantage not leas considerable: of all men whose fame repoved on their past services, and who, there- fore, enjoyed the respect of the present geveration, of all the men of reputation amongxt our statesmen, he alone presented himself. Deatn had swept away the one—others, still living and full of vigor, had retired from public life, and showed little tion to plunge again into the stormy waves of poli- de Parana obtained from all of his Fin'views, he desired also to of ideas, and the law of electoral reform through ——_. ated as they were by the unavoidable organi: i the Marques of Parana was called from this earthly scene of strife wo eternal It is said that in his ‘and reptied to the accusation of the it epoch is cha: acterized. acento was gifted with a prodi- gious and ever reaty memory, an ¢: spicacity. and @ spies icone of iods uke mind; hve lan: guage was ordinarily incorrect, his diction embar- rassed, but when contradi:tion irritated. or his own energy carried him away, those faulis disappeared, and the great parliamentary ora‘or captivated his auditors and annihilated his adversacies. ‘Of an irrascible temper, he easily yielded to an- oy impulses; nor were the liamentary debates proper school to correct this defect of his char- acter; but he was the first to forget the aggression he bad provoked as soon as caimer reflection re- turned. His loyalty was proof against all tempations; he served his friends with the greatest zeal, even er than they themselves showed to their own inter- esta. At the tribune. he threw himeelf fearlely in advance of insults and accusations, in order to avert them from his friends, even offering binself to the wiath which was directed again them; thus, on Sg occasion, be was ready to brave for his friends | commander, In the midst of all these difficnities, ag- | 78: adversaries accuse bim of having been of aa | test difficulties. fabeointe and domineer ng aind which could not sa pert con! » Making allowance for what % naturally exaggerated in these accas tions, it is bat to acknowledge that the noble Ma had de fect» in his good qualities, but all adinitted that never had any man a greater number of devoted frends, and that no one knew better how to keep = “ haa not been an I to the states- tan who devo'ed to it his 45 him the rewards to which he had a right, nately, posterity has not te make amends for an neglect of this sort; be or at the highest on tions he could axpire to. In the m ire, he had been a member of the sayreme inal of jnstice; Sr carina aes teins cok. dent of provinces, minister p! , counsel. Jor of state, twice minister, and ee presiaent of the cabinet; in the hierarchy of nobility, he obtain- ed the hig rest title the Emperor can accord to a eab- ject, that of Marques. “ADVERTISEMENTS RENEWED EVERY DAY. RB, OSCANYOR'S LRCTOR: the principle it never denied | ( Porta- | | sulPPise, YEW YORK AND LIVRRPOO! mail —For liverpoo United Sti nail stenmahip RIMCSFON, Capt Lowber, will a i stesmahip RLACSPON. Capt. Lowber will de the United hin for Bur pes Or passage havipg unequalled accom both for elegance and comfort, avply to EDWARD k. COLLINS, $6 Wall street. Passengers are requested to be om board at I A.M All levters inust pass through the Post office; any others will, be returned. to New York is reduced ‘Tbe cate of freight from Liv to £4 per ton measurement, until further notice, HM LIVERPOOL ANU PHILADELPHIA STRAMOMEP q OW BAI MORE, Lak eee one “ah it 4 wons, apt Reins jelpbis apd Liverpool. "Fhewe sueamnere ace ouster clad with uuproved. waiae oma ‘tn srperieneod! compartmenta, and each Parties wishing w pg. vat their friends can optatu cera gates Of puseage and drafts on Liverpoo! in sume of £3 sige Hing and upwards Apply ‘0 ©. DALE agent, 11 Watnut street Philadekphts, er SABEL 4 CORTIS, 177 Broadway, New York {OR LIVERPOE READNOUGAT LINK. Pe World wide known elippership DRBADSOUGHE, Oapt, MI positively aati on Wedneeday, 2h November. ‘abin $20 steerage $18 and found With provisos. Lcted tor making the fastest trips om re- , ier G North river, or to Di6al al eet and 36 Uld whip. R LIVER ship GREAT Wes’ Fre, second cabin visiots. For puseage apply to aueet. OTICE — FIRST PACKET FOR LIVERPOC celebraied packet snip CONPTELL ATION lerier, sails th's day, #t 120'clook For passage in cabin. ae cord Cann and steerage, npply on board, pier 45 2 #., or te TAPROOT: & CO. 6 sont street, OB BREMEN, V1. SOWTHAMPTON.—THE UNTIED Stwates mail sieawsbip WaBGINGTON, K. Cavendy com mander will sail i ‘bremen. touching &.-oathampion wo 1nd gersfor bngland and France, on Saini ock, M., frou pier 3° North river Price of hamp'on or Bremea:—te ° passege from N first cabin main saloon $1¥), in first c in secord cabin each steamer “p cela received op the day of sailing, All letter must through thy Post Ofice For freightor passage apply to SANv, Agent, 11 South William street and passengers. oo Saturc from ber pier, No. 37 North riv First eabin, Second cxbi 15 enclosing (he oor sirandina the wmter apa being free to work the eofety of the rs must be secured. Ne freight will be taken alter Thursday, December Il Por freight or vawage apply to MOKTIMEK LIVINGSTON, agent, £3 Broadway. TEAM TO GLASGOW ¥ ancnon Cink OF STEAM Packer Sars UNITED EINGDOM. ~ BELL, ae and passen; Fitted up with a view to he comfortable accommotation Bil claases of passengers. ‘The splenced Clyde built iron screw. stean-ship is intend ed to sad with goods and passengers, direct from pier Yvert Biver. to Glasgow, on Wednesday, November 19 ij $60 Iptemediate passage. .... «HY Reena Amexperianced a1 uate freight or Bly to ie eMC ER NOTS, MACDONALD & GO TEAM BETWEREN EDINBURGH, 2 y YOR! gow and New Yor Dew and powerful siren rect, as follows :—F dina o'clock, noon; New York o'cleck, noon! Glasgow, Sainrday, o'clock, Poon. RATES OF PASSAU First class, $15) thin’ clase with cooks! proviaemm, BW. on experienced avtached to enc mer Fee fr or ply t On efty bill or gel POR CAPE TOWN, CAPE OF GOOD HOPE AND Osh ,) cutta.--The beautifal At sho GEM OF Tht OCKAN will by iebet on ee above porta, For freight or. Da va, ABKALL & ELLIOT, 65 Peart a ie 10T'8 IN- UsTRALTIA —GOODE deper den! b spatcbed tor Me! . & BL D At IIL, UBTRALIA PI LIPE, ASTABLISHRD 1408, A Oarryi-g he Uoited Staves wate Salling regulary on the day sdvorined. ou ixuurday, Dow ful OF OM full) No freight ‘rece-ved after Friday. Bes & ‘The unequalled and node slipper shiv ANN! RIMB ALL. 00 ous Femioter Reunell wastor Is now receiving her cargo si piey No 9 Kast over, sad wit Doritively aail asabove For freight or passage ly on hoard. “k 8 CE MERON. No. 6 Howling greas. 1 Dill fOr wale and cori sdvencemen'y made 00 conga Consiguecs 2 Anstralls, Meare Wikinson, Brother ment & Co. PECIAL NOTICE TO CALIFORNIA SOIPPERS.— ‘be clipper ship WESTWARD 10 will positively be dew i ‘used on or before the si patched for ban Franciaco as ndvert ecember, Shippers devirous of availing themselves of Beet grtrersel’ low cates of freight are requested to goods on bear! without deiay WM. T. COLEMAN & CO., 8% Wall street. UTTON & CO 'S DISPATCH LINE FOR SAN FRAm eisco— Salling regularly and positivey on or before the day advertised. one a Thuretay, Dec. 6, the spieedsd Al clipper ship JO} MLLTON, ae (6 rece ving. her cargo at pier 10 Rast river, and will positiveiy sal ap Shippers will please send in their bil of lading fer signature as S000 As the'r engagements are ——_ ing In mind that the versels of tais line take no afer their advertised dat, and in tained. SUTTON & OLEMAN’S CALIFURNIA LINE FOR Saw cheo.—Ship of the Sth December —Ibe tifml chipper shi, WESTWARD HU, Housey, Commander, wow pac gytee me od pier 9 Rast river This ia the ci ‘the port, and ubtedly the fastest ship in the has made the best three voy San of any afloat, having accomplished the same in 103, 97. wad 100 respectively Mer ‘hor owg! ‘venti the ad manner in which she has alway her the most desirable ¥ lowest rates and having el nO Ouse bave been or wil CO., 53 South atreet, cor. Wi 3 Fy, i hue i to [Ok NEW ORLEANS AND DAVANA —THE UNI wteerinb hintes mal) ip BLACK WAKKION. J. W. reeelv! pat ‘will commence ing Nev. 24. and will sail on thursday Nov 27. Bobinson street, North river, at Wi o'clock A. BM Vert, at L2 o'clock noon, from pier No. 44, Ni trewibt oF passage apply 19 SMITH & PATRICK, mu OR SAVANNAB AND FLORIDA—USY = The steamsbiv FLORIDA, © ewe mere i Mall . ball, will leave on Wednesday, Nev. 2 from pier No. 4 river at o'clock P.M. Wiis of aig sage on board. nt leone ly to fbn ME 18 Broadway. Forte tert Rk ra ene Py Shears tems New Vork on Tessdnve cad Sururange eee R NORFOLK, PRETERERURG AND Li F ‘The United Mates mail steamship KOA Cageatn ner, loading at pier 13 North river for We Wil leave at So'clock om lay afternoon. ‘ednesday’ anne thie, =. ee for reg, OM UD LANs PLEARANTS, 82 Broatwaye? i i i Capt LM. Murray, will leave pier ‘ Wedneway. Nov Bi at three ovcloek PM sw iy. fregbt apply on board, where ail bir ing wil Bd for’ of POPFORD TILRSTO! 29 roadway The new, magni‘icent and fast going steam - er Nasbville, Thomas D Kwan commander, will ruceord, amd leave on Saturdsy Nov. 29. with the wand Key West. The tavorite steamer Oa- ridings ow Jobo's river, Floride, covnecting Fes Tort $10,000, Sie Rae ZVENTS, NOTIOK.—T0 ROONOMISE YOU MUST SEND a your winter clothing to 98 I street. where Sue otlee, Articles semt for D; ‘coe for [sees br by contin A CORTIABOR, late of Pearl streets” zn are aae Ssofeaurices eee Hare euce ee prices. and Porive stech must be ieee rae tattoo aah at great