The New York Herald Newspaper, November 15, 1856, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1856. NEW YORK HERALD. 44BES GORDON BENNKUP, DITOR 4ND PROPRIETOR, MER ME, oo0k in atecneny IB UistL ” HERALD. 9 conte 5 Sa Sirsa, <vanwes EXE... SCIEN) AMUAZMENTS THIS RVENING, “MMLO'S GARDEN, Breadwer—Conson's'~Pescivar Daweiwt —Biascan, _geeeey sunaran. Bowery—Bacanwax axv BOwsRy AMAT —MinIDH S EOL. + ws NEW THEATRE, Brosdway, opposite Bond at, Pugpentan ar Count. PALLACK’® THEATRE Brosdwer—Tue Memon ast or var ae ‘Sreaxs Piast —Wot-e or Wis DERMERE, ‘WAMBRAS STREPT THEATRE. date Borven’s\—Panis we jean Veerig BRwe—Dowe Ciel OF Gexoa—Waee vEERG 5Ors. 24K UWS AMERICAN MUBEOM, Broacway— afternoon mat Drege D828. sBOADWAT Meas —PoRNING jroadway—Tam Koses oF WIBLO'S FALOON, —Traseene’s Forare Cox (omer ok AmEE IA, O90. OHRISTT & WOOD ‘By wore PrRNORMenCRS— MOCELEYS SERENADESS, 289 Breadway—Braorus Bomomats —ismar oy tha Duap rwamr, yn slams) Bow Vork. Saturday, November 1), L856. ———————— The Vews. 2 screw steamship Le Lyonnais, which <ailed from this port for Havre on the Ist of Mevember, was uto on the 2d by an uaknown vesse) and abandoned on the uext day in a sinking eondition. vs out of forty in the wabin bave | cher with eleven of vr the ship’s company, souls, is supposed to have been lost. The d gathered by our re- perters vill be found elsewhere. The steamship Empire City arrived at this port yesterday morning ‘with Havana dates to the ‘th The | rs of our correspondents, given in , contain all the news of interest. ican war steamer Democra‘a—whick, a3 our veaders will rec was reporte] a short time aimce as having wh uD away with by her crew fwom Vera Croz, and which was also subsequently reported as having been seen engaged in deadly eomba’, off Tampico, with the vessel sent in pursuit ef ber—arrived at Havana on the 3d inst. It was wurwised that she was sent to reconnoitre the Spa- mish armada preparing to make a descent on Mex- we. The movements of the Democrata are certainly somewhat mysterious. By way of St. Thomas we have received the Eco det Pucdio, of San Domingo City, dated Sth uit. Phe only news of importance is that by the m-dia- tion of the Consuls of the European Powers, a re- eencilietion had taken place between the existing government and Senor Baez, the former first magis- trate, and in consequeace of which, an amnesty be- img extended to him. he was allowed to return to hie country. A few days atter his arrival,or the 224 Sept., be was elected by a great majority of votes Vice President of the repuvlic—a charge which, in the absence of General Santana, involves the direction of public affairs. In the Board of Aldermen a communication was yeceived trom the Harbor Commissioners in op )0si- téon to the proposed extension of the city int the ‘Bast river, between Seventeenth and Thirty-eighth streets. They urge that the extension will injure the mavigation of the river and unfavorably effect naviga- tien, by the occupation of some three million anda halt cubic feet of water room which should be re- served for docks, &c. The Commissioner, will re- pert exterior lines for the city to the next Legisla- tare, and they ask that the Common Council allow the project to rest until the Legislature have passed spon their recommendations. The extension scheme was brought up before the Committee on Wharves, Piers and Slip; yesterday. A report of the argu ments for and against it is given elsewhere. The Committee on Markets reported a resolution stating that no evidence exists to sustain the charges al deged against the officers having the markets under their supery sion. Jn the Board of Supervisors yesterday a proposi- tion to increase the salaries of the officers of the Superior Court from 3700 to $800 per annum was @ebated and Jaid on the table. In the Board of Councilman last evenipg the re- port from the Loard of Aldermen in favor ot Buck- man’s plan for a new City Hall was taken up and @wcused by Mr. Swan, who pronounced the plan an architectural impossibility. The report was, how ever, finally concurred in hy @ vote of thirty-seven yeas to fifteen nays. The architect estimates that the edifice will cost three millions of doilars. The Board of County Canvassers yesterday fur. ther postponed till Wednesday next the investiga- tion into the frands alleged to have been perpe trated in the Second and Third election districts of the First ward. The returns of the Seventh ward were gone throngh with, when Alderman Brigg? offered a preamble, stating that upwards of six bun- @ea illegal votes were polled in the Thirteenth ward on election day, and proposed a resolution ap pointing a committee of three to inquire into the ease. The proposition was, after some discussion, Ieid on the tavie. We give elsewhere a fall report ‘ef the proceedings of the Board. Ships artiving at tals port report an alarming mortality on board. The ship Donau, which arrived om Thursday, bad twenty-tour deaths on the pas+ age; the Howard aud Hamboldt, arrived yesterday, had respectively twenty six and thirty-seven deaths on the voyage. Surely some rigid inquiry ahould be instituted as to the caase of this frightfal mor ality. We bave been handed the following. which will @oudtless prove interesting to the bnainese comma nity’ si Wreetive, Va,, Nov. 14, 1854 River twevty seven inches, and ring. Raining, and good for a resumption of river busines. + Governor Wise, of Virginia, bas appointed fifty two delegates from that State to the Southern Commercial Convention, to meet in Savannah, Ca., on the “th of December. These are divided in the of four from each of the thirteen Congres. sional districts, Hon. 2. M. T. Hunter heads the tat. N. Cabet, founder of the learian Community at Nanvoo, llinois, died at St. Louis on the (th inst. o apoplexy, aged about sixty-nine years. We ive elsewhere a biographical eketoh of thie celebrated philosopher On our inside pages may be found an address from Gon. Atchison, the leader of the Kansas bor ner ruffians, and t dings of « taceting held recently at Westport. M sid of the proslavery cause in thot Territory © reports of the Jewish celebration on Wednesday evening, and of the en rions experimen at Gien Cove with the subs marine nantiin« The remaind: near one bundred and abe cre v- proce together with seoount of a sin gular tial in France for bigamy, and a oumber of other interesting articies The eales of votion yesterday reached about |,<0@ a 1,900 bales, base’ on middling 12e., and on New Orleans a @market closed with © firmer foe The greater | part of the sales were made for export. There were not as yet many samples offering in transite. They did not probably exceed some 1.500 bales, Common and mediom grades of State and Western flour were about Se. per bbl. lower, while other descriptions | were without change of moment in quotations, with moderate sales. Printe white wheat was sold at fall prices, while common qnalities rge Gall, Good to prime white Western and Canadian sold at #166042 | ern confederacy, or the absolute contro? of the | The Didleulttes tn the Elbe—The Stade Duce 85 2 $170, anc one lot choice Camadian at $171. Red Western sold at #150 @ $152; Canad cled government—President, Cabinet, Congress, fo- ; reign aud domestic policy, epoils and all. We jae $55 a $1 56, Milwaukie cleb at $243, | have soon enough to believe that these nullitiers } amd Chicago spring at 1! 2 @ 6%. Pork sold at #18 87) 8 $19, closing | with no sellers under the letter figure. The sales of sugars were confined to about 500600 hhds., at steady prices. About 2,100 bags Rio cof- fee were sold by auction at %jc.alle. Preights to English ports were in good demand at full rates, ‘The tea sale yesterday forenoon waa well attended by @ spirited company, All the greens and about haif the blacks were sold at prives which exhibited a slight advance over previous public sales. The Dangers of the Country—The Southern NullifierseNew and Startling Compiica- tions of the Presidential Issue. We regale our readers this morning with a batch of interesting letters from Washington on the important subject of the dispensation of the spoils under Mr. Buchanan, duly salted and peppered with the peculiar views of some of our Southern democratic organs, This spicy dish of spoils polities, however, is com- pletely thrown into the shade by our special pvich from Richmond, Va., developing a on the part of the Southern nullifiers the control of Mr. Buchanan’s administra- or the destruction of the government—a o tempting and feasible as to be really ap- Corn sold at 682. implicity of this plot certainty commends to the nullifers as the shortest possible road to a dissolution of the Unfon, and the experi- ment of that Southern confederacy which is to se of every secessionist a President, a little Emperor, or a dasbing military chieftain. It seems that under the protecting wings of Governor Wise, a e knot o. disunion traitors have been deliberating at Richmond upon the following scheme of rule or ruin. The nullifiers have their doubts of the Northern democratic members elected to the Congress, more or less under free State ple in reference to Kansas; and they also haye their fears of Mr. Buchanan. His position is not satisfactory—his administration may involve the admission of Kansas as a free State unless enforced at once to show bis hand. And the nullifiers accordingly propose to bring him out at once, or crush him, The Presidential Electors, elected by the peo- ple, meet on the third of December, in their re- spective States, to cast their votes for President and Vice President, They will thon be sent to Washington, and opened in the House of Repre- sentatives on the 11th of February, and counted, and the election will be declared—President and Vice President—before both houses assembled to- gether. According to the votes of the people in the various States, the majority of the votes of the Electors will be declared in favor of Buchanan and Breckinridge; but the Electors may briag about a wholly different result if they think fit todo so. And this is the plot of our Richmond nullifiers: First, to put a strong nullification letter to Mr. Buchanan, and to require an imme- diate answer; and, secondly, in the event of an unsatisfactory answer, or no. answer at all, to throw a sufficient number of Southern electoral votes upon Fillmore, Jefferson Davis, or Atchison, for example, to carry the election into the House. Thrown into the House, the nullifers know very well that the election of President would fall up- on Breckinridge by default, or that such scenes of excitement and violence would ensue as would precipitate the great secession ultimatum of the destruction of the government and the dissolu- ion of the Union. Such is the simple but comprehensive plot en- tertained by some of the leading Southern nullifiers for a bond of insurance from Mr. Buchanan, or the defeat of his lection at the bazard of a bloody dissolution of the government. But if they have their fears of Mr. Buchanan on the Kansas issue, and their fears of the Northern democrats elected to the next Congress as free Kansas men, what will the nullifiers say to the California Pacific Railroad letter of Mr. Buchanan, sent out confi- dentially to San Francisco just in time to be too late to get back to the Atlantic coast till after the election? This letter comprebends a policy of internal improvements compared with which the whole American system of Henry Clay, s0 odious to the Simon Pure Couthern democracy, was but a more flea bite. Grant this Pacifie Railroad doctrine of Mr. Buchanan as perfectly constitutional and expedient, and our Congressional spoilamen may not only equander away the public lands by mil- lions to railroads along which they lie, but the government may buy up all the railroads in the United States, and assess a direct tax upon the people, inclading a heavy tax upon niggers, to pay for them. Pass a bill upon Mr. Buchanan's California platform, for the construction of the Pacific Railroad, and in two years thereafter the government will be bankrupt, and heavy loans and « heavy direct tax will be required, inclading a tay upon niggers, to cover the ordinary ex- penses of the Treasury. This California letter of Mr. Buchanan, there- fore, with the other causes described, may yet he in season to cost him the loss of the support of the South. The position of the Southern leaders of the party at Cincinnati on this Pacific Railroad, and the careful equivoca- tions of the Cincinnati platform under their pruning knife, will admit of no such doctrine as this of Mr. Buchanan. These Southern mullifiers, too, will readily perccive the necessity of nipping thie Pacific Railroad policy in the bud. 'Thon- sands of hungry democratic spoilsmen will go away unsatisfied and revengeful, from Washing- ton, unless come prodigious scheme of plunder is adopted for their relief; for the offices are already filled by good democrats, many of whom cannot he touched by Mr. Buchanan, for fear of trouble. } Tience the danger of this Pacific Railroad project «coming theactivespoilspolicy of his administra- tion, Has not Robert J. Walker a charter already | from New York, anda personal subscription of ten | millions of dollars to the road, requiring only an | appropriation from Congress to make it good? | And how ar | Mr. Walker's New save Pennsylvania may ea living interest in ailroad, with all its the spoils of this Pac perils of a direct tax upon niggers? | We are constrained to helieve that there is ometbing in t Richmond plot. We fear that | this Pacific Railroad letter will be in still further developements tx | The timely exposure of the conspiracy may } perhaps defeat it: but we ate not sure that the and doubts of this Presidential clee | excitement tion are over. We bave seen enongh since the | | election to convince us that these violent and impudent disunion threats of such | conspirators 2s Wise, Mason, Davie, Toombs, Slidell, Brooks, Keitt, Batler and others, | mean something that they are not all mere idle ‘the deliberate scheme of dieunion and a Sonth. we to know Wat that hundreds of | York Hotel subscribers to | wbo would trample the will of the people uader foot if spoken against them in the clection of Fremont, would not hesitate to betray the peo ple in the defeat of Buchanan, should it be deemed most expedient for the ultimate object of disunion. The responsibility is with Mr. Buchanan. If he bends to these nullifiers he fs lost. If they forbear now to press him to the wall, they will surround him with all their arts and appliances betore he is warm in his chair, in order to secure the control of his administration. Should they permit his election, it will be but a work of grace. He may, however, by a few plain words in his inaugural address, relieve himself of this whole pack of Southern disturbers of the public peace, and do mach to quiet the apprehensions of the country concerning the Kansas ruffian policy of extending slavery, and the Ostend manifesto, He has but to follow the example of Gen. Jackson with these nullification gentlemen, and they will be as impotent for mischief as under Mr. Calhoun in 1832 The Union and ngth and breadth, nen’s rights in the Terri- tories, is the only ark of safety for Mr. Bucbapan, -ianding fast to this sure platform, he may immortakize his adminie- tration, demolish the republican party, and re- build the democracy upon a basis at once solid, national, conservative and permanent. But if he bends to the nullifiers, his fate will be worse than that of poor Pierce, and his party, even now 0: its last legs, will be utterly destroyed. The position of our political affairs at this juncture, viewed in any light, is a critical posi- tion. From the developements daily transpiring around us, the crisis is fall of dangers to Mr. Bu- cbanan, his pe~'y, and the country; and before reaching the .nauguration the democracy may yet have to encounter more trying and diffieul' scenes than any through which they have passed in the late campaign. Is Mr. Buchanan strong enough to hold the helm? We have our hopes, bat wehave our fears. Weawait further advices from the South. Frence Arrsrs.—It is evident that, without some startling change in public affairs, the Ex- peor Napoleon will soon find himself the target jor an onslaught from the English press, such as befell him at the time of the coup @éat. The tone of the London Jimes bas been altering for some time: it is nothing like what it was ducing che war: though it has not begun to attack the Emperor personally, it does not spare his intimate friends aud advisers, and evidently thrashes him over their backs. Now, to suppose that the alliance can subsist with the great organ of British opinion in opposition, and in attack of the Emperor, is unwarrantable; we may be cer- tain that when the Zimes resolves to fall on, the government of England, whatever its wishes may be, will be forced to throw the French over- board, and to prepare for squalls. It looks very much as though the Emperor was walking in the trace of his uncle, and had just signed his treaty of Amiens. One thing ought to be apparent even to the dullest counsellor of the Emperor: and thatis the utter futility of a hope of shutting out the truth by gagging the press and shutting ont foreign journals. Here for some years now we have had the journals of Paris so tongue-tied as not to be able to discuss any law or political question, foreign or domestic, or the household of the Emperor, or religion, or finance, or the embarrassments of Spain, or the Italian dificulty—all these topics were forbidden: and the Emperor, having the power, en- forced the prohibition, But what is the con- sequence? The London Times becomes the organ of the French people. Articles, cut out of its columns, traye) all over France in envelopes, and defy the police: when it arrives in Paris, crowds run to the cabinets de lecture to read it or hear it read. Frenchmen learn English in order to understand the only journal which tells them the truth about their own country. The old na- tional prejudice is wholly wiped out; for it is from an Englishman and in the English tongue that the French receive the only reminder of their man- hood, the only encouragement of a better day to come, If Louis Napoleon were a trifle shrewder, and more original in his despotic measures, how easi- ly he could meet the British press on one side and give a little rein to the French on the other, byereviving a little anti-British feeling in France! A few hints would soon set the French editors gabbling: by the end of the week they would be rampant for war with England. This would sa- tisfy the French people, amuse and scare the English—thus rendering both nations harmless and docile for the time being: and it would «i- vert from the Emperor and his government an opposition which may yet cost him no slight ex- ertion to overcome. Tan Mexican Covnren Exreprrioy against Ccva.—In another column will be found a lettes from Senor de Gonsales, in reply to the commn- nication which we published a few days since from one of his countrymen, in reference to cer- tain Mexican Generals now in exile in this city, With the exact degree of the complicity of the latter in the recent movements against President Comonfort’s administration we bave nothing to do: we leave that to be settled by our corres pondents, who are better informed as to the facts than we are. The point of most interest to as in the controversy is the confirmation, which we ob- tain on all sides, of the fact announced by usa | few days since of the preparation of an expedition against Cuba by Comonfort, by way of a counter the Spaniards. Senor Gonsales intimates that, notwithstanding the harsh measures which the Mexiean government has adopted towards them, | the distinguished exiles to whom he refers are } eager to serve again under President Comonfort in this Cuban expedition ; and indeed the project elect amongst all classes of Mexicans—even emongst those most hostile to the present gov- eroment—tban any scheme which has as yet been started in connection with the affairs of that } country. Between the Spanish and English demonstra- tions against Mexico, the Mexican expedition ainst Cuba, and the threatened hostilities on the nothing of the little impromptu diversions which | General Walker may get up in the meanwhile, we are likely to have a lively time of it for the ' next twelve months off the Southern coasts of our | continent. These movements, in fact, promise as | pretty a complication of affairs as any which has vaporing and hombast; Imt that they involve | taken place in Europe for the last half century, | | pot even excepting the Russian war, move against the projected invasion of Mexico by | cetos t0 bave excited a greater degree of enthu- | part of England against New Granada, to say | and Amertcan Commerce. Ae the commerce of the United States is- creases in magnitade and value, its special iate- rests become more and more the anxiety of Ame- rican diplomacy. We have virtually disposed of the claims of Denmark to levy Sound duties in the Baltic, and now we are scrutinizing those of Hanover, which taxes commerce on the Elbe, The charges made by this petty government upon vessels entering that river, under the pretext that they are levied for the purpose of sustaining ite buoys, beacons and lighthouses, amount annually to about one bundred and sixty thousand dollars, while the only real disbursements for the purpose ave made by the city of Hamburg. At least, such is the statement which comes to us from that quarter, These Stade duties are authorized by aconyention made in 1344 by the States of Ger- many interested in the navigation of the river, and take their name from the province of Stade, having @ geographical area of one hundred and twenty-five miles, four towns, and about 250,000 inhabitants. The Elbe—which is ite northeast- ern boundary-—is one of the greatest rivers in Europe, rising among the great mountains of Silesia, and emptying into the North Sea, after running a distance of seven hundred miles, at o place cailed Cuxhaver, a bailiwick of Hamburg. Here the Elbe pilots board the inward bound vessels to take them up to Hamburg; bet before they reach this port these Stade duties have to be paid to Hanover. These tolls, thus exacted under the pretence of maintaining the navigation of the Elbe, are not* so applied; on the contrary, the efforts for its improvement, during its courscto the ocean from the city of Hamburg, a distance of ninety ites, bave been made by that city—it alone keeps np the pilot system for the river-—-and if any one, it bas the only right to collect the necessary tolls The consequence of al] this is, that a Uttle Ha noverian town, called Harburg, is growing up at the expense of Hamburg, and boing seven miles south or above that city, cuts off much of the descending trade. Vessels entering there from the sea are exempt from the payment of the Stade duties, and thus receive a bounty for avoil- ing Hamburg. Now, as the Elbe is a river open to the commerce of the world, as Hamburg is the greatest commercial city of Germany, and is its trade with the United States within a few years bas risen to very great importance, it has become a serious consideration with that free city how it may henceforward escape the restrictions put upon its commerce by Honover, and which in this case are an unjust discrimination in favor of a rival town. The whole commercial policy of Hamburg is liberal. The imposts levied on fo- reign importations are small; many articles of value are, we understand, admitted free of duty; such, for example, as corn, yarn, linen, copper and books. 1t is eminent for its enterprise, ac- tivity, liberality and wealth, and is considered by travellers as one of the most agreeable places of residence in the whole North of Germany. Situated upon the Elbe, where it is three miles wide, and interspersed with beautiful islands, with fine ramparts, walks and drives, numerous public libraries, a great variety of agreeable places of amusement, 2 republican form of go- yernment, and numerous lines of steamers to every part of Northern Europe, Hamburg stands deservedly primus inter pores. The recent movement, then, on the part of our government to abolish the Hanoverian Stade du- ties has awakened the most lively pleasure among its merchants, The American Consul has been instrueted by Mr. Marcy, Secretary of State, to ascertain the amount of dues received by Hanover during the last ten years; to send in a special list of the lighthouses, signals, beacons and buoys kept up by Hamburg, together with the amount annually expended in keeping them in an effi- cient state; and to inquire whether the Senate of Hamburg is prepared to support the United States in opposing the further payment of the Stade dues; and if so, to what extent. This country being no party to the convention of 1844, is not bound by its stipulations, and is unwilling to submit to duties levied upon its commerce in transit, where the right to impose them is not conformable to the law of nations, or exercised under treaty stipulations to which we are a party. It is said that the Hanoverian Ministers are much disturbed by this unexpected demonstra- tion, Their revenues are none too largo—their commerce is rather small. Meanwhile, the other commercial Powers interested in the commerce of the Elbe look on with no little interest. Our gain will be theirs, but theirs much more than ours. England and France will be particularly pleased with the action of our government, and will have to confess that our intelligent commer- cial diplomacy is not only beneficial to ourselves but to the world. The value of the annual com- merce of Hamburg is estimated at one hundred and fifty millions of dollars. The number of tons yeorly entering its port is half a million, the in- crease having been one hundred and twenty-five per cent within thirty years. Every commercial article in the world is bought and sold in ite marts. It has extensive connections with the United States, and particularly with this city; and thix fortunate circumstance (for fortunate it is) will eventuate in the overthrow of those unjust re- strictions on its commerce which of itself it has Leen, and probably would be, unable to shake off, Mesieran Arrains.—We hope the people of the city and the Legislature of the State will not forget the report of the Committee on the De- partment of Repairs and Supplics. It is not often that one is able to get so clear a glimpse of the inside working of a municipal office. Butchers doing the glazing, barkeepers the carpenter's work, apothecaries’ apprentices the well-cleaning; all these persons charging from one to three hundred and fifty per cent more for their work than responsible mechanics, bred to their trade, | would charge: the Commissioner admitting that | he never read the acts creating his office and pre- scribing his duties: the Superintendent, who is out on bail, and is arraigned every term as an | accessory to the homicide of Bill Poole, skil- {ally evading the law by dividing each job into ae | many portions as will leave each below the speci- fied $250 ; all of them rioting and revelling in cliy plunder, growing rich on salaries of 1,500, and laughing to scorn the idea of responsibility or punisment. This is a spectacle which is not often given to a tax payer to contemplate. ft is the more interesting as we know that it is no isolated case, but a fair type and exemplar of all our municipal departments. We trost that this case may be brought home to the mind of every person who doubts the ne- | cersity of a thorough reform in the organization | of the city government; and also, to every one | who deludes himecif with the notion that a reor- ganization of the police, a registry law, or any | other half mensure, would be adequate to cure he existing evils. i ; We pre bave an entire and thorough changa, and @ government armed with power and elothed with responsibility enough to have the laws executed on the one hand, and bear the consequences of their infractions on the other. All these executive officers, these Commissioners, and Superintendents, and heads of departments, who have defied public resentment for years, and quietly gone on making their own fortunes, must be swept away, and their duties entrusted to men whom the Mayor shall appoint, the Aldermon ratify, and the public judge. If, then, ‘the etreots are uncleaned, or the taxes unduly increased by wastefulness, we shall have a public officer to look to—the Mayor—who can avenge us with safety: he can dismiss the offending official and put a new one in his place. If he fails to do this, the law will provide a proper course for his impeachment. Until such a law is passed, no good citizen should cease to impress upon the mind of the public and the Legislature the necessity for a change of this character. Wall Strect and its Prospects. On Tuesday last the financial community were startled by an announcement that a prominent Western railroad, not in the best repute, the Cleve- land and Toledo, had been defrauded in the man - ner that the New York and New Haven road was by Schuyler—by a fraudulent overissue of stock. The rumor was quickly followed by a contvadie- tion from the officers of the company, and cer- tain measures, supposed to be preventive of fraud, being taken by the President, the panic was allayed. tis ofcourse for the public to judge what foundation there may have been for the rumor, and what credit should be attached to the denial: on the face of the record, the Cleveland and To- ledo Railroad Company now appears to be as free from suspicion as any other financial corpo- ration. Efforts made by its friends have done more than efface the evil effect of the rumor upon the stock; and it will no doubt continue as hereto- fore to attract the attention and whet the cove- tousness of the speculative portion of the comuan- nity. At the same time, we have no hesitation in pub- lishing the opinion of many of the best informed persons in financial circles, to the effect that the charge which was brought against the Cleveland and Toledo Railroad Company might with.per- fect yfropricty be advanced against several pro- minent industrial and raflroad corporations It is the belief of the highest financial autbori- ty that not one, but several of the enter prises which are classed as prosperous, and whose scrip is dealt in at the Board of Brokers or on ‘Change, are in fact rotten to the core. and that, like bloated beer-drinkers, they owe their flush of seeming health and soundness to the very canker that is devouring them within. We need be at no pains to designate instances. Every busi- ness man’s experience will point out to him.cnter- prises which, for years past, have been paying regular dividends of six, eight and twelve per cent per annum, when it is mathematically de- monstrable that no such profits can have been earned: when a close analysis of the receipts and expenses (not the public accounts, but the private ones; in the private books, seen only by the di- rectors) would in reality show an annual Joss far greater in amount than the alleged anoual gain. This is not a new subject; but it might as well have never been touched, so utterly blind to the truth does a portion of the public seem. In alt our great corporate enterprifes, such as railroads, two principles have been at work from the origin. ‘The first of these has been the doctrine that the country can afford to build its roads and look for remuneration solely to the advanced value of the lands opened up. The consequence of this principle has heen the extension’ of the railway system to an unexampled extent; no thought being ever taken (except in the State of New Jersey) for the dangers of competition, and road being pushed after road until the United States have more miles in operation than all the rest of the world together. Another consequence of the same principle bas been the establishment of rates of travel not averaging in the Eastern and middle States two cents per mile per passenger; a lower rate, we venture to say, than is in use in any other country. The second principle on which our railroads have been undertaken has been a Wall street doctrine—that the returns should be immediate and the profite enormous, This principle hav necessitated the construction of all our roads on the most hasty and cheapest plan, as is apparent to any one who chooses to examine the bridges, culverts, rails, &c. of a road that has been in operation four or five years. Secondly, this principle has involved many companies in debt, by leading them to pay dividends before they were earned, and even in some instances to pay interest on stock before the road was even stocked. These are the principles upon which our rail- road system hae been based. We need uot say that, whatever soundncss there may be in the first, the ultimate result of the one and the other must be ruin to the companies. This is what renders such stories a+ that in relation to the Cleveland and Toledo serious and alarming. We know that many railroad managers must have been sorely tempted to do such things: we know, too, from experience, that whenever a fraud has been committed, the first vague rumor of the truth is always contradicted with the utmost energy by the parties concerned. Altogether. when we reflect upon the amount of money that must have been lost in railroad stocks within the past three or four months, and when we see that after all no failures have taken place. ane can- not but look with considerable uneasiness upon those enterpri«es with which speculators are con- nected. Proteetion 10 Peer Necnors Travers Apnoav—A fow days sinee we published a deci sion of the Department of State against the claims of certain colored persons, natives of this country, who applied for foreign passports as | American citizens, The application was refused, on the ground that the persons on whose hehalf it was preferred had no rights under the consti- tution as eitizens, and consequently were not cn- titled to the privileges conferred by the passport of the Department. It was intimated, howover, that if the applicants forwarded affidavits to the Secretary of State of their being natives of this country, a certificate would be given to them, which would afford thom protection in the event of their being wronged by any of the govern- ments within whose jurisdiction they might hap- pen to be travelling. (pon the receipt of this communication, Mr. Rice, who acted on behalf of the parties, wrote to the Sectetary of State as followsi— Reda the facts by ver, were ‘od remain, 'y respectfully, Fix ‘ ‘The reply received to the aboye was in the form of eleven certificates, of one of which the fol- lowing is a eopy:— tbat be wes born ip the United Btates; ° Er Redmis ‘aidavit stated by ues Unrrep States ov AvEnws, DEPARTMENT OF Stare, 1.70 WHOM THRSE PRESENTS BHALL COME, GiEETING — that Thomas Lockwood, aged 35 years, large, height 6 feet 1 inch, ohio ordinary, fore- hair woolly, eyes dark, complexion . oval, was born in the Btate of Oonnectiout, . 1, the Secretary” sien Sa eaears ern, 10 and ealy to aid Lockwood, and in case of need to «ive bim all lawful aid and protection, Given under my band avd the seal of tho opartment of State at Wi ) this 1th day of Nov., A. D., Hep saat: the Independence of the United States, the (t #) WM, L. MARGY. The above certificate is to all intent? aad pur- poses as effective a passport as that which is “granted to citizens. It does not, however, con- SHEN? zi i Ff i by the Department of State to parties over whom it desives to throw the shield of its protection, bat who otherwise have no legal claim upon it. It seems to us that a great deal of unnecessary trouble has been gone to in this matter. In En- rope a man’s color is his best passport, The blacker he is the better estimation he stands in. Like the sesame of the pretty milkmaid—“My face is my fortune, sir, she said’—e gentleman of color has only to exhibit his ebony frontis- piece to the Duchess of Sutherland to find all doors thrown open to him, even in “the highest circles.” The African Roscius, Box Brown, the Black Swan, and Miss Webb, of Sutherland House notoriety, required no pass ports. The certificate of the Department in. fa- vor of Mr. Rice's proteges, is, therefore, pure sur- plusage. THE LATEST NEWS. BY MAGNETIC AND PRINTING TELEGRAPHS, Startling News from Richmond, Va. 4 NBW DISUNION MOVEMENT OP THE SOUTHERN NULLIPIERS, Ricumonp, Va., Nov. 14, 1866, The iate disunion menifesto of R. Barnwell Rhett baq much moro in it than what appears upon ite face It is the precursor of s series of disunion ex- periments which will now be rapidly unfolded here, and at other points, as the plot thickens. ‘The latest experiment deliberated upon is = comp état for the control of Mr. Buchanan’s administras tion or the defeat of his election: and if Jecereon Davia ig not the master spirit of this notable scheme, he may be expected to profit by it to the full extent of hig powers. On the first Wednesday in December, the Presidentia Electors elected are to meet in the various States, to cast their votes for President and Vice Presidert. Io the in- ‘terval it is proposed to bring Mr. Buchanan, dy letter, up to the mark of the Southern nullifiers, or to compass bis defeat by giving a sufficient number of the democratic electoral votes of the South to other crndidates ta ‘throw the election into the House. The ruliifers have their fears of the Northern democrats elected to the next Congress in bebalf of Kansas ase free State; and from recent disclosures from Lancaster, they also have their fears of Mr. Buchanan himself, Hence this despe- rate plan of bringing Mr. Buchanan to the mark, or of de- feating bis elecrion. The conspirators do not expect any satisfactory answer from Mr. Buchanan—they <o not de- sire it. Their object is disunion and the spo'is of a South- ern confederacy, They know that, in the vetraya! of the people, by throwing the election into the Bouse they way create an excitement which will result fu the abrupt dissolution of Congress, the suspension of the govera- ment, the secession of the Southern States in » body, and that bloody Southern confederacy which is to be the mil- lenium of their hopes. The late conSdentin! meeting of Henry A. Wise and bis associate disurion Sovthern go- ‘vernors at Raleigh, you will discover by and-bye in- volved something more than treason and revolution im the event of Fremont’s election. Interesting from Washington. ARRIVAL OF CONGRESSMEN AND LOBBY MEMBERS —TBE PACIFIC RAILROAD PROJECT—POLICY OF THE BUCHANAN ADMINISTRATION. Wasuisoton, Nov. 14, 1856. Several members of Congress have already arrived, and are busy discussing the plans for the com.ag winter. A lavish expenditure of public money is antic! pated, and the public ands will be squandered by millions of wcres. The great measure of the session will be the Paci- fc Railroad bill, and all parties from all sections seem to agree upon the policy of constructing the road. The dilfi- culty will be ag to the details of the plan to ve adopted and as to whom the munificent grants shall be made for- the several routes, The old King & Walker,” company bave arranged their cards to play @ desporate game for the prize; butthey cannot win, Even Toxes will \repu- diate their claims since the compeny has paseet into tha hands of # directory composed of New York speculators, who have advertised to sell the stock at five percent. 7 doubt not, however, that some plan will be agreed upon and that a bill will be passed before thejclore of the ap- Proaching session. Aa the policy of Mr. Buchanan’s sdministra~ tion, both foreign ami domestic, has been the subject of much speculation—some correspondents ever going #0 far as to state that Mr. B. had declared such and such to be his views and purposes—it may be tmteresting to learn that, in a letter addressed to am old (riend ‘m this city, the President elect denice baying uttered gne word relative to what would be his , comtenting bimeelf, ‘op all occasions, with pointing to Bis letter of .ceptance. Col, W. A. Richardson, of [ilnois, is now a Von in poll- tical circles bere, and his gallant fight for bie party ig the theme of commendation, especially the plurality” },000 for Bissell. Mr. Slidell, of La., deciares that Co!. Richard. son must be specially cared for, and you krow that air. Slidell speaks er cachedra. ‘The Consulship at St. Petersburg, made vacant by the resignation of Col. James Riley, of Texas, bas been teu- dered to Gen. Walibridge, of your city, but was declined, im Consequence of a pressure of private business, The General would baye made @ noble representative, aut his appointment would bave boon highly grat\iying to the commercial men of the country. Mr. Pennington, Chief Ciork in the Secon’ Auditor's of- fice, was decapitated to day, and the alleged cause was that: when asked to subscribe for electionsering purposes he flatiy declined, saying that he wasa repubfican and in favor of Fremont’s lection. Dr. Cathcarie war ap- pointed im his place, ‘The (reaty made by Mr. Paling, settling the whole Con tral Americam imbroglio, bas been received at the State Department, and will be laid before Congress by the | resident tmmediately on their convening. Senators Toucey of Connecticut and Mason of Virgin arrived to day, Loss of the British Brig Grifin. Baumone, Nov. 14, 1856. ‘The British brig Grin, from Bermuda bound to Malti. ‘more, with a cargo of salt, was stranded at Corritock re cently. The vessel and cargo were totally low. The crew were all saved except the steward, A Post Office Robbed. Bourvato, Nov. 14, 1966. ‘The lost office at Delaware, Ohio, was rovbed on Mon day night of all the letters it contained, and aftorwarde set on fire, but the ames wore discovered in season tov extingvish them without much damage being dove. Robbery and Murder, Borvato, Nov. 14, 1856. Joba Whitney, an old and respectable citizes of London ville, Ohio, was knocked down and robbed of $50 on Teesday night, within forty rods of hit own house, fis skull was fractured by « blow, but he wae able to reach his house, where be shortly aiter died. No cive hae Veen obtained of the murderer. ‘The Loss of the Propeller Toledo Burrato, Nov. 14, 1966. The Feprem thie morning publishes the statement of Samuel Welch and Aquila Gilford, deck hande, saved from the propelier Toledo. The facts stated do aot appear to