The New York Herald Newspaper, September 24, 1856, Page 2

2 Whe Vorth end the SoutheThe Crisis Be- us. To Janze Coupon Buxyerr, Esa — lavail myself of your livers! offer, extended to ‘me, to receive and publish arguments and views re- garding the important questions which divide and distract the country at the present time. Your wi!- Vngnees that a}! sides shal! be heard in the Heraty is honorable to your frankness and fair dealing. In the present discussion, the odds, to my mind, against calm reason appear very great, We find, ‘as you justly.state, that probably 150,000 daily copies of newspapers are issued in New York, devoted toa strictly partizan, and many of them to grossly sec- tiona! views on political subjects, which may be con- sidered of the most vita] importance to the future happiness and well being of the American people. Tp all ages the voice of reason is weak when ap. pealing to an overwhelming tide of fanaticism Jn the present crisis, when we find six daily papers, with such an immense circulation, engaged on one side, and the most of them making inflammatory appeals to the excitable passions of boman natare, and in behalf of the most ultra doc- trines, which direetly tend to destroy the harmony and onion of the country, the inequality of the eoa- test assumes a maguitnde and seriousness t! appeals to the common sense of every patri mind. Tama native born citizen of the United States, with my lot cast among the toiling crowd or masses of this great city, content to labor for my daily bread, and ‘that their advancement and happi. ness would tend to augment the share enjoyed by mysel’. 1 am no politiciao—! never held an office, and never expect to hold one. The chief and high- et interest, and I mig ht say aimost the only stake I feel in the government, is (bat of ite union, because on its perpetuity almost everythiag else short life depends. My interest im the Union, however, is no more to me than it ought to be to every other citizen, whether native or adopted. 1 am aware that this is not a period for ar- guments, however well supported by reason or 12- triotiem, to be heard. Against them at the Norta, 2 as im Burope, are arrayed +e abs’ f the chusch, administered, in many cases, ed clergymen, and also the selii ue individa- noments sbatched 1 or a thondind eges enjoin duties, and those per calied upoa what euch? Yet p sone devoted to a love of the Union are ty the highest appeals of duty to cont they ca its preservation. The North, or hape I should say a large portion of is people, is nct prepared to hear a candid statement of tne differences of opinion between the North and South fairly stated. The people of the Ja*ter section complain that they are daily misrep-esented and condemned at the North, anheard; that every effort ie made to exe mislead and prejndice the minds @f the people azains* them: that their social coadi- tien, their pa’ m, th progress, and, indee 1, pertaining to them, is falsely colored nth is suppressed, and taults da Hence, mutaal hatred, con- e1 estrangement have excuse is there f It i# now eighty-one years since we declared our wmdependence, and sixty-nine years since the adop- ezent co fon; and we but repeat ation of a i ligent men, all world, that in all the history of ace, no people have evey made the reste and enjoyed more universal or a t of social freedom and happiness e United States. This prosperi- the conntry—compared to the not only retardet or marred t bare,on the other nand, largely 9 produce and to sustain. B GOVERNMEST ORE OF COMPROMISES. Atthe very outset of forming a consticution ma- tus) concessions and compromises became necesta- ry, without which no government could have been formed. And that great instrament stands out to @ay as a novle embodiment of patrivtic compro- not sted at the period of its adoption as it It is no worse now than it was then, oor tany time since the cessation of the slave trade in 1808. By referring to Elliot's de bates, and other authorities on the adoption of the Constitution, it wil! be seen that the South proposed wo abolish the African slave trade at once, which was opposed by the New England States, which Wished to extend the period of its termination to 1420, becavse Rhode Island end Massachusetts bad a con- siderable number of vessels profitably engaged in the slave trade, or in bringing Africans from A frie ‘to the Southern States. 4 compromise was faaliy effected, and the year 1808 fixed upon for its term:- ation. NEOROES AT THE SOUTH AS PROPERTY. it bas been urged that slaves are property only under the municipal laws in the States where they exist, and that the Southern people in emigrat- ing to territories of the United States, (which equal- ly belong to all the States of the Union), have no right to carry their slave property with them be- md the State jarisdiction to which they belong. No aseum v0 or argument can be more unsound. Before the present constitution was formed, b; an o dinance of 177, tue very year in which th constimtion was adopted and while the Co: tion was in session, Virginia was indnced to give away. as it were, or to surrender to the free Staies, territory from which the larger free States of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, [linois and Wisconsin, east of the Mississippi rive been carved out. For this immense ¢ of land, from @ great slave State to the ) ern States, who feared the balance of pow thet time on the part of the slave States, the » States, as an equivalent, cast additional gx yond the property in slaves. When i) was nia bad acted with so much generosity, the Convention then in session adopted into the ition, it hesitation, the clause basing jon im Congress partly on slave property, r clause bending and pled. the faith States to ret rite es to their owners. These pledges re what Virginia, for ber-elf and sister States, claimed for the great ces sion of her Northern territory, rescued from the e Injians and French by the bravery of her nder Generals George Rogers, Clarke, Lewis see a History of the Ordinance of Citizen of Ulinois.) atall times, under the constitu- of the free fone property, a States Sopreme from down to the present time, has that slaves were property Our government hae also claimed and recoguized them by the most solemn treaties with fore’ 4 vernmenta as property. During the war of 1s the British forces carvied off a number of slaves from the Southern States. At the conclusion of the treaty of peace, made at Ghent in 115, it was stipulated fiat England should pay for the slave property thus carried off, and the agreemen’ was complied with. Again, during Harrison and Ty ler's ad istration, Mr. Webster, aa Secretary of State, demanded from the British government pry ment for slave property which, by stress of weacher and shipwreck, was landed on a Britieh West uniformly de-ted India island, and which the inhabitants te fused to give ap. In the disenssion, Mr. Web- ster, with lis masterly mind, backed by a train of itresistib arguments, showed that, ander onr constitntion and government, slaves were recognized as property, and the t- ish government ¢onceded the point, and raid over the amount of their value in money, which war given to their owners. Again, the govern- ment bas slweys made the Indians pay for stolen negroes. Tt has also paid for negroes lost or killed in battle. What better evidence do we want of slaves being property, and 89 res 4. nized by the constitation and by every act of the ernment? At the South, as property, they aff iri the mo pid oar to bye ny Widows and 5 hans, and to aged persons w po ~~ upon ther ceviews for et And for abo! tion sts to steal them: «equivalent in orime to stealing the bonds and mortgages of the same class of people at ti North, and destroying them beyond recovery, leav CR ~~ Bay SODTBBES OF SATS KiGHTs, TO BMIGRATE INTO WHICH ARY TRE COMMON PROPERTY OP ALL STATES AND DECLARED TTLSMED® OR OCCUPATION! he view we have taken of the constitation- { the south, the question does not admit THE Ia the right and to enforce the denial by the force of votes iu Congress, or the force of arms in Kansas, woul] be the virtual repeal of the most solemn compacts of the constitrtion. To deny the Southern States their equality of rights in the Ter- ritories would be in effect not only to deny them all equality under the guarantees of the constitn- tion, but in effect to erect or to inangurate the edicts of a bare majority of members in Cor into a government, in the place of the constitution, and for sixteen fiee States to assume exc!usive legislation over the rights and liberties of the fifteen slave States, and hold them as subdued provinces. Thus, under the pre’ext that slaves are not property be- yond the limits of slave States, they change the cou- stitutional government of the confelerated States of Nmited powers into a despotism of the majority, with uniimited and undefined powers. To such a subversion and conquest, should the Sonth sabmic, they would no lovger deserve to be free. This s version of the constitution has been ady indi. ectly attempted by @ reckless black republican ma- ority in the House of Representative is clear that if this majority had a righ* ‘efuse an appropriqtion for the support of the ar- my, they could in the same manner withhold appropriations for the support of every otuer d:- ’ the rnment, inc'ading the pay of ses of the Supreme Court and powers—a state of things never contemplated the framers of the constitution, or by the people the country. Whenever a majority cau b I usurp the powers .f a constitutional the rights and liberties of the smal swallowed up he mere force of large States. 8 extremely ai cans to bear in mind—and muc ers to pnderstend—that our ] a confederation of zovereign States, w der a constitution of well defined and ed baving been reserved for Ameri 9 for foreign pow- by States, i tes of Delaware and bad as great a voice as New Y. sylvania. How ridiculous, then, ! that a majority of the people or their representy- tives, have the right to rule or govera irrespective of the constitution! The idea is a m vous absar- dity. They have vo rightto di citizens oi the United States emigrating iuto Territories. THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONETITUTION. Every American cicizem, native or adopied, is as much bound by egery clause of the constitution as though he had signed it under oath; and any a- tempt to defeat, or to destroy any of its provisions, is virtually ap act of moral treason. ner who swears to support it, and then in the defeat of a single clanse, jonable to his abstract i of philan: the clause to retura fugitive slaves or otherwise, is guilty of perjary. Aud the Mavsa- chusetts Personal Liberty act has placed tua: State in a rebellion and nalhtication of her own act in aflixing her signature u + clorions iustrawent. She has thus declared to lev sister States, "hat though ebe signed the compact sb» repudiates it, virtually placing herself out of the pile of the Union, while claiming t continue in the eajoyment of all its advantages. The cunstitutioa contains provisions for making alterations, aud points out methods for changing its chai All other modes which may be directly or indirectly resorted vo for changing or overthrowing it can ve nothing less than treason in disguiee. THE SOUTH ACCUSED OF THREATS TO Dis UNION, AND AS THE THING HAS NEVER BLACK KEPLUDLICANISM BLINDLY REASONS THaT IT CAN NEVER HAPPEN. The Southern people s2y that their attachment to the Union bas Leen one springing from a patrvotic sen- timent, mavifested jp the late war, and throughout the existence of the government, while they charge that in @ ceceniary point of view the North has re- ceived the greatest advantages from it, they say that they complained of the tarifi's of 1525, 1S32'and 1542, and especially of the two former, which largely dis- criminated st the South, and which came near producing @ revolution in South Carolioa, which was ovly avested by the compromise tariff bill of 1892. ‘The tariff they most complained of--for instance, imposed ten cents per yard on cotton bagging, in- ported ard consumed exclasively by the south. Other articles were taxed in a similar manuer. The South, as a whole, did not threaten disunion to get rid of the unequal taxation. Dhey declared a bare majority in Congress had no right, in viola- tion of the national compsct, to impose such an one- rous and unequal tax—and South Carolina declared the law a nullity. Whereupon the compromise tariff of 132 was adopted, and ail became quiet again, as far os the tartif was concerned. There was not apy disunion sentiment again ex- pressed at the South until David Wilmot s extra- constitutional proviso came up, which in substance proclaimed that the equality of the rights of the South in the Territories—the common property of a. the States—was atanend. This proposition was » very different afuir from the tariff, which chiefly ex- cited the hostility of South Carolina against it. The South consider free soilisia or black republ:- canism equivalent to abolitivsism ia d not only levelled at their, rights le “8, bat against those of the States. s perty, well or ill conceived, has converted the whole fifteen South- ern States into the position South Carolina held against the tariff, and wits tenfuld more bitterness ht feeling. The union of South has never been so great before; and unless ali their public men and newspapers belle them, they can he driven from, and will leave the Union, should a sec- tions! majority, in or out of Congress, in despite of the spirit and letter of the constitution, succeed in depriving them of their coos*itutional rights. Because Geo. Jackson placed himself in hostility against the single State of South Carolina, fifty Gen. Jacksons, or as many Gen. Scotts, woald be “utterly powerless in frightening the fifwen Southern States into submission to the annibilation of their just rights under the constitution. They say that they have six millions of whites, who wonld be thoroughly united, while the North, with twelve millions of whites, would be divided. No candid and well informed man can doubt that it is — for fanaticiem, under the flag of black republicanism, if successful in eaforcing their extra consti onal principles on the Souts, to dissolve this Union. Whatever the ultras of the Nerth may believe to the contrary, there is a sentiment at the South that the people of that part of the country can get on and prosper in a state of separation. Ail they say they claim is,an equality of State rights under the constitution. They disclaim all the ebarges made by the black republicans, of baving made, or wishing t» make, any aggression on the Nerth. They disclaim the idéa that the constitution auth srizes either the for- cible intrusion of slavery iato the Territories, or its forcible expulsion from them. They being the com: mon property cf ail the States, they claim the right ifthey choose, of emigrating bither with their pro- perty. And that to the citizens of a Territory be. iongs the right to decide, whether they wili tolerate the existence of slavery or not. Tie PLACK PLANK OF TBR BLACK REPrRLTUAN PLATFORM. The platforra of the black republicans has a black plank, or a clause which declares that no more slave States shall be admitted into the Union—that is, if Cuba were fairly bought from Spain to-morrow, j would have to come in free, or no; at all. Besides, all the Territories, from the Rio Grande to Kansas, must have inhabitants from the South exc!uded from them: and if they come in as States, they shall only come in as free States,or stay out. and Colone! Fremont has accepted of this platform. While of the Canada’s were bought, they could be taken in Withont objection. Then how can persons condemn the platform and yet sapport him / THE COMPROMISES SINCE THR ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION, The first of note was the Missouri comnromise, adopted in 1820. This remained unbroken antii the acquisition of California, and itsadmission into the Union as a State, in 1860. During the diseassion growing out of the organization of the newly ac quired Mexican territory, the South proposed that the compromise line of 36 deg. 30 min. should be extended direct to the Pacific Ocean, which would haye given a small portion of Southern California to the South. A bill was introduced into the Senate and persed, directing the Or reaching the House, Seward, with other free soilers, wens to bm oe one it -thue refusing on jonger sustain that famous compromie.. It was then declared by Mr. C)) hown avd others that the North had refused to stand by the compromise. and had, in effect, re pealed it; and hence, the subsequent legislation, in ceasing to recopnize it, was only declaring, by an evactment, what had already been done by the in- finence of Mr. Seward and his confederates. They went still further in 1850, and organized the Tor + dipory of yew Mexicv, which lige aputy oF 96 dogy ple baacnrh bed formed Fak State seneseation, & to or exoll very as might elect. act done npthing more lor the people of Kansas than what had already been previously done for Utab and New Mexico. The second compromise was made in 1832, on the oppressive tariff, which was introduced by Mr. Clay. It declared that such a per centage of the tari? should come off every two years for wen years, when a uniform rate of 20 per cent ad valorem should be permanently established. The South say they submitted for ten years to what they cousider- ed a grinding oppression for the sake of Union and peace; but im 1842, when the 20 cent ad valo- rem duties were to benetit them, the North wheeled round and putup the tariflabout as high as it had ever been before, snd which remained in force until 1540, when the present tariff was adopted by the democrats, and which has worked so well for the country ever since. The yeople of the South, therefore, consider that the North cannot justly charge them with bad faith and a disregard of com- promises, FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND FREEDOM OF THE PRESS. The South is aceused of being unfriendly to free- dom of speech. This was not manifested in the days of Patrick Henry, and they contend it isnt now. There ie a wide difference between licentious- ess of speech, intended to lead to insnrrection avd loodshed, and that fresdom of speech recognized ly organized governments and civilized commun) lies, Let ns suppose Messrs, Strickland & Upson sell speeches to the negroes of Mobile, and while se Jing of those inflammatory books they bad persna Jed the ig: norant blacks to conspire against the whires to de troy their lives, burn the town, rob the banks, seize the shipving, and escape to St. Domingo: it would have probably been justified by the Zritune, Times, and other republican papers of tog North, on the ground that it was the trut of the freedom of speeca and the freedom of the press. During last winter a year ago there was as seubdled a larze meeting of laboring men in the Park of New York, who said they could ge: no work, while they and their families were suftering for food amidst abundance. Suppose a Southern inan with money at his command, and fluent of sper hat addressed that multitude, telling them that had been oppressed by the rich, that their wages hat been at best scanty, aud now they were turned of starve while the rich were living in luxury, and that they had redress in their own hands; and suo- pose he had supplied them with arms,and acivised them to open warehouses and help themselves ty TATES A SIGKI, UNDER THE | 3° win., by inserting « clause authorizing the e- ‘sdmit Kansas flour and provisions, and if in want of money, exact it from the banks. This would, in the tlack republican sense of the tern, have been free speech; yes it is whet pablic opinion, and even mauy abulitionists themselves, would have denounced as licentionsness of speech But at the Soutn the suppression of incendiary a» peals of & similar character is denounced as the suppression of the Lberty of speech. And black republicans talk of legitrmate treedow and free speech just ag though either has ever been invaded in any of the States since the adoption of the cou- stitution. WAGES OF LABOR OF THE WHITES NORTH AND SOUTH. There is no part of the South where white labor, and especiaily mechanical labor, is not better paid, and especially in the cotton and sugar districts, thaa itisatthe North, We bave not space to give com. parative tables, which would be quite easy were +t necessary. There are but two classes at the South— whites and blacks-and there is no part of the world where there is a greater equality than there is anong the whites of the South, irrespective of the more conventional distinctions of weaich. EMIGRATION PROMOTED AND WHITE L. MADE MORE REVUNERATIVE BY THE SLAVE LabOR OF TRE SOUTH. It has beea estimated on reliable data that it re- quires between 2,000 and 3,000 ships to transport one crop of cotton, to say nothing of other slave prodacts. These vessels, when reaching Europe, bring back merchandise less balky than cocton—\o- baceo. rice, &c.—~hich leaves large space moces pied, and which they find it profitable to fill with steerage or euigrant gers, at a very low rate of fare--a rate which would be unattainavle were it not for .be large number of vessels engaged in the cotton trade; so that the great intlax of emi- grants at the Norh has been largely pro- moted by the slave labor of the South. Not only o, but the white labor of the North has been large- y promoted and sustained by the South. The ia- borers in shipbuilding nave been benefitted. The abor employed in domestic manufactories, to alarge amount, which supply the South with siices aud hats, ready made clothing, and with a vast amount of machinery, has all been better employed and better paid, on account of the patronage of the fif- teen Southern States, than it possibly could have heen without ft. These facts prove that the interest of all sec- tions are intertwined, and that the country has wade the greatest progress as a whole, in a com- mon Union and under a common constitation. Hence the worst enemy to free labor at the North is that party, by whatever name called, whose_princi- les are most at variance with the constitution and nion of ba ae sey such as Vy deem —, of the black republicans to be. And suppose the negroes once liberated at the South, would they not come in swarms to the North and compete with white labor? So that the very red republican socialists of (ierma- ny and other parts of Europe who have become abo- litionized in the United States, and are en!isted as enemies and fighters against the South, are indebted for their ang Rapier hither and their best support when here to the cotton bales of the Souto. MORMONISM, SPIRITUALISM AND FOURTERISM UN- . KNOWN IN THE SLAVE STATES. One clause of the black republican platform sneer- ingly denounces slavery and Mormonism in the same tentence, Whatever else the South may he charged with, its people have never embraced a single “ism” at the head of this chapter. In all the South there is said not to be found a single Mormon. This mon- strous and beastly sect is exclusively of free State origin. Joe Smith, its founder, was a native of New England and ‘went from the western part of New York to Iiinois, where he Rerecaney g eee ae Brigham Y: the present bi the Charch at Salt Lake, is also from New England, as well asa large number of his followers. The two girls who ori- ginated tne miserable delusiou of ¢piritualisca, belong to Rochester. New York. It is in the North where Fourierite farms and phalanxes are formed, and pone have ever ¢: at the South. Free soilism and all the other isms referred to are more intimately and closely allied than slavery and lormonism. ‘We come next to arguments in favor of the petuity of the Union, drawn from the comm and pecuniary relations of the States, and proc to show, first— THE INTEREST OF THE NORTH IN THE NEGRO SLA VERY OF THE SOUTH, It ia easy to show that the cultivation of cotton in the United States has put the whole country ove hundred years ahead of what it would have beea without it. Not only so, but it has largely con- tributed to the advancement of commerce and c!vili zation over the world. It is estimated that not less than two hundred lions of the inhabitants of the civilized world are now clothed in whole or in part with cotton fabrios supplied by the looms of Europe and America, foar- fitte of the raw mat for which are supplied by the Southern States of the United States, ‘The question of the continuance of négro slavery at the South is not circumscribed to this continent, Vat it is aiso a vital question to England especially, whether she is to continue in the supply of two nul lion bales of cetton aunually, or suffer consequences few have contemplated. It is also a question to Borope and to the civilized world. In 1756 the first foar bales of cotton ever exported from the United States were landed at Liverpool, and were seized by the revenue officers, who believed that they were smog: gled, under the supposition that cotton could not be produced in this country. By the year 1800 the cul- tivation had increased to 40,000 bales, worth about three millions of dollars. From that time to . the present the production has been most extraordinary. The supply in 1855-56 has actually reached, in round numbers, 3,527,445 bales, which, valued at $45 per bale, gives a total value of $158,763,025. Of this supply we have sent over 2,946,201 bales to Earope, England having taken about 2,000,000 bales. The value of the export to foreign countries of the su ppl of 1855-56 has amounted to the eum of about } 33,593,005. Ont of this export the North has received in freights about $11,000, 000. The géods purchased in Europe, based upon the exports of cotton, are brought back, not to the orts trom whence the peg) is shipped, but to ‘orthern porta, and chiefly to New York, where the jobbere or distributors oy, from importers, and by obtaining credit in the city banks are enabled to poy importers after four months’ credit, and at the same time give a credit of six and twelve months to Southern purchasers. The banks are thas kept up to a great extent by the cheap and abondant supply of bills of ex- change, by far the largest amounts of which are drawn egainet the shipments of cotton. And were such a eatestrophe possible that nota bale of cot ton could be exported in six or twelve 5 every bank at the North would be com r| to sun pend specie payments, as every dollar of specie wonld be arava by the bese ans demand. The South being on agrieultaral conntry, the peo- je have Lut little nse for banks, According to the eet seiuas tery age ib tae United Seater aboug NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1856. 1,400 banks. Of these 1,025 are located in the free States of the North, 346 of which are in the State of New York, which have an aggregate capital of $98,000,000. Of this mumber 56 are in the city of New York—the chief importing city of the country. While the sixteen free Sta’es contain 1,025 banks, the fifteen slave States contain only 381. The capi- tal invested in banks at the South is only $107,- 629,263, while at the North it amounts to about $234,464,525. To sustain this immense banking system, the exports of Southern products and the subsequent distribution of imported goods ere absolutely necessary. fhe North also had the largest share of al! the corruptions growing out of banks, from over-issues, connterfeit bills, &c.; and iv the fal! of the United States Bank in Phila- delphis, frem mismanagement, the South was a heavy loser. Whole fortanes in Charleston and other Soutbernm towns, where its stozk was largely held, were swept off. i ‘We thus see that the North is Jargely interested in slave labor as a means of sustaining its banks, and eels those in its seaport cities. 'o what extent manu/actorers, mechanics an‘ la- borers at the North depend upon slave labor for sup- port it is difficult to say. There are three millions of slaves. We may ask, from whence are their shoes, hats and the chief pars of their clothing obtained? The answer is, at the North. From whence does the South obtain its plantation tools, with saw and grist milly, cotton cleaning and sugar gzinding machinery? At the North. From whence aie its chiet supplies of cattle, breadstuffs and provisions drawn? From the frre States of the North and West. Where are th» coasting vessels, the ships in the export trade of the South, and the steamboats employed in her waters, bails and owned? Almost exclusively at the North. Where are the principal cotton domesti: goods produced for Southern consumption? at the North. Massachusetts, alone, last year, pro- duced $36,000,000 worth of cotron gonds, the chic? consumption of which was at the South. We can only, therefore, count the interest of the North ia the negro slavery of the South by millions, aa- nually, giving employment to thousands upon thousands of daily liborers, over the who e North, who are taught by the black republicans the mon strous falsehood that the South and its slavery are their worst enemies and oppressors, and that al! this immense annual interest must be sacrificed for the abstract dogmas and clap trap nonsence of shrieks about freedom, They declare that the slave ower must be resisted, when at this very moment ‘he President, witha majority of both honses of Con- gress, are from the North; and of the three candi- dates for the Presidency toe South does not present one, the whole three being citizens of the free States. The exports of Southern predusts during the on year may be set down as follows:— TE as sss anes aveat: sete ee eee es + 0$133,5583,005 Tobacco, (eetimated to be the same as ljast vear)..... Gilad wave wiqup side 80046 14,000,000 Rice and naval stores, lumber aad GS coNa across ‘ sum the North, it is estimated, clear profit of not lesa than 30 per cea. Some fix the amonnt hb as 33 per ceat; but take the former sum, an will give for one year alone a protit to the North of $45,000,000, of which sum $11,000,000 was paid in fi & Black republicanism, would say perish ali this, and the Union rather than their dogmas should fall to the Suppose, after all, that they could sv destroying the Union, and in overthrowing a! prosperity and happiness on the part the whites as well as the blacks of whe- ther free or bépd, would the negroes be any better off? Not at all; but they wonld be inti- nitely worse oft than now. Then what madness to — this sectiopal crusade. Taking the value of exports for a att five years as 2 test of the nation’s progress fn wea'ti and prosperity, and what bave the slave States con- tributed to that result in that time? After wading throogh a large mass o. official statistics, we tind that the Squth bas exported as follow: Jotton. . ’ eee 1, 6,683,907 4 This immense sum is exclusive of naval stores, staves, lumoer, flour and grain. During the same peri? the whole amount of breadstufls exported (part supplied by the south) was only $680,499,525. THE EXPORTS OF THE SOUTH HAVE ADDED TO THE NATIONAL DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY. The 2,000 to 3,000 ships employed in the transpor- tation of bulky Southern products necessarily af ford a school for the rearing and training of a vast number of sailors, who are absolutely necessary to man, our veseels of war, and especially in sime of foreign hostilities. Assuming the number o! sh'ps required for the transportation of one year’s yield of Southern prodace, to be 2,500, the average number of sailors and officers to man them, to be 25 each, we shall find that these ships annually employ a marine force of 62,500 seamen. When our government was applied to by foreign governments to know if we would abolish priva- teering, the proposal was declined, because those 2,000 or 3,000 cotton ships, in time of war, could be readily enlisted a¢ a formijable fleet of privateers- men, and add greatly ‘0 our national detence. In this point of view the transportation of Southern oe is greatly more important to oar shipping terest than the conveyance of gold as freight. One or two large vesseis cou!d transport all the gold that bas been, or probably ever will be, shipped by all the gold fields of Caifornia or Australia. WEAKNESS AT THU NORTH P2OM ELEMENTS OF AN: ARCH, WHICH, WHEN STRONGLY DEVELOPED, CAN ONLY END IN MILIPATY DSSPOTISM OR THE ONE MAN POWER. The tendency to the occumulation of wealth on one hand at the North, and the progress in poveriy and pauperism on the other, are every year on the increase, and drawing a broader gulf between the two extremes. There is as wide and almos! as im- passable a gulf hetween the crowded and squallid tenants of the Five Points, Cow Bay and avenue A and Fifth avenue, as there is between Saffron Hill and bt. Giles, in London, and the purlieus of Apsley Howe or Bucktngbam Palace, this difference : the men of the lower crust in New York have a vote oe the property and welfare of the nabobs of the Firth avenue, while in London they have not. Nov only so, such has been the in-rease of pauper. isa in New York of late years, thit Mr. Headley, the Secretary of State, in his late re stated that the paupers supported at the public expense were equal to one in seven- teen, Or in other words, every seventeen persons have to snpport one pauper, and he says that, shou d uperism go on increasing at the same ratio, that In titeen years hence every five persons will have to support one pauper. Thee a all possess the right of snffrage. and can vote, or legislate over the property of tuose at whore expense they are supported. Panpers get to believe that they havea right to be supported by the property of producers, aad they will claim their share, by voting for \emagogues, or by violence. In an issue of this kind, those who have roperty bad rather share it with # military man or limited monarch for protection than to divide it with panpers and anarchists, who can only despoil them and leave them without protection. At the South, the anarchical element is supplied by the blacks, who possess no_ political power of voting, and aspire to no political influ- ence. Hence, pauperism is almost aaknown in the planting regions of the South and such a thing asa poor house is unseen. Because,let crops be deatroyed, barvs burnt, or things go as they , the owner of slaves is compelled to feed and clothe his slaves; and if he cannot do so he ia compelled to transfer them by sale, or hire them to those who can. On the contrary, if the manufacturers of the North are pinched by bard times, or have their factories burnt, they can at any moment turn off 500 or 1,000 healthy and able operatives, whore labor contributes to support the aged, infirm, sick and feeble women pnd children, who must then live by the charity of the public, or starve. Every year sordid capitalists are adding to the pauper population of the North, and compelling those who never shared in the pro- fite of © live labor to contribute to their sup- port. The anarchical elements of New York pre- vail in the same ratio in Philadelphia and Bos:on, and will spread and augment as population and wealth at the North are angmented. The South, at all times, fas been the most demo- cratic and most conservative part of the Union. The first developement of the anarchical element at the North is seen in the corruption and extrav; oe of its legislation. This element is most developed in New York, whose city expenditures show that the agents of the people on the anarchical side have made free ure of the public meaty. ‘This feeling of ex- travegence has been carried by the North into Con- gress, a8 well as into their Ley res. The South, on the contrary, have held back both at Washington end in their Legislatures, as will be seen from the following comparison of the debts of the free aad slave States: — THE DEBTS OF THE FRU STATES, { Debts of the sixteen free States, acccording to statistics carefully compiled by the American Alma- nac, with a population of twelve millions, to January and May, 1865, amount to the sum of $130,400,388 15 Debts of Northern cities, of which New York, Boston and Philadel- phia owe ($30,000,000)... coe. OST 590 00 Ronds isened by counties in the free BONS ecvisivsicverTvovievisvece COUMO® rrr ——te TOTAL POPULATION (PREF AND SLaVE) OF THE SOPTREAN STATES. Total population. Se aa ‘i 757.281 Total debts of the 15 slave Swates. $57,045,432 00 Total debts of Southern cities. ot which New Orleans and Baltimore swe ($23,220,157)... .. 29,518,198 00 Bonds issued by counties nune. bOI errr $116,166,630 00 The total exports of the North for the past year, taken from official records, were abont $120,000,000, inelnding the reshipment of Southern products, while the exports of Southern produce amounted Difference in public debts in favor of aus the South. ++ $77,581,349 Difference in exporis, do... .. $33,683,005 The U. S.census of 1850 shows the average of wealth per head is greater at the South than at the North. South Carolina and Louisiana show the argest average of any States in the Union to popn- ation. And according to population it is greater n Kentucky than in Ohio. The destructien of the South would be the over- throw of the strongest conservative elemeat in the national government, so that the unthinking multi- titude, misguided by fanaticiem as they are, in working for the overthrow of the South and with it the Union, are only working for their own ultimate enslavement, and of those to come after them. In seeking not to improve but to rain the negro under abstract himbugs of equality and fraternity (of blacks and whites), they are only striving to en- slave the whites, ia the blind crusade in favor of the negro. Hence the old adage of “whom the gods with to overthrow they first make mad.” If let alone time will settle the whole question. At the well known satio of inerease, by the end of this century we shall have one hundred millions of whites against some fiiteen or twenty millions of blacks. By that time the acclimated whites will be compelled to seek the labor now performed by blacks, when the latter will gradually perish, or disappear, as they have dove in New York and other places. Were they fieed to-morrow, their extermination would only be accelerated, and to the incalculable injury of the whites. 10 PRODUCE THE UNBXAMPLED PROSPERICY OF EIGHTY YEARS UNDER OUK PRESENT CONSEITUTION AND UNION, ALL PARTS OF THE COUNTRY, LIKE A VAND OF BROTBERS, HAVE NOBLY COMTRIBUTED— THE NOK AS L ASTHE SOUTH, THB WisT AS WELL aS TOE FAS’ Ifthe cult “cstton at the South has pat the country one hundred years in advance, com* mercially and financially, of what it would have heen without it, New Engiand has been the means of putting the country vastly in advance «in education to what it would otherwise have been. The example of her free schools has now be- come almost universal over the Union. The enter- prise of the North ia internal improvements his been the means of giving a vast impulse to the same spirit in every part of the country. The use- ful inventions in arts and sciences of the North have been of great national advantage, and espeviatly to the South. Her great men have belonged as much to the South as to the North. The victories of Hull and of Perry were matters of as much joy to the opie of the South a8 to the North. The discover- ies of a Franklin, of a Whitney, of a Fulton. or of a Morse are as much admired and boasted of at the Sou.h as at the North; not because they were sec- tional, but because they were American. The tri- ompb of Northern built oceaw steamers and packets, with the triumphs of the Grinnell exploring expedi- tions, to which they contributed to fit out, are mat- ters of pride and hoast to the Sonth a3 well as to the North, because they belong to America. Like bro- thers, ufi@er Washington, arm jn arm, they went through the Revolution for I; ndence. Like kindred patriots, they went throngh the war of 1512, and rejoiced together over victories won on the fields of Sara’ . Lundy's Lane, New Or- leans, and in Mexico. But, oh heavens! what do we now witness’ Brethren of one country, of one race, and of one destiny, engaged in bloodshed and civil war. And for what? About a mere abstract idea relative to negroes! Is it thus, and for such insane fanaticism, that the descendants of the Han- cocks, Shermans, Henrys, Greens and Lees must pee daggers into each other's bosoms? (God for- id! Far better and more glorious it have been for them to have fallen before the enemy on the plains of Chippewa, at the breastworks of New Oxleans, or in storming the heights of Chepultepec. _By stabbing each other ‘in this insane con- flict in Kansas, we are stabbing the constitution and Union of our common country, the of our own firesides and the progress of human liberty under the yoke of despotic governments throughout the world. Shall we pause or plunge over the ‘ice ? Let others do as they may. My ¢ |» now and forever, shall be pro-constitution and pro-Union. Joun Hancock. Our Havana vorrespondence, Havana, Sept. 10, 1856. Attempted Mecape of Chauncey and Winn—-Their Return to Confinement—Sufferings and Wan- devings—How American Citizens are Treated Under Spanish Rule—Conspiracy Againt Saint Domingo. The unfortanate victims who are held to illustrate Spanish justice—Chauncey and Winn—have been returned to Havana to wear ont thar term of service. They left the place of their imprisonment on the Island of Pines, and after wandering from concealment to concealment for forty-three days, through ewamps and woods never before penetrated by human beings, witbout fluding any means for embarcation upon the sea, and enduring much suffering from hunger and exposure, they were compelled to give themselves up to the anthori- ties. They were treated with much kindness by the few people they dared to approach, and often re- ceived unexpected food and clothing from their hands, although it was with personal hazard to those who dared tobe #0 kind. A id As 1 have before had occasion to remark, cruelty is not so muzh in their sentence and its ri execution, asin the fraud upon justice, perpet by her ministers, in not having punished all alike. Seven others, Spanish and Portaguese, were in pre- cisely the same circumstances ot criminality, with their own free will, while with the two Anierican sailors there is no reasonable doubt but that the: were deceived into shipping on board of the vessel, and that they did not really know the natare of the voyage until they were nearing the coast of Africa, when their own safety and return compelled them to keep with the vessel—there was no alterna- tive. Aguinst the Spaniards taken in the act, and notorious from previous service in the iniquitous trade, there was no testimony to be found, and were discharged by their noble triers; and the American seamen taken at the same time, with no more testimony against them, were sentenced to tour years (1 think) pr io. One would su that General Concha's “ sense of justice,” which is said to be ex- ceedingly large and well developed in his character, would intervene with mercy, to save these men trom further punishment—bad company, and that invo- luntary, being theic greatest crime. Ast 4 have attempted to get away, in the exer clive of their imperative nataral rights, itis in ac- cordance with Spanish law to double their term of gu ln 4 as they Lecrigry ee of their own ac , it is probable the transgression may be blotted out. We expect tosee them in the “ chain gang,” unless the Captain General saves them through his clemency. As every day gives us new arrivals from Africa, and sailors engaged in the trade are every hour upon our wharves in search of employment in the same business, it seems a mockery of the purity of justice to keep these men in prison; but they are ci s of the United States, which — L) — for gp fone by an ne ish mal ity. ave in justice of General Concha, 4 he is not too much shores in the plotting intrigues and revo! plans of Segovia for the return of the Dominican repubtic to the cover of the pure and most royal—garments at Medrid. I think the my and aid intended for Costa jights diverging from the Court ? Rica, under the new of St. James, will be given up, all but the prayers, which charity, mingling the fears of our chi- velry, (even best, its skeleton of fear created) will offer at the shrine of national vanity, with due ceremony in our churches. HAVANA, Sept. 12, 18% Maii Communication with New Orleans—A New Speculution-— A Planter's Lowe Spoiled —A Smart Son—Crime and Outrage--A Spanish Exile Expected—Executive Economy. The Empire City arrived here from New Orleans on the 16th inst., without, however, bringing a mail from that city. The inconvenience sustained there- by by our mercantile community trading with that city, is greater, perhaps, than would be imagined. ‘The steamer, I am told, waited fall ten minutes be- yond the appointed time for the mail, but it not ar- riving, she left without it. 1 beg to hand you herewith an editorial article ex- tracted from the Diario dela Marina of the 5th inst. Previous engagements, however, do not per mit me to attempt a translation of it entire thie pune, On@ epnience I cannot avvid, uevervae. less, rendering into English. Tt says: —“!f the pe odicals of the United States and their reade@ wish found their opiniuns of Spain on the notions with whi the English press supplies them, there is nothing ¢ traordinary at theirarriving tse deplorable a resul It isno part of my duty to defend the Eng)ise pre yet I cannot avoid the observation that, as respe the affairs of continental Europe, it is, genera speaking, tolerably welt iutorined. The periodicals the United States, however, need not be indebted the English press for their knowledge of the alfa of Spain. We have established here an insurance compa for the insuring the psy: tof the month!y rents houses, & Thie will doubtless prove a dt speculation; but it appears to me the ne » such au institution nogbt be prevente:) lords compelling payment of @ month's rent advance. The following piece of gossip has been one of t chiet topics of conversation amongst the ladies rhe circle in which I mingled for the past two da —One of our wealthirss Cseole planters widower, named A. He has residing w him ® married son, whese Christian name beg with the letter M. There was also ia the widow family an English lady, whose character was ) roachable, who filied ‘the position of hous-keep ‘he widower, it appears, hac become smitten w the charms of this lady, and made her an offer marriage, which, of course, was not refnse sou, M, obtaining a glimpse of his father’s int tion to marry the housekeeper, proposed to the] to make a visit to one of bis father’s estates fo week cr two, which offer was gladly accepied, 4 arrangements made for their departure on a sul quent day. The son, M., then siyly ceeded to obtain the reqnisite passy enable the lady housekeeper to island, and on the appvinted morning pretended trip to the country, accompanied oy in the volante, the lady, tu her suprise, foun self driven to the wharf, where M., leaving the riage, politely handed the lady out, presented with the pemPtt, saying, “Madam, your» to England is paid in th i peakee pointing] the English steamer. The} first obje sted] go on board, referring to the uer cagement for a series of years, and to the «m of wages due her. “I have provided for tnat, dam,” replies M., handing her a purse of g which, from its size and weight, fully assured lady it contained a sufficient sum to defray just deman: She stepved into a boat, M stil companying her,and they were rowed 09 }oard English steamer, where M. bid the lady ‘*h voyage,” und took his departure. Our wi widower missed the lady, but permitted the « pass without making sty inquiries after he next morning, at breskfast, did so (the Hn portet having balk me, do you nearly overturned. “But I'll show who | d—n_ please, and uext year I'll go to Eng! and marry ber there.” Wheth+r the old gentleman will do so, course, doubtal; but, as La fontaine says, Amour, amour q aod tn nous tiens, Op peut biep dire acieu prudence And shonld be do so, it wil! not be the frst ove in which an elderly gentleman, forgetting wealth and position, has married his housek+ep The Spanish mail steamer Colon arrived Cadiz on the 9th inst., bringing a new Captal the Port. This office apparently is only to be for twelve months. Rotution in office is 0° never objected to. $ One day last week two men entered one coaches that convey passengers from the o! at Regla to Guanabacoa, and when they had gi the top of the hill just beyond Regla they st. the coach, tied the driver, and quite system ati proceeded to rob the other passengers; haviug which they quietly returned to Regla and thie A few days since a salve guardia was tou one of the streets of Guanabacoa with his ti eported that Orense, Marques.de \! the head of the republican party in Sain, !.:s| banished to this is! , and may be ted to arrive. Rather a troublesome er, oa teed Marques de la Habaua The Captain General having heard of th scription which was being entered into amos; military to give a grand féte in his honor, ; which I informed you in one of my lervei month,) immediately issued orders that no su: tertainment should take place. Thus the ott’ he army will save money which few of them fford to spend. Havana, Sept. 15, | General Concha’s Tour in the Provinces— Fetes in n+ Crvz, due since the 9th inst., and it ts said by tis ut the British Consula’e that rhe will probab'y s° day, having been detained for the arrivai of tne train from the city of Mexico. General Concha, family and gulte arrived from tas last night a 83¢ o'clock, tn the Spanish war « Jeabel 1], The accounts at hand of the recepri theee distinguished personages by officiala of the ment and citizens of the district show that nothiny undone to contribute to the honor and the pleasure Masses were Cone in all the couree thing passed off well, 20 lives citement among those who have families of the government of Concha. What m been determined by the political council as to 1b of Cuba, or the annexation of St. Dommgo, we to learn through the palace sicves. ~ The war schoocer which was wre Segue, le of the 27th of Al was to this port on 11th inst., by the Spanish war General lezo, having lost her masts, quarte; es clean and bull strained, taking | eely. ‘tant week nearly a whole family were niard, had become enamored with « chair and will deal the penalty of one life tor several. our market is rather languid, without decline in quotations. bear of no new caser— streets are hot more alth, ty, in this morning at half. pret New York, four days eighteen hours, leaves at for Mob'le. She brings for Havana s large liet of gers, mostly retur: Lima, Aug. A Now Eldoradr— Astounding Accounts of Nev 6! coveries: in Bolivia, South America—A& Rushts Mines, he. pen the arrival of the steamer trom the © jost placed |p possession of rather startling ne discovery of a new California near the city of Cc ‘ba, in Bolivia, and about 100 leagues from 1, nearest seaport, ‘The accounts of the discovery of a gold tel! to eclipee cither Californfa or Australia, or both paturally would create an immense excitement | therefore pot str “*rushipgs’’ to the are said to be at raid that (from cauge unknown to me) no pers) after noon My that eighty ounces per day js th, mane ir The first intimation ef the discovery reached tile bouse in Tacna immediately before the de he steamer, by a letter written by & person oF “st respectability, ‘There bad not been time fo i tmation of the glorious news. People would do well not to place too notwithstandipg the The Steamer Khersonese at Newfou A Little More St {From the St. J The Khersones pool, which she left at her statod tims, a fine boat, but it le evident that she is claes which Will be required to carry out the in which the company lave embarked, and, i Jong voyage will, we should think, piace ali doubt in the minds of the company, them to make immediate arr for Proportionate power to that ot the Persia, 50 may with certainty be depended on to arrive eee, fn sufficient time to send the intelligen: gor. wo Mp Bid the fleetest boat be ‘wnard oF an: line can possibly reac' a _ dvoe to moet the and we feel satistied that the present and im) ‘ot undertaking, are not men into other hands, when, by promptly takin, Measures, an! putting oo annropriate boats, 1) Certain to ensure a suceesetul resuin,