The New York Herald Newspaper, August 24, 1856, Page 2

— ‘44 2 NEW YORK HERALD Sn ncn ESRC nnn en ES rr SSRI mE en? aaa) ribs t anal- racked, elevated, deprested oF from its attach- Mr. Frederick L. Hawks, of Honolulu, a stip’ Pp, cruising for whales in the vicinity of the Reasons for Supporting Fremont. —_ reserhicd (ans of menage ams uch am tenia snd adjustments 10 the ia tach | sit Thame Keown em ta youn, und in Bowe ts ine Bourbes: and being familar with, tho Tooality of TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Heads ‘apis ~agi dy ny AK | eee. arooeee sounde and con: | taligenh oder rationn can Pie, {ie snas'day | in Febroarg, 1018, obsarwed five inulne froma te erar. Rieggpres, Marea. owns Ang, 26, 2088 Pak fy ee Gnd Feard during « former riled Thad elt | or eptember, 1860. thirty-one” days alter” the | — Ihving maf receut visit to the city of Gravade, ia Nica | .Haviog uoticed through the Washington organ « tirade saemities of « waale ve bes the a of a energy, Hee eeting, impressions on my hervous system wore err.ption commenced on ty top of the mountain. | ragua, ‘an opportunity, at a distance of twelve miles, | of abuse against you for merely expressing the opiniow bar profes segura and | ree naie the da Sune af Dagan ween #8 alia | snr would b's grentbeeaih some age shot iht | ‘sed, ‘are made’ two dave ‘raviualy, (0. taese | sre Seid, = Seakaeen Wk hoes Tea we: | iat en conte in tha North wan conned te Yomuanband ¢ ‘of ice follow the tidal action of te sea. reesure WO! 80 g) some huge Bot are ie 2 . Mr. , "i if — nee ee oe wae _ wane It is not, however, the ier,ualities of the earth’s sur [would crack across, or from the centre to the sides, ) of Mr, Sessions.) For three weeks the whole yelling, ad me at August or Se) oa Buchanan, and naleg nrMit eee * Protozoie Age of some of the Altered Rocks Oey mm | face, cons trating wtet is “called its physical geography, and become ap ch i ba tgp os would gape ang, | chaei Pe ee wiles gy gg La id dest e. -4 wt 2 5), vo eet, canes A the fact, ra Pot eae rn P you Massachusetts from Fossils recently discovered. "? fo which I w raw * vientitic attention in this paper ; | the sides become sl c. operation was simu. | is called” the ige—! fede Ad. pa Sgt dod to | my experience " but the causes and torr ; bh the «| physica’ | lated the method by which, in of the glol fluid lava bad flowed up to the of the eastern cliffs | burn e, resent that Iam a is well known that the altered Sates and gritty rocks | Dut the causes ans Cores by which the Eran Paden. | ten formed “cauons,” ‘chasms hd cute inmagsatars | that slope out ike aie pit and | ernor of the Island of Ometepec, in Lake Nicaragua, in- | I will state, by way of preface, ‘Virgiaian crust have been pro’ yueed, and by which mountain range: and ocean bottoms must be revolutionized from cycle to cycle hereafter, and become modilied in aspect ant elevation and ‘.p fitness for the creation and distribution fose.i evidences of a paluzoic age, alt a ‘position, been ‘3 0f organization. = system pr png berg see egy Be It is wel), known that in the month of August, 1855, ‘he metamorphic condition of beds. ly, trace. | 2¢ loty dome of Mauna Loa, in Hawaii, opened near its » summi", and poured forth @ torrent of lava so fluid the: it re, at first like water down the gentle slope of a me yptain, and only ceased the last of February, after P owing between sixty and seventy ma tortuous stream from one to four miles wide, which reached a Jeint abene six miles from the shore of Byrou’s bay. Be- ng at that time in San Francisco, and interested i: the study of volcanic phezomena tn relation to the dynamics and geverai physics of the globe, as before alluded to, I felt anxious to witness this wonderfai spectacle as an 9u- ‘ect of observation and instruction. It was not until tate generally, ‘fable, no doubt, to the sionitic and other igneous masses dy which they are traversed or enclosed, would natur- forbid the expectation of finding im them any distin- ‘bie fossil forms. Lately, through the kindness of Peter Wainwright, Enq., residing in the neighborhood, I have been led 10 examine a quarry in the belt of silicious and argillaceov, ‘late which lies on the boundary of Quincy and Bro‘n. twee, about ten miles south of Beaton, and to my ‘reat ba armed delight, I found itto be a locality of tri’\obite. ‘appears that for several years past the owne of the quarry, Mr. ©. Hayward, and his family,have be on aware ‘ef the existence ef these so called images {m the rock, ‘which from time to time they have quarried us a ballast- fing wa crial for wharves, Dat until Bow the, locality has ‘remained entirely uaknowa to science. ‘The fossils are in the form of casts, Pome of themef tnd size, and lying ®t various levels in the strate. far as I bave explored the quarry, they beleag chicty, had travelier m Hawati, relative to the ‘best route for a h examination ofthe new crater and the great lava ‘which threatened Hito with destruction. With the ‘kindness this ee geeee* drew maps gave me writen directions of various sorts, and I had made large preparations for along and arduous jour- ney to the summ't-of Mauna Lea from the valley Lowa the lofty mountains of Kea and Huddalai and orees, aad yack utlocks at Waimea, abott four i an ua 8 at mea, adou' - {een matics trom th ok of Kawaibe, and after reach- ing the lava stream many miles further on to cross It, if poesible; but if not, to ascend ‘beyond, pass the summit of Mauna Loe, aud reach Hilo by way of the old crater of Kilanes. I bad anticipated an interesting, although a yenturesome journey, through a wild and pictu ae country abounding m wild cattle, and was well provided for it with provisions and accoutrements. ‘But on arriving about tea at the mission station of Rey. Mr. Lyons, ‘where ] was kindly entertained, and at Mr. Parker's, some wiles further on, at the base-of Mauna Kea, whose hospi- table roof was reached about nine o'clock by moon- ligtt, every ment was offered to my undertaking. Not only was the jou as one of the most difficult in the world, hay once in the memory of man, and then by the King, Dr. Judd and suite, years ago, at the expense of many horses and mucn hardabip; but all the guides who accompanied them were dead, and no attendant could be obtained to y me. Althoogh much di inted, I was compelled, after a day’s delay, to take the road to Hilo, and from commence my explorations. encountered disappointment, | edly « paradouides. speak, farther than \oremark that Lue specimens agree mere ag with Sarrandi’s perspinosus than with any rm. ‘The rock in which these fossils occur is © compact dense, rather time grained, bluish gray or elive pi ‘argiliuceous slate or slaty sandstone, coutaiming little or no carbonateof lime. In the quarry it displays two ‘of jownta, in one of which-are seen the usual parallel mark- ‘gs, due to the movement of contigueus surfaces upon each other, under preseure, and it is much brokea up by orreguler cl planes. The strike of the beds appears to ‘We adout N. 70 £., and their dip towards the N. and W., at an angie of avout fifty degrees. The narrow belt of slates ond grits of whi the fossiliferous slste forms a part, extends tor some distance towards the N. aad E., ‘and has also, it is said, been traced for several miles iu ‘the opposite direction , but as yet the discovery of fossils bas been confined to the one locality. Crossing the belt, however, to the N. W., or in the opposite direction, we find the slates and grits to become more indurated and otherwise moditied, and then passing into beds of a semi- crystalline character, to give place to rauges ef sienite. ‘Thus the foesiliferous belt is actuality mcluded in this part of is course between great masses of igneous reck, and i is pot a ule surprising tl under conditions se favor- 3 g he ti fossil impressious should ‘On arriving at Bilo | again Fnac ea aaa gman ald | sor the rains bad set in: the summit of MaunaKea, the ‘In regard to the distribution of the genus paradonides, | Bearest mountain, was covered with snow the night be- Barrsudi in bis great work, “The Systeme Silurien de fore, and I could procure no white man to accompany me, nor reliable natives who could ‘the English lao- guage to act as guides. After consulting with Rey. Titus Coan, however, an old resident of Hilo, and an experi- enced observer of the volcanic demonstrations of Hawaii, 1 found that my knowledge of the phenomena of eruption ‘would not be increased at that late period by the lopg and hazardous excursion to the top of Mauna Loa which I had all along contemplated. He announced to me the important circumstance, Bud & very agreeable to the residents of Hilo, that the crater had in a great measure ceased its activity, and that for a week the stream of lava had advanced only a few yards. ‘At night I could see a lurid light a few miles from Hilo, im the direction of Mauna Los. This was occasioned by the bi shrubbery or trees that the lava had em- braced in the forest, and which, on becoming dry, would Boheme,” bas tue following tmportant obser rations: — “In the genus paradonides characterizes ex- the primordial fauna, aud do@ not extend Deyond our protozoic schists (C). The twelve species which we have determined divide themselves almost equally betwoen the two slaty belts of Ginetz and Skrey, and two are common to them both. In these two beits we the paradenides spinosis in all the localities which we afforded fossils, while each of the other species is restricted to a few points, principally these of Ginetz and Skrey.”’ “In Sweden the paradouides belong exclusively to the mentioned. The region A, is the most fossilife rous belt of Sweden, as it rests directly on the azoic rocks. “In Great Britain, we know, accordi to the papers | flowed on far them. From the crater no light of Mr. Salter, that’paradonides have been found in | was visible, but during day and night a great cloud of Trappean group, (Liugular Flage of the Survey,) poured trom the lower poi its linear ef is the oldest fosstliferous rock of Wales, on the avoic sandstone of Harlech and Bar- 1s, therefore, perfect agreemeat in these three rogions as to the geological horizon of I of the genus now under consideration. This agreemont j during the earlier displays of this wonderful eruption, ‘soquires stil) further importance trom tho affinities dis- | and it is not my intention to at his description, but to played equally and everywhere by the other types which | give my own ‘mace ‘at a much later period accompany the paradonides; or iastance, ia we id ave o'enus and conocepholites, iu England olenus as ved in the trappean group.” ie one Ube genus paradonides is peculiar to the lowest ofthe paleozoic rocks in Bohemia, Sweden and Great marking the primordial division of Barrandi acd the Lingular Flags of the British Survey, we will probably de called upon to place the fossi belt of Quiacy and Brain- tree—on or wear the horizon of our lowest fossileferoas: to say, somewhere about the level oi the prima! rocks, the Potsdam sandston: jusions, I hope, may lead to more extended and sys tematic researches into thie —— of physics, aud to the discovery ef the laws which control invernal dy- namics of the globe and of the other bodies of our system. Matter several conversations with Mr. Coan, sees up the ‘andstone of Owen, containing dikelocephalus, in Wis | my pian of ascending to the new crater, or ri and Minnesota. Thus for the first time, are | series of cight new craters elevated on a longitudinal fis- hed with data for Sxing conclusively the } gure near the summit of the mountain. These are formed wale age of any portion of this tract of ancient and | at about 12,000 feet above the sca, and at a distance jro- bably of Gfty miles trom Hilo, The terminus of the lava stream was in a dense forest, about six miles from the chore, and to this Mr. Coan very kindly offered to accom pany me, and to spend a night and two days in auy cx- plorations I might desire to Take. pay = aanteyy wees ts ._ Our path wound (UBYhs snowy summit of Manna K elling tar into the sky op dome of Mauaa Loa ahead. in consequence of its gontie slope, the broad landscape, and the great distance of the sum- wit from the districts below. Having ogg the woods for a long distance on horseback, we previous visiters had altered sediments, and what is more, for defining regard to this region the very base o! the paleozoic jamn, and that too, by the same fossil inscriptious col ‘which mark it in various parts of the Oid World. to the occurrence of paradonides in the pro tozoic rocks of Europe, Barrandi observes } em hed gt beet, ake BORUF Cc rth American forms, such as para donides Boltont and Par. Harlaui, &. The first of ‘these is known to be a sichas, and we kuow nothing of the others. The care with which J. Hall has described ‘the trilobites of the lower silurian rocks of the country im question, is sufficient proof that he had not discovered any trace of Par. at the time of publisbing the first volume of the Pal. of New York.” I may add to this that in no subsequent publicat‘on bave | seen any reference to the finding of fossils of this 2 the rocks of North America. f the most ns facts relati the Quiucy and Buintree belt i the Par. Harlani, deseribed by Groen in his monogr Morth American trilobites. This d to a clearing where camped for the night. Here we unsaddled the beasts, and taking attendants and provisions of food and water, picked our way through a half made and tangled path in a direc- » where Mr. Coan had last visited the lava stream. fter proceeding near a mile through a dense, moist, tro- I suddenly found myself stepping trom it and embowering foliage on to a broad river of black and rugged lava, the air above which was quivering, and intensely agitated by the radiations from g to the trilobite o: ty with knows locality, procw me twenty-five ¥ ago by | ite cooling surtace. My first impression was that of an- Dr. Harlan from the Kien of our well Known mine | gpeakable amazement at #0 startling and great a change Talogist, Mr. Francis Alger. That it is the same with the scenery. For two hundred yards across, and as far mor? conspienous of our Quincy fossils is, 1 think, e-tab | above asl could see, and for a long distance below, the Nahed by the comparison of a nearly complete speciinca t ané lofty forest had been cut down and swal- Of the Jatter, with the cast of P. Mariani, taken from Mr. Up, as clean as if annihilation iiself bat swept over Alger’s specimen, the original vever having been revarned. | the area.’ Here and there, however, near the end of the Considering the perfect agreemest im lithotogical charar stream, some buge tree was lef standing atid the black ters of the watrix, w described by Green, with that of the Quincy fossils, and the immediate recognition of this identity of miteral features by Mr. Alger ou secing my Quincy specimens, we can hardly doubt that the origiaal speciinen of P. Harlani come either directly or throagh the drift scattered in the vicinity, from tue same fo ailiferous belt, ‘ibus it appears that this vagrant fossil, £0 long without a local babitation, although aot without a name, bas at length been restored (o its native seat, whore it taker a prominent place in the dynasty of ancieat liviag forms that marked the earliest paleogow history of New Eng'and, io this connection I find a remark in Barrandi which besides being historically curious, bas an interesting bear tng on the spre nities of our fossil. He observes:— + We see in ditlerent collections, and especially in that of the School of Mines and the British Museum, under the mame of Par. Harlani from the United States, & cw trilobite, which appears to us to be identical with P. Hprnosus, of great size, such as found at Srey, in Pohe mia."’ The cast bere referred to, like that used io my Comparison with the Quincy fuvsil, was dowbtiess ‘the series of plaster copies prepared by Dr. Gree company bis monograph. It: agreement with P. s harmonizes well with my own observation: stated, of (he close resemblance between the Quincy { and this Bobemia rpcies. The cecurrence of well preserved fossils among rocks @© highly altered and so coutiguous to groat igneous marses as are the fossiloferous glates of Quincy, may Weil encourage us to make carefal search in othor ‘parts of New Engiand, where heretofore such an exploration ‘would have been deewed useless. Although we canao: hope to build up the geological column of New Eaciaad from the protozoic bave juet estabiihed to the carvoni ferous rocks, supposing all ‘be inter) ening formations to be represented iu tis region, may at least succeed in determining, by foesiis hereafter discovered, the principal stages in its structure, aud in thas flood, whore ‘eaves were seared and falling, or others were smoking and slowly consuming where they bad fallen. At the edges of the forest where it bounded the lava stream only the undergrowths of shrubbery were withered in their foliage. Tle trees themselves, whose branches extended over tre lava, were as fresh and ver- dant as before the tery stream bad stripped them of their Dearest companions, “At first | saw no igne~us action nor flowing leva, although tho rigns of recent activity were vis ible above and below me. But after overcomiag my repu tance to tread on such pertious ground and oaths hue overheated air, 1 was led by Mr. Coun to the lowest part of the lave, where, a week previously, he had witnessed it flow in a slow stream over a perpend'cular cliff thirty- two feet bigh, and fall into a branch of the river Wailuku, it bad advanced about five hundred feet further, and there stopped in the bed of the rivulet. Tho cooling of its front, ver, allowed such accumulations of the liquid lava the hardeving crust above, and over which sequently travelled, as to develope ou a small scale exactly such phenomena as on a large scale are witnossed wakes, volcanic eruptions, in the formation of nd incomplete craters, toe upli mountains and continents, the dynamic. fo whi. vast physical results have never heretofore been ex of this broad black jail of hills, valleys, a ¢ broken by fissures more or lees wide anil long, and to different exteats of depth. Through some of these bread and deep rents [ could kee the molten rock at a re¢ or white heat, and either quiescent or in very bh motion. There numerous holes where the lava, running slowly throug! the forest, had fowed around the truaks of trees whove size bad resisted ite pressure, but which bad subsequently been burnt when the sup bad evaporated so as to alow their ignition. In some of these holes the red hot lava was visible some fifteen feet deep, and the trees, stil bura- oa ing, were stretehed on the rock where they had receatly fallen ‘One tree fell within Afty feet of the spot where we T had broied my bacon on the lava that y Of a fissure not thirty feet trom where | eat, and w d finished my repast the spot where | stood to cook my meat was covered with the flowing rock; indeed, it bad already become black, and was apparently bard enough to bear my weight. My observations of an am character were bumer ous, but those of @ striotiy seientidc bearing are the ouly ones of which m will be made in thia paper. ‘While exploring this novel and highly justructive field, my attention was arrested by noises beneath me, and the trembling and more persistent motion of the thick crusts whereon | was standing. At & I felt some alarm for my safety, but [ goon became accustomed to them, and wae induced to make observajons which I trust may lead to systematic research, and result ia the discovery of general laws, whoxe operation erted deep Gown in the moiten and atomic consti ovr planet, and whieh #0 act op (ue subterragean founda + of ite crystalline envelope ax to create those remark d and water that, ip different goo- ified {ts surface. feology ia ied to a long discussion, in which Mr. Hant, of Cs- nala, Professor Agassiz, Professor Leslie, Professor Ex mons, Sir Wm. Logan and Professor Hall took part. Pro Tensor Agassiz took occasion to say that this paper would create a revolntion in the ertablixbed geological opinions As bo report of the discussion b roatin one would be intelligsbie, and our epace forbids that, we are com petled to omit it er The section then irped to meet in the afternoon. SOME ACCOUNT OF A VISIT TO TH® VOLCANO OF KILAURA, AND TO THE RECENT ERUPTION OF LAVA PROM THR SUMMIT OF MAUNA LOA, ON MA WALL—WITH FACTS AND CONCLUSIONS RESPECT ING THE DYNAMICAL TENSION OF MOLTEN MAT THR, AS THE OPNEAAL AGENT IN PRO! BARTHQUAKRS AND UPHEAVAL OF f AND OONTINENTS—BY C. F. WINSLOW, MD. The earliest events in the history ot the cosmos will pro. badly ever elude the moet potential revea anes But, as by the microscopic study of any fare more likely to dweover the meth neration and growth than by its examination when fully ped, 80 DY patient observation of phenomona, con icauie eruptions, aud with the minor el rings and lava overflows of the may attain important and eract koowledge of the nature and action of coamical forces, thee int ence on and, aided by po pparently trifling, phonomena The upward pressure was £0 prodigioas as to appear wholly irremstible: and where the solid rocks arove, or the molten matter oozed up through fiseures, the impression conveyed tomy mind wax that coms in telagent and omnipotent agent wat at work bebin 1, whose tagouiem to the gravitalin. (orees could not be exesed- ed in energy even by gravity itself, I had never before formed an atequate conception of such an agent. ft eecmed 40 me as if the whole solid feld floated as lightly Of the solar «y tem, of existed more protoundly ta the gen- eral pyvics of Ube cosmos. However vast the concep, on | “# 0Ork on the @uid beneath, and the idea was cloarly Of such a result, the attainmentof \t may, newerthelers, be | ° | to my mind that of the mighty hoped for through loug years of patient and bserva- | globe iteelf existed im a cimilar sate of equilibrium on a Tt finid nuolens, subject to dynamical impulses aad changes ¢ period has but just dawned when phil bie to ste of sratus, in Obedience to fem ste canses and undiscovered jaws. There war no lorm of eruptive or uplifting forse, por effect of it, that could not be recoguirot in miniature im the action of the dynamical agent exerted beneath aod around me, When the pent up lava forced an outlet for iteelf, by lifting a ponderous sheet of rock, many feot r rending it by upward pressure, and then j\owed vy, #0 ae (9 form a ditninative dyke oF volcanic eruption, Jociple of persistent energy was ae percoptible in it ar that exerted under the coast of Oreenland te eltect te elevation, aod the reauite were often identical witn th t eee ogical phenomenon observed therefor wh, ono end of a creat sheot would gradually aud almost moperceptibiy rise, the other would fail the tension beneath imereased at one ond and d at the other. While stamding om 01 Apprared as firm and immovable as the Catskili*, ther svecension of them, would be felt agudden jar, be heard boneath a sblo to step on frm fvand.tiona. Tae aa optent with poculation’, hypot metaphysics and sohoisticiame i wt this age Uneood in its scienue requirements, and it ix only by patient Candid and endless observation of facta that trath aud Jaw can be reached, in the study of any of the various dyariments of nature ‘or several yeers my wonder bas been excited by a physical similarity of surface in ali (he plauctary bodies within the rarge of human observation, and my attention has been drawn to a study of the dynamical agencies which must be exerted boneath their crusts to produce such remarkable abd universal inequalities. To say no thing of bodies more remote, the moon presents aspects eo remarkable as to awaken a speculative intereat in all who are familiar with them. earth not only di ys similar diversities of surface, but exhibits remarks. le evidences of these diversities, having ben modified from cycle to cycle by cles at present involved ia Lort intervale, and sounds w mystery. the action oh, however, is a¥ cognizable | company og them, Indicating the exertion of the & Ma is Bevivgink ua We Widen OL ig OgeN, Naw Tide Gad fn)‘ Hiden oid usemstilie ageus by Whligh shy mass Wr: Dr. Judd to take | formed me that it began to exhibit energy abvut two ongues and inlets of fresh biack scoria be- i it bad formed t¢ ranges, and in igneous rocks allowing river channels “ ‘vecomis tween the old promontories of debris through barriers otherwise ‘these: ng ears since, after & lang ae of quietade, and in No- wider at the top in proportior to the elevation of continent 7. and duration of the foroe y ber of last year, as travelling from Granada We teou, he observed it ina state of igneous ereas and the cirection dyuamical many places Mr. Hawks said there were openings where activity, setig on their foundations. " some places where lai the yon hot rock—pot Was vee In @ line of = pene —_ A Lg hed yaya A ‘and thick sbeets of rock bed been {issured and uplifted holes running in direction from the crater, or great berg nee swan visitle, aul l Wen oie ek lake, as it is called, towards the house on the bank, (or northeasterly and southwesterty,) the tuid lava was ob- served to be flowing with great rapidity from Mauna Loa towards the great Jake. Ata spot about one-third of the this conical manner, the molten lucing these results would force iteelf Warough gy at their base and sprea out, forming promontories or pes or would pour outfrom the suzamit and run down sides. Both it bad not been active for a number of months. Such are a few data, all of which go to show an in- creased ure of the molten nucleus of the planet oa moving - the period when it these geological aspects are observable, ona vast scale, | cistance from the bank to the great lake, was abole | its crystalline crust during in gpa islands of Ohau, Maui and pfAing They where # current fof lava ap; to be pacing down | in the portion of Le orbit dra gr hed ee have Seen elevated {na manner similar to the sheets of | @ descent of 4b deg., and ram at the rate twen | How this augment iam —s “ eee ba rock just described, and there is scarcely a large ravine a ay hour. the holes between this } portant q jon Jor futurt - ‘api air, oceaD, and crystalline envelope, and the impondera- great lake, the rapidity of the Feo Een. (peiiher of them where the land has not tet ether soon | curreot was about 10 miles'an hour. The action of the St their bottam-axd run more or leas into the sea. In ble principle of magnetism molten elements » places ‘this eruption of lava is t cat Jake itself was intense, and the surface of the lava | superimposed coverings of the . ‘oilterate to lower part ef the py dg te ny only about 30 feet deliw the ‘Ot the crater. | constituting the reat bulk ofthe planeta these are Sub- overflow avd extend the original coast considerably into When I examined it on the 28th of Ft ject to periodical fluctuations of ioe ag an onding with definite positions ot The sun controls this orbit by influences emanating from its own mags, which intluences act on the mass of the giobe through every one of the atoms in that mass. To the central body, then: must we look for the agency by which the remarkable aaa at ere ee crust Leng earth, constituting what is ys geography, are brought about. ‘The insensible elevation of continents is allied the sea, During m thy these chasms | the surface was about 150 fect below pear the sea coast vetederiing at 1 was forcibly | bave vefore stated, perfectly quiet and struck with this aspectof volcanic 1: Den aneomne fer Sea onesie and entire satisfaction, of } years, and that he ‘had never seen it quiet, bat a ways as | 'n motion, and with a current setting across crater, ‘and uniformly from the summit of Mauna Loa toward the stem operations those, instan: a, or in a southeasterly direction. fact, if It be not in similarity, of Sihiveed paprpetinsem he ieat “4 he . Sam . kd ‘Seamee’s Chaplain at Hono- | with the more visible elevation ot island, and with the crystalization, in the dev of the minutest | lulu, and editor of the informed me that sensible effects of earthquakes. All these ineartianees plat and the taxedium of the Sierra Nevada, | lad visited the crater in Kilanea he had observed the | of status in the solid en of the Lar srecler ae or in the mathetnatical obedience to the gravitating force | motion of the molten mase that was boiling in the crater pend on byte Fionn agent of omnipotent ng chien A ve of an asteroid and of Jupiter in their orbits around to be moving bodily from Mauns Loa the sea. upon its subterranean foundations ina radi rect throughout the entire sphere, The disturbances in the . Suchare a few data gathered from inteltigent and re- miner to this conclusion, { examined with scru- | liable sources elative to ‘currents in the fluid matter | crusts of Java which I observed on Hawaii, the earthquakes tinizing care, e eruptive aspects at the mouth of every which Kes the crust of the globe. There is nota | and volcanic ert in miniature, and the slow and al- reat ravine that I paseed in my subsequent journey. | perfect agreement ‘the observers'on the point of | most imperceptible elevation of huge sheets of lava from ten round Wes! Mauiand Oahu. The agency | uniformity of direction in the molten current, but all | to twen! 'y feet in thickness—a gort of continental elevation was as clearly and beautifully displayed in the ends of | agree in the main fact of having observed a sort of tidal | in miniature also—were all the result of asimilar dynaini- tbe larger chasms at the margins of these islands by the | motion, or an action cont to thet of complete status, | cal cause, the primitive force, severe arising from a vis gushing of the lava, the tension and dynamical pres- | in the plutonic fluid, and in by far the r number of | a tergo teoy: the molten currext lying far up the fore of ich tad lot ie ‘whole unin mise | beerrains al ete oa amauta “Lea's | oye been duce tha sod took” bad nt boon southerly or sou! irestion. jerome Bieter ke = = i AS, coma , a8 8 sated b: for motion in the underlying fluid, and for its tension and fractured mounds that were forming before So prossure in an upward direction. Had the fluid been Dr. Judd, that it is the course wi the the of fietecun in jose the bameriy of Bs fast Mou probably Prebipalces ear from each other, and in which they ap- { quiet the crust above would have been quict also. So in the most enormous end deepest of all plutonic ‘openings | pear to'have been sucoessively el . contemplating similar phenomena, ona vast and ped on thesuriace of the globe, was produced in a similar ‘The fact of motion in the molten mass lying beneath | scale, it is impossible to concetve of elevation of couti- manner. In its elevati ‘the basaltic foundations of the | the crystalline crust of the planet as the Arena seat nents or of islands, or of the eruptions from vi ‘ mountain were rent, and in attaining an altitude of 10,000 | by which continents and ocean bottoms are upli , is } unless the fluid on which they rest is in motion and is ex. feet two prodigious chasms were opened a mile or more | the main point to which this paper would invite the fu- | erting jure from the centre to the surface of the in width—one on the north, the other on the eastern side | ture researches of science. glebe. mysterious agent at work to induce this motion in the fluid nucleus—the cause of its periodical in- summit—and these v In opening up this grand subject for future and severe pa, out, pm yg Hd ne judy, I do not wish to harness tt'to any hypothesis; but | crease and decreas marvellous results grow- eastern chasm through which I descended in 1846, Iob- | as 0 tions of my own other persons tend to a out of exhibited annually in earthquakes and served tbat the stream had extended many ‘miles in | confirm opinions which I have heretofore published rela- | other volcanic phenomena, and trom cycie to whith over the low into the ees. Although I had | tive to the cause of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, cycle in the elevation of ovean bottoms—the sink- visited this wonderful crater five times, and descended | and tend also to strengthen views subsequently ad of mountain summite—the gradual transposi- vanced, although less broad than my own, relative to the cause of earthquakes, by M. Alexis , of Dijon, IT will add a few data which may lead scientific mind still farther onward in the investigation of the causes of motion in the plutonic fluid constituting, as geognostic facts having become | geological evidence goes to show, the bulk of the planet. smprescca on tay mind, Sizt that the elevation ofthe erust | ‘This can legitimately be done without Invading the realas of the earth, exther in small or large areas, is produced by | Of speculation, for when so numerous and the tension and dynamical agency of molten and fluid it as to direct the mind to a general cause, it is matter underecath, and that this molten matter is and | proper to investigate for truth in that direction without most be in a state of motion to produce the phenomena | adopting foregone conclusions. of elevation and depression of the crust of the planet. Alexis Perry supposes the moon to be the cause of Tsought for further evidence of these facts during my | earthquakes through a tida) action in the molten aucieus explorations (enmedistely afterwards in the volcano of | of the globe, because they occur more frequently at the Kilauen. Here I came near deing rege fo my op- | syziges, and inasmuch as their frequency augments in the portunity for personal observation, forthe “great lake,” | vicinity of the moon’s perigee and diminishes toward the ‘ag its active crater is called, where] had expected to into it twice at a depth of twenty-tive hundred feet, I bed never understood, with perfect pos- sibility of its actual contruction, until the formation of its —r_ im miniature, on the active lava current of Mauna b ‘These important and ing tion of igothermal lines of heat and cold—the migration, extinclon, and new creation of whole tribes of plants and animals, and a thousand other phenomena consequent thereon, are objects for future observation and research. However profound all these physical affairs may seem to le in the realms of mystery.and doubt, still, by a careful and candid observation of facts, and a patient study into ‘the nature ene <anmeneant ar Ge Seen Sak Neee ee, seit of Sh enor tery of be conducted to an in- cosmos, and to events tbat may be transpi: the physical constitution of other planets as well as our own, which present know- ledge capnot discover nor allow us to conceive of. Our Special Correspondence. Atnany, August 22—P, M. ‘The session this morning was one that interested scien- apogee. kable . . | In March, 1853, I published the opinion that earth a a ee caanc orcred matihugedhects | quakes, volcanic eruptions, and all greater or lesser | tic men; but would not interest the public at large. In Sf sapomh, Bick snd gieety lave, ‘emhone edges laneed | Sande Coty ie actin of ton chalet, Docanse rae | Sea section of goslogy, « tively geological dievansion tok et not —Ist, 4 of eae or ae ee was we yD pr Alera Moon, Venus, farth and Mars, all having similar inequati | Place on Prof. Rogers’ discoveries In relation to the age jous vapors and ing sounds issued trom the fissured of the Massachusetts rocks. Ii appears (he world ties of surface, must have some general or central cause because sides of that horrid pit. Such a state of repose, Mr. | for (heir uniforn physical appearances; aud 2d, bas been all wrong on the subject of these rocks, and Coan informed me, on my return to Hilo, had never been | the frer vency of earthquakes is di the time that pang toe obser’ joted revious 3 when the earth is rolling through the perihelic portion of Prof, Rogers has only lately discovered the truih. J however, iu any re sebocioun bY suave ite orbit, and fewest when in ihe ape. ‘The paper itself is very technical, but will interest all firmed, however, in my recent conclusions by observa- Ledge, as the broad floor This opinion would by no means exclude the possible correctnees of M. Alexis Perry's views, but tend to con firm them, not 0 much on his theory of tidal action, how- ever, as on my own, that some dynamical force—a force wholly indepeadent of cent and tidal action—not yes clearly ascertained, and acting radiall} id poo fi on ar dpe fe ellen the globe and all the planetary bodies—is super- induced by the great central orb around which all revolve and to which all are bound ea force equally universal atd well demonstrated. ile influences emanating from the sun act on the whole mass of the globe, produc- tions on the of lava is who know anything of the science. I regret that you cannot publish the remarks of Prof. Agassiz and those of Sir Wiliam Logan; they were forcible and instructive; but an abstract Would give you no idea whatever of their character, and the whole would leave no room in the paper for anything cise. Major Emory’s paper goes over ground that has been trodden already once or twice—to be on the safe sideo—in your columns. An extract may hereafter suflice. called, that covers the entire circular chasm of Kilauea, in travel- some eight miles in circumference. ling over this I noticed similar inequalitics of numerous miniature displays of hi eruption, &c., on a@ more magnificel Java stream near Hilo, still 1 saw no active outy rings or cozings of the moiten rock, as at that place. Neverthe Jess, during my explorations, I came to @ long and feartal fissure about twenty feet deep, at the bottom of which was fluid lava ‘at white beat. I threw down a frag ment of rock, and watching, observed it move at a very sluggish rate in a southwesterly direc: | ing the grandest of all physical results—that of its ever In the Senate chamber—that is to say, in the section of . Wh came, | it the bi recon- | lasting motion ia a determinate orbit—and at the same Hom. ioe ins wenteelloes plutonian gulf of 600 fect in | time on its atoms producing the most delicate molecular | Physics and astronomy—the papers read were all of them depth, that stretched for three miles before me, and | phenomena, it ‘would be unreasonable to suppose that all | of a highly technical character. A good deal of trouble srusing on the nowr and oe ope Crtamey pe ee eee nee Tape plo oy gn some | was caused by Prof Hare; who, poor old gentleman, doce to my geognostic knowledge. A glimmer it ne . wes gf acs in four places fm the remote ‘of the | duced by ‘solar action.” not spare the time of the association; I fear he may mar ‘To draw scientific inv cstigal.on mre closely to this in pertant it im the physics of the globe, | will present a few i ing facts to show that earth vakes and volca nie phenomena are inseparably connected with the earth's motion around the sun, and that somo change of tension is anpuady induced in the molten uucleus of the globe whereby dynamical energy is exerted and its surface is elevated, rent, shaken, or opened for the eruption of the plutonic fluid which roils and presses underneath it, or flows through conduits that form, as I will show in another paper, a sort of net work throughout it. Before presenting these data in detail, however, I will introduce two or three facts of an astronomical character, for the purpose of awakening attention to the extensive relations of geological phenomena, and showing their pro bable connexion with celestial dynamics. The triumphs of astronomical and mathematical genius have clearly black leage. Stars shove in eome regions of the firma. ment, but space between them seemed unucually pack, had fom see sky, shee 80 lw scene fo'be strangely dark and dismal, when . ail at nce a glare of intense ligbt burst from Kuauea, and | perceived that the great lake was in motion. The brillianey of the illumination is beyond description. Ite brightpess shot far up into the dense vapors of the night air. The wild apd desolate features ot this fearful abyss were indwtinctly revealed; but the upper parts of the bo nenpd wall of the great lake itself were eo refulgentiy ighted as to disclose to view the lesser inequalities of 1% precipitous surface. I was amazed with the awfulness of this sudden volcanic glory, and while watching it with intense interest and filled with the belief tha: a night full of grandeur and inmruction was before me, it as rud denly began to die away, and in ten or Aven minutes ig he harmony of the proceedings before the session breaks yy P. ‘The paper read by Mr. Redfield, of New York, on the cyclones or typhoons of the North Pacifc ocean, wil) form part of lerry’s forthcoming work on bis Japan ex- pedition, and therefore canzot be given in full without per- mitsion from the Commodore. ‘is I regret, as it would be both instructive and interesting to your readers. It will, I fear, be almost the only satisfactory and beneiicial result of the Japan expedition. ‘There is an entertainment given to-night to the mem- bers of the Association, by Mr. Robert Townsend. I gave you this morning a sketch of Sir Wm. E. youre and Dr. Dawson, of Montreal. | cannot do better than add a hasty sketch of one or two other members of the associa tion : Professor Agessiz is @ native of Orbe, in Waatlande He published his jirst great work in 1826 ; it was a new only a faict giimmer of light remained, Little by little | ‘llustrated that the earth’s orbit is elliptical; that the sun, | classification of fishes, which gaiaed him a reputa'ion at the origina’ darkness settled over Kilauea, aud no otver | the great physical lawgiver and ruler, upies one of | once. Thirteen years afterward he published his ‘* Na outbreak occurred during the live long nignt. the foci of that ellipse; und that the earth passes the pe | tural Hi the Fresh Water Fish of Europe,”’ the All my observations had tended to conirm my bdeilef | rihelic point of its orbit the last of December, being then | greatest work on the subject in any language, and one of brought 3,000,000 miles nearer to the central boty than wheu passing the aphelion the last of Jyne. For six months, then, trom the Ist of October to the last of March, this planet is much nearer the sun thao during the other six months of the year. The important geognostic facts to follow are bighly the best ecientific performances we have. I believe that the upiortunate results of one bis richly illustrated pub Vications induced bim t» emigrate to the Uaited States, where be bas filled situations as professor at Harvard, and in the University of Charleston. He is now in the Lawrence sclentific school at Cambridge ; and is engaged in the publication of his great work. which you have noticed already. He is a tine, hearty man of forty nine years of age, slightly bald, and stout, with a genial ex pression of face, and a quiet, shrewd good humor, which makes him friends at first «ight. He is perhaps the most active member of the Asseciation, apd rarcly misses join ing in. overy discussion. Rogers is probably the most gentlemanly looking man in the room. Tall and slender, witha very dis- Lipguished face, he speaks like a practised orator; his organ js good, bis action graceful, his style dished, No one ip the Convention is heard with more attention than Prof. ore, and he may probably be considered the leader of the young scientific men. “He comes of a fami'y famed ja science. His two brothers are both eminent geologists; one of them is one of the editors, if not sole editor, of the Edinburg Geological Journal, though an American. Jrofessor K. himselt is a Virginian by birth, ‘and performed the geological survey of the State of Vir- ‘nia. He was, I believe, at one time connected with the niversity of Virginia. Latterly he has resided in Boston. Dr. Winslow, of Troy, is a new member, though likely to be a very active one. He was for many years a prac- tising physician in the Sandwich Islands; during bis rest denee there he devoted much attention to the subject of volcanic and other ecientiic phenomera. Removing some years since to San Francisco, h® continued toe of his profession there, and only interrupted it to travel through Mexico and Central America. Theso travels were undertaken solely with a view ot verifying observations already made on the volcanoes of Sandwich Islands, and adding furtber to the doctor's store of information on the subject. Dr. Winslow pub Nebed a work on goognosy some years ago. He is appa rently destined toa high place ih the ranks of science. eee man of about ity years of age, stout and well that molten rock in motion was the dynamical agency by which earthquakes and all movements of the sol a fabric of the islands and of the earth at large were caured. But the flery lake of Kilauca was inactive when lexamined it, and [ have been compelled in my re searches for knowledge to acquire those facts from the observation of others fur which I was my. | Wortby of the attention of physicists, and I trust the ia self in search. Accordingly, on my veturn to | Yestigation of the whole subject will be pursued by per Hilo apd Honolulu, I made inquiry of persons | Sons and institutions haying systematic means of re who had visited Kilauea in reference to their « search within their reach, until the broad fundamenta’ servations op the motion of the fluid in the Great La jaw is brought to light which underlies the basis of this This lake, in correct use of lapguage, is small crat category of phenomena. apparently about one hundred yards ‘across, surroun led Mr. Kobert Mallet, in a report on earthquake phenome with a crest twenty feet high, sloping up from the unequal | D&@, which he made to the British Assosjation at Ipswich, floor of a great circular chasm of 800 foet deep and | im 1861, stated that by an examination of his statistic: three miles in diameter to which has becn given the name | be motive that quakes Occurred more frequently in of Kilauea, While the floor of Kilauea, called the black | the winter months than at other timer of the year. | ledge, is now and then, at long intervals, broken up all | Dave Dever geen his statistics and do not know the acou- over and turned into asea of fire, the crater, whiih in | rate resulta of his computations, but the statement drew February inst was 160 feet ¢oep, ix ever active, and the | My attention to the wubject in 1852, from ity connection level of the plutonic fluid rises and falls at irregular jot wih otber coemographical phenomena, which were then vals, like quickeilver in the tube of a barom: rw & matter of amateur study with me. in wells that are influenced by tides. Dr. Tschudi, from bie researches in Peru, has stated In this lake, besides the movement of a fluid agita that earthquakes in that country occur moat frequently in by ebullition, I bad expected to #ee a motion, in one dir the latter half of Getcber, in November, December and tion or another, similar toa tidal current and wholly in- | Janvary, and in May and June. January is the worst dependent of ebsiiition; but have said, the e | Month, ducimg which, in many years, scarcely @ day was quiescent during my visit, and moved ‘oniy on farres without convulsions of thit kind, the eighteen hours that 1 was in its nelghboghood During @ residence of two weeks in Acapulco, iu sequently, after conversation with a num er 0! 1863, 1 bad ample opportunities to make taquiries and reliable persons who had visited the « on thie subject, and my researches there exhilit gratified with the result of my inquiries an¢ the followtpg facts—that during every month in the year, the remarkable uniformity of their observatior s an (state. | More or less earthquake thocks are felt, or subterrancan ments, and | will record them in this paper asa nucleus of | £0UDds, unaccompanied by shocks, arc beard. But the facts for che purpose of inducing the attention to heaviest and most frequent shocks are experienced from which it justly deverves. Where these facts cont October to January, aud the slightest and fewest in the not my object even to atiempt to reconcile them. summer months. Kev. Titue Coan, of Hawaii, has politely commanicated in this department of terrestrial physics which will add | t© me, by letter, the record of earthquakes noted by Mra. greatly to the glory and sublime extension of modern | Lyman, a most reliable missionary lady, during her resi science. Nor will I attempt to for cience by linking | dence at Milo, from June, 1893, to January, 1866, a pe Where diecoveries to any hypothes er the mo | Tied of 2234 years. Hilo is about 30 miles from Kilauea. tions of the ‘uid bulk of the glob: ental fact | the celebrated active volcano. The whole number is 5%. that I consider established beyons question b There are four years during which none are noted; but so of geological evidence—be the reault of cen: far as recorded, the table, which I have reduced to mouth communicated by the plauet's rotation, as theoretically | ly results, stands thus. —For Januar, suggerted by Mr. Charles Stodder, of Beton, in his ex ch, 12) April, 5; May, 4; June, 8 placation of eartbquak bé moon's attraction. as | September, 4; October, 7; November, 16; propounded by M. A Perry, of [ijon, to account for | Makibg for the quarter from October | to December the raime pbenomena, or of a coemical force not yot | 2%, avd from Jancary 1 to March 31, 24—in tho aggregate Future observation will determine the truth and opfold laws The Chinese Tea Crops. [From the North China Herald, May 31.) The present season |s admitted on all sides ax most {1- vorable to the crops of native produce. We haye seen that silk is in tall average supply, and we leara from al! those who are best informed on the subject tuat the cr of tea is not likely to be less than an average one, cle emonetrated, but exerted trom the centre of the | 53; for the quarter from Aprill to June 30, 17; and ea id all other planeta, as a force antagonistic toaad | from July 1 to <pt. 20, 19; in the aggrexate hinit. | though the vsual rumors are in circulation among a © ing a difference of 17 in’ favor of the months during which tain clase of interested matives that the supply will be short. In “sbort crops’’ of tea, however, we toink that none of our readers are likely to place much vonfidence: and while we continue to pay such prices ag have rulod everywhere in China during the season wbich is now draw. ing to a close (and which season will show in ite usual sw. tistics am export to all parts of the West considerably in excese of the demand) we need not fear a dearth of the feven should the crops be deficient. From Fubeban we learn that the opening prices for the now crop of congou are 3 to 4 tacis higher than thove of last season, and from Ho Khow and other biack tos district the gpeting rates aro quoted higher, while from tho Woo ‘ven (Moyune) and Tai Ping green tea districts we are {normed that 15 to 20 per cent more i« being paid than Inst reason; and several natives who left this city for tae purpose of buying green teas, have, in consequence of the high rates, abandoned (to idea. In the ing Suey districts, also, the advance is about 15 per cent, but the entire production of the latter is small, compared with other districts, and will not perhaps exceed 60,000 oF 70,000 packages this year, so far as we aro Jearn, With these reports, which come direct to the toa men, it is not surprising (if they themeelves believe them) that they shook! bold the old stock (which is now estimated at about 40,000 packages of biack and 46,000 of green) for higher prices than are offered. Yet we find at the end of almost every reason large quantity of tea beld over for rates which are nev obtained, and which is eventually sold at disastrous prices, and reaches ite destination out of condition. Such will undoubtedly be the case this year also; but it is much to be regretted that shipments of such reluse crop, which is chiefly of the most trashy kind, are sent forward, as tney too lrequently are, on Chinese account, to markets whore they come Into competition with good qualities, aro sold at pm yg bd will realigo, and over afterwards become a induced by solar gravitation, as prom: in 1863, oF any other cause acceptab! it ie not the object of gated by mj to any phyat paper to determine nor dis curs. The great fact, and the researches to incontro vertibly substantiate it, are that [ wish to prosent | Cceurrense of eartaquakes and volcanic here. the whole number amounts to 205, not inctnding the Hilo Asher B Bates, Faq., the Crown Attorney, informed | !#t @lready given. Reducing these to tabular form, 7 me that he had visited the crater twice ot aa interval of | find the monthly results as follows —For January, 31; eevera! years, and tbat both times he observed, besides | February, 27; March, 11: April, 21: May, 20; Jane, 14 the heaving motion of ebullition, a decided flow of the | July. Zi; August, 21; September, 25: October, 21; No Guid coming into the lake from the direction of the Maa. | vember, 36; December, making, for the quarter from ba Loa (or in a northerly course), running across it, and | October 1 to December 91, 08: and from January 1 to passing owt oo the southerly side. He had even od March 21, 7—an ogeregate of 175. for the quarter from terved the crusts to back ep sever mea against the | April 1 to June 50, 5: and from July 1 to September 30, toutbern or southeasterly side, and anbeequently to be | €1—A0 ageregate of 1z2: exhibiting a dilferonce of 51 in carried down and under in that direction favor of the months dering which (he earth is moving Rey. Titus Coan, resident missionary at Hilo, informed | throvgh that half of its orbit nearest the eun me that he bad visited the crater twenty five or tuirty In the course of my journey last winter to the Hawatian times inthe course of as many years, ant observed it | afchipelago! met two gentlemen who had resided in op under many different aspects of activity. He had fre. | fori.e bemiepheree ot the globe, and who were familiar quently noticed motion in the mass of ‘uid, independent | With the conditions of two volcanoes lying nearly at the of the betting agitation of the surface, bet ne had never —— of each other. One, Mr. John W. Widditield, observed that ® current # py one direction more | of Philadelphia, bad lived in i'etropawlovski, Kamachatka, it he bad Observed that it ran in different | from June, 1850, to November, 1551, and was in the hy fierent times—sometimes from the summit | bit of noticing the appearances of an active volcano plainly of Sauna Loa, sometimes toward it, and sometimes in | im sight from his residence. Ho informed mo that it onber courees. exbitited greater signs of activity during the winter Dr, G. P. Judd, well known In the religions and poli. | than the summer, and that there were eruptions of tire ical history of the islands, informed me that he had been | and light in the winter months that did not occur in the to the crater eix times in twenty-five years, and that he | summer. He informed me that carthquakes were fre ays, and without an exception, seen a current | qvent in that locality, and that it was the romark of the the lava rupli rows the crater toward the | residents, and in accordance with his own observations south of southeast; and he added that he had beon | While there, more occurred during the fall and winter strock with the stogular fact that the chain of islands | monthe than at other tines of the yoar constituting the group ran from northweet (o southeast, ‘Ibe other person, Mons. Victor Prevost, of Paris, a corresponding to the uniform course of the lava current | tery intelligent and scientific gentleman, informed mo ag he bad observed it. thai he resided at the isie of Bourbon,’ im the Indian rth is moving through the perihelic portion of its orbit. For several years | have kept a memorandum of the ruption, and Rev, Mr. Seasions, of Albany, a member of the Aseo. | Ocesm, from May, 1857, to May, 1839, and became fa drog in the market, ewolling the statistics of « ; while clation, whom I met in Tahaina, and with whom | liar with the periodical activity of the remarkable crater | it is notorious, both in Kogiand and America, that no incon Tafter wards travelled to San Francisco, joformed | on that isiand. fle bad visited it, and taken much ints- | siderabl of the stocks consist of trash called tea, me that when be visited Kilanea, on’ the 12th | rest in the phenomena displayed by it. He said that dur- | and is wholly unfit for nse. In our last issue we ing #x months in the year it vente’, and the lava ran from the crater to the soa, a distance of abour four milee—so that the intermediate apace was im passable; and that for ix months the crater was quiet, and the inhabitants could traverse the lava that hed run out during the previous months, When I asked im if be remembered what months the crater vented tee’, he replied that the lava ran in December and Jan vary, and that the crater was light sfx month mothe dark. He snid thie was the common r. alluded to the movement of the insurgents in Kiang Si, (which information bas since been confirmed.) and jt may bence be argued that they will seriously interfere with the preparation of tea; but, while we are williag to admit that in that particular province such may possibly be the case, we would warn our readers at a place po reliance on the old ery of “Short crop tea, and, when such an event should occur, to bear in mind that any deficiency needed to be supplied for foreign x port would rot be long in forthcoming from the quantity of September, 1856, the igneous action was intense bveyord drecrimtion over the whole surface of the black ledge. The eruption Cn the summit of the moun. tain hed broken out thirty-three previously, and the lava war flo prodigious’ rate from (hat outlet ‘& wp eeveral places, and all were directed tow: Ww crater on of Manta Loa. fle noted many cones stadding the @urface of the great chasm, but the fun! matter seemed to bim t bol! ap be concentrated na particulier cone, coder which was a gr habitant’, atd he hed vielted the crater prepared for the home consumption of 350,000,000 of peo- nto this (Le ava poured by several etreame, € per . ple, who, on the lowest estimate, consume 4 bs, of tee wards Macna Loa According to &)) bic obeervations, the Die statement of Mone. Victor Prevost is, in agreat | per arnum, or equal t 1,400,000,000 } of bataptiated by information received fro y | which would at any time increase our Wa, Siovt, who, when 12 commad of tug pore wore than 90 per cent, measure, currents ron toward® the new outlet on she mountaln's ti cat, Capt, AVmRIt, (oa Dostber'y direction, by birth and education, and have only made Iowa my home since the year 1864, and have always acted with the whig party previous to the organization ef the Ameri. can party; consequently, when Mr, Fillmore received the nomination of that party Iwas delighted, and really grew enthusiastic; but unfortunately that gertleman upom his return from Europe, ia various speeches, has enun- ciated doctrines that have cooled the ardor that was felt for him, and well nigh destroyed the last vestige of hope for him in the North. I have taken some humble part im the late contest in our State, and am sorry to say tha there is no earthly chance of his pollug 10,000 yotes im our'State; consequently I have given up all hopes of re- suscitating the old whig party, even under the name of Fremont and the old fogy sy! pa give my nents elforts in the coming contest to the: lant young Fremont. r Paving canvassed very closely @ portion of this State: in the contest just passed, I speak Song when I'say there is no earthly hope for Mr, Fillmore. iam satisfled that the native feeling would haye won in this State had it been canpiek with the restoration of the Missouri come romise. We were only held as friends of Mr. JImore, previous to his return, by the hope that whem we heard from him we would have ap expression favora- ble to that object, but we were doomed to disappoint- ment; and to cap the whole we tind the Washington: gen, as one of his mouthpieces, repudiating the bare idea correcting that enormous fraud. Since we have received” the paper containing those sentiments it has driven over” the few Virginians and Kentuckians in our section to Fre- mont, all ne over, except & few old fogies for old Buck and . The Fremont. have carried our State by from 5,000 to. 11 7 carry it in November by trom 10,000 000, Our threwdest politicians here concede him every State north» of Mason’s and Dixon’s line, except New York, Pennsyl- Vania und Calilernia, and it is believed that there is no chance for Fillmore in any of those States, except New York, the opposition here claiming only Pennsylvania and A oa together with the entire South, to elect Buchaxan. Tam in constant correspondence with my friends in Southern Virginia, who tell me that the Fillmore lines are- giving way daily and falling over tothe Buchanan side. me among them whom | know to be inveterate haters of Buchanan and the demoeratic party, taking him, they say, as the most available candi for sla exten- sion, “Tencloge you one dollar, for —e send me your campaign paper, al ‘4 i J. M. BAYLY.. News from the British Provinces. ‘The Westmoreland Times says :—' it the whole of this section of the country everything in the oe food for man and beast is in the most satisfactory a, turnips, bay, oats, &c., never were more pro- others having previously his Admiral Fanshawe, C. B., naval Commander-in- on the North Americar station. The Admiral was the guest of Lieutenant Governor Sir Dominick Daly, during his stay. Having transacted business with the Governor, and with Mr. Perley, British Fishery Commissioner, he left again im the Basilisk on Saturday to return to % A proclamation bas been issued b; nernor, announcing that M. H. Perley, i, Hi. M. Com- missioner under the Reciprocity A Cushman, Fsq., United States same treaty, are now visiting Prince Edward Island, in the execution of their duties, and calling on all Sheriffs, Justices of the Peace, revenue officers and other inhabitants to give such aid and infor. mation to the Commissioners as they may request. It is said that the Commissioners havo recelved of money, from thelr Tespective governments, for nF ¢ of building a frst class vessel express! thar use, in which they will hereafter rests adapta fe bors, which, by the treaty, extend to latitude 36 degrees north (in North Carolina) to the extremity of Labrador, including the whole of Newfoundland. The Hal Journal of the 19 sores We oh ee understand that the submerged wires between Pro- vince and-P. E. Island work admirably, and find fall em- ployment; and tbat the other and more wonderful experiment between Newfoundland pt 5 Judge Haliburton has resigned, and is succeeded on the bench by Hon. L. M. Wilkins. The Cape Breton News says:—The of coal sbipped at Sydney mines to Ist August, 866, was 28,368 chaldrons; shipped to the Ist At 855, 25,090, leave ing a balance over last year of 3,278 chaldrons, New Patents Issued. List of patents issued from the United States Patent Of fice, for the week ending August 19, 1856, each bearing that date:-— Henry W. Adams, of New York, for improved mou! for pressing glass fountain lam Levi Averill, of Elmira, improvement in limo kilns. Jno. L. Brabyn, of New York, for im ia fare riture polish, 3 tea Lewis Bucbholtz, of Richmond, Va., for improved plas- tic compound. John H. Belter, of New York, for bedsteads. Gail Borden, jr., of Brooklyn, for improvement in cone centration of milk. Thos. Brownfield, of Georges township, Pa., for impro- vemest in wheels for carriages. iro. Brougbton, of Chicago, tor improved door spring. Joel Sryant, of Brooklyn, for carpenter's gauges. Chas. S. Bruit, of Baltimore, for improved sash sup- er. Oscar L. Cow'es, of the township ‘ot Teconsha, Mich., and Allen L. Deuring, of the tow: ‘of Homer,’ Mich., for improvement in clamping and upsetting fire. R. Eikemeyer, ot Yonkers, for improved method of re- gulatipg velocity 0) feed for sawitg mills. George Fetter, of Philadelphia, and John 8. McClintock, of Liberty ¥ Ill, for improvement in coupiing pij Ephraim D. Poss, of Mainville, 0., for ‘proved farm sence for rolling ground. et 'm. W. Hopkins, chester! Factory, N. H., for im- provement in Tnite cleaners. ; Lansing EB. Hopkins, Brooklyn, for improvement it felting compounds, Abraham Southworth, of New York, for improvement in paddle wheels. lean ( Hubbs, of New York, for improvement in ma- chines for adding’ numbers, Wm. H. King of Philadelphia, assignor to himself and Irae Hynemap, of seme place, for machine for sweeping gutters. F. A. Jewitt, of Abingdon, Mass., for improyementia thorough braces for carriages. Sherman Mclean, of Keynales Basin, N. Y., for im- provement in cupping instruments, Larkin 8. Moore, of Petersburg, for improvement im barve ting machines. Wm. Osborn, of Louisville, for improvement im ma- chines for pressing bonnets and bonnet frames. Chas. Parkhurst aod Chas. Weed, of Boston, for im- proved machine for forging horse shoe nails. jee Potter, of Ellicottsvills, for improved tenoning ma- chine. Adonijah Randel, of New York, for improved bristle eedarator. Edwin A, Russell, of Hookeet' N. H., for hand stamp. b if A. Rains, of Nashville, for improvement ia cart saddles Edward 8. Renwick, of New York, for improvement im valve motions for steam engines. Nathan Scholtield, of Norwich, Conn., for improvement in projectiles. a Frenels E. Sessions, of Worcester, for improved win- jow sash. John 8. Shapter, of New York, for improved ment of steem cylinder within the boiler a John 8, Shepler, of Beaver, Peun., for washing ma- chine. William B. Slaughter, of Chicago, for head rest to be used in railroad cars. — Wm, Titker, of Kelloggsville, Ohio, for improvement im barve tere R. W. Thiekens, of Brasher Iroa Works, N. ¥., for im« Proved vise. Chas. H. Watkins, of New York, for improved self clearing chimney cow! Ben). Weigert, of New York, for improvement in water- Proofing textile tebrics. Greenleaf A. Wilburn, of Skowhegan, Mo., for im- proged grapple for raisivg sunken bodies. Clarenden Williams, Franklin, Mo , for improved appa- ratus for boring artesian wolla. Jno. T. Willmarth, of Worcester, for improved machine for swaging iron. ' L peed Wyublad, of New York, for improvement Im jocks. A.C. Breckenridge, of Meriden, Conn., assigaor to Ju- live Pratt & Co., of same plaice, for im provement in frames: for blesching ivory. Wm. M. Parton, of Resselytile, Tenn., assignor to him- felfand Robert M. Barton, for improvement m machines: for drilling and ¢ressing atone. Levi J. Henry, ot New York, assigaor to Ben). J. Hart, “sik Stl Pahoa ob A Pn jah D Stowell, of Fulton, assignor in A. of Fame ES for improved wheelwright’s machine. Chas. Moore, of Trenton, N. J., for improvement in the: Process of preparing linseed, de, for pressing, in extract. ing oil, Wm. M. Barton, of Russelvillo, Tenv., assignor to bimelf and Kobert M, Barton, (or improvement in rock: ri le. Edward ©. Shephard, of New York, for improvement megueto electric machines. » Jonathan Read of Aiton, Tort remen’ Jonathan Read, jon, for i ts in meee Patented March 12, 1842; extended March i DRSIONS, N. 8. Veddar, of Troy, assignor to Cox, Richardson Poynton, of same place, for design for ¢ stoves. My mT ag Ripley, = ae agsignor to Cox, char¢son yo same “Eek Rises, ¢ ox, chen om, namton 0 away, ‘oy, axel & Boynton, of same p'ace, dettgn Be sactle stores... \ Brooklyn City Ni pada A lows, Drownrn i 4 even! ge. gg A hos ing. at 0 80 judeon avenue, was drowned, by falli cistern ear The Coroner was ott oat nnd Ne held J ry, Feturning ‘& verdict of “ death by ac.