The New York Herald Newspaper, July 17, 1856, Page 4

4 ——— @aNES GORDON GE Tt, BOITOR AND PROPRIETOR OPTS 8. W. COMMER OF NASSAU AND FCLION OTH tnd om ny grr cording wosd whe mews, pean re tuan ats UaSTuna ane Pace “NO NOTICE then of anonyrous communications We do return Chose On PRINTING executed win neatnen, cheapnens and dus *EDVERTICEMENTS rewwed every day. AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. NIBLO’S GARDEN, Sroadway—Niss Emma STANLEY UN me Seven Aces or Woman. BOWERY TIUFATRE, Bowery—Davin Corrsnrizp— Forget Row. BROADWAY VARIETIES, 472 Sroadway—Incomsk, Tam @annawiay, aNd ParTeENia, THR UREMK MAIDEN, FRENCH THEATRE, Chinese Build! 539 Broadway— La Qxan ve Russie Caarrentier, ov Le Bounomestne pe —s DECOUVERTE DE L’ AmEniqce—Sovs UN Bre DB jaz. WOOD'S MINSTRELS, 444 Broacdway—Zrmtorian Min- grarisy—ir Loaren-Torye. GELLER’S EMPIRE HALL, 596 Brosdway—Parniotio aud Misckuuneous TaBieux—NUsicAL Sorses. DUSSELDORF GALLERY, No. 497 Broa¢way—Vauvasue Pamrmes axp Starvary—Manrynpom oF Huss, &c. CITY ASSEMBLY ROOMS, ‘PuarsicnoRsaN ENTERTALNMENT. See eee New York, Thursday, July 17, 1856. Broadway—Mvsical AND The News. Our special despa'ch from Washington, pudlish- ed under the telegraphic head, is unusually impor- fant. Politicians of every hue should give itan attentive perusal. It is said Mr. Mason, our Minister to France, has resigned. The Senate yesterday passed the bill retroceding Georgetown to Maryland, a bill supplementary to the one respecting copyrights, approved Feb. 3, 1831, and the bill relative to Louisiana swamp lands and their claimants. The Senate then went into executive session on the appointments of the President filling ap the vacancies caused by the ac- tion of the Naval Retiring Board. The session lasted from one o'clock till five, and the discussion was a very warm one. The nominations of Captains Pendergrass and Nicholson were con- firmed, after which the Senate adjourned. The appointments will be considered from day to day, till they are disposed of. In the House Mr. Keitt made a speech defending his condut in the Brooks and Sumner affuir, and concinded by an- neuncing that he had resigned his seat. Mr. Keitt was very severe upon the nigger worshippers, par téoularly Mr. Burlingume. This ends the farce. The Illinois contested election case was then taken up, pending which the House adjocrned. Bome of the good people of Boston yesterday were worked up to an extraordinary pitch of excite- ment. The cause was nothing more nor less than the capture of a live fugitive slave. It appears that the captain of the bark Growler, from Mobile, on entering the harbor attempted to secure a negro named Williams, for the purpose of returning him vo his owner. Williams jumped overboard, bat was picked up bya boat. A writ of habeas corpus was med out in the Sapreme Court, and, upon an examination, no claimant appearing, the runaway was sent about his business. The decision ot the Judge was received by a large crowd with uproari- ous demonstrations of delight. The negro was im- mediately ticketed for Canada. ‘The meeting of the Central Fremont and Dayton Club held last evening, at Stuyvesant Institute, was large and enthusiastic. General Nye. Hon. Heary B. Stanon and Hon. James Briggs. of Obio, were among the speakers. A condensed report of what was said will be found in another colamn. ‘The democrats last night held their elections for the choice of delegates to the State Convention, to be held at Syracnse for the nomination of Presiden- tial electors and State officers. So far as we could aseertain, everything paseei off without distur bance. Full particulars are given eleewhere in our columns. The Board of Councilmen met last evening, and after transacting some unimportant business, ad- journed to the first Monday in Angust. We publish to-day some interesting inteilizence from California and Oregon, received by the mail steamer, but crowded out by the intelligemce brought from Nicaragua by the Orizaba; this completes eur semi-monthly record of the stirring events now taking place on the Pacific. Our badget includes an ioteresting letter from San Francisco in relation to the late proceedings of the Vigilance Commitiec Ocr correspondent makes an elaborate effort against the action of the Committee, aud we desire to give both sides a fair chance. A State Convention of old line whigs, composed of delegates representing forty-four counties, met wt Richmond, Va, yesterday. Onur correspondent in Callao, Pera, writing on 12th of June, reports the country as enjoying a poli- tical quiet which was #o remarkadie as to excite suspicion that it was merely the precursor of a revo- latiosery movem nt. Trade was brisk among the large fleet of tmding ships at the Chinchas. Vessels as the islands were having excellent despaich. Owners are advised to send ont American gold to pay bills there, as it will bring a premium ranging from five to ten per cent, and thus save the hich rates charged for drawing on account of charters. The Baropean news by the Niagara imparted greater firmness to cotton yesterday, an’ holders were firm at lifc. for middling uplands; but a+ @ealers were disposed to await the receipt of pri- wate letters due by the steamer, s.68 were ovailned to about 400 0 500 bales. Flour declined fully ! lc. per barrel, expecially on common and mediam grades of Stote and Western. Wheat was irregular and unrettied, with sales of Caneda wurte at about $1 75, and Mitwekie clad at $149. Cora was in ight sepply, ani sales of wixed Western were made at Sse. & Gle., ond of round yel!ow at 62c. Rye wae firm, at for prime Northern, for ex: port. Mess pork sold at $20 62). Lard was firm, with eoles of 106 tlerces and 30) kegs, at fall prices. Sugars wore siendy, with sales of about 800 bogebeads and 700 Yosee Cule, at rates given ie another eelame. Coffee wee anchanged and que’. There was rather more spirit in freights, bat without change of importance in rates. Cor Vera Crux and Havana correspondents, deting oo the dth and 10th of July respectively, contirm the report of the official severance of the ‘Men! incobas under which they had been so long euffering. The last of the Spanish war ships had qusled, taking ewny 6 betch of “epoflemen,” who bed long fomented division in the conntry, as the agents of (be Raropean goveraments, charging their —erviees” as Spanish claims. President Cymon fort would pay all just debts of the nation, and it was boped thet “pein would follow the example and & the wee. A Mew York’ clipper bark hed ap- peared ner Havana, and landed seven bandred and Oty Africans The deseription given of tne scene ard the proote afforded f the oMcta! conn e by ehoch 0 eale of the “peckages” was bronght about, ere ot once romantic and melancholy. The seam- bp ehe waeto te transferred to Spanie) owners, end placed on Ge line leteves Havena and San Jago te Ce. Ope writer amerts that there was no cholers ot Mewnna, whilet another states that there oe il coves’ ences daily. Vera Cron was deny, ad de rene py’ safe frow robles * ond ig not you Our epecial despatch from Washington, of last evening, in another columa, discloses one of the nicest littke democratic conspiracies for the de- feat of Mr. Buchanan that could possibly be de- vised. There Is, too, such a strong expression of consistency and method and purpose and reason about thir scheme, that we feel perfectly free to express the opinion that there is something in it; that the parties implicated, and their motives and objects, are fully equal to the measure of the plot, and that the complications of this canvass are highly favorable for carrying this plot into execution at @ venture. It is hardly necessary to say that the Pierce and Douglas democracy have swallowed the no- mination of Mr. Buchanan with a very bad grace. The fact is notorious, and there are abundant reasons for it, For twelve years Mr. Buchanan has been a conspicuous democratic aspirant for the Presidency; for twelve years he has had a clique devoted to him—a clique of calculating politicians—who have regularly brought him up and endeavored to push him through at every democratic national convention, rom that of 1844 down to this of 1856. In finally securing his nomination, this clique of devoted friends must stand with Mr. Buchanan as his first creditors—they, In brief, with hi election, will be nearest the throne, The leaders, disciples, followers and deeeivers of the Pierce, Douglas, Cass and Jeff. Davis cliques, respectively, are well aware of this, and accordingly, in working for Mr. Buchanan they feel very much like men working for nothing but the mere husks and straw of democratic princi- ples, for they have no assurance of anything bet- ter. The wish of Jeff. Davis. of Douglas, and even of Mr. Pierce himself, with Mr. Buchanan in the W House, must be seeondary, and sub- ject to the advice and couseut of Colonel Forney and his particular set. This, though in a smaller degree, was the incurable weakness of Clay, Web- ster, Calhoun, Cass and Martin Van Buren. Each had his pet clique of advisers, favorites and de- pendants, from which the outside masses recoiled as from a feast to which they were not iavited. Thusstands Mr. Buchanan. But this is not .1!: He is distrusted by younger d: Southern politicians as ~ an old fogy” « server; and at this crisis they would prefer 2 Southern maa for their Presid: such man, for example, as Mr. Bre The Richmond E er, Which, like the Washiag- ton Union, did its very best, if not its very worst, to defeat the nomination of Buchanan, has hardly been persuaded to believe him the best of all men since the deeree of the ati Convention. Mr. Pryor, of the Enquirer, is a protege of Mr. Pierce, and believes, no doubt, that Mr. Pierce has been treacherously sacrificed. At all events, as one of Mr. Pierce's little trumpeters, lore, ge. Mr. Pryor has sense enough to under- that he must make his peace with the grand chamberlain—Mr. Forney— before he can be admitted into the confi Mr. Buchunan. Does it need anything f than these hints to explain why the nomination of Mr. Buchanan drags so heavily? He is an “old fogy’—a timid old gentleman, except in the hands of Soulé—an old stager, with his little family contidential clique in every State, before whose claims and pretensions all other demo- crats, of high or low degree, must stand back; and is not this enough? Mr. Breckinridge oceupies a wholly different position. He is a new man—too young and fresh as a politician to have collected any barnacies or leeches upon his sides. Should he, by a chain of lucky accidents, be made President, he would be as available to Pierce men, Douglas men, and Jeff. Davis men, as to the original Buchanan m He has no clique upon his baek to break him down—no Forney to lead him by the nose—no rge family of beggarly dependants to provide © old fogy notions to hamper him this way or that way. He is young and fresh, and walks without cruiches. Hence, doubtless, the origin of this democratic conspiracy at Washington to lay Mr. Buchanan upon the ehelf, and to carry over his head into the White House, the un- pledged, uncliqued and wholly Southern Mr. Breckinridge, of Kentacky. This startling movement upon the democratic chess board opens before as ® new field of dis coveries, To Col, Fremont it will be like a look- out from some high mountain top over the va riegated face of some new country, enabling him to see ata glance “the lay of the land” ever a superficial ares of thousands of square miles. The fact is, that ax Fremont is ntly a nomination from the people, cted by the people, or he will be defeated ty the Southern Know Nothing and democratic politicians if they get him into the House, at Washington. They have all their plans arranged for setting Fremont, Bachaaan and Fillmore aside, in order to make room for Mr. Breckinridge. Let the people sce to it, and they may save these politicians the trouble. Fre- wont—we rm peat it—is a candidate from the peo- pl. He is neither a nigger worshipper nor a Know Nothiug; and if the conventions of these yorties have adopted him, they have but fallen in behit 1 the movement of the independent people end the igdependent press. Considering Fremont as bol.ing thie independent position before the country, we shall keep the whip over both Know No bings and nigger worshippers rigoronely az Governor Wise holds it over Mr. Buchanan 1a reference to the increased cash value of good healthy niggers, from one thousand to five thou- sand dollars apiece. The democracy are pretty thoroughly fright- ened. The ferocious war they are making upon Fremont— the terrible flounderings of Mr. Doug- jas and Company with their Kansas bills—and, laetly, this Washington conspiracy in anticipa tion of having the election carried up to Congress —all show that the usually “unterrified demo- cracy” are badly scared. And well may they be; for all the old party landmarks are done away with, the masses of the people have libe- rated themselves from the shackles of party re- gencies and party organs, and are free, and itis very evident they are going their own way. In this connection the rapidiy exteling popu- larity of Fremont is the most romactic feature of his romantic life. We have sever scen any- thing like it before. Like the Niagara river, thie furore for Fremont seems to be carrying ything with it, and we shoul’ 1"t woader if ali the old political hacks of the day, and old party platforms and party machinery, were to turn up among the ruius of the Presidential lection like the remains of the old barrels, boxer, logs and boards that have been carried over Niagara Falls, and through the Whirlpool down inio Lake Ontario—all broken up into kindling wood. Truly ie thie the age of revolutions; but the We must etand hy tho people, ce of NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, JULY 17, 1856, The Revelation in Californie—Is it Treason! Interference of the President. ‘The continuance of the disturbances in San Francisco, the cool and calm determination of the Vigilance Commitéee on the one hand, and the enrolment of an antagonist force, under the authority of the Governof} on the other, natu- rally turn the attention Of, reflecting people to the probable issue. How will this struggle end? What will be dqne with the actors in the scene? Is it a revolution’or an insurrec- tion? Are the acts committed’ treasonable, or only breaches of the peace? ow ‘The question is asked, whether should have been attempted under the forms of the ex- isting laws, and whether the presemt illegal me- thod of redress was not the only praper one to be pursued? + It is evident that the assassinatiomof James King of William, for his editorial independence, was but a forerunner of what the reformers of the press had to expect if they persisted it calling for reform. The continual escapes of the most depraved criminals from the hands of j were also an indication that they were in no danger of punishment, no matter what they might do. We come to the conclusion inevitably, then, that the citizens who have, as a Committe of Vigilance, taken into their keeping the substan- tial power of the State, administering the details of criminal law independently of the rules of courts, have acted under ti spnviction, which in their manifestoes they solemuly have declared, that forbearance had not only ceased to be a vir- tue, but was no longer possible. This is their apology. They disclaim all intention of subvert- ing the government. Are these movements treasonable ? Are they treasonable against the United States, or the State of California, or both? It is the former branch of this question which nearly concerns us, Eight thousand Californians in arms, supported ly the majority of the people of the State, need not much fear any technical or legal consequen- ces from their present acts, A change in the State administration there will carry full pardon 1! offences. They will have little to fear in ‘ton. But what are the relations which ween them and the United States as a Are they traitors to the Union at We have in our national career suffered so little from treason that it has greatly troubled the lawyers todefine it. It hasbeen doubted whe- ther treason might be conmitted against any one of the States. Our own constitution defines trea- son against this State to consist in levying war against the people within the State, a combina- tion of two or more persons to subvert or over- turn the government, evidenced by forcible at- tempts, or adhering to the enemies of the State under certain circumstances. Similar provisions are to be found in all the constitutions of the States. Nevertheless, it is the best settled opi- nion, and the uniform course of practice, to con- sider the levying of war against a State as a State offence, cognizable by a State court, and pnnishable by State authority. If this be so, the United States have nothing to do with the pro- ceedings of the Vigilance Committee, and they have committed no treason against the Union. The constitution, however, looks to the proba- bility of insurrections and domestic violence— and they have occurred in Massachusetts, Penn- sylvania and Rhode Island. By the fourteenth clause of the eighth section of the first article, Congrees has power to provide for calling forth the militia to “suppress insurrections,” and such laws have accordingly been passed. By he fourth section of the fourth article, the United States are bound, “on application of the Legislature or of the Executive, when the Lezis- jature cannot he convened, to protect a State against domestic violence ; and these acts have clothed the President with the necessary power. It seems, by the reports from Washington, that the Governor of California has made a requisi- tion for tue interference of the President; bat it is evident from the news of the last steamer, that he had not made any attempt first to convene the Legislature. If this does not appear clearly and distinetly, the President need not interfere. The old acts of Congress, passed in the time of Wachington and Jetferson, which gave the Presi- dent his powers in detail to suppress insurrections, should be thoroughly examined ; and the course taken, if he does interfere, and the exigeney of which the United States Court hus declared bim to be the sole judge, ia deemed to bave arisen, probebly will be to ixeue » proclamadon calling on the present organization to diesolve, with the offer of pardon on submission. We have no doubt but that the Vigilance Committee would be well pleased to have the presence of a re- spectable body of Unite] States troops, ander the command of such a pacificator as General Wool. Confidence would be restored, and if the ballot box stuffers, gamblera, blacklege and asasins should carry the approaching elections in spite of superior numbers and respectability combined against them, California had better go out of the Union and become a dependency of the Czar, whose territory is contiguous to their own and washed by the same ocean, which should no longer be called the “Pacific.” At any rate, the solution of the problem is not difficult, view it as we may Tue Cevrrat Rarnoap Comraxy axp THe State Euection._We understand that the Cen- iral Railroad Company are making preparations to control the actions of either political factlon which may be successful in the coming State eleo- tion. Whichever organization shall win the day —whether the nigger drivers or the nigger wor shippers elect their State ticket—the managers of this corporation expect to be able to perpeta- ate the present odious . and to make such additions to it as they think proper. A few of the leading lawyers residing on the line of the railroad, ambitious to figure in the poll world, have been engaged to reprosent the ral lrond interest in the State Conventions, and to fix thc nominations for State officers. They are directed to humbag the delegates from the rura districts—to lead them into a trap by a sort of patent stuffed ballot box game—so that things may be fixed to suit the managurs of the rail- road monopoly. The democrats have called two conventions, to meet at Syracuse on the 30th instant. Dean Richmond, the Vice President of the Central Railroad corporation, is the chairman of the sqft concern, and he will attend to his bre of the business outside, while Lorenzo Dow Shepard and company will appear on the floor to duct operations ia his behalf. We understant that the railroad interest, on this efde, hae putin nomination for Governor Addiron Gardiner, fersel T. Hatch, William Hf. Ladiow, Erastus Corning. Judge Vanderbilt and several others enough, Fernando Wood is the anti- poly candidate. His independence and #, when he took offer, commended i'm to favor in the country, and upon him the op-| THE LATEST NEWS. ponents of the railroad monopoly rest their hopes. The railroad men among the nigger worship- pers put forth several candidates. Among the number are E. D. Morgan, Christopher Morgan, of Cayuga (the partner of Seward), George Law and others. The anti-monopoly men on this side have united upon Greeley, whose claims to the distinction seem to be based upon the shape of his hat, the cut of his pantaloons, and the char- acter of his boots. On the Know Nothing side, Erastus Brooks is the only candidate mentioned. It is very well known that there are two representatives of the Brooks family—one North and the other South. The one from the South has just decamped from Washington, and the one at the North is busy disseminating thedoctrinesof the Know Nothings. Erastus Brooks is the only candidate mentioned by the Know Nothings, and the railroadmen need give themselves no trouble about him. He is in favor of any monopoly which will bring him in large lots of money, and his influence will always be found on that side. There can be no doubt that the men at the head of these schemes care more for the election of Governor and State officers than for all the candidates for the Presidency. Their purpose is to obtain the control of the entire executive and legislative branches of the State government, in order to carry out their scheme for uniting the Hudson River and such other railroads as they may fancy, and for purchasing the canals at half price. The names above mentioned for Governor— Gardiner, Hatch, Vanderbilt, the Morgans, Law, Ludlow and Brooks—are those of men who are all presumed to be in the interest of the mono- poly, and pledged to the help of the money changers, railroad consolidations, dry dock corpo- rations, and similar speculative operations. It will be well for the people of this State to be on their guard, and to be sure to send such delegates to the conventions as wil! put in nomination candidates who are opposed to ‘Such stockjobbing operations as have disgraced New Jersey and several other States of the Union. Mr. Brooxs Saves tue Counrry.—Are our readers aware of ihe debt of gratitude they owe to Mr. Brooks, of South Carolina? Do they know that it is through his magnanimity that we have escaped the horrors of bloody revolu- tion and civil war? If they are incredulous, let them carefully read the following brief extract from his remarkable speech to the House of Rep- resentatives on the day of the final proceed- ings of that body in reference to the Sumner af- fair:— When, he remarked, the people of the great North speak of me asa bad man, they will do me thejestice to say that a blow from me at this time would be followed by revolution, and they know it; (applause, seemingly confined to the galleries); but no act of mine shall favor a revolution, I am not willing to see the constitution wounded through me. This is the deliberate declaration of Mr. Brooks in Congress, and it was applauded by the galle- ries as an expression, we dare say, of their grati- tude for the ~wagnanimity of Mr. Brooks in de- clining to strike the-blow that would lead to the dissolution of Congress in a free fight, the sus- pension of the government at Washington, and the dissolution of the Union in a bloody revolu- tion. Magnanimous Mr. Brooks! We begin to euspect that if Mr. Brooks should be lost on his way to South Carolina, a commission de lunatico nquirendo would be most likely to discover his whereabouts. “ A blow from me at this time would be followed by revolution!’ Mon dieu! This is worse than Gen. Foote, of Mississippi, who predicted one day in the Senate, that on the coming Monday the Union would be dissolved in the House of Representatives, at twelve o'clock precisely. Mr. Brooks is ahead of Mr. Fill- more and Mr. Buchanan, for they only recommend disunion and revolution in the event of the election of their Presidential rival, Col. Fremont. Mr. Brooks beats even Chevalier Webb, a notorious fighting man, who is never happier than when mixed up with bloodshed, in detail or by wholesale; for Chevalier Webb only recommends the sword provided the border ruffians ere not otherwise expelled from Kansas. Wendell Phillips, Theodore Parker and Wm. Lloyd Gar- vison, run mad disunionists and revolutionists, as they are known to be, are harmless agitators com- pared with Master Brooks; for he has only to lift hie hand, and it will be followed by revolution, We think it lucky for the country that Con- gress has been relieved, even temporarily, of an individual so dangerous to the peace of the Union; for Mr. Brooks does strike sometimes, when least expected. But though the blow which isto be followed by revolution is withheld for the present, what security have we that it will not be administered with the return of Mr. Brooks, re-endorsed, from South Carolina? We must commission the warlike Chevalier Webb to keep a sharp eye upon the belligerent Mr. Brooks, Where are those mahogany stock pistols ? Ay Exrie prow Vinorsta on THe Stomp.—aAl the meeting of the Fremont Club, this evening, of the Eleventh ward, at Manhattan Hall in Fourth street, Mr. Underwood (the exile from Virginia, on account of his participation in the late Philadelphia Convention) is to speak. See advertisement. Mow Paws Sraxtey.—This res\ly gifted lady still draws crowds of our best citizens, by hor ekilfal and artistic illus- trations of “The Seven Ages of Woman.’ The attend- ance (nereases nightly, and the appinuse is sufficiently Learty amd «pontancous to satisfy Ler that her audiences justly appreciate her talent, yet, in the very midst of thee eeecene, comes an announcement that Miss Stanley can eppear only four nights more. This we consider a positive leas to ourselves and the community. but aa she really leaves us to virlt Philadelphia, we can only advise those Who have not yet seen ber, to do soatonce. She appears ibe evening. City Poltties. Tee Porwore ayn Doweson Cestaat Commrrrer.—A private meeting of the Central Committee of the Fillmore avd Denemon clubs of (hie city was held at No. 643 Broad- wey, last evening. A® Do reporters were admitted wo are unable state what took place. We presume, how. ever the Presidential election was the «\l-absorbing topic Yard, Brooklyn —Svamebrp Niagara, receiving machine- ry, will noon be rendy fer con. Soop Vincennes, Com mander Redge-s, from Mio hip Nebel, Lieut. Commander Cooke, from ihe Brorilian rtation. store ship Supply, Lieut, Commander Porter, ready for ea, eat! about 20th July. A navel mail bag w be made orm room, Navy Vara, Brook yo Nerth, receiving ondrom, will preceed to Fenencola sbowt the tattor part thee meme Her Aretic, Com sander Herriman, to empl ved ine line of eoond'ns from St. Johns to Tro. sod, will sail oo Monday nex. Frigate Potomac, Com fag #hop of home rqeadron seam: ving ettemsive repaire. forlowing are in ortimary —Pr gates Brandy wins and cabine, steamer Deepat.o, sloop Falmouth, recwiving ~) yp North Carolina, Orders have been received at the Gosport Navy Vard to get the frigste ®. Lawrence ready (or sen immediately, to joie the eqondroe om the Conet of Brasil, as the fing ship of Commo'ore French Forest, who guecends Com Santer, avd to relieve the rita 4 om (hat stavon Tbere are pow five rhipe Oe Gut at Goxpor, sa —The Reanoke, Colorado, Powhatan, Raritan and * ee BY MAGNETIC AND PRINTING TELEGRAPHS, Startling News from Washington. DEMOCRATIC CONSPIRACY TO DEFEAT MR. BUCHANAN, AND TO SECURE THE ELECTION OF JOHN C. BREOK- INBIDGE AS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES— THE NAVAL APPOINTMENTS—MR, KEITT'S SPEECH— RECALL OF MINISTER MASON, ETC , BTC. Wasnixaton, July 16, 1856, Avery curious and important secret movement is on foot here in behalf of the Southern democracy, being no Jess than a conspiracy of the original friends of Pierce, Cass and Douglas, in the South and Southwest, so to shape the Presidential contest as to throw the election in. t the House of Represertatives by throwing away threo or four Southern States upon Fillmore, the great object ‘being the defeat of Buchnnan and the election of Breckin- ridge to the White House. It is supposed that by thus carrying up Fremont, Bu- chanan and Fillmore t the House, the old game of the election of Speaker will be repeated between the three parties, and that thus in personal expianations, Buncombe speeches and barren voting, the whole session, from De cember to the 4th of March, will be exhansted. If by hat time there iz no election by the House, the Constitu- tion of the United States declares that the person elected as Vice President shall be President, as in the case of death or constitutional disability of the President, Andit there be no Vice President elected by the people, through & majority of all the votes of the electoral college, then the Benate shall choose the Vice President from the two highest candidates from the pecple. (See amendments to Constitution. ) The calculation, then, is first to throw the election into the House—second, to fritier away the session without coming to a choice; and thus, by throwing the issue upon the Senate, to secure the election of Breckinri !ge as Presi- dent of the United States. In the Senate such would be the inevitable result, whether Breckivridge should come before them with a clear majority of the electoral vote or the highest or the lowest of the two candidates car- ried in, To make sure, however, of a good elect ral vote for Breckinridge, some of the leading South Americans have been let into the plot, and it is arranged that Mr. Mum- phrey Marshall, of Ky., and Mr. Rayner, of N.C., aud others, sball take the stump in Kentucky, North Caro- lina and other States, for Fillmore and Breckinridge, a diversion which, it is contident!y expected, wil! give even the Fillmore States of the South to Breckinridge. You will see the working of the plot when they start the machinery. Capt. Pendergrast’) pominatfon was confirmed by a majority of seven votes. The opposition arose from the fact that the Navy bill may be defeated in the House ‘The provision ir the bill requiring captains to be styled * flag ofticers”’ is pronounced nonsense, there bemg no flag in the service to designate grades. Commodore Stewart will resign if the bill becomes a law. Me refuses to sub mit to u court of inquiry. There were large numbers of officers about the Capitol to-day, watching the progress of ‘things. The Senate in executive session to-day, had under con- sideration all the naval promotion nominations which had ben laid aside till the passage of the bill yesterday, as ably advocated by the chairman of the Naval Commitice, Mr. Mallory. A great deal of feeling was manifested in the debate, and but two confirmations were made before the adjournment. There is no doubt all the nominations will be confirmed to-morrow. Colonel Richardson is in Iilinois, having paired off some weeks ago with Mr. Mace, of Indiana, who is also ab- sent. It is well understood these gentlemen would bave voted on the Brooks resolution on different sides, had they been present. Senator Toucey is still quite ur well. Mr. Masen, I understand, has requested to be recalled from Pwis. This is apart of the game. Friends must be rewarded, ‘Thurlow Weed and several of his staf from the Albany lobby have arrived here. What's in the wind? ‘The impression prevails that the proposition for a re- cess will not prevail, but that Congress will adjourn in about four weeks. It is rumored that James Watson Webb is McCormick's principal lobby agent here. ‘The California land title bill ls on the Speaker's table, ‘The recent California developements will probably in¢uce its friends to let it drop quietly. Mr. Keitt’s speech to-day was able and manly. He did fuil historical justice to his State, and though severe in bis denunciations of ber maligners, be did not transcend the license of parliamentary debate, like many of bis op- ponents. Ademocratic caucus was held bere this evening, of which Mr. Bright was the chairman. It was merely for the purpose of a free interchange of opinion concerning the Presidential election and comparing notes as to the relative prospects, which those present considered de- cidedly favorable for success. Mr. Hanscom, the correspondent of the New York Tritune, was assaulted this evening by Captain Pate, for a refueal to retracta statement made by him, that the latter showed the white feather in surrendering his Missour: company of twenty-ve men to fifteen free State men infKansas. Another jury was procured to-day, for a new trial of Mr. Herbert for the killing of the waiter Keatiug, select- ed from ove hundred and five talesmen. From Albany. NO DECISION IN THE STATS TREASURER’S CASE— CONFLICT OF OPINION BETWEEN TWO SUBORDINATES OFPICIALS—CANAL BOAKD—HUNGRY SET OF HYT- NAS CHASING THE TREASURY, ETO. Atmany, July 16, 1866, ‘The de#patch sent from this elty to the New York press stating that the Governor had dismised the complaint preferred against the Treasurer, is incorrect. Dowu t this moment no decision has been rendered. The rumor obtained circulation from an expression of Mr. Raker, the Governor's private secretary. He, in conversation, told Mr. boty, the Deputy Treasurer, that the Governor had diemissed the complaint. “Mr. Doty mentioned th to his privcipal, Mr. Clark, the Treasurer. Mr. Clark—as the matter had been before the public for several weeke—desired some oilleial textinony that he had been relieved from the coarres of mali aance in office, preferred by the State Kagineer; and, encournged ‘by the Lieutenant Governor, addressed @ respectful now to the Governor, requesting an official statement in writing that the care was divposed of, av he had beeu (n- formed. Upon the receipt of this note from the Treasn- rer, his Excetiency Gov. Clark manifeste’' great surprise, and transmitted a verbal reply that he had not passed jodgment on the matter nor authorized any p reon se to intimate or declare. So the alfuir rests at present. It # said that his Excellency’s private secretary denies having made the communication to Mr Doty, while the latter ts fortified with affidavits to sustain his side of the question. ‘The Canal Board is now in session adjudicating upon claims referred to them. The State House is now crowded with the identical lobby which infested the Legislatcre during the late session. The people would be ast smishet to witness the voracity with which there claimants attack the treasury. There are a fw members of the Cana) Board who possess sufficient nerve to resist these public plunderers, although it is feared they may be overraled by majority in faver of the canal pirates. Most of th eases are decided upon e parts evidence, aod just such witnesses are produced as never could withstand cross ‘examination in « court of justice, News from Kansas. Cmicaso, July 15, 1856. ‘The Tribune has advices from Leavenworth to the It. inst. Gen Persifer Smith has arrived there. A deputa tion of citizens waited upon him, asking protection of their lives and property against armed marauders fron the South in the different river towns. He replied that he had no autherity; that the armed bands were regular!) enrolled militia, acting under the color of jaw, aud that there was no redress except by civil law. Destructive Fire at Corning, N.Y. Kismma, July 15, 1856. Afire broke out at Corning last night, in Dyer’s block, and before it could be eubdved forty tenement, in the business part of the place, were smouldering in aches. ‘The buildings were of wood, and the fire raget with the moet intense fory. Every building on Main stroet, cast of Dickinson House, was consumed with the exception of one store, Only eix stores are leftin the place. The lows ie ertimated at one bundred and twenty to one hundred ‘and Gity thougand dollars, of which filly thowand is in sured. Tho ‘ire is supposed to have been the work of aa \peendiary Attempt to Burn the Rochester House of Refuge. Rocnwerm, July 16, 1956, Yesterday two of the inmates of the House of Refuge in thie city, attempted to burn it down, by setting fire t some shavings in a cupboard. The fire, however, w « a) covered extinguiehed before any my dama_ we vene The boys that committed the deed were i. Jeg 4, ar! placed Wp contnement, Great Fxcltemert im Boston, AN ESCAPED SLAVE SEIZED BY CITIZENS, AND Ate LOWED TO GO FREF BY THE COURT. Bostoy, July 62 P. M, Jozeph Williams, a slave at Mobile, escaped in the brig Growler, just arrived here, The captain, ov catering the harber, attempted to secure bim for the pyrpose of taking him back, but Willia:ns jamped overboard, and, was picked up by a boat, aud the Vigilanze Committee being immediately notitied, a writ of habcas corpus was issued. He is now before Judge Bigelow, and a hearing of the case is going on. ‘There is considerable excitement about the Court House. This afternoon Wiliams was brought before Judge Metcalf, of the Supreme Court, on the writ of habeas corpus that had been issued, and no one appearing as a claimant against him, he was told to go free, An out burst of applause greeted this order, whion the officers and Court in vain tried to check, [nm the meantime the colored man was seized by bis fiends, and harmed out of the court room. He was taken to the house of a colored citizen, and thence put on board of the first train of cars for Canada, Captain Pillsbury, of the bark Growler, from ‘wpoees ‘vessel William» was taken, did not appear in Court. The affair caused great FHIRYY-PUCKTH CONGRESS. FIKST SESSION. Senate. stuxcrox, July 18, 1858. RETROCESSION OF GEORGETOWN TO MAKYLAND, Mr. Brows, trom the Committee on the District of Co- lumbia, reported a bil retroceding Georgetown to Mary and. covyniGnts, ‘The bill supplementary to the act amendatory of seve- ral acts respec ing copyrights, approved Febroary 2, 1831, was reported by Mr. BAYARD, from the Committee on the Jnoiciary, Mr. Sxwaxp hoped the bill would immediately be poy on its passusre, ax it was of considerable importiace, ‘The bill was par LOUISIANA SWAMP LANDS, The bill tor the final a%judication of questions of titer to swamp lands, betweer private claimants and the State of Louisiana, was passed THE THREE MILLION BILL, Mr. Joxes, (dem.) of Tenn., madea speech on ther Three Minion Armament bill, contending that the appro- priution Was necessary to piace, the country in a propor state of defence. Tt was ace not a war meas’ ‘There was not arnmunition enough on the whoie coat to. fire teu rounds with the guns there, aud in case- of war there was not nin the whole country to tre: twenty-five roun our guns. The further o tion Of the bill was then po-t- poned till Monday. EXECUTIVE BBSSION, The Senate then wert int executive session, and wes neariy four hours exguged in consideration of ‘the ques- lien whet ber the more than two hundred nomina'tons or prometions by the President, sent in some moutns ago, lo supply the vacancies ovcagioned by the action of the jae Naval Beard, she be passed the- House shall take action on the Senate renoy tor meritorions 6 3 aggrieved by the Navat Finaily Mes nlergast and Nicholson were verally contirmed ‘plains, by so large a vote as to» be regurded favorable to all the remaining nominations ‘The Senate will probably go into executive session on them to-morrow. Agjourned. House of Ki tatives, Wasmxcton, July 16, 1856. 's DEFENCE. ., said it was not his purpose den any breach or exacerbate any feelifg. He referred the opposite. He vindieated Sovth Garo- brought against her conduct in» the Ea volution. 'y depicted the sufferings and potriotism of the South Caroliniams, confending what the» exploits of Masrachusetts in that struggle had been great- ly exaxgerated, Mr. hunts, after speaking in dis; ent of Massa- and in po etary terms of Mr. Burlin- ¢ gentiments and rhetoric, said he was im the omumitted, He knew that it would be committed Mr. Sumner should make~ an explanation or apology: but he repeated he knew pot the time when. nor the place where, the assault: would be made. He did nat anticipate it would be in the» Senate chamber, Northern papers had attempted to es- tabli-h complicity on hie part, charging it as a slave- Lolding act, auc had attempted to tx the responsibility op South Carolina, Those who wich to drag in dust the garments of their State might do it. fie cer- tainly sbould not soil the garments of It ‘appeared that his offence was e+ did not tna informer, a character which he branded ay infamous, He would never violate the coniidence reposec + even by his bitterest enemy ageiast the best frieno he hac, “Was he to inform in fayor of @ maa who» bad made false charges against South Carolina, and slan- Gered @ cistinguishd Senator, a relative of his late col- league, Mr. Brooks? bor the individual opinion of the House, be cared nothing; but he did care for the opinion of the House officially expressed, He represented men- who jive on dattic pl which had been defamed by Mr. Summer, and therefore be was sensitive: He had al- ready vent bis resignation to the Governor of South Caro- to take effect to-day, and would now announce be was no longer amember of this Congress. The galleries aypicuded, while cries of “order” went bp from these . ‘The friends ot Mr. Keitt crowded round him and shook. bancs with bim, and amtd considerable coufusivn be re ured. THE ILLINOIS CONTPSTED FLECTION. ‘The House then took up the resolutions of the Commit- iee on Elections, that J.C. Allen was uot, y Archer was, elected a representative from 11 ebtitled to his seat. Mr. Wasnrckxn, of Maine, advocated the resolution. Mr. Atiey replied fa bis own defence. Adjourned. Convention of Virginia Old Line Ricamowp, July 16, 4856. A S\ate Cop vention of old line whigs met ai Metropoii- tan Mall, ip this erty, at 0 o'clock this morning, an i tem.~ porarily orgapized by calling Wm. H, MeFarlan!, of Rich mend, to the chair; R. 0 Ri , of the Riehmond: Whig, and & T. Peters, of Lyne! were the Secreta. ries.” Forty-one counties and four cities were represeated by i21 delegates. A revolution. offered by Mr. Harrer, of Augasta, that the Convention was cemposed of whigs acknowle !¢ing no other pelitteal ties or olin ties, was referred to the Com- mittee on Per ‘Orcuniaation, Several speeche. were ima WeFantasy, and wnother by Aexaxoer Rrves, brother of Hon, W, © Rives, who spoke strongly in behalf of Mr, Filimore, avd declared that the democratic party was not national, bot had been seetionalized by the Cincinpatl: Convention, that |t« plottorm was a filibustering one; thas the whig party wae the only trie national party, and that after the Presidential election the American party would tnd it neeersary te fall buck into the traces of the na tonal whigs. The Covventien then adjourned ull 5 P. M. The Conv ntion reassembied at 6 P. M., when threo- more counties were recresented by twenty delegates. The Conmrittes on Permanent Organization reported Wyedam Re vineon, of Washington county, for President, wih ay ah pg, and five Secretaries. The re+- was ; rr Romaecr made» epeech, in which he vriefty com- pared the whig and democratic parties. ‘The committee on Mr. Thurper’s resolution reported tha the call for the Convention was clearly enongh under~ stood a exeliding On motion of Mr. Mer was appointed to preparc revolutions expressive of tho- sense of the Convention. Hon Wm. 1. Goocr sapportet the claims of Mr. Pill- more opporing Mr. Be banan aed denouncing the Cincia-- bat) platform Adjourped Wil 11 A. M. to-morrow. Fremont Mectings In Pennsylvania, Powwens July 15, 1866, Enthovinste ratifivation meetings were held bere lasd+ night. by the friends of Fremont ani Dayton tm Pitteburg, . and Fremont sod Johnston uw Allegbeny. Quite a Fivairy existed between the two sections as to « which meeting shuwld be the iargeet Leperal Wi lam Motipean presite? over the Mtteharc meeting, aneivted by twerty Vice Presidents, Addy vane we de by Renator term, Of Mawvachoretts; Jotm> A Welle, of Couforpin, Thomas Willams, Gov, Ford, of © Obie, and others. Mr Hertnyame had been announced, hut was pet present. “lesolutions ap roving the nun! ame tons of Fremont and iuyten ant the plat‘orm of the re pobsican parts were eet cpa At the Allevhers meetcg Dr. Waa Woods presided, as- sbted by nineteen Vice iresidenw. addressed by Gove: por be Massachusetts, an! Mews. Fr detincton apivared F. a prenee thanks. and etd & be could by any mrane surrender the troet repeved fa him by the imerican pare ty, he would willingly do 9. ur. Mr. Kutt, (dem.) 01 Strong resolutions were paseed, oppesing crvil ec. lee te eth ~ The mite says that the Americans preni showed every tepeition te mert the republicans on terms of ut being repuleed they mow ratify the Le 1) rement and Johnston, Generel Wilson, of Maseachusette, has express? to evernl his intention to vote for Me. Johnaton for tae View residency, in preference to Mr. Dayton. Commencement of Harvard Commencement at Harvard was observed to day with the ve ceremonies: attendance wan large and the exercises bighly satisfactory. The follow. ite degrees were conferred — Moser if Arte—Coart # Deane, of Cambridge, and Jas, 8. Rebords, of Philadelphia, Doctors +f Divinity—Rev. Honry FIN, Athens, Greece, Rev. Jos P Thempeon, of the Broadway Tabernacle, N. Y.: Rev. E. H. Chapin, New York; Rev. Thos. Worcester, Borton The echooner William Lewis, fonnd abandoned at som, and taken into Newport, is suppored to be asiaver which bas been deserted after making a voyage to Africa, Extension of the Telegraph to Martha’ Ms Vineyard. ” Woon's Horn, Mase., July 16, 1956. A substantial Frglish cable, con! this istand the Cape Boston, was succersfull; A... Lae Compan y, ne is now in good order, cotfpecting at Boston with the Tinen Of the Amore ap Telegraph,