The New York Herald Newspaper, July 13, 1856, Page 3

te i et Chronicle of June 28, observes:— has only to vere, in order to the ascendency which the gentleman always over the mere The Manchester Guardian, a tory a 4 ob ag gy tee tn chat fe in ‘been unseasonably protracted. Lord Clarendon ob- , however, that he has repeasedly informed Buchanan that he wished to retire from a troa- ‘biesome and worthless ion (in Central Ame- Tica) as 800n as we do so with honor. ‘London News of June 27, says:—But having sacted as he has done, Lord Clarendon appears to shave made as dignified and sensible a reply to Mr. eam ‘the position which he now occupies per- The London Post, a Cabinet o , of June 27, says: it the gg England has felt wertul for false pride, and has acted honestly, and with the utmost temperance. ae J z E / conduct will be met as it deserves by ‘the United States remains to be seen. The London ing Gazette, a mercantile or- gan, of June 27, say: ’e hope, with Lord Claren- that the conferences which are about to take lace between Mr. Dallas and himself will be con- in Corals gil of cordiality and frankness hich is di by the ritain and the United States. Letters from Moscow speak of the magnificent reparations made there for the coronation of the yr. The ceremonial will be re, by that was observed at the coronation o{ the late Em Nicholas; the changes to be introduced be owing to the circumstance that the late ba el jer II. will Advices from Milan, of the 21st of June, mention that a movement on a large scale, indeed on the whole line of the Italian peninsula, is in course of This movement is attributed to Maz- cy, in order to anticipate another move- ment of @ more constitutional character. The Bishop of Arras, France, has issued a pasto- ral letter on the present position ot the Roman States. The prelate says :—The people of Rome is Persea, hee of the eet in the whole world. calm and mild hand of the government, ‘whose only reproach is its being too paternal, an -while everywhere else the minds of men are lowered and mat lized, Rome continues to cultivate litera- ture and the arts with a serenity,an owes and @ suecess which would be impossible without the well-being of each and the security of all. The Royal Geographical Society of England met ‘on 23d of June. A memorial to Lord "Palmerston ‘was read by Sir Roderick Murchison. Impressed * swith the belief that her Majesty's missing ships, the Erebus and Terror, «r their remains, are still frozen Pg distance from the spot whence certain relics of Sir John Franklin and his crews were ob- by Dr. Rae, the memorialists urge upon his lordship the desixableness of sending out an expedi- wp asap le at ach soar fe upa w ext e et to ‘The elevation of a prelate of the Greco-Ruthenian rite to the Cardinalate, in the late Consistory, is a = IR Fearing t0 the urgent representations ’ lo. i ee ite e i qanzer to act as spies for the Inquisition. The; ave rewarded by corkaie immunities and peivdlagen! Advices: from St. Petersburg, of June 23, say:— An Imperial ukase of the 16th announces the re- vision of the customs tariff of 1850. The duty on coffee imported sea is reduced 70 copecks per poud (about 4 cen! per 20 kilogrammes.) From Spain we learn that disturbances took place recently at Valladolid and Valencia. The troops were called out and did their duty. An odd thing occurred lately in respect to a een, in Paris, The ex-Queen Christina paid a |, the Pope's legate, imme diately after which bis Eminence proceeded to th “Hospital for Incurable Women.” An old Ind, ing toa one of the Seed endnens ministers of the pp gag I me treasury for year are 120, and the disbursements £8,254,105. ‘The Consul Of New Granada, in London, writes to the London Times thus, with reference to the robbery of gold in New Granada (£9,000) :—1 beg to inform you that the was planned and executed in Medellin, and not ena. Michigan and ox "cae Company From the Cleveland Horald, Jaly 8.) |, Cook & Co. ot. The Michigan and Erie Tele to £7,112,436, re balance in favor on the 30th or E everyting. the jury having disagreed, tho case admissibility of J mn the copy of a despatch received, frat character, in English, would, for the ‘he taken as an original; to be produced, - tS ge established the fact that the mistake ‘at the detendant’s office at Meadville, in receiv. message from the wires, and writing it oat for de- if the message, as received by the plaintiftx’ at Meadville, was obviously erroneous, he be justified in Sto? ity of this ease he right 4. That the rule of A yy bd ye F re-rold the wool at Meadville, and charged the with the loss. Judgment for the plaintiffs for $750, with interest. The Manifest of the United States in a German it of View. The well knowo German naturalist and traveller, D, Moritz Wagner, who lately visited, on a scientific tour, North and Central America, has, in his last work, “Costa Rica,”’ the following highly iniesoating remarks on the futu"e of the Anglo-Aiserican and Spanish-American racess— In the greater part of Central America, which, stace its separation from Spain, has been devastated by anarchy and civil wacs, people have now arcived ata resting which seems ‘ura change fora better regu- and hey are ition. From the table land of ‘Mexico to the Isthmus of Panama there prevails a general presentiment among the populations that they will be, probably at no very distant time compelled for the benetit of their own country, although to the ruin of the race which has till now governed them, to join tho striped banner of the “‘Union,’’ and to follow, like satellites, in the orbit of the same planet. ‘The Spanish-Americans look with a sort of painful foel. ing at this new movement, into which they are hurled by Providential power stronger than human resistance, ‘They have @ well founded presentiment which fills thes with apprehension, that in this forced alliance with t! stronger race their own Weaker one must succumb, or Will, at the best, but poorly vegetate. Nevertheless, every one is convinced that, by tranaplauting there 4 more energetic race of men, these countries cannot bu be greatly improved. Along with the Yankees, capital, bunks, commercial and industrial activity, immigration ratiroads, steamboats, and plank roads will simultane ously, be introduced. But, at the same time, the Span ish. American race, in that blessed tropicai region, wher } nature bountifully supplies whatever maa has need of for his sustenance, will also lose the privilege of indulging it pleasant indolence, without caring for the gigaatic pro gress of neighboring civilization. To avoid forced annexation to, or absorption by th: United States, the Spanish-Americaus were offered as th) simplest and, perbaps, most effectual moans, a stron , confederation, which could find its natural chief in th» Mexican republic, and to which would belong not only th + Central American States, but likewise those of gouth Ame rica. To attain tosuch an object it would be necessary shat the Spanish-American race should beinspired by the sana epirit of energy and mstinct of association by which the Northern republic has grown strong and mighty. All the petty rivalries or the several States, all the particular iuteresta of provinces and capitals, and, above all, the egotism and ambition of party chiets, must necessarily cease; al! private passions must be rendered subordinate to a greater, national aim, and all must unite in the watchword—independence of the Spanish-American pa- tionality, close alliance of all who speak the Spanish tongue, and no league with a foreign race. Of all this the direct contrary was done, Tho old Span- ish vice-kingdoms and general governments were dis- solved into emall republics; every province struggled to withdraw from the political influence of the capital; in- stead of uniting against the foreign race, one State waged war against the other, one province invaded its associ- ates. ‘The old Spanish provincial spirit, which had been violently kept under by the despotism of the royal governors, raised again its hydra head after its deli ance from the Spanish dominion; egotistical passions burst forth with all their old virulence; noboiy was willing to yield to the general interest; nobody attended ce of those who called for political union against r danger of an invasion by a Stronger foreign y. The rulers of the republic of Honduras of- fered even to sel! to the North Americans a portion of their territory and to enter into a political alliance, not from sympathy with the Yankees, but from hatre1, jea- lousy and thirst of vengeance against the neighboring re- public, Guatemala. ‘The’ most prominent trait in the character of the Spavish-Americans is, perhaps, their utter sel- fishness which blights every eflort of the national element and clips the wings of patriotism. This is in itself suiticient to condemn the Spanish Ame- rican republicans to everlasting political impotence in the presence of the North Americans, even if they poseessed the right intelligence of their situation and a clear idea of their future, whilst only a vague tear fils their souls and paralyzes their energy. Instead of attempt- ing, by a correct knowledge of their own fants, to eie- vate themselves from their political degradation, and to learn from their enemies the secret of their strength, they latterly intoxicate themselves with Mexican brava- does. seriously, nobody believes in the capacity of Santa Apna, Carrera, and heroes of similar stamp, to re- sist the strength and power of the men of the North. Ail this bragging serves them butas a narcotic agains: gloomy sorebodings. He who has rightly understood the political incapacity of these populations, and the helpless, forlorn coadition of all the Spanish-american republics, to which tuere 15 but one gremedy—a peaceful immigration of Northern men, who, by intermarriage, would gradually change the character of the Southern race—would feel tempted to adopt, in regard to those republics, the awful motto which the poet of the “Divina Commedia”? placed over the en trance to hell, « Voi che v'entrate lasciate agni, speranza,”’ One should simply advise'the Spanish Americans to sub- mit, with Asiatic resignation, totheir destiny, Nature itself seemns to have refused to those populations of mixed In- dian blood the meaus of mastering, by their owa elforts their innate letnargy. It is a strange forze, that destiny which leads nations, partly spontaneously, partly in spite of themselves, on the path marked out for them—the one upwards, the pen downwards. Resistance is of no avail against that destiny. Whoever is familiar with history will admit that there are at present, among all nations on earth, only the North American rey in the Western hemisphere and the great Russian empire, on the old continent, which have an immeasurable future, and are endowed with an unlimited force of expansion. Other great nat ons have ,eitber already attained to the height of their power, and are conservative, like England, which will for a long time continue to rule the ocean, bu cannot any longer reckon upon an extension 0! the colo pics; or they are visibly declining, ike France, and un abte to break through the limits in which nature has en closed them. Many a French statesman has admitted this truth, however painful it xy Ad to Freneh vanity The nation lives already, in a great measure, 09 the capital of bygone times. Gloire has grown ‘old, Or spairing of acquiring sutlicient strength to accomplish what Frederick the Great proposed to himself in the event of destiny placing him om the French throne, bamely—to forbid the rest of Europe to fire a cannon shot without the permission of France."’ France was to become, like England ava the United States, a great com. ‘mercial avd manufacturing nation, and, as a compensa. tion for “‘glory,’’ to have colonies aud to grow rich. But it is not in the of mortal autocrats to endow a na- tion with the qualities which nature has refused it. The shipping of France is daily decreasing, and cavnot even compete with that of nations of inferior rank, still less with the mercantile marine of North America, as is shown by the tea communication between Havre and New York, where the great superiority of the Americans over the French is most striking. Algeria has remained a sterile and expensive possession. The French colonies have bien preserved only by high duties on beet sugar. French industry is, for the greatest part, hmited to the home market, and even there it owes its flourishing state only to high protective duties and for France, nature has gifted her wit bappily for her, too, foreign nations have not cot meelves, like people of Massachusetts, to water king. But it is a cruel destiny which, even’ undor the influence of a great name, forces the Freich to press their “rapes for the use of foreigners, to represent their ancient achievements on the stage as @ comedy, and to realize their dreams of universal dominion only in the Parisian journals of fashion. ‘The counterpart of North America is Russia, Here the observer bebolds a political combination not less power ful, although entirely opposite in its elements aud the moving forees. One w transfers whole populations from one end of this vast empire to the other; another fixes their language, customs and dress. The Ducho- borzes are forced to leave the Milk river, and to colonize the rough mountains of Achalzich; the Jews of Little Rus to lay aside their kaftan, to shave their beards, and to be drilled on their Sabbath as on other days; the subdued Poles to learn the Russian language. In North America similar, ¢ven still greater cha: take place, but under the infuence of entirely diffe: eleme An ionumerable migration goes on from East to West, not urged on by the lances of Donish cossacks but pushed by their own thirst of action, desire of gain, taste for movement, perhaps instinct. Even the great pmigration which every year pours in from E almost inconsiderable compared with this hom i ment within the United States themselves. To the young inbabitant of Massachusetts the New England Stato« ap- pear already too thickly populated, i they do not offer im euflicient epace for his activity. The son of the Pennsylvania farmer will no longer stay in the Keystone State, which German industry has tranformed into a garden; he knows that land on the other side of the Obie is as fertile, and costs only a fifth of the price. — There- fore he leaves bis home, builds on the banks of the Missouri a new blockhouse, an cultivates the d with bis ac- customed industry. But even there many already begin to fre! restless; for they bave beard that on the other side of the Rocky Mountoins the climate i+ mil ant soil rich in gokl. They again make a move and cross the Rocky Mountains to Oregon aud California. The Yankees too, like the Russians, possess the secret of transforming the desert. Instead of Cossacks, they vend in advance their colonies of settlers, with rifle and plough, before which the nomads and the buffaloes soon by = ‘The new territory is settled and io the American manner, viz: instead of the Irprawnik and the order, it receives its communal conetitution, school, church and justice of the it governs ' itself, and ouses prospers. Dwelling potatoes: ore built, maize, wheat, every: where blosesm and grow ry not by order of “in- who Irie the Tartars of the tors of potatoes, ‘with a sacred respect, wishes to eat his Gil and to ‘The dollar exercises in the New Wor'd a similar to that of the fear of the police one; that is to it ‘ted by every! . Even fet aceustomed to counting, the Hudson feels bis conscience tranquil when he pecketa money on a Sabbath. The Anglo-Ameri- can character ‘spreads itself irresistibly, gives every newly acquired territory its lar stamp, and re ceives little or nothing from foreign element. oth the Evropean immigrant end the old sevtler sacrifice thetr own Ienguage. Even in New Orleans French is spoken every day more rarely, and the children of creoles go to “Thepre ot Iture in the steppes of Southern Rus. he enltare - sia cannot be compared with the go-aheadis a of the wood and prairie regions i [inois, peut and on the western of the great lakes. Mississippt river and its tributaries possess alone more steamers thaa the whole war and commercial fleet of Russia numbers ships with three masts. In the States of lows aud Wis- consin more cities are built in one year than on the Black Sea in fity. Locomotives already rush throngh tho desart bet ween Lake Michigan and the U eee and the project of continuing the railroad the In- dian desert across the Rocky Mouastains to California is seriously spoken of, whilst the merchants of Odessa silently compiain of the absence of roads of communica. tion, which renders the supplies of corn from Woihy- nia and Podolia so difficult. This extraordinary bustle and movement of productive activity which is Lon ge ay and thriving from the Had. son to the Sacramento, is, if not the most brilliant, cor. tainly the noblest and most interesting spectacte' over offered by @ youthful nation. No people ever before com their career in such @ grand and solid style, not even old Rome, which needed centuries to ascend to NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, JULY 13, 1656, ravor aubyugated uy te bul ‘Americans, are over rea,’ ia ail oret howe m4 are suedand, pens bein Poor negro ory Yankee he Sonata Shia eq, but rather ‘as a do. mestic apimal. * No political adversary will find fau..* With the Ameri. cans profiting and ier 5 - their conquests; but he will less excuse then” 6TOWing ap- te for the Acquisition of such fine coum."¢s {n the ‘est and in the South. You havo taken Oregon, Salifor- nia, Texas and New Mexico with all their open any! hid- den treasures—why do you desire more? By what m,*ht does your greediness to possess the * the Antilles,’’ or to swallow up the whole of Mexico? Why do you quarrel with the Japanese, if not for a xt to makapcoqnesia.on tae other side of the Pacilic? Why do you send your agitators to Central America to wor! for the annexation of countries which aro separated from your Southern States by so many degrees of latitude ? ‘Those who complain of this unsated cupidity for new anatine of the Peery Fe iy a pager | essary consequences of their position, or do not know the force of destiny. Like the Somtant; the Americans obey but their irresistible instinct, which’ urges them on to extend and to expand. Like the avalanche in iu its ro- tatory progress, they are not sllowed to limit the increase of their territorial exten on, or step where they choose. When Jefferson mado tie acquisition of Louisiana from France, he was not aware that thereby the.conquost of Cuba would, in after times, become a nacoysity, 4a order that it should become a market for the mrples lave pop- ulation of the Soithera States, Rellecting men of the South behold in the acquisition of Cuba—where a coloret man is worth a third more than in the Carolinas or Lou- isiana—the only incans of getting rid of slavery on the continent. Ouly a third part of the surface of Cuba is cultivated, and slave work on a soil so favorable to the culture of sugar and tobacco yields the double of that of Virginia Missouri. By the acquisition of this island, the United States would save the considerable tri. bute they early pay to Spain forthe importation of colonial Products from Cuba, whilst they would considerably in- Crease the exportation of their breadstutls and cheap manutactures, for at present Spain tries to diminish by ‘apuve duties the importation of American produc- 8. ‘The annexation of Texas brought about the war with Mexico. Incessant collisions, and, as a necessary conse - quence, another war with the Mexican republic, are not improbable, for no authority in the Waited States cau pre- vent the settlers of Texas"irom advancing to the south. ‘That the old empire of Montezuma will and must take its place among the stars of the banner of the Northern r public, but few doubt, and least ofall the Mexicans them- selves, who, amidst al! their braggardism, feel terribly apprehensive oa the subject. The possession of Oregon and California renders it necessary to extend, first, com- merce and navigation, and after that conquest to Asia, to acquire strong positioas in Japan and China, and to force upon Eastern despots, either by diplomacy or by cannon, the same conditions which have been granted to the Hol- landers and to the English. When peaceable whigs, or the moderate portion of the democrats in the United States, complain ef this thirst for new acquisitions, and point to the difficulties which “Young America,’ by his desire of conquest, casts in the path of the pohtical clic’: of the Union, you fre- quently hear the answer ti ameut ot Wash- ington may let them alone » ¢ with the direction of the march of events, that Lie spirit of asso. ciation alone will get the better of those r.ti2a States, and find a terrible ally in propagation of bib -ity; that if the President will let them alone au association will soon be formed for fitting out an expedition to Cuba strong enough to drive away the Spanish mercenaries and to puil out of the crown of Spaia the “pearl of the Antilles.’ As to the war witn Mexico, he hat better let it out oo jeast, instead of making it, as formerly, at the expense of the State freasury. A company of private in dividuals would expedite the affair ic a shorter time, and cheaper. Japan couid be coaquered in the same easy way, as the riches of Jeddo and the treasure of the Kubo would promise good dividends, and thus the goverment of Washington might save pains, expense, aad a good deal of diplomatic complicati ‘The North American Union forms; pe haps, the most singular political community which ever existed; forces of a peculiar character are there employed on a greater scale than was ever adopted by any autocrat or nation. The Yankees inherited the spirit of association their Eng ish perents; but ovly on American has it assumed this new form and develeped itself to its present gigantic size. tover in England has been accomplished im the same way, railroads, the wonders of industry—even the conquest of Hindostan by @ company of merchants—appears almost insignificant, compared with what association in North America bas already partly accomplished, partly pre- pared for the future. Kverybody knows that the Eogiish Fast India Company possesses @ monopoly; it governs India by a numerous and costly army; it carries on com merce, but does not colonize; it has net impressed a new stamp on, or renovated the old spirit of ori>.tal’ nation morcover, the government of the freest State of Euro; has not been able to break down the antiquated exclu- siveness of caste which opposes all civilizing progress. ‘The Ame: icans accomplished their conquests with very small military forces; the countries they took possession ot have been transformed without any vivlence, sloae by the superior influence of activity and assocation, Tue old busting tribes were bought out with money, and re- ceded. Forests have been cleared, and yast tracts of country connected by railroads another ways of com- muvication. Wherever the Yankee setiues, soidiers and gendarmes become useless. ‘The absorbing and amalgamating force of the Amorica element admits no resistance. ‘The spirt of order sad union which follows everywhere the American footstep the example of lucrative activity which communicate itself to others, produce here wonders still greater tha those which are due elsewhere to coustraint and terror In terminating these considerations upon the preven and the future of the two mightiest peopie of the earth we arrive at the conclusion Lat ail tings are combining to gradually assimulate the conditionof Europe to tha of Russia, and the condition of Central America to that o North America. If all the symptoms in the political Lori zon are not delusive, the assimilation here ant there will be, in a few decenniums, an accomplished fact. ‘The con. trast between the social and political institutions of both hemispheres, and the well being of their respective in- habitants, will then appear more striking and general, and all bastard and intermediate forins of political or- yanization will have disappeared. These contrasts are al- ready, at present, the principal causes of one of the most tignificant phenomena, viz.:—Oi that immense migration from the East to the West, which might be as well called a light before the future. Those hundreds of thousands of emigrants, who every year cress the Atlantic Ocean, are pushed by the idea, not always distinct, but still Geep rooted, of escaping, by leaving their home, their wretched nt condition and the still worse calamities of the future. They, perbaps, tly before a chaotic anarchy, or they escape the ‘Kussian system as it is practised b the pean autocrats, no matter whether they res! ‘on the Neva or on the Seine. This system may well call forth hordes of Cossacks or armies of mercenaries, and urge them on to strife and death—it may produce gigantic forced loans, but it will never create those har- monious and noble fruits which are the result of a free de~ velopement of nations; even poctry, the arts aud science, will, at wither under tho blighting influence of 49 baneful The save large id commodious dwelling house of freedom will within a few years shelter all the inhabit. tants of America from the extreme Nortn down to tl equator—assemble all vigorous and renovafed nations, aud offer an asylum to all those who wish to er the damp, cnervating prison air of the old continent. Should, in the progress of tims, sny happy invention of cheap anp easy transport aid this general desire for emigra- tion, there is no doubt but that it will as«:me «till greater proportions, and even the poorest will then find the means sf satisfying bis desire tor a change, aud escape from his present misery. If the Russian principle has bull! up a kind af uniform barracks where there is heard but one voice, that of the commander, and the monotonous tatoo of ihe drummors, the Weetern World offers the spectacle of an immense bee hive. Every swarm goes where it pleases; evi body works by his own free will, observes instinctt tawa ard customs, gathers up in his own bbuse bone: the shape of dollars, and is well convinced that in exer cising bis own industry he works as well for bis own beneiit 9s for ihe greatnes# and the weil being of the whole naion, The free citizens of the great bee hive “North America’’ recognizes also a queen—the republic. jes Wash out the Gutters. TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. New Yore, July 10, 1956. Tp your paper of this morning you suggest to the Croton Water Board the propriety of letting the water ran an hour, each morning, from the hydrants, You may talk about impure air and dirty streets forever, and we shall always live in stench unless this plan can be adopted. Tn some parts of the city you may clean every day; but, unless there is water to wash down the gutters, it will smell terribly in hot weather. Now, lama storekeeper in one of the leading avenues up town, and | have pre- valled upon the neighbors on my block to allow the wa- ter to run for a little time in the morning, and each one sweep down his gutter with a broom—commencing at the head of the block, they pass along the stagnant water and filth, and as it comes along each one gives it a push, The consequence now is, we have a clean, sweet block, com- red with the other blocks of our ayenue. The oniy dif. iity is, that it fs against the Iaw to open the Croton bydrants after 7 o’clock—[Don't the law say 8 o'clock’) —in the morning, and sometimes our stores are not open watch the policeman, and ‘stink in New York, unless we can have water to purify the gutters, carrying off the bad water and that will collect there, be as vigilant ae fully I. A CONSTANT READER. Freneeres oF Newnvrvront, Mass—A corres }» valent of the Boston Traveller, unter date of July 19, trom Newburyport, says:—Our Southern fleet have ail retarned and packed out, but the low prices at which now mackerel are selling, will not remunbrate the owners. Some fares have as low as $3 50; $3 ‘76 per barre! is the highest we have heard paid. Mox! of for the Bay the fleet are ready Chaleur, while quite a number are detained for want of barrels. Advantage having been taken of the ecarcity to sixty to seventy cents, the ordinary ivé cents, and a sufficient sup. at this exorbitant price, some are now wanted in this city, presume, deficiency exists in other seaboard towns. Two of our merehants telegraph. ed to the Gut of Canso, to have their vessels on their way up, purchase their ily on the bay shore; but owing to a large number of Cape Ann vessels going into the bay hort and suppiying thelr deficiency, has tendency to them, and they had ad vanced from 60 to 75 cents, and would probably go stil! 'y are much inferior to our fish bar A Fifteen towns last year purchased upwards of . The number purchased io this city is usually from fifteen to twenty thousand, 4 Optum versus Cotton, ‘0 THE BDITOR OF THE HERALD. The British are studying incessantly how to render themselves independent of our cotton, and how to reduce its value by au increased production in foreign parts, especially 60 in their Indian provinces, Cutch and Guzu- rate,in Port Natal, in Egyptand fm Brazil. Thoy aro Quite unapprehensive of a retaliation on this score, which yet we'might so easily exercise on a very tender part of our rival's commercial vitality—say, in the production of Opium in Southern Califorma and in Central America. ‘The fact is not go generally known and considered as it Gught fo be, that China receives from us in exchange for ita tea two-thirds in silver and but one-third in mauu- factures, ginseng anda trifle in Turkish opium imported from Smyrna. I gay « érifle, in regard to the thirty mil- lions of dollars worth of this drug imported annually into China from the British domiuions io India. ‘The idea to introduce the cultivation of the poppy in Southern California was started by me, already six years ago, in a Southern payer, but the excitement created then by the California gold left my publication unnoticat, An article publishdt-trake BawmotyTimes, of the 20th of June, 1853, which came to my notice during a recent sojourn in Egypt, awakeued in me this idea anew, but I postponed the republication till I could attend to the matter personally, The newspaper article meationed above is headed, “Rough draft of a petition to Pariiw ment from the European community in Bombay, unto th Honorable the Commons of Great Britain and Ireland in Parliament assembled'’—and paragraph four, coucern- ing the opium monopoly, eays:—Your “petitioners Would poiut to the ackuowledgod fact of the ,utte want of public thoroughfares of any description, and the deficiency in the means of communication and transport betwixt one part of the country and another. Tho same circumstances that affect the progress of industry and interest of trade equally affect the revenues of the coun: try, which, from 1841 to 1860, were never oace able to meet the public charges, and which hang on such a pre- carious tenure, that were the Chinese government to sanction the production of opium within the empire, oF the Americans to settle themselves anywhere in the Fast where the poppy might be grown, £3,000,000 sterling would be swept irom our revenues at onca.’” Happily it needs no new settlement at all to carry into effect Unis wise suggestion: De nos amis les ennemis. Climate and soil in tue vicinity of St. Diego, Cal., are highly propitious to the production of opium—better, L dare say, than any part of Asia Minor; and the Pueblo in- dians, under proper directions, are 4s well qualified as the. Fellaheen, Hindoos or Osmanices of the Eastern hemisphere to attend to this new, and as I shall prove here, also eusy cultivation, so much more, as it wants neither chemical nor mechanical skill tn the production of Opium, unlike iudigo, sugar, cotton, rice, &. In the viciuity ot St. Diego land, labor and cattle are at normal prices, yet unaltered by gold excitement and iminigration, Any amount of opium produced there would fad a ready mar- ket in the capital of the Stat, —‘-se population contains a very large number of Chinese, aud whose commercial relations with China and Japan are improving daily. According to information collected on the spot, the cost of the production of opiain ia Egypt is 60 cents, and in + Anatoly (Asia Minor) 75 cents the pound. The greater cost in the latter country comes appareatly from its bigher latitude and the less congenia) climate. “In British India opium is stilla moaopoly of government. fhe leasehold- ers of certain districts are bound to produce and to de liver annually a given qaantity of this drug to the Honor- able Company ai the fixed price of $160 the chest of 140 pounds, Which leaves still a small remuneration to the producer, This traffic amounts to over 50,00) chests year, and the prices of the drag in the Presidencies yar from'$500 to $700 the chest, according to quality and de mand. ‘The cost of superintou ding and collecting portant revenue absorbs near a million aad Pounds Opium is consumed all over India and in Malayan Archipelago. Tn Java the sale of this drug is a mouoply of the Dutch Company. ‘The Value of opium in the Eastern market varies from $4 to So the pound, according to quality and demand; whereas the cost of production, as before stated, does hardly reach a dollar the pound. “Jolin Company’ would lose by far more than£3,000,000, with tho loss of ber last and oaly monopoly ia India, and God knows if the British could go on fiibustering and’ mis. ruling India as they do with ut these millions. fhe cal tivation of epiam on our Pacific shores, combined with the projected Pacific railroad, is bound to create a com mereial revolution in the East, which will be a dead stop to the British supremacy, not only there, but ta all quart- ers of the globe. China receives annually over 200,009 bales of cotton from Bombay and Surat; also all the’ long staple © grown in Spaulst Mao!iia goes to the same maraet. Should American planters, settled in California, as. sisted by all the modern impr ts in tillage of the soil and the ginning of cotton, kot be able to outstrip in the cheap production of this staple the lazy and !ynorant Creole Spaniards aud Hindoos, oppressed by misrule and taxation’ Also, the drying ot grapes and figs might become an objext to the op'um plauter ta Southern California, The economy of forty per ceutof import duty, and of the heayy loss occasioned by corruption to which these fruits are subject ed on account of the protracted passage they have to per- form from the Mediterranean to the Pacitc coast, would make this a yery profitable culivation inteed. Now that the usefulness of the camel on our Southwestern frontiers bas been admitted by our legislative body, the woposition to import at the same time sowe camels a Avia Minor and Egypt aigng with the date palm, the fig, the olive, the sesame and the poppy seed, I hope will uo more be scoffed ai, as was the case when I started this idea in the summer of 1849, in the Nationa! Intelli- gencer, the Boston Daily Advertiser, aud the 3. Louis Western Koview. The species of poppy cultivated in the East for the sake of its sap (opium) is the socalled garden poppy, or papaver somrifewm, of which there are two kim common white and the common black poppy—both considered equally in sap. The pods of the white poppy are larger, whereas the black is mere abandant im seeds, but thea its olf is inferior to that of the former. The black poppy coutains more morphine and the white mere narcotine; then, again, the white poppy, with round or compressed }, contains still lese morphine than the one with oval pods. Tne poppy with brownish purple flowers is said to contain the most morphine. The poppy with filled blossoms is not so rich in s the one with simple blossoms. The poppy is called in Ara- bic alco numm—the meaning of the Latin word som- nifera, and its dried sap, wm, & sound which shows of the word “opium.” ‘This drug was known to the ancients two thousand years ago, and it is esti- ‘mated that four hundred millions of souls are addicted to its use n the Kastern hemisphere. Pereira, in bis “Opera Medica,’ says —''Opium ts undoubtedly the most impor- tant valuable Hi onnty Wo have fur other medicines ‘one or more substitutes, but for opium we have fee at lwast in the —— of cases in which its peculiar and beneficial intluence is regarded.’’ In Eaglaod the consumption of opium has doubled in these last twenty years, ani is increasing still. ‘The poppy su@ers nothing trom insects, and its dowers give rich food to the bees. The oilof the white poppy is considered in Europe the best afer the olive oil. poppy wants calm, warmth and a loose soil; manure agrees with it on the best of lands. A subsoil of t. * prejudicial to its growth. The poppy thrives well alter fallow produce, which leaves a clear soil, such as treilles, cabbage and potatoes, on a rich soil it may be cultivated also, in coutinuaues. ‘Alter the POPHY crop a crop of at can be raised the same year. et does not agree with the porty: and a rain of two days’ duration a) the maturity of the plant witl spoil the whole opium crop. The best opium produced in Asia Minor comes {rom the elevated piain (pat au) in the vicinity of the town of Kara Hissar. ie soil of this plain is of volcanic or trachytic formation. During th plain is covered with snow mostly every winter—the great beat there comes, but aiter the opium cre in the districts of Benares and Bebar, in the valley of the Ganges, the poppy is sowa in November, in Upper Egyp Jancary, and in Lower Kaypt at the time of the spring equinox. The soll must be ploughed and harrowed caretully before the poppy can be <own; also the applica- tion of pul rerized manure (guano) |s recommended. To an acre but two pounds of seed are required, which are mixed with earth, in order to throw them thia and regu- larly enough. As soon as the wer ds spring ap they must ‘be reoted out carefully, and whea the young pores stand too close they must be thinned so that every has about nine square inches room and an easy access to facilitate the collection of the aap. This is done when the plant has reached the height of two or three inches; bet ter not too early, in order not to disturb it ia its growth. ‘The wider the plants stand apart the more capsules they drive; yet this must not be carried too far, especiaily on a loose ground, because the planta would be exposed to be levelled by the wind A month after the sowing pone nea is hoed, and as soon as the blossoms abow, the seued Ge tips is betacd ss . This mast be done ins should be spared in the tillage y be amply repaid by the inerease, and the improvement, too, of the sap of the The plant throws out from foar to six and more And often two-thirds of them are cut off, and 2 drop to the gout copious flow, and also and of inferior too. ‘must be takeh from from an- capsules of oral ried in the than fr and hung ap ina dry hoy remain “unopened ed both of the Sinyrna opium, as above stated, compo. sap obtained by tucisians aad the’ decomon. of the prent, contains: in the mercantile quality about nine per ¢ morphine (aly, while the sap of the pods is said to cdntain as muchas 15. Ihe composition consists of about two- Pods; the former, also, ust apparecly be’ poorer it " former, must _ ral & apparent (poorer ‘Due seeds of the inj stems and leaves may be used as manure or fuel, their ashes containing much alkaline matter. A gentieman farmer at Winslow (i 1821, an experiment witb the poppy on 44 acres of land, which gave the following result:—60 lbs. of dried opt 7134 gallons of oj] and the oilcakes. In this experimes the stems and leaves were not used. At about the same ume a similar experiment was made in Erfurt (Ger- many), the result of which was the average gain of one grain (480 to the ounce) of optum from every — pod. Caloaiating nine square tached of land and two poppy heads to every plant, the results of the latter experiment coincide very near with the former. This bail result is not to be wubdered at, but rather the funny icea of the European experimen- talists, in their wet and changeable climate, to enter into competition with the producers of opium ia the sumny climes of the East. 5 Some twenty years ago an attempt to produce opium was made by @ Dr. Webster Lewis, of Lewisburg, York Pa., who informs the public, through the Medical of 1834, that after many’ unsuccessful experi- ments be has fallen on a mode of cultivation both easy and profitable, and that good poppy seeds may be had from him. It seems he was not successful in his poppy seed trade, to judge by the continued importation of this drug here’ and in Boston. Pennsylyavia is nota whit better situated, or, rathor, is as ill favored by nature, for the production of opium as cither England, Francs or Germany. In old Europe the poppy attains bat 34 to 4 feet in height, andthe pods the size of a hen’s egg;, whereas in a more congenial climate the plant reaches ix feet and more, and the pods the size of a little child's head. Considering this, the fact will not be found asto- nishing that one acre of poppies in the East produces up to one hundred and thirty pounds of mercantile opium, and more, too. EMANUEL WEISS. Naw Yous, July 3, 1856. Diabolical Attempt to Destroy Life. (From the Bostéu dravelier, July 10.) A most foul attempt to commit wholesale murder by blowing up the house of Mr. Caomas Wetheren was the cause of great excitem jon yesterday morning. ‘The house in questi as and strongly built, two stories sud @ baif high in front and three in the rear, with a cupola on the top, and is worth several thousand Collars. It is situated on Union square, opposite the new Baptist meeting house, and is occupied by Mr. Wetheren, whose family numbers seven, and by his partner, Mr. Cyrus Brown and family, five th number. ‘the explosion occurred about 1A, M. Mr. Wetheren and his wife slept in a chamber in the rear, above the sitting room; and below the latter is the celiar kitchen, im which, as is supposed from the staves that were found, the keg ef powder was placed. Mrs. Wetheren was aroused by the noise of the explo. sion, and though she had no distinct idea of what hid occurred, spoke to her husband, who immediately be came aware that a dense smoke was filling the room, the plastering of the sitting room below havivg been torn of in such @ manuer as to admit its free passage. He hur ried down stairs the back way, but could not euter the kitehen on account of tho thick smoke. He perceived, however, that the house was oa lire, and directing his wife and children to leave by enother ‘passage way, be obtained a firkin of water Standing near the house, and with the aid of the neighbors, who soon assembled, suc- ceeded in quenching the flames, though the powder smoke which fill d the house for several hours led the inmates to search repeatedly during the night, from fear that in some part it was still oa fire The chief scene of disaster was in the rear “The kitche is a mass of ruins. A stout brick wall is in some par! thrown down and in others cracked and broken so that it must be demolished. The window feames and bliads are blown out badily, some of them landing at a consi derable distance from the house, The stout partition of ashed adjoining the kitchen was thrown down, the doors being blown off and broken. The wali above the kitchen was blown up, and the furniture of the sitting room had fell down, filling the kitchen with broken stuff, furnitare, boards, crockery, &e., &c., in one mass of ruins. The large cooking stove in the kitchen was broken. A consi- quantity of matches were found upon the top of ‘mt kind from those used in the house. In the cellar @ partition was blown down aud jhe beams started. ‘The parlor, which is m front, on the same floor with the sitting room, is filled with the fragments of the furniture with which it was furnished. A heavy sofa lies in froat of the fireplace, having been thrown across the room by the rising of a portion of the floor for about a foot. Ma- hogany chairs were broken into small pleces, aad a card table was nearly demolished, together with many emailer articles. A lookiog giaes fell with the face dowaward upon the floor and was not broken. The window frames of this rcom were blown out. This is the chief damage in the part occupied by Mr, Wetheren. The floor of the parlor on the opposite side of the front entry was raised so as to make it impossible to opea tl door. A stove near the fireplace was thrown across the room and broken. A room adjoining this, in the rear, appears to bave escaped serious injury, but the kitchen underneath was a good deal damaged, a partition between that and the kitchen of Mr. Wetheren having been thrown down and a stove started from the fireplace and broken. ‘The windows of this kitchen and of the cellar were blown ovt and thrown into the field beyond. It was fortanate for the inmates that they all slept in the upper part of the house, which {s uninjured, the puw- erful powder biast finding vent by barsting out’ the sides ot the lower part of the building. The clock in the kitch- en of Mr. Wetheren stop ed at half past one, which in- dicates very my be time of the explosion. The inmates of adjoining houses were all awakened by the shock, which shovk the furniture as if an earth quake had occured. This morning a large crowd were examining the ruins, and measures were taken to have a legal investigation by calling on a Justice of the Peace to hold a fire inquest. Mr. Wetheren bas an insurance upon the hvuse of $1,600 at the Brighton office, His furniture, which is badly’ da maged, is not Insured. As to the cause of this murderous act nothing is known. On the 4th of July Mr. Wetheren had some words with several boys who were firing crackers on his premises, and at night they came to the house and called upon him to come out; ‘but itis not probable that for so slight cause they would deliberately attempt to take the lives of twelve human beings One gentleman, in wonder and astonishment at the scene, lifted up his bands and declared that be would not have believed such an outrage could have been perpe- trated this side of Kansas, Destructive Fire in [From the Chicago Prese, July ff CHILD BURNED—NINE DWELLINGS DESTROYED— TWENTY HORSFS AND MULES BURNED. About four o'clock yesterday afternoon, a fire broke out in the sale stable of George G. Sutherland, on the northeast corner of State and Adams streets, which speedily destroyed it, and spread around the block and across Adams street, until uine dwellings were in ruins. One of the upper rooms of the stable was occupied by the {amily ofan employé about the building, one of whose chiliren was left sick in bed, and burned to death before the room could be reached. The stable contained about a hundred horses, Some cight or nine of those taken out were burned so that they were killed coon after. Twoor three horses and a pais of mules were literally roasted, but still able to stand when knocked in the head. There was no insurance on the stable, which was jast completed. The proprietor refused $10,000 for it Inst week. A blacksmith shop next north of the stable on State ete occupied by J. Goodwin & Co., was wholly barn. ed family lived in the upper story, aud saved a part of their furniture. minor heirt. The brick house No, 185 State street, was somewhat damaged. It is occupied — Hunt, whose furn- ture was partly removed. house also belongs to the The Fring House, opposite the stable, was badly scorched, was i z a fT ci é: i : i ve Fe u E i | i it i i 5 iH hii Agiriin of these houses, too long, in order to ne furniture, was purvoubaed by" flames and badly ‘On the south side of Adams street the furniture was all pansy HI Ee house Lt occupied by Hiram Brown, use Was unl The next west, owned by Rafe Schneider, waa ‘burned. furniture ‘saved. 5 Bie elton y will write from the city of Lyons, si ‘ Mis.’9sippi river, about sixty miles south ~ cent aged being posite to Fulton, in the State of Itinois, the termi- nus of a railroad recently completed from Chicago. The distance from chicago to Lyons by this road is but 136 miles, less by 35 ‘niles than any other point in the state of Iowa having a raUroad connection, Lyons is beautifully situated on a plat of ground rising by a gentle acclivity ‘rom the Mississippi, while at short distance from the river are bluffs of moderate height, affording the most eligible sites for residences. A number of these are in process of erection, and in a few Years the summits of thoee bluffs will be covered with Olegant/and tasteful edifices. a ‘The recent grant by Congress of land to the State of Towa for railroad purposes has givem great encowrage- ment to the holders of real estate here, as it secures ber yond a deubt the completion of the raiiroad m progress from this piace to the Missouri river. This rvad is already graded for a¢me miles, and will in all pr De im running order by Jamuary next, or s00n r, to fraied iit ‘tho. Congressional "soba" too mat secures Lyons read at least 800,000 seres |, which at the rate $5 per acre, » moderate estimate upen the of the road, would yield four miltions of dollars, The cow i a of Lyons, aa I know from: observation, & of the most bewutiful and > acter. After ascending the bluff, you reach a roiling prairie, the soil being deep and exceediagly prolific, at this season covered with grass of richest verdure, except where the fields of wheat and corn diversify the pros- pect. The seene is truly enchanting, and beholder bo longer wonders at the praises that have been lavished upon magnificent fertile prairies of the Wess. Here and there may be seen the hardy settlers, with their oxen, engaged in “breaking” the virgin prairie, For this purpose it is necessary to use from twelve to six- teen oxen, the sod being very tough and unyielding. It is turned over and suffered to rot, and is then ready for cultivation the ensuing failor spring. After the prairie is ‘broken’? subsequent ploughing is comparatively easy. ‘the fame causes which have contributed to make De- buque and Davenport cities of importance and centres of trade must inevitably secure to Lyons « second to but few points in the State of lowa. Chicago tends, until yeu get some- i Lyons being nearer by thirty-five miles to Chicago than any other point having direct railroad com- munication and with a back country of the greatest beauty, fertility and healthfulness, its products into her Jap, her future is traly bright and promising. The populat on is rapidly increasing om every side; new buildings are in progress, and yet the supply of stores and dwel ings is very inadequate. Fulton, opposite to Lyons, is likewise a thriving town; but the universal law that cities on the Iowa side of the Mississippi have the advantage, in a business point of view, compared with those ou the Illinois side, establishes beyond a doubt the pre-eminence of Lyous. Except within a few mils of Fulton, produce an Eastern market, away from the city, whileen the lowa side every- thing tends towards the river, there to be reshipped at this point, princivally to CBicago. This advantageous position is illustrated in the cases of Dubuque and Daven- ort. ¥ At Fulton is located one of the finest hotels in the Weat- ern country, erected by Mr. Dement, the original pro- prietor of the site of Fulton. Its ccst was about $100, - 000, $30,000 ad: itional having been eapamced for the furniture. ‘The traveller through the Western country, who again visits it after a short absence, is amazed at the rapid progress of everything here. ' Transformations which it takes years to effect at the Fast are bere produced in al- most as many months. Everywhere life and activity prevail. ‘The prices of land and town lots, and the fu- ture prospects and comparative advantages of different points, are the principal topics of conversation. Those who have predicted a revulsion aromas the West, maintaining that prices are Gictitious, cannot be eas tained, and that ere long the crash must come, have not yet seen their predictions verified. As yet there are no signs of it. Prices of real estate instead of receding, are steadily adyancing, and although there must bes limit, it seems not yet t0 have been reached. To the man of energy and. enterprise, tic West pre- Sents a very inviting fleld. With judgment and Sagncity, and a little capital, his prospects are undoubtedly better than they are at the East, and few who como te this part of the country: eturn disappointed. ¢ are yet many opportunities for investing money with a cer- tainty of reaping a rich harvest. Irball pursue my travel further along the river, and into the iuterior of the State, and, should circumstances aliow, I may write you again from some other point. Our Minnesota Correspondence. Sr. Pact, Mix. Tew., June 26, 1856. Territorial Progrets—An Historical Society Building St. Paul—Splentid Appearance of the People—Plenty & Ladies—The Military and Firemen—A Settler's Remi- niscence—Hinis to Emigrants— Scenery Arownd St. Paul —Cstend Doctrines Disliked As the growth and progress of this interesting corner four country are bringing thousands of people up the - “Father of Waters,’’ to behold for themselves the chances for pecuniary ten strikes, perhaps a short account of ome day's proceedings, and a few reflections upon the mani- fest destiny thereby chalked out, may be worth the paper and ink to print them. Yesterday the corner stone of the building for the Historical Society of Minnesota was laid, and, consider- ing the newness of everything, and the short notice, ‘was most creditable. The masses of well dressed, intelligent and respectable people, of both sexes, whe Joined in the procession and filled up the grounds where but of all, the women took my eyo. Several vory npeeches were made by the Lieut, ‘Meury, U. 8. , of worldwide reputation, and Mr. Hasbrook, of New York. ph eae = Tophep a out in rd irections, & ‘ears ago were a ‘grounds wi . The same advancement as it applies to the Territory generally. Everything that action, i E z i as is i: fF 8 FE ie head of navigation, and at that bapey spot wl the different roads which the necessities of agri- culture and commerce will bring into existence, must ap- | 7 if TRE Haine ira Hid [ites * siti eee Hit tie iivte HiFi : alk i i i i A i H il i il i it : i will celebrate. the. annivers A aetten ont the West India slaves, on the