The New York Herald Newspaper, May 4, 1856, Page 2

2 moderation, truth, frmxess apd vigor—all represented by a new government these ncbie properties reeeivieg ie newness of cur saGonal ive, their most beau- ‘Tiful and attractive (lustration, won at onee the admira- tien and confidence of the world. To Hamilton was at- ‘wibated the errore apc cdium of these acts. He saggest- ed most of the measures, and ene hearty co opera- ‘he ’e administre- w every prominent act of = Be was gg Be Jefferson and anes, aa- influence over ngton—unbii as Was wou’s mind was falsely charged to have by age wearing services. .f Hamiitoa had to dear this odium when there acts were denounced, let him wear his due share of the glory, now that posterity applacds and re- wai bave approved them. Nor wae energy whieh Harnilton infused into Waeh- iog’s administration confined to those measures which re- iatved to his own department. Jefferson complains that ‘be broke into his departmest and forced down his own (5 ’s) wystem, and that he (J.) had to carry it into exe- eution, though be thought it inconsistent with the homer and intereet of the country The same vigor which Hamilton desired to impart to ‘We interval scministration, aided to give to our fo- reign relaticos, When the insolence of the French Di- seewry called for resentment, he boidly threw down the geuntet. He was for war, and war op & scale not as for- mer'y, properiioned to the means of feeble colonies, ris- ‘ing 10 torow off s hatee yoke, but @ war such as @ proud young empire might wage with one of the first Powers of ‘tbe earth. Be wou'd have the new republic, though weak and bleeding, rize up like a young t, and throw the eee of batue at the feet of France, wm che very heydey of her marvellous prowess, and dare agsin al) onse- qmences of the anequal fignt. rather than heve the young =e America stained by « spiritless submission to oe The first sdministration clcsed, and Hamilton returned to private lle. Belre Washington retired, Rowever, he telivered his celebrated farewell address. Washing:on noted the heeds and outiines of that admirable paper in a@sketch, which itself is ap excellent production, and motectly drew upon the unfailing pen of Hamiltos—a pen which he hac so often called into reqaisttion—to give form anc iilustration to the leading ideas and indicated wentiments, The paper, as it cow appears, was the re- m3 y sf Baraiton's ml dis sho is busy sgency, not ony in the comtrivan: ration and prosecution of *bave measures, but in their detence and vindication in able reports. in various publications, and in ‘urnishing and distributing to members of Con- Brese snd politicians the material for such defence and vindseation before the Legisiacure and the people. Re is not wo much to say that every distinctive line ef the fret admumistration received an impress, aod a @eciied cne, from the hend of Hamilton, and that he contributed more than any one man w give to that administration the popular sanction. I do not seek two dercgate from the ‘great claims of Washington— eid means. His fame is suove reproach ard above ; or only got sbove such unparalleled eulogy as Lord Bronghatw bestowed when he said: “After all, it may be said of this rewarkable man that the true ftaxdard of a nation’s civilization may be judged by its appreciation of the character of George Washing:on.” Bat Wacbington’s great faculty wae jodgment; his intel- ject wae not quiek or brilliant, but waa sold, pure, ap- prseiative weighing deliverately ard judging anerringly. #toed ‘oftily above ail parties, @ grand, impartial um- pire, boiding power as a « by cred trust, with no passions to Gistract oor selfish inter ” bim, and studious ealy of the pubite good. With the ablest suggestive in- tellects in the nation before him, tt was enougn for him wisely to choose, when, amid euch abundance of inven- Gio 804 speculation, the only wisdom requiced was selec: We burry on. We cannot pause to review the adminis- twation cf tne elder Adams—to speak of his jeslousy of Hamilton—of bis vehement abuee of him—of the open quarre] between them—of Hamilton’s continued support ofthe principal measures cf thst ill fated administration— ef the diffculiies wiih France mow brought to a crisia— ef the pr ‘icns for war—ol the appointment of Wash- imgton as Lieutenant General, with tne right to se ect his ofbvers—of Washington's selection of Hamilton as second ‘im ocmmand over bis seniors in former rank and in age—ot Adams’ opposition—o! Washington’s peremptory persist- ‘ance, making it sine gua non (f bis own acceptance—ot Washington's strong snd peinted pai egy om the mill- tary anc ctvie talents of Hamilton, ‘is warm defence ot hie character—of the bum! settlement of the French difficulty—oi Washington anc Hamilton’s disgust, and cS the humiliation of the patriotic spirits over the country. Nor can I dilate upon the subsequent passages of pol!- ‘tieal Lisvory or of the life of Hamiiton; of bis eminence ‘the bar, stancing there without a rival—his forensic ar- gamente, modele of eloycence and reasoning, re‘erred to ap afier ‘times by such jurists as Kent as expositions of vexed questions of jurisprudence. I cannot pause to comment upon that rare union of intellectual gifts which mace that remarkadle man so great in all other provicess of effort, equally great in all cepartments of his profes- sion, and pre-eminent at onee as counsellor, pleader, ju- wist, sdvocate: yet with a power and facility of labor so grea: that tbe largest practice left him auch leisure for itical activity, as that few professional poiiticians hava contributed in the same time equal service to the cause of their party. Under the vacillating and erroneous poliey of Adams ard tbe corsummate address of Jefferson, *he federal party, weakened by division and by che death vu: Washing- on, went down. Hamilton, with all his distrust and dis- like of Jefferson, torew his infinence in favor of tnat etaterman to terminate the agitation in Congress, and to de‘eat Burr, whom be believed more dangerous and un- principled. Hamilton oppoeed the opening administration of Jeffer- cn; and tt is probable, if life had bees spared him, that be would bave raised again, if not his old party, az least his own political fortunes. Bat on tbe 11h July, 1804, Bamiltco fell at Weehawken in a duel with Aaron Burr, im the 47th year of ble age. He was oppored in princi ple to dueiling, but be fell a victim to that punsulious tense cf honor which bac been # passion ‘rom his youth. Whatahoid he had upon the heart of the na\ion— how deeply be bad imprested its intellect ani imagins- idenced in his fal; for so gree: a national se that cecasioned by hie death wae never felt defore; not even apen Washing:on’s di |, for Weshing- sep had Jived cut bis tame and garner the fall bar- vest of bis glory, and no sentimen: save of loss for the ecuntry ‘ollowed his decease; but Hamilton, dying in his prime, eo full of 1ife aad bope, so brilliant, #o enthusi astic, 0 deeply loved. so associated with the glory of tne past—the hero, the soldier, the statesman, the drator— the idolized of the early chivalry: of the later patriots— Bis rervices unrewarded, bis career untinished--tilling a Diocdy grave, the victim of premecitated sesacsination, and of Lis own morbid sense of nonor—the cutburs: of pubiie excitement was adsolutely terrific. 6 men wep:; bie eulogy was pronounced from a thousand pulpits; charcbes were draped; and flags @reoped at half ‘mast, and muiiied drums o-at in toe street. Whole cities went into mourning; th - pli of Durizers and c! plearure were closed; the pudiic counte- nance Was sad. 8 pall seemed spread over the country, and the public vengeance cried out against bir asausain, acd branded bim as anether Cain. His old comrader sorrowed im as fora brother—the most bri liant re- presentative of the Hercic Age now going eut into the vbadcws of history and tradiuon, and his iriend, Fisher m entinent when, apologiz- fervid eulogy, — My I speak, and I pour it forta lke 10 way something, very briefly, of the per- te leetua) character of Rami! The whole Was romamm'ic, sod not lets so was His temper was par‘ly monldea in the the charscter. escp, but it was fortunate for him thet bis camp hie was rpent in the tent and near the presence of Washing view of the best type of true maanood in T associates were the choive xpi- { charac ‘Yon, im the fi r a of the Kevolutivzo—men ver, taent and edneation, burning with the sa ecuntry sed fired with the same passion kimeeif balavette and ere ae inti Tevid. and it is retresbing *o reac toric mg ibe warmth anc unrestrained confidence o trieneebip. The noble acd lamented Lanrens was nearer to bim than a brother. and looked upon his gifted friend with profennd admiration. Greene #wod in advance of him im sge, but hie noble app-ecition oaniehed tion in years and rank; and even the old Bas forgot, fur & moment, un the presence of Hamilten be bern aie to the great Frederick, and treated ~ wit Colonel, ‘my Hemilvon,”’ se ne called bh the sffeetionate farilisrity of old and eq Ané so with ai] the rest. The Frenco ano eepecislly were drawn to Hamilton by his gaiety, hin smiability, bis freedem from all provincial prejudices, and bie frank and fascina' ing manners. Even Waebiogton relaxed toward bim his regal dignity, snd acecsted him in bis note on one occasion. a* lemat, ae «Dear Hamilton’? The charm of modesty suffused bis whole charscter. Read his letters of frien¢ship ur of ba- einese, and no trace is to de found {n them all of ae single eeifiebly eg otistieai expression or reference; nor a his ps- pers even a peering allusion to himee.f, unless when ex'o:t ed by the absolure neoeserties of self-defence. Tosucha point ¢ic be earry this virtue, thi pen Wasb'ngton, in Bis Gespateh treva Monmouth, complimented his gaUentry Bamiten ruceessfally insisted tha: from de ix official relations be would suspress it. His courtesy wae unbeunce—‘ree from every appearsace 0° affectation aud oniy tast natural and considerate potite- nieb tows out spontaneously trom a genial nature wart beart. Bie kuightiy temper seemed to dignify the objects of bir resentments, and ke rarely, if ever, « aa ene. my cr rival, Burr only excepted, acd of nim ip his pab- he character, except only in terms of reepect aad civility. Mc dest deferential and unassuming im bia correroondence with others, bie mative sell-ste#m hrooked no license dix respectful to bis dignity and nonor: and so high and ua- ex mpremiring was his independence, that when Wasning- ten ventured to epeak to bim in imperative tonev, be re vigred hie port in his family, and declined a personal scerview when the august chief, relenting, re nested it for the purpere of expianat Hig couregs was of that brullent snd daring east that songht aa privileges porte of danger—which carried him bareheaded in the Varning sun through tbe scattered ranks, and at the ‘rent of the charging columns, over the plains ef Mon- meutb , which cansed Lim to beg as @ ‘avor to head be columns sent to storm the British redoubta at Yorktown; for he wae the first with two others to seale the parapet, stood t alone for a moment, then leaped alone to the ditch, a1 e soldiers, followiog his ex simple, preseed on’ aft , formed them and took tae cases,’ onid Washington, “have exhibited roofs of intrep{dity, coolness anc firmnes+ than jpown on thit cession.” And the softer light of gecerosity and numauity tempered fierce glitter of the bero's eword, ! thetanding the recent atroci- ties of the Britiea under Arnold and Tarleton, Herilton turned aide the weapons of hie scliiere with his owa band, apd a# soon ee be baw the enemy fal) back and vie- vory Aawured would not fuffer a kingle man to be hurt. Shall we speak of that nobleners which sought tue priscm of the ill-fated Andre, that attempted every act of Lin? nese end conrolation to soften his maa tate, whieh rympetby with the fallen enc the wretched could offer or | a generces {ren@sbip coud beetow? 1: ie aot meoeseary for thie waa but « part c! @ Jorg bietory Silea with euch pansoger Prominent among bie virtuer waa to hie biende anc to be pr tepies to eof conmtaney wae bie ip ibe ‘arpert mes ure—toe chief and beed of tbe yenng officers cf the revom- tome tbe tower of Meo ¢ling to their friend through every phave of fortune, and hew warm and overflowing was his affection for his ‘es, in shown in every page of his private history. For it was im the camp, a6 be used to sey, that the strongest attachments of his life were formed, and there the dearest of his meridian centered. His governmest were frmed there, and were, in the main, the same to which he with pertinacity through life, His moral co Was as be- reie as his physical. . Amid popular outbursts in New York, in the first flush of bis fame and popularity, he hazarded it al! by his bold opposition to the excesses of the mob, bent on summary vergeance against a few leading royalists, amd after the war, when the ex:itement again: the tories ran highest, and projec’ of confiscation st them were started in New York, he stemmed the tide of popular passion, urged be passage of an act of amnes'y and obliviom, and as the excitement grew fiercer, and propositions were made by a corps of his enemies to challenge him severally in suc- cession, if ne , until he was killed, growing bolder by a sense of danger, he denounced them ae demagoguee end ruffians, and insisted upon moderation, clemency and magesnimity as stronger influences inf government than vengeance or persecution. There was a wonderful ueion of ardor and deliberation ot strong energies and the gentler graces—of great force of character and gentleness of disponition—of self-respect ‘and equal regard for the rights of otters—of strong con victions and equal tolera‘ion—of originality and investi- gabon— of sent nt and sense—of fancy and of judgment —of the romantics and the practies!, and a love of truth which gave to tbe productions of ‘the ecaolar avd the statecman the frank style of the soldier; and yet his rare faculties, though in combination, like the te in the sky, moved on in bis vast intellect without clashing or confusion. Everythirg that came from HamiItoa bore t! profound thought and thorougb ‘pveetij and cpoke with distinguished precisica, { gence. Noue of his contemporaries equailed bim as a writer, for to his pen there was nothing wanting of pow- er or embellishment, or to perfect it in every class of composition. His letter to Laurens on the death of Andre is unequalled, we think, in all Ameriean literature, for ite easy, gracetul and pathetic narratise He was always ‘aithinl to bis noble judgment; it ought to have been true to him, for he followed it unsbriokingly whithereoever it led. His discuseions of public questions were masterly; he announced bold and striking propositians ina xiyie as clear as light, and with a loftiness and dignity worthy of his subjec’s, and reasoned them out with a power and elo- quence which noone in bis day was strong enough to withstand. Jefferson called him—as he was—the © lossus ot the federal party; and told Madison he was the only man who could answer Hamiiton, and appealed to him for Gica’s sake to come out and oppose him. He was the quickest man of hie time—yet the most Ja- derious. Hecoula do more work inagiven time than eny other man; yet he spent more time in work than any other men. His native rescurnes were uneqnalled—yet bis research was as thorough; and, in his great essay, he displayed as much learning as thought; yet not unneces- rarily, not for parade; only illustrating and exfore!ng— never encumbering the sudject by bis research; and he ranked as high ano was as perfect iu all the departments of oratory a8 he was accomplished a8 a writer, and added the peculisr physical advantages of élocution to the watter and style of bis Orations. He was oxe of the very few men thatever lived woo essayed al] there depart- ments of intellectual greatness, and was equally great in them all, and im all the bran and Aa:cesso- ries of these cepartments; one of the very few men who, in bis universality of genins, emoraced the whole cyele of such various excellence; who wore the blende? wreath of arms, of law, of #iatesmanship, of oratory, of letters, of seboarship, of practical afiairs, and who was, if not first, certainly rot seoond to aay tan of his coun- try, except its father, in any one of these titles to dis- tinetion. Great in the ary science and figares of finance, in con‘rivance, in execution, in resources, in specala- business, in administrative functious, in execu rgles, im peace and in war, in organization and in detail—in a word, as far s¢ he went, and he went a great way—ac near a perfect man in any wordly sense as is | ecangpe mere mortals to be. We know no man in all istory, unless it be Julius Cesar, who could congeat successfully with him the palm of thie peculiar disfinc- tien of universal merit. He had his ‘aults; certainly ne bad. But why not et his bloody shroud hice taem; or, better for him, let them be contrasted with nis virtues? He war not sufficiently pliant for s polinean; though in moulding men to his purposes and plans, in his direct contact with them,, either singly or collectively, mo one was more effective; and yet was no traee of cemageguism in his natare or in his practice, He did not court the people; he could work for them, fight ‘or them, «pend everything for them but hie honor; but he would not flatter them. He ssid aod did unpopular thirgs; be rebaked popular exeesser pniled down popular idole; he opposed the temporary passions, desires and favorites of the people. He was for giving power to the government im order to check the li- centiousness which demagogues call libercy. His only fault was that be op nly said whet other politiciaos only thought. He was not so sanguine ax others protessed to the new experiment—nor was Wasbington vor Patrick Henry; but itothers hoped more, whe labored more’ And what grest crime is it for a man to see the full force of the dithculties in his way and be tmpreered with» sense of them, he does all he can to remove them? Never was there # grosser calumny than that which imputed to Hamilton hostility or indifference to tre liber- ty of the ci:izens—if by {the liberty it meant the rights of the citizens, He was the most vehement adrocate of all the constitutional and legal rignte ot every man; and west for guarding these righis, sgainst every sort of power and assault equally from the power of kings and of mobs, of Legislatures and the pecple. Be knew that the psesicns of men were tyran’s ss much as despots on thrones, and he was for protecting the citizens against these tyrani#, by putting such checks upon majorities, organized or anor- gan'zec, represented or in mass, as would secure the rights of the mdividual man sgainst the despo ism of many wen— be tought nv:hing gained by @ change from one tyrant to many. His pereonal qualities extorted the admiration of his enemies. Jefferson kaid of him, while criticlsing merely his political character, that he was ‘frank, generous aod cisinterested in private life.”? His tust was placed agaiast his own at Menticello—the Roman heai—a movel for the Iptor in tts noble contour and its perfect 4 1 uniform developement; ard Jefferson, referring to its position as representing their po itical relations, was ascustomed to tay, “Opposite in ceath as in ji’e.’” ‘And now pauce with me, gentlemen, for one movient, while | justify the estimate | have formed of this iustri- ous pe:sopsge, considering him as the first venius of his country. Ibave shown him at fifteen: ager of & large commercial establishment; then, -vea saem, a dis- wnguished writer. At sixeem years wielcing pen in the cause c! liverty witn such aff imputed to Dickerson and Jay, won fres CistipguisLed pames. At eeventeen refut champion cf roya!'y, and gaining himeel! a first class re- putation irrespeciive cf bis sge; at the same “ender age famous af a popular orator. ‘At nineteen, a foremest spirit of the war paris: @ cap- tain of arcillery: then distinguishing hime’ nis bra- very wad skil.: then sid to Washington, » rank of lieutenant-colonel; at twenty sesisting ¥ ~ gton to plan his campaige®, © bis prinzipal and mos: dential aid’ —conductir g the voluminous and imports corres- pondence of the complex war establishmeut, aud exeeat- rg the especial missions to which he was cetsiled; at twenty-four, covered with the laurels of war, and amid the confusion snd bury cuties of the camp, pianning great sebemer of edrinistration and of goveccinent twenty-six carrying them out in New York, among th firet to propose and the ables: to advocate @ change to the more perfect union of the constitution; a ce’egate to the Federal Cnvention—not record in that illustrious body; shortly afterwards writing the Essays of Puolieas, which are now regarded as text books in schools and authorities in Senater and in supreme courts of judica- ture; then aiding to organize the new government, and giving to it form and pressure; snd, as a noliday fom such ,labor#, perfecticg himself tn every cepartwent of law, Daritime, international, constitutional, muricipal, and the ornament and head of his profession. We have ween him faithful in every duty—true to every trnet—secomplished in every walk—equal to every exi- gency—esaaying high aims and accompitening all that he esse yed—woncerful for the vaiiety of hie efforts and his powers when be would; have been a wonderfal wo if only for what he did and for what be wee in the leas: one of thew. It is said that be was ambitious. Jefferson charged it upon him; Acams also; Washington admitted it; bot Wasbiegion said be kad only that ambition which His prompted him w excel 11 tever he attempte}. ambition was @ noble passion for glory; it was n vulgar itching for temporary applause, nor » feverish thirst for power. He bad s high ideal of trae greatness and true fame, and & jast and discriminating apprecia- tion of his own capacity. He aepired to s name wailed should deseend brighter and brigh‘er down the stream oi! generations; which rhould entwine itse!f with the lettered glories of & Jt; which shou'd be ola- zoned upon the solid p pire, and be sculptured om monuments) measures of government. Acd can be be forgotten aa long as we bave s country and a constita- ton’ For the eonatry—who, one excepted, contributed more to nave it? And the constitution—who contriouted #0 much to establish i\’ If we should venture to predict the judgment of our countrymen of the next century upon ber public men— supposing the Unicn to continue—we should may taat tbe firet place of national ee\imation will be given to five of them: that these five are George Washington, A exan- der Hamilton, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay and Daaiel Webster, ail men of action but the Iset, and all of ‘hem ‘ving their claims from their national characters and services to the Union. Probably of these, the two mort Cemonstrative of character, and more directly influential, apart from weight of reputation end factitious circum: sance, were Hamilton and Jackeon—both military men, snd ooth bringing into government the promptoess, energy and vigor ef the field. And these great characters represented im thia ay and decision the true genius of the people; they made ad- tration popular in the cnly way in whieh it can be opular, by making it conform to the national tem- the temper of # bold, enterprising, impatient, proud, ‘ke, sonjuering race, fevering for action. impatient of delayr, looking to material rewults, and fearless of con- Fequences: and full of pride of nationality, and lov» of in- dividual and national glory, None dot ® vigorous government can satiety the ambi- tion or pride of such a people. They want to ree a man at the bead of affairs—a strong willat the helm—s mighty influence gotng out from vhe centre to the cireamterence and all over tne world. Oh! tors year with Hamilcon, or Jackson, or Clay, at the head ofaffsire! Woat sew vigor would not inepire the nation! Flow wound not fac- tion and sectional strife cease within ovr borders! What an impulre would not ve given to that nationai project, the Pacific Railroad! How in Jangaage like that of tha old Catholic saint, ‘1 ve beeause it is imporrible,’’ wonld they say, im suewer to the arguments of impracti cability, | we do because it is impossible!’ There would be no ion im the way, no Alps, no Pyrenees: but the great work of the age, anc the apt reprerentative of the p of tae age, and the fit monument of American a-t and enverprive, would make i'# triumphant way; for the moral energy carried through the messure would be equal to jtne steam power that drives forward traina tecugh mountaise and over rivers and plains. We have shows Hamirton’s claim to veneration nea oer cf empire, and ae the oranixing intellect of the Lew republie. $f he commitied errore they heve not ear vireo him, bat the just influence of his acte aod bis che. J, Bow emongly wid | rector remp.ne, By payuertionadly coutsibuied large'y NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, MAY 4, 1856. to that principle of nationality to whieh we owe the effi- ciency and honor which have marsed oar national histo-y —that there is such s nation as the United States—that this nation, answering the wants of the bee grown, 'o bé's tiret rate Power im the world—that |: has run @ bright career of glory, god performed @ denefi- cent mission upon ‘hat it bas hopes of a further growth so great thai the presemt seems but the initial pee 2 cant future, That these are 50 is smal de owing to the labors patriotsn of Alexander Hamilton. The most popular ama bril- lient pesssgee of our history are those which imitate his energy, and bear the stamp of hie nationaitty of spirit. ‘And if the Heg whish symbottves that nationall bas grown to beasacred thit the stares upon it have been Itt up wih @ fadeless Iustre—if, on the frentier pcet the soldier looks up to {t with pride—it, as it floa’s from the mesthesd, the railor boy trem the sbrouds bails it with exulting shout, as it streams out over Lis Dead—t! commerce feels safe upom all the paths of the r@a— 1" (he citizen is protested io whatever foreign Isvce—if al Sprig ole mage of a free (asccweire nave become the # tage Of this great peopie— The ciutsen of Masoscbusotte or of Georgia fecie » ell higher pride in that he is an American eit ‘and ineet- ing upen c-mmen scil, claims and receives the con<idera- tion ané weic>me of national brotherhood—if, under the piastic impress of this pationality, ie illustrated :he x:ate- ful tpectacle of a multitude of inen im the full price and glory of manhood, meeting upon the shores of a strange sea, comirg from many p'aces, and reared amid differing Iceal circumstances and influences, yet becoming meuld- ¢d into ene homogeneous and harmonious people. them- uniere of @ new empire, let us, for these things rem+mber with gra‘itude the man, the first in gepicy as the first in energy, who decicated and who consecrated botb to the union of these States, and to the trimmon of those nétional ideas trom which these splendid results bave come. A / CURIOUS POLITICAL HISTORY. Letter from Francis P. Blair all about Polk’s Cabinet, the Repudiation of the Globe Newspaper, &o., eo. SILVER SPRING, April 26, 1866, GextiemeN—It is gratetul tome to rective ap mv! ation to unite m your effort 10 restore the patrioti-m of te time when republicans of every perty were arrayed in oppoaiticn to the sinisier Gengns of the nullitiere of the South. They are moze formidable now than ever. They have ap admivistration installed at Washing.cnm to aid ther lots, which, seceiving ite power from the democracy, as betrayed ite orgasization—its name, and the accu mulated cox fidence gathered arcund it, by the Javors of the illustrious reetorers of the principles derived from Jefferson, togerher with the authority it conferred on these entros.ed with the government, to assist the worst f its caure, homely phrase, “the democracy bas been sold to Mr. Cainonn’s nullifying party; a pacity whien owes 1ts Origin 0 artiul appeals mace by Lim wo tue siave- hol ing interest, operating on the tears o: some, the ava- nce ave ar’ no of others, A brief acoount of the rise of this party will be useful, as exp.ainirg toe Hource of its power and of the present trounies of the countrr. nr. Calhoun, after tailing in his effort to attain the Presidency, by the skerifice he made of Southern interest to maputacturing cupidity, in the lirss protective tariff, which he contiibuted to enact, changed hfs tactics, and devoted his hfe to achieve the object of his ambition by coneclic ating the tlave power through appea's to ice inte- resis. He reversed his tariff pe, wnd pronounced the protec:ive rystem robvery of the South. Acriculture was indeed everywhere opprereed by an excessive tariff, bat Mr. Calboun and his partisans insisted that the whole burden fell on the South, although the North paia double the cuties paid by the South. 8 own and Mr. McDuffie’s powerfal appeals pereusded South Carolina that the Urion was a mischief to her, and that as the central seaboard State she would prosper more as the head of the Southern confederacy than aa 9 little slave cligareby in the midst of great repuoiican ecmmonwealtbr, then locking to the gradual progress of free principles for sggrandisement. ‘The more promperous States of ths South, elthough hostile to the tariff, would not adopt Mr. Calboun’s nalli- fication for rediess. His attempt to identify Gen. Jack- one acministraticn with South Osroiina principles proved avortive. The plan to effect it was ingeniously contrived. A dinner, In nonor of Jefferson’s dirzaday, was the occasion devised to inaugurate the sdministag- tion and the doctrine of nullification together. Toe sen- timents ith tois view were plate, to receive p, but they met his reprobation in the ‘wmous e fe¢era) Union must be preservea,” waich be inserited on the paper. Mr, Calhoun’s next step was to brivg South Carolina alone in.o the arena, w dey the general government and broach civil war, relying oa the sympathy of the slave States to uniteall in makice com- Moon eause with her waoen ocerced by the general govern- ment. This hazerdous plan of consbining the slaveuold- ing power in war upon the Union fell under the pro- ciamation and the force bill &e., names of Tappan, Garrison, aud other specuistive en- thusiasts. who argued he cause of the Airican .sce, 1m the hoye of reaching the feelings ant consz‘ences of those who bad the power of giving them freedom, we-+ made the watchwords of his party. Mr. Calhoum endeivored to impress the feeling that these movements porieaded the invasion of the rights of Southern rlaveowners oy the power of the Northern States. There wea not the sight. @st pretext for ‘be apprehension. The grea: majority in all the free Statea condemned in‘erference with .he do- mes ic institutions o'the South. Even discussion of subject, with a wew to morsl effect, was in the Nor bern citiee frowned down. But Mr. Caihoun was not covtent with this demonstration of public feelog in ‘he free States. His next move wae to convoke @ sec vention cf ali the S:ates poking slaves, fur the of demanding of the Northern Jegislatures the « tion of the aboli ion societies, headed by Ta others; and he declared that the South must di--clve 1] Uni-n, unless the Ncrth obeyed his cali to sur, ress the freedom of speech and of the press, if emp!» d by ite cttizene in discussing the mischie's of slavery Tis ex- traordipsry movement to enforee the persrcu'ia ot free opinion in'cne rection by demanding jena ena! ments, wepacing a revolt In the cther, on failure to cow ly, had the cesired effect. It gsve importance to ths »'olitiom- ints, which it 1 imporsibie they would otbe--ice bave acquired. Multiiuces were ready to defend «+ freedom of speech, who were etrongly oppcsed to the The Legislatures of the North would not pe Mr. Calocun’s bidding. He then appeaied to Cong: suppress the circulation of what he called ths ‘‘incen- Ciary”’ treete of the abclitioniste, and introduced ® bill, supported by long zeport, to enforce a sort of censor ship over every publication lodged in the mai. Ali were to be suppressed that could be construed ae affe sting slavery. “fr. Calboun denounce’ @ separation of the Union’ at the necessary consequence of the failure of thie measure. It failed ar an enactrent, but did net {ail to iuereace the agi: ation which it was Cecigned to prov ke, Then followed tke era of petitions from the North, whieh were multiplied as repuises to the inanlta heaped upon their au'hors, by Mr. Caiboun end hie Sontaern ccatjutors, They. {n turn, sverged themselves upon the Petitions by Cenunciatory epeeches, by refusing to p-int, dy Isying them upon the table without readisg, by sub jeeting them to every species of parliamentary contempt. All this exasperation, whish Mr. CsJboun had taken sueb an active share in propagattog throughout the class with which he icentified himseif, did nut compare his t. ¢ great body of the people, North aad South, saw that he aimed to reach the Preidercy by combloing the whole vote of the Sonth im his faver and putticg itm the attitude of abandoning the Union, uuless the North would call the great nullifier to the chief ma- gistracy to prevent it. The in:rigue of selfich ambi View was £0 bs ont ip all hia mai , tat Mr. Cathoun could not uotte the South in his supoort. It valted the Union much more than it did Mr, Catsoun, and would not pat it in jeopar¢y to make the experiment he proposed. Jt saw, too st there was mot the stignt. est inclination on the part of any Northern State t: tres pase cn the rights oftheir brethren of the Sou:b— the panic about incendiary docaments was « mere feint— that all the abolition pamphlets were but waste paper. If they had any effect, 1t was tomake the master more severe and the lave more servile. Havirg in vain tried to make the eubserviency of the tlaveholder ee the South pander to his v«lfisn derigns, ae it did in South Carolina, mischance at last geve Mr. Calhoun the opportunity to touch a chor which the feelings of slaveowners everywhere respon It awal the ambition of the whole oligarchy of South. The eonquest of new domions for slavery touched thet fibre in the heart which, unhappily for the p»ace of matkind, ie too much alive in every bosom, Mr, Calnoun, As the head of Mr. Tyler’s administration (a piace which was opened to him by the hand of death), urged the an- nexation of Texan as Uffering a field tothe South for the propagation of slavery, and opening its way to indefinite extention towarde the West. He seized the oocasion to address a letter to Lord Aberdeen, declaring this to be the purpose of the anrexation, and another to Mr, King, our Minister to Franoe, in which he expatiated noon .be advantages of slavery ; thus offering, in the eye? of all Europe, an inevlt to the honest principles on whien our revolutionary fathers and the suthors of the constitution founced our gi vernment. These patriots would not allow the word flave ‘o be found in our consticution, They provided for the extiac- tion of the slave trade xe a pirmcy. They prohiviced it from every Territory velongiog to the Union, Mr. Cal- houn covered new Territories only to afford room ‘5: expansion, and made it bis thameless boart to the world that the power we nac eee S* freemen, unde the lead of patriots who ld shed thetr blood to establiva the principye “that ail men were born free and equal.” wae now to to be employed to spread slavery over @ continent. Here, fr the first time, Mr. Calhoun suoeseded in drat ing to bis purposes the whole slareholding interest, as weil without as within South Carolina. The ambition of conquest, expeciaity in those taught to dcmixesr in their nurses’ arme, cannot resist the tempt- ing invitation to teke cheap glory and rich spoils from & weak people. Besides, we bad a claim to Texas, It was airency @ clave State. and it was not then ruspected thet Mr. Calboun jocked beyond its bouncaries tw take new extend siavery into Mexieo. His avowed was suppored to be limited by the practien! revult to which they were immediately applica- dle, and men who had no thought of conquering Mexico, t convert it again into @ land of slaver, cordially c0.0pe- rated in bringing Texae iato the Union. The scheme was then meditared, the conrequences of which are now before w, and which one Brooke, of South Carolina bas declared, in the House of Reprerentatives, looks to the absorption 01 Mexico, Nicaragas and Caba. The smnexaticn of Texes produced the war with Mexi- ec, which fully develo ing interes: for extended deminton. t entiefie the sequirition of the mieb State of Texan, It was atiefied with the pledge given by Congress that four ioral slave States should o¢ orented out of territory concneree fem Mexico, betweeo the limite of Texan aa bey etccd Detere the war ard the Rio Grande, and other orsetled regione extending along the line of 56 dew. @ wt. 19 New Mex, My, Cellvom aud bis partianne threatened to sever the Union it Calforuia was admitted eu a free State om cemand <f ite citisens, culess all New Mexico were opened to slavery. Tt is proper to look back to the euceessfs] means em pkyed by Mr. Calhoun and his friends, which enabied them to press such arrogant demands. Mr. Calnoun hed mace the elaveholcers a perfect Soutnern Ey = by waking it masifest that thorougn concert of action smorg them was eesentia’ to acbieve their conquest; and it wassizo impreseed, av another prere- quirite, that they must have control of the federal ad. ministration; and to secomplis this, » combiva'ion of yeonal in‘ereets mut be contr! 10 dissolve the ad- evien of party primed With tnese ends Mr. Calhoun, the setual head of Mr. Tyler's administration, called a convention of delegates, appointed by the office buiders in all the States, to meet a: Balrimore contemporaneas!¥ with the Democratic Convention chosen to nominate a sucotneor to Mr. Tyler. The Texas question was employed to produce a rcrism ip the Demosratie Conventica, & mojerity of wion bad teen instructed w announce Mr. a Buien és its candidate for the Presidency. The two- ‘¢’e rule was adop:ed to defeat his nomination, It le now avowed by one of the South Carolina de'ega- tion that Mr. Polk owed his nomination to Mr. Catncun’s friends, Colonel Piekens aud Mr. Elaore, trom South Carolina, aitenced ss delegates, and laid their credeatials on the table, but cid not veeome membere, preterring 0 stand aloof) and not be bound by the deotelon ot the vody. While [aetrg. Sema iaffoence to controi the re su)", they intin ated that uniese the man they would sup- pert rhould become tae cardidate, tbe nuLifiers who cor- trolled the Texas movementa would defeat hie wlection. Retna were made ov al] sices, and Mr. Pols was nomi- paied. But to walse eure that the pledges of Mr, Polk’s friends would be faivbfully redeemed, Mr. Tyler’s nemina- tion, which was mace in be convention of office bo.ders, then ot hand acd in session, wes proclaimed and beid io euevente, to be reeorted to in ease of falteriog om the part of Mr. Poik. ‘rhe skill with which Mr. Calnoun, +) ting in his cabinet, managed this doatle romir ation d+(ween Preticent in esse, and a President in fuduro, for the «ame place, gives admirab e proof of his Gex'erity ia po itisa! mtrigue. The point be bad in view was \o mak» the power which be could enable Mr. Tyler to wield ov-r the vote of the South, extort from Mr. Polk wuatever conces- sions the nullifiers might demand, as the price of Mr. ‘Tyler’ withdrawal, to secure Mr. Polk’e ¢.ection. The e:itor of the Glove knew nothing of the secre: ne- Rotiations pending between Messre. Polk, Cathoun and tyler, duricg the three months that Mr. Tyler kep” the field, nor, mceed, until after the iuauguraiiom o: Mr. Polk, He ‘did not uncersiand why Mr. Cathoun just »* that time got up public meetngs throngu the Souti., pr- claim ing @ Fecession trom the Union aniess the tar ff of 1842 was abanacned. Iv was the tocsln to draw ou! the train bands of nullifcation, to enable Mr. Tyler to threaten Mr. Polk with opporition in tat quarter. The editor of the Globe denounced this movement, ani the abuses of Mr. Tyler’s adminis'ration, because M« houn’s friends, who were connected with them, professes tobe friends of Mr Polk, Had not the (love taxon a course to show thet there was no collusion betweeo My. Polk and the authors of what so'offenced the pudlic the election would have been lost. Mr. Calboun tha: o pelled the Glode to teke tae course which gave a prstex tor Mr. Tyler to complain of ite eouducior, and to xppest to Mr, Polk to make a pledge that it should vot oa the ergin ot his administration in case Mr. Tyler withdrew to recure bis election, but thar he would apyoint one ‘avor- able to Mr. Ca houn and bimseif, in coasideration ot the sacrifice of ther present prospects to bis sazcess. Thin was the moce in which Mr. Calhoun reached his he bad succeeded ia masirg ong the slave owners of the cause py the hope ot mew con qnests, and he hac obtained in advance @ guaranty of authority over ths official organ cf the Fxecative, a8 6 Bostage, to contro} the succeeding acmiuletration. To rhow the impcrtance which Mr. Cathoun attached to the commanc of the official organ of the demoerasy at Warbington will require some detatl and proot. his may de tedious; but as all the existing troubles of the country are to be traced to the disorganization ana over- throw of thet party, and the eubdstitution of the p were of the pullifiera in ite stead, althongh prol'x, perrona. And romewbat savoring ot egotism, the develop nent may be excused as nesevsary. iar, Ri ys, in 2 correrpondence of his witn Mr. Ritebie, in Janusry, 1851:—“A gentieman of hige «'and- ing (Cel. P-ckens) warned me, snd through me Mr. Pair, that he iatendec to use all honorable means to ge: ria cf kim as editor ot the @lote, on account cf bis oyposi tion to Southern men and Southern measures.” [bir converraticn, betwoen Col. Pickens and Mr. Rives took place in Washington. on his way home from the Palti- more Convention, where he bud contrinuted to the uomi- naticn of Mr. Polk, To accomp!ish this purpose Cvione Pickens paid a vititto Mr. Polk, in Tennesree—but to prepare the way for ita letter was written cy Mr. Walner, afterwarcs Mr. Polk's Secretary of tne I'ressury, the porpore of which in dleciosed in the following pax sage of @ ie:ter from Mr. Polk to Qeneral Sack+on, dated, ‘Covumeta, July 2%, 144, My dear Sir:~ I received on yesterday the enclosed let Mr. Bensuor Walker, ot Mississippi. I have communien ad ite contenta, contdentialiy, to my inend, General Pillow. who wit band you this letter, snd who wil) confer wilh you in rev ird to eps proper to te taken, it anything shou'd be dene ia re ente to Ita euggestions. General Pi low ismy friexd, sndan honcrab/eand reiable man with whom you may sa‘e’s com mupicate tree! The orject which Mr. Waker desires to attain is an inpert. autcne, and ye: cecups ing the poet:ion which I do, 1! 1s one of £0 mock de'eacy the 1 eo not ee now I cowid write ca th fubject to any one. I summitit to sour better judgmen: vhat ou may deem tt proper to do, main object in the Mr. 77s wndrawsleeeron io be the course ot the Gobo itera nis Pa corely corierted Sister, and p Surely ar. Blair, cf the Glote, of w upon ‘ke administration during the pendency of the contest, east. Av will Le seen that ncthtrg more of the dealing be iweer Mr. Polk and Mr. Tvier’s Cabinet was here re. vealed than the wish tha: the editor of the Globe soo “pe menced to cease his war upon the adminis: tion éoring the pendency of the contest, at Jeast;”” the el cam stances, then concealed, have since come to light, ssow- ing that a bargain was then struck, that the (ricl-’ war ald cemee ‘crever, and that an organ, friend!» . Mr. ould be substituted for the (lobe. Toene dis re fire: indicsted subsequently to M:. volk’s election, by appreaehes to Genera) Jackson, to resoncile bir to the abanccnment of the democratic organ whieh he bac ertabiishec at Washington, a8 2 bulwark ag.iast the macbipations of Mr. Calncun to destroy the integrity ot the Unicn, to tfiect which the Press, ot Duff Green, bad been first devoted by him. Not a breath as to the mctives ot Colene) Pickens’ visit to Mr. Polk (whieh fol- lowed immediately after the letter ot Mr. Walker to Mr. Pork, oontaining the proposals of Mr. Tyle:’s w) udraw- a!,) was euffezed to reach the ears of General Jisason; but after thejeleetion in December, rumors of a d--ign to make e change in the organ reached him through (Geue- r4) Armetrong, who was sent to break it to hiv. ‘iene ta! Arcstrong, though affecting to sympathize wi aGen. oc D's fee cgs and wishes, was, in fact, enti-ely de- vored to Mr. Peis, and shereo in all his collus:+n with Calhoun and Tyler, and was rewarded for it fires vy the rich consulate #: Liverpool, and reaped his last ' arvest as ecitor of the Union, im the eervice of the nuuiiers Genera) Jackson divulges what General Armstrong rr pre- sented ae rumor, but what wae really the concocied pl reviled upen by the ccaiition of Calhoun, Tyler aud Polk, in @ letter cated Hermitage, 14th December, 1844, in which he rsys : * * * * % Our mninal friend, Gen. Robert Arm. 2 spent a pert of yeseraay with me, from whom I sorfidertially Jearped some movemen's of come of our democratic friends, Lot of wisdcm but of fely, that would at opce separate the de- mocrsiie parly and desiror Polk, and would of course d-ive you ‘rom whe support of Po k's administration and separate ‘be democrate party I fonhwith wrote Col. Polk upon the ‘ub- Ject. snd am sure be will view fas do, ® wicked aud con certed movement for Mr. Calhoun’s and Mr. Tyler's polities! bevefit. [1 is this, to sma)gamee the Madisonian and wha! was the Spreator axd'to make that paper the organ of the govern ment te the exclation of the Glote. Lam sure Poik, when he hears it, wiil tee] aa indignant at the piotaa T do. Twill voueh for one thing ard that ie, ibet My. Oalhoun will not be one ot Polk's Cabinet, nor any sstirent to the Presidency. his is believed to evring trom Mr. Rbet’s brain, nculoated int» the ‘brain of come ot our pretended democratic polidans who want to be great men, but will never reach that height. As your friend on the povition! confdentia: information, and by find the rere! movers of thie w de acd distract the repuplican party uzd dis eo've it— unless the measures we have adopted my put it down, you will soon see the movement in Wasbington, ard I hope, if artexwpted, the whole demccrace will rally arou'd the Jove Bud prostrate ihe viper iorever. This intrigue puts me in mund of Mr. Ca.houn's treechery tome, sad is well worthy of a scrple of bie. Hut thers is another project on foot as void of good sense and benefit 10 the demoeratic conse as the oiber, but pot as wicked proceeding from wesk nd inexperienced minds. Tt is wie: to ribg about & parimership between you and Mr. Ritchie, you tecontinue proprietor, and Ritchie ‘This. io me, Ise mos! extraordinary conception from any weil informed mind cr experiences politician. It ls irue Mr. Rictie is an experienced editor. bul sometimes goes of! athalf cc < 0 he :ees the whole ground, ard coos the party great injury be fore be rees his error, sod then wp ges difficulty to “et back into ihe right track again. Witoess hie course’on m ~emoval of the depost's, and bow much injury he did us be. » he Salo the thant (reek Rgath,, Adcthor fous pas he mmo whee te went ¢ff with River snd the conservatives, and advo sted tor the eefe keepin udlie revenue apectal depo: io the Suate barke, ae direc ory were corrupt wre could be sry more recurity im special deposits in corrupt banks than in getera! dep alia, acd it was some time before this great ab: surdity coud be test out ef his mind. ‘These are visionary measu‘es of what I call weak poll'icians, wbornggest them, but who wish io become grea: by foolish changes. Po k. l'teileve, will stick by you faithfully; koould be not, be ie Jost. Bu: I bave no feara but tha: he wil. and being informed ecefidendaily of thie movement, may brve!: in his power to putitalldown. Ore thing know, Gen. armstr on editor. ryeeif, with sil our influence, wid stick by you io ihe last. &m rot at liberty tozame pemes, but you will beable by silent Watchfaluess ‘0 dierver those cor cerned, because 'h> Ration of the Madimion with Mr. Rhew’s paper will be xt ed 10 be put in operation to out Mr. Tyler's nd tempt io become the ton pa: R the copartnership betweeo yrn nd Mr. lchie brogebed ie vou Dy tome of vour trends” ° hie, I therefore give you this icformstion thet you may —_¢ taken by furprice. There will ve great inirigue going at Waah- iegton thie winter, and il mintake not Mr. Po.k, be w'll throw whole to the bateand to the wind. He hwsener: enough if eibow room. uncer a’l end any circ estances, ane you may Test seeared he w)'] hare none in his osolnet ring \o the Presidecey. 1 write in confidence, ain write you. You MAY rest sesn-ed In my @ politicises on emrth can never shaxe it. i to see you the orgen o' the democratic party as long ae you own ® paper. and we loog ne the party fe true wo itset you Will ne ite organ, and trte 10 ite principier. lem very weak, and muri cioee. Your friend, truly, ANDREW JACKSON, On the 28:b of February, he recurs to the snbjent with reat surprise at Jesroing that a particular friend of Col. Polk’e in enlieted in Mr. Calboun’s organ. He says, in this letter of the 28th ruary. 1846:— Hinmirace, Feb, 28, 1845, el a My Deax Eiain—For he first time on the 224 instant I was {niormed sha: Colon! Laughin bad gone to ihe city ot Waah- become interested Im the Macisomian. If thi in true eiquieh me Kreay, Kome ‘ime T dia learn that 4 OG A LRAect 6 oot Lo une tae Madismian and the ion, #6 make St ke organ of the Executive. Another plan is:o eet Mr. Ritchie inierested as the Glove ~ 8/1 61 whieb I gave you sn, intimation, of, and whleb J tbovght bad teen put down, Butthat any leading democrvt here had Any thongbt of beermng interested in the Madiandan, 10 make it (be organ of the administration, was such a thing #s 1 could not believe; af common sense wi once pointed out, ne & or nsequence, thal jt would divide the demecrasy and destroy Pola seministracen. Why, it wowd blow him up Tne mo- ment } beard it L adopted such mesures ae trost have pnt fn end to 1 ap T know nothing could be wo injurious io «ol, Polk and bis administration, pretext for this movemeni will be the Gitr’s vupport of Cel Bentor. Let me know if there in acy truth inthis rnmor. I guarded Sol. Polk ageinet ardorment of the Glote It ean do yon but litte harm. Fudseribers may withcraw, but it will wdd one Dundred +7 CAEL 10} CUP SBbAETIDLON jist Ib CDe MOL ib Aer It ie Keown, Pine, if wend plese Porene! Polk in the bcos ct ‘ wy sg ‘Yous iriend, finewely, AADREW JACKSON, Four (ays afterwardr, ln o letter, be alludes t) the ¢florte be bid mace to prevert Mr Yok from entering ipis Thue conlittom with fyley ard Calhoun: — Hekwrtage, March 4 IMS, lo my Ieiier i sald 10 you, | tue tAkva & firm ord jtomediate sined % ul tt down.” | ¥ro'e to Co one olk Rfratk Bed irienaly ester. Drinwlad tn nim View ie At tat making ice Medisonian be ad would place him in, It wow Dein tbe epln the eemoerscy and bow bia nud sky bigb, There is less comer wecve iv coressve. Bp! | trnet Colore! Folk, cn ite recel ter, wl crush this Ty.er aud Ci'how at 1 am truly sour fried. ANDRAW JACKSON, From & succession of Je'tere wotcb | reseived froin sim in tee monthe of March apd April, it ie esicent be was cenetanUy +xering bie infiverce to avert toe mischief, to what be called tne * ) hresteped 10 the rurrencer cf the Sta pd une aa ption of the Calboum ovgen w reprevent bs scx ipietrs 10. The following letter, of the 9: cf April, exninits tbe whole dramatis persone vpgaged in tbe intrigue. |i given in fail. The maces which sppear tn this lener, ADO We alterdant circumslamcer, Larow light on che whole tra peaction :— Hznwracy, Apral 9, 1845, My Dram Mn. BLaik—T bave been quite sick for seve'a! days ~my ‘eet and lege much swollen, ard it has reacted my bencs ard shcomen, avd !t may be thet my life ends ia dropsy. } wears hitherto used 10 the swelling have now ttl ered 1 ry ‘we Lord’ beer urex vected by me, bu has | shown ess good common sence dy the President then ALv &ct of bie life, snd caleuisied to divide instead of uniting the d-mo- cract, *Pich appears to be his resson fer urging thir use ese ond feoli#h mes eure st ibe very threshhole of bis adminis'ra fon, ard when every ihing appeared to sugur well for, 10 bien, a prceperote soministraton. *he y , het re be ret out for Wash ngto: must have been listening to the syzret conreis of some political cliques, such a6 yun or f*ler eiques, (for there sre such bere’) or afer be reacted Waab- irgun rome of tke secret friends uf some of the ssp! suis roust bave gottea'ho.d of Lis ear and spoued his c™mmon verse, or be woud never have sucn & move nent, 80 upealied for. and well calculated to sever the demo-rsce by eallirg down upon If eurpiciona, by the nct of secretly favoring some of the politica! cliques who are looting 1 the succession for seme favorite, I have in my confi etter and partcwary tbatof the 4.b inet, brougo: fh'ly to bis view, in my Plain common sense way, bis situaion, and ask him ai Inst bow be can justify his courre to you—to the real dacao- that bas sastained my administration and Mr. Vao Buren’s. 1 brought to his view, that whea Ientered upon the cut of the acmimetration of the government, Dutl Greeo wos \ democratic editor, whee object wae to heat the executive chair by meior Mr, Cabour, Be was the executive organ nw) Viound be was dolvg mv eéminisizetion tojury. and di- visitg the demccratio ranks; that the Globe with you its editor, took Luff Green’s visce. Aha you ana Ol. Polk went hand in bena 1p eusteuning al! my meseures with ability and veal— noth novocsted the election of Mr. Van Buren. and wet hand in band Im enstaini7y his u¢miniairation— united in hie suoport for @ second \erm—have ever since the Colone.’s na:ne Was wa- rouncer ag ihe ncmiree of the Balumore Convention, ou cave given him on undeviating enpport. and I have ful v'expum'ned to him how your paper bad been drawn ssiray trom vour own matured views of be £ex48qnestion 1 ‘hen cone ude by .Re: ing ahm What excuse can be give io the old substantial Jack. sor and Ven Buren democrats for not eting you aud yur pa. per goce as hig organ until you are in some fault, and then, asf did Buf! Green, turn youaway. I ave, have you (hs colone]) any new pritcipies On-r than tban those you have always advocated, sud set forth im your insugural, to bring beiove the people, thet yon think Mr’ Bisir will oppose, that st ihe very ihe:hoid ci your adminiswation yon bave re pudisied Bisir and bis, Globe trom being sour organ. ikuow this cannot be the case, thereiore am entirely Iv to conjecture any pocd cause for your usace.tntahle course to Mr. blair, sud wine Up, telling bina inere Is Dut onexefe course to purrue- review bis course, send Jor you, and direct you snd the Gite to vroceed us the organ Of his adminisication, ¢1 2ousll ts curceence, and all woud be weil sud end i his fe thesuvstance,; enc i had a hove, on ihe receiptof y a rome others written by mutual friecd things to harmony and confidence rested on this hove anul the 7tb, when I received x of ihe Sbib. snd two copnfidentia: letiers trom the — regi- dent, directed io be laid before me, from which i: would be seen'that the purchase of the Glotc, and .oget clearo! you as ¢ditvcr, fe the great absorbing question bet: re the President. @1, who i. to be the purchaser? Mr. Ritchie and Major A.J: Dorelton, ita editors, Query as 2 the iatter. The aoove question 1 pave seked the Presiden:. Is that renegade poli- Sclan, Cameron, who boasis of his #50 000 10 set up & new pa, per, to becne oi them!—who is @ bankrupt in politics. aud who got elected Senator by ening himself to the whigs and who coud not raise $1,000 to te one of the prprietors to unite the demceracy His very election has divides them im Penne vanis, ond & le ‘er fo me saya be hea doze oar wuinal be! = —E hiené Buchanan much injury. b seeretly bis influence io effect it: or woul ownership in part Unite Horn, Kane, Leiper, and @ host of other old democrats in your ex uision? What delusion! <r is Major Waker, of enreree, 10 be the vurchsser? Here it is # he te vastly encumbered with debt; vy many & per. fect bankrup!, Who is to purebace comejrom? ja Dr, Wm. Gain the great friend of &. 8. Wainer. Secretary backrupi in properjy? My own 1.300 mace, the money cannct be raised,.and the Globe cannot xe bought, Whai inex? the Presicen! will find hinse't in a di lemma, have t ize, and the Glove be the orgen, wed Kuichie w!' revurn pot Fo wei! sattefied with the sagaritv of the administr ition ag wien he left Kichmond. ‘hese are my spe- culauong. I mony be in error. 1 would !tke to know wh*t por tion of the Cabinet are support'ng and advising the President to thin courte, where nothing but injury ean resul: to him in end, and division in his Cabicet, arene jrom jes ousy. What police! clique isio be benefited? My ¢ear frie let me yW all about the cabinet, and their movement on thi: sup- ject How loathsome it is to me to see av o d Iriend lad astie, prieiples ot justice and friendship forgo.ten, and all for the sake Lt policy-—and the great democratic party diviced or en- dangered for polisy—and thata mere imaginary poll’y, thet mustterd to divide the grea: democratic party, whils: the /hige @re secretly rejoicing a: the prospects of disunion {n our ranbe. 1 deo are to you, !t is « ecurse that common sense for bade the adop:ion, when the administration was entering om ite career with 6o much harmony and prospect of success. I arnt refect upon it wb eny calmness; every poin: of it, Upon eeruiny, turns to berm acd disunicn, aod not one bene ficial result can be expected trom it I will be apxiony io anow the result If barmeny ie reewored, and the Gloix the urgan, 1 will rejoice; if sold, to wbom, and for what! This may se the las: letter i may be able to write you; Dut ive or die, lam your ‘riend, ‘and never deserted one from Do- ley), and lenve my ptcers and reputwien in your kesving. ‘As far a8 justice is die to my fame, I know you will suieid tt. Iaek bo pore. I rest upon truth, and require xothiag Dut what truth will mete tome, Al) my househo.d join me in our healh acd progverity, and tbat «all you may iriumpd over ali enemier. viewings be vestowed upon you and Jours through life, is ‘he prayer of your sincere frien F. P. Biain. Eeq. ANDREW JACKSON. The firet slight glimpse of the comp/etion of the rergemert here fully developed vetween the triamverates bad been given immediately after Col. Pickens had made his visit 10 Col. Polk. A convention of Mr. Polh’s ‘riends aecembdled scon a‘terwards at Nashville, sac edop ed he courre of the Glove in regard to the nullification meetiags in Scuth Carolina. “Tt repelled (said Mr. Polk's Nashville organ, Nicholson's paper, 1 believe), the charge of d sgaiuet the real democracy with inciguation aud con: tempt,” &c. The moment after tue revarn of Co). Pic! ens to South Carolina the nullification cutcry was husked. The coniederates thus united, looked upo it as a common interest to quiet the North’s apprehensions in regard to the disonicn tencencits of Mr. Polk’s new allies. Mr. Pickens’ succese’u! mission was immediately flowed by Mr. Leder’s withdrawal from the canvass, An arrangement having been thus ratitied oetween the contractirg parties for an official organ in the interest of tke nullityimg party, in the event of Mr. Polk’s election, the Treasury of the United Statee, on the 4th dey ot No- vember, 1844 (signs then manifesting the strongest pro- bability of Mr. Polk’s election). piaced $50,000 ia Mr. Cameron’s benk, at» village nine milee from Harrisburg, to mske provision for the purchase of the press The joo cver, Mr. Cameron, in pursuance of the er avge- ent, informed Mr. Donelson, by letter, that he had tnis money at hie dispora), and be was invited by the Presi- dent to avail himeelf of it to purchase the (love, or es- tablish another press at Washington. General Jackson saw this letter, and got hie firet glimpse of the part as- signed Mr. Cameron. At soon ae the new Prerident arrived in Washincton he proposed to the editor of the (lobe 10 permit Maj‘r onel- fon 10 take bis place, at the same time soliciting him to support the press by writixg for it secretly. This was re- fused, and no coubt in consequence of Gen. Jackson’+ opposition to Mejor Doneleon’s lencing himself and the influence he derived from the General’s relationship, also declined the proposal of entericgtinto the projects of Mr. Calhoun, and hesitated to aval himself of the means put at bis di | by Mr. Cameron. Mr. Ritchie was tie al- ternative of Mejor Donelson. The latter was doubtless preferred by Mr. Calhoun, because he had been asso- lated with him in breabing General Jackson’s first Cabinet. That the confiden relations still subsi+ted which so signally marked their intercourse in the pegin- ning of Genera! Jackson’s administration, this preference iver fall proof, and it ie further evmced by the fact, tnat ir. Calhoun confided to him the execution of his last and mest important officis] act—tne midnight mission of the 3d of March to re-annex Texas tothe United States. The number of oer ished men who were called in to assist at the birth of the organ which was to estapiiah the Southern ¢ynatty by “ placing Col. Polk in the shoes of Mr. eo ¢ merke the interest which all the confede- rates tovk in the subject. Col, Pickens, Gen. Pillow, Mr. Walker, Mr. Tyler, Mr. Calhoun, Mr. Rhett, Mr. Came- ron, Major Donelson, Mr. Ritchie, Gen. Armstrong, dr. Nicholson, (‘hen editor of to Nashville Polk paper.) 1 believe, ali gure in General Jackeon’s letter, as having their share in the travail. Mr. Busbanan, it appears f-om @ letter on file im the rey, Department, was not lowed to en 18 of the responsibility for most éeltc of the operation—the taking the $50,000 to establish an organ. Mr. Tyler was willing to let Mr. Cameron have the $60,000 out of the pablic treasury to make Ppt bend for the political pantlirg on which eo much depended; but aa Mr. Bu- charan was to beeome a special beneficiary in the pre- miership, it was considered @ wise precaution that he should, im writing, reeommend Mr. Cameron as a fit reci- plent of this grace from the administration amd of tut trem the Treasury. The confidence thus reposed in Mr, Cameron all around and the hold it gave him om Mr. Buchanan, elevated bim to the renate of the United States. Possibly the £50,000 helped, as he only advanced out of it the first insta!ment for the Glote, as appeared from his testimony before a committee, The morey war not refunded until 1847, In the meantime Mr. Cameron was purveyor of fat jobs for the press in the Senate, and some in which he was him- telf suppored to be interested. ihe ment was, in truth repaid out of his own meney a gratuity of $50,000, which was voted to Mr. Pitcher beyond kis contracts, through the influence of Mr, Douglas, a sort of cutés for private Iife om retiring from the press. But be wae not the only Incky man who derived dig- nity and emolument from this Treasury investment. Me. Buchanan became Premier, Mr. Walker Secretary of the Treatury; Mesers, Catboun, Pickens and Elmore were xe verally offered the mission to England: Mr. Ritchie, Mr Denelson, General Armstrong and Mr@Nisholaon, euccer- sive editors of the organ, and the nullilying ¢quadron of the South, through its instrumentahty. have subjected to their contre) the organization of the democratic party frem that cay to thir. In virtue of it they have had at thelr ecmmané the bigh stations of the government at heme and eorond, And the present administration, from its induction to this hour, has been under the di tation of its leader, The question now to be decided before the oor x whether the pullifiere who have thue neurped the neme and orgerization ef the Lap th Ric ah but who have no privefpler in common with it, shall be allowed to car- ry cut their deeigne in such disguise. Their leaders on every question, 1m every dificult oririx of the eountry, tron’ the cer mencement of General Jackson’s adminietra- tion, have been sgainet the cemocracy. Who are the jesders in the South, whe now make ruch jond professions of demeeracy? Who are they that repeat the woré in cherns, ané have mace it s party mng cong! Men whe never were Gemocrate. bni abherred the pame when it reed the CCuptry APQUDG BD pOminieWeticn s $n that wen true to ibe repres princisia, to a'ar will, 10 the cause ¢ governmen’, Kui use Pony to cover broken far'h .o consrituen'+ sod viomted cow pacts het-ren Stats ‘The leeding wen in Virginia #8 apd Mason us Sena ore. end Wire, ve Gover or Wheat were they im the cays of conflict for toe Cem rsry; da ring the ‘sdmix stration: of Jick-en ao” Van Bi en— Hunter, a thorough Calngue nulaner . & mocks © is time are Honter copservative of the Rives woo Taimege Wire, siging with Calbour at every sep ot tis ceuny werfare against Jacsson and Yan Bormn, Mr. Cilogdsw, now ® moet promipen: cue’ ia S ibe, 2D sa e latter, Devtome bis advection sud to Une honors of the cenceraey of tiie ony. om bie boswiry o that waicb recognizes Van Bur n, Bentopfand Blac nmong ite foliowers. Mr. Butler, of South Cagoilns, who bas incerilel Mr. Celhioun’s place m his Sate and in we secne of te Unied States, ina ler erc: instructions, bay given this Jist of Cigniteries who wield the truscheon of "he /simete Gemocracy. from which he advines that the onlegsing to the Cincinnati Convention de drawn, Ha waye:— "Let the State rend very first men—such ae Governor Richarcson, Colonel Ficueue, Governor Eaomona, Mr. Brownwell, Mr. Rbett, Governor Means, Geceras Wal- lace, Mz. Weooward, Genera! Tompson, Mctard Simp. son. Genera: Rogers. Chese gentlemen have repatetions cf something tine Cu ule cigaity.”” Gentiemen of * Ca rule cignity,”’ in the ayn o! Korman granoenr, were per ronsgee exalted by cflicisl station to the privnege of rieirg in a certain clase of cheriote, frow ihe name of which that of their distinction was derived Now, the whole bocy uppoin'ed to gota Cinsinnst to fictate & Treident fer the democracy, derive their ‘ Cara e di nity” entrely from baving ricceo with Mr. Gahoom wi nullifying car. ng delegates to nowinate @ Presidential candidate at Cinci. em Ja sneer at gpia fellowrhip with a name sguicst whicer iy political sentiments revolt. He bases ai! p-eession © democracy on the part of his State, whose ‘n» itadone re epive'y at war with i's prince! be Seogred ho wonld have preferred her ¢ g alom, avnatog the amalgama'ion of mass mée'ings, 1p which democratic purobers must move stronger ¢ coal weight. Iwieh,” he aééa, “Seuth C navy cerained ber constitutional ideutity, cnintalnicg dee and equaiity.”’ The egualt y ia * coneti here meant is that *bich ‘would of a majority eovernicg in repuotics. fier speaks Out, Mr. Buller and General Atchison are tbe veal authors of the Kansas act, bu: they ever mesnr j rity rule provided im the la» rzoula supplu the weigat woich the constitutional equi of the -onth would bring to bear it down, oy accing force. and avins, smd taciles to overcome the mssees. These gentieun maturing their measurer, lived together in the ¢ the clonext intimacy, acd now flowing the custom of the Roman contuls (Mr. Butler will parcon the sliusioa), one takes the fied vo carry out their pane, wile the other Temains nthe Senate to give suppor: to niv amend cole These two eve the heirs of Mr Caltoan’s designs, jus and Aatony. [hey are tue mas’aty of the ation, an’ mey stend cor the repreeestatives wt 8 the Goering Tn this tbe oulli- large of ‘he spurious cvomoc Georgia, cext to Somth Caruitas, holds most away ie the nes party; and Mecks Tooms, Stevex# sui Jumion gre cuniessediy the commencing m+n in that state, Where cid they study for thy'r cemosratic dip ome? In the school cf every oppovition taat ever aehaieu the party re established oy Jackwun. Florica presents Mr. Yulee, as its Se to support ‘he new order ol democracy i South Caroling, ana by Adoption the Pr: 4 Semon rary, He was a devout worshipper of Mr. Calnoun, and ots imith 18 hie religion. ‘The rarty in Louisiana nckacwiedges Mr, Sou ite leader. A msleonten 24 sinister, as om France, won, ae Min- ister of the United States, nsulted the governmenie of France and Spain by way of jscquiring. Cnoe through a peaceful negotia ion, depending ‘or its sue- cess ov the good wiii 0! botn!—and tnen proposed in the Ortend conference to ravied it oy force trom tl arms of Spain, on the ground of necesizy!! This gentleman carries the delegation of Louiriaca to cnoose a President tor the democracy; a fanction to which te is reccrrmended by the bold-st speeches for sezeseion made duriug the debate on the eompromise 0° 1850, Two military chiettains bold Mississippi uoder a sort: of martial law. The tary of War is prov ded im ad- vance to represent her in the Secate during tue next ad- ministration, and for the present be commands ta the cabinet, In the Senate, a the sesciom of 1850, he out- Heroced the Herod of South “erolina in presemy t waris secession. He had taken all but the ae step, thatof walking out of the Senate and the Union with nis satin one hand aps hi te in the other’ His second 1a the command cf the Miesissippi cemocracy, Gen. Qaitman, also caught the pronune amiento infestion from texicam Senta Anna ard the herors of bis caet. Gen. Qaicean, it is thought. would have been convent to take bimsdt out of the Upion forthe sake of Cubs, and l-sve our Poor repuatic to sbitt for itself. He could not compas ia wieh. and he remaina to socquer the Norta ‘or the South, matirg fillousterirg in Keneas, non-ioterveotion, and the putting down of the baliot-box the test of popre lar covereigi In Ten nator Jonev and other inveterste ea emiee of Jackton have supplanted the cid deme ereey. These are tre b hat manage the poiics) concerns of the elaveboldere’ pa ty, sad msnaging then fa aily for their ultimate Interes.s. They nave put the ‘democracy vroper’”’ (to use General Jackton’s expression, to distin usb thore he relied cn from ths Calhoun pre’enders to ne pame) under toot. They hold the adioinie:rauen ux cer the ‘bumb, and every other Previcentia) aepirant at the north, looking to the Oiacinnati Convention, and the fry thoutand office bolders who seek te zetsio their sta- one, and expect their presorvation from the election of ome Cre of Ubese sspirante, compose the rack and file {thelr Nortnern mereenaries, whom Mr. Caxtiog may te raid to represent, having first fgurec in ‘yler’s corporal’ guard spurions democracy There are the elementa of thi which Generai Jackson’s intuitive eagacity foresaw would te the cffspring of the political embraces of Calhoun, Tyler and Polk. Among the Jazt levers ever written by vim. he predicted the rain of the csuse to whith be had ¢evoted his life, and that Mr. Polk would ve among the first to lament the courre thst ied to it. These brief ex: tracts mark the distress with which this esd sugary closed his career. In a letter of the <8th of April, he aaye:— My Dear Friexp~Uxder the cirenms'ances with which Were surrounded there was but one bonorabie eou. peo Jon to pursue unless you abandoned your cemoeretic prinsiples And divided the party, 'he one you bave adopted. ce sbail be. al united to sustain ihe great democratic party, st the course adopted by the President with the Glol+ will do Nae eee adnan with — best exerdous, be vided. The o'd democracy proper caonot see the proprie the courte adopted. “ithe Taliea are his own.) Butvivs dousy dice wot isey, Ciiomag ele will De Amongst the ret ct the old demccrats pro wil rary the oi oe proper that will regre: it, and nave in another letter he sgain takes up the enbdjeet and re= iterates the eame train of thought, put breaks cff bis une finiehed letter thus,— T hate used my voice to prevent that évil to hi aud ihe democrace party. Tem ico used to write much ie aay, eo iit fo the denuceratio ranke, which T ely ri nd which might be pri Bald lhe than hot ve ceen 0 easily avoided. I In a letter of the 3d of May, he writes about the dispo- sttion of bis papers, and recurs to his distress about “Col. Poik’s courre,” closing thus:— My Dean Friexp-J am exhansted 5 biubber of waler frem the toen 0 the crown of he ead tnd every line I write must pause for breath. May the choicest Dlenitzas of beaven be bertowed on you and every branch of your the united prayer of the inmates of 1 age. Your friend, « ‘ANOBEW JASKSON” ‘There extracts are given to abow that, even ander thé pressure of the malady which was rapidy burrying him to the grave, Gen. Jackson’s mind was cecupied with what he considered the cause of his country, which he identifed with the “repubiican party,” “the old democra- g proper,’ in opposition to the nuliifyizg party, which he thought aimed to destroy tre Union. he annexed ex- ‘tract 18 from a letter, the las: wrich hie pen was able ta ‘crawl, They are all in hie own bandwriting. The strength of thought, compared with the feebieness of band, showed his mind survived his body. It was in- tended to console me on reiiting from public life; and, after speaking tender!y of cur private relations, he ex- —- the pride he feit ‘or the ‘ high, honorable bearing hat separates you from the Glov and pecaniary in ratber than to do anact irjaricus to the great cemooratie caure, in which you had so long and faithfully labored, and, 1adé, evccers‘ully. Thus you bave set an example for all true patriots to follow.” His affectionste partial- no recurs. He mentions tuat be heard Sully was taking @ portrait of me, and adds:— I cer'ainiy will bave scopy of tt, and it shall iniy own Foom; and afverl am fore, iv tee mort poacher ous part of my Hermiege. In abou two seara the ® With ite editor and fical partner, wii! be called into life by the whoe demeecracy of the Union, And if they wil accept respond ine call, he Globe will be sain the orgen ol she Exe- cuilve, and the defender of our true demogratic principleasnd rious Union, as long as sti Me \- tarphaeecmare tien 6 lemocratic principles are tri: ‘The prediction atthe clove was verified, and witt the time mentioned Ritebie was peut fo offer ite surrondae (the Gees) te ite old eaitor. e Kanens net is now the test of democracy TI the declaration of the Presicent—of his ‘oficial ape to of his officehoiders and of the slaveholders. The Jeffer- fon and Jackson democracy is utterly scouted. And how. is this test of demoeracy represented in Congress? Le. the House, from the North, the Union couns about seventeen and of there there ia ecarcely one that did not reach bis seat upon other issues than tke Kansas quea- tion. In the Senate, {rom the North, :bere is not a Sena- tor who osm stand by the tesi{without actoriously mis- representing his State. From the Scuth there are no longer whigs or Cemocrats—all parties are swallowed up in nullification of party principies for the purpose of ex tending slavery over new regions, and witnout the jus- tiBeation of the want of room in the slave States. The fiften slave States, with Iitt'e more than one-third of the inhabitants of the free States, have an sree of 851,606- quar miles: the ree Etates only €12,107 square miles— the slave States ing also the s¢van' of soi] and milcer climate, wee ee What a revolution in the course of the first half ceatu- ry has slavery wrought, in the principies that save birtle toour republic! Freedom was the basis of that republic. It is now insisted that the constitution carries the prinei= ple of bondage wherever its bij mares an eccnisition. ‘he dercocratie party made Jefferson the sposile of ite faith. Compare the Kaneas ret with the Declasation of Independence, and the ordinance of 1787. in bs first payer, Mr. Jefferson aseerte the rights of humanity—te the other. excludes slavery from al) the territories of the: Union, The Kansas act would spread it over the conti- pent wi w vee it, establishes a new system of poli- fee ané morsle forthe democratic sine asm tent, PEN eee t is democratic now to break faith plighted between Ftates, in ecmpacts made to Preserve, the Union sane in tp Sa now to Laken faith with constituents ind viciate the reprerentative publics are al enced, pilcsgat saabnc It ie democratic new to dinobey the instrnetions of com Miinent bedier, and exert the foree of the government to defeat the ¢ of the people to redress the wrong ¢om- mitted by cne set of representatives, by turnirg them ent ané chooring another. Tt te cemesratic new, sfter nullifying the c’anse au~ thorizing Corgress to mane ruiee and regulations for the Terrticrier, end af the er mpremisen regulatiog their mde OL MITeMent ayd wrerpelasing be sew praseiphp i}