The New York Herald Newspaper, March 2, 1856, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. Bap thandaic hd JAMES GC,RDON BENNETT. PROP AIETOR AND EDITOR. Fd : OPVFICE N. W. CORNER OF NASSAU AND FULTON ‘7S. FE CA, ERED one copy nce per wopy, OF BB per annuin; the European edition, er annum, (0 haat Cat Baiicin or Gb coeny, part ofthe Continent, bth oo Y CORRESPONDENCE, containing import. ‘rom e world —if used wil! be Geeraliy ytd jor. wage Ook, Ponvicn CORRESPONDENTS, Ane Paxneotiury Rreveerap 10 Bhat sit LEFTENS 44D PACK- 4690 NOTICE taken of anonymous communications, We do ETE PRINTING seecued with neatness, cheapness and de PUDVERTISEMENTS renciced cvery day. No. 61 “AMUSEMENTS 10-MORROW EVENING. BROADWAY THEATRE, Broad way—Reaee TEE Ry ou rae Foust FiemD ayD'sam Daxox Hoass. aii NIPLO’S GARBEN, Broadway —fucnet Marni aGe—Tarer G@aaxv Pass Eiy King, c BURTON'S THEATRE, Chambers etreot—Wrvran’s Tar —Jensy Lixp, meas LAURA KRENE’S VARIETIES, Broadway—Two Loves app 4 Live—NOvELTY. WALLACK’S THEATRE, Eroadway—Gaue or Lirs—Po- GABON TAS, ~ BROADWAY VARIRTIES, 472 Bron¢way—Biack Evep ‘Busan— WANDERING MINSTREL. WOOD'S MINSTRELS, 444 Broa¢way—Ermorux Prr- Pokwakces—Harey Max, ok TREATY WITR JAFAN. 2 OPERA HOUSE, 539 Broad- et OF Ice-BURG. BUCKLEY'S BURLESQ: way—Nroko MinsTaeisy— ATHEN ZUM, No. 664 Broadway—Psxonamc Picrones or Cons amp darn CITY ASSEMBLY ROOMS, Brosdway—Comrumentany anv Panewet Bermet Concrat ro Paci JULIEN. New York, Sunday, March 2, 1856. Rhe News, There was a report im circulation yesterday that a disabled steamer, eupposed of course to have been the Pacific, was seen on the ] th alt. bya vessel arrived at St. Johns, N.F. We give the report more in detail in another colcmn. Very little re- liance was placed upon it so fay ae it had any refer- ence to the Pacific. The steamship America arrived at Boston at seven e@cleck iast evening. Our despatch furnishes us with further interesting inte!ligen Capt. Wick- “map, of the America, says there is no truth in the report that a steamer was seenon the third day out, heading towards St. George’e Channel, as reported from Halifax. He is of opinion that if the Pacific got into the ice she will yet be heard from. The Arago arrived yesterday with the foreign maiie and files of Enropean papere to the 13th ult., evablirg us to lay before ocr readers interesting Jetiers trom ovr correspondents at London, Paris and Rome, and ap important devate which took place in the British Parliamen: on American atfui The mails by the America will probably errive here to-day, putting us in possession of the details of the pews to the 1¢th, aeummary of which appeared ia yeete: day’s Hrraty. The Be'tic, which left Liver- pool on the 20th inst., is now in her eleventh day ont. Te the State Senate yesterday the bill to prevent egal voting in the city of New York was debated im ap elaborate manner by Mr Hall in favor, and Mr. Wadeworth against it. In the Assembly the motion to refer the New York tax bill to a special committee was debated at length, and the bill finally referred to the Committee on Cities and Vil- lages. A proposition to erect a monument to Thomas Paine was tabled by a vote of 54 to 27. ‘The Virginia Democratic State Convention ad- journed yesterday. We give under the telegraphic head the resolutions adopted by the meeting. Mr. Buchanan is evidently the first choice of the demo- crats of Virginia as a candidate for the Presidency. Our late Mexican files contain two most interest- ing official papers, which we have had translated and publish to-day. They are im the shape of ad- @resses, dated on the 8th and 16th of January, from Senor Lafragua, Mivister of the Interior to the Go- vernors of the States, in which that official fully ac- knowledges the existence of innumerabie intrigues, picts and conspiracies against the executive govern- ment, the want of unity of counsel for pubiie good, popuiardiserders aud the approaching disorganiza- tion of all rule, with the dread of a near and very verrible social convulsion. This pro- ceeds, in his opinion, from what he calls the “ peactionary” designs of different leading chiefs, including Tamirez, Uraga, Castillo, and Guitian, who, ae be alleges, want to temporarily gratify their own ends and ambition at the expense of the ruin of their common country. He appeals to a’! good citizens to oppose “ reaction,” and sustain the governmént now in power. The papers show clear- ly that happy Mexico is utterly prostrated at the feet cf a horde of spoilsmen, that she is unabl> now to raise herseli, and that universal anarchy can only be prevented by aid from the outside. The argument for the defendant, in the ¢ase of Ogden egainst Astor, was concluded on Friday last, when the Court adjourned till to-morrow at eleven ociock. The argument for the plaintid’ will then be ccmmenced, and the summing up will probably oceupy the whole week. The Champer of Commerce met yesterday, and parsed a series of resolutions against the attempted abolition of the Harbor Encroachment Commission, a@ bil) being now before the Legislature for that purpose. Twenty of our most distinguished mer- chants were appointed as a committee to proceed to Albany on Wednesday next, and eulighten the Le- gisiature on the subject. The St. David’s Benevolent Society celebrated their sixteenth anniversary at the Metropolitan last evening. About two hundred persons, including the invited guests, partook of a magnificent dinner, and the evening was spent agreeably in giving toasts, making <peeches, singing, &c., ke. We are com- pelled to omit our report this morning. We jearn from the report of the City Inspector that there were 330 deaths in the city daring the past week, namely, 63 men, 59 women, 128 boys and 130 girls, showing a decrease of 7 on the mortality of the week previous. There were 12 deaths from bronchitis, 44 of consumption, 27 of inflammation ot the lungs, 4 of congestion of the lungs, 15 of d@ropey in the bead, 4 of typhus fever, 5 of disease of the heart, 1] of inflammation of the bowels, 8 of inflammation of the brain, 7 of palsy, 4 of smallpox, 34 of convulsions (infantile), 11 of croup, 38 of scarlet fever, 24 of marasmus (infantile), and 9 of measie®. There were also 2 premature births, 40 cases of stillborn, aud 5 deaths from violent causes. The following ix the classification of diseases:— Bones, joints, kc., 2; brain and nerves, 75; genera- tive organs, 4; heart and blood vessels, 17; lungs, throat, &c., 109; old age, 6; skin, &c., and eruptive fevers, 57; stillborn and premature births, 42; sto- mach, bowels and other digestive organs, 49; un- cextain seat and general fevers, 17; urinary organs, 9. The nativity table gives 288 natives of the United States, 47 of Ireland, Germany 24, England 11, and the balanc: of various Earopean countries. Under our maritime head of this morning will be fonnd « list of highly important and useful day marks, recently put up on the Florida reets, the real of which will be fully appreciated by those ing the Gulf of Mexico on the coast of Florida. soles of cotton were active yesterday, and the ket cloced firm. The transactions embraced 2.000 wales. Flour and grain were without moment, while transactions were light, were waiting steamer’s letters. Pork, ¢ lorge stock on the Ist instant, fell " 6 31a $16 37}, closing doll at was (nll, at 10j,e. for fair g® done in sugars and were nuichanged, while yors were walt vai it about hange of « owing of ¢ le to oumer letters, ing the receipt of private Eee ‘The Pittebery and Philadelphia Conventions —The Ripe Fruits of the Caucus System, It was to be expected that a system which commenced in management would end in treason. The Pittsburg and Philadelphia Conventions purport to have been representa- tive and deliberative bodies; they were neither —they were cabals of low, mousing politi- cians, who had not the merit of pretending to he patriotic. They were gatherings of self. constituted spoilamen, political fortune hun- ters and bold impostors. It is thus every four years we are afflicted by the swarming of poli- tictans in this country, invariably producing new combinations and platforms, and often in- ducting into the hives of office a horde of ra- pacious charlatans and political paupers, who become the agents of the people, the ministers and judges of the public service, for the time being. It would be folly to suppose the affairs of the government can be perfectly adminie- tered. If Mr. Jefferson had not informed us that men are not angels, we might feel some assurance of their imperfections from the his- tory of the past, anda view of the present condition of our affairs. Government, in the United States, is based upon public opinion— that is the corner stone and foundation of the republic. In order to give effect to this opi- niop, we have established certain organic forms, which are lifeless till brought into ac- tion by the voice of the people. It is mani- feat from this statement that the very soul of the public administration, and of the govern- ment itself, is to be found in an unbiassed, an absolutely free expression of the sentiments of the persons legally authorized to vote at elec- tions. Itis the hightest duty ao citizen can perform, that of depositing nis vote for this or that candidate for office. The right thus to vote imnoses a corresponding obligation to exercise due discretion in the act; this right and obligation in tact constitute the only ee sential difference between the citizea and the sabject— between republicanism and monarchy. Hence the constitution has devolved upoa the people of the United States the duty of electing. once in four years, their chief magis- trate, and at one time and another nearly all their public officers. This is the theory of our federal and State systema. It was natural in such a condition of things that there should be eflorts made to subvert this admirable pro- cese of equality aud accountability. Men are ambitions, and often restless and uneasy uoder even the mildest restraints—some are vicious, others are mercenary, others are capricious, en- joying life on)y in the midst of political storms and hurricanes. It is not, therefore, wonderfal t at devices have been conceived under which the forms of the government and the nominoai rights of the people to vote have been retain- ed and acknowledged, while the actnal privilege of selecting their officials has been denied them. The caucus or coavention system is one of those devices. It undertakes to es- tablich an intermediate estate between the con- stitution and the peopie. It is no answer to this assertion to say that conventions only prerent candidates; because the management by which they are thus presented is such, in effect, as to produce utter confusion amougst the electors, and by forestalling the less active portion of the people, to render them sub- rervient, in fact, to the dictates of the conven- ion or caucus. This iseeen in the election of Mr. Van Burgn to the Presidency in 1836, the first positive fruit of the caucus system after ts elimivation into the present plan of con- ventions, under the direction and guidance of Merers. Van Buren and Marcy. Nobody be- Tieves that the true public sentiment of the country was represented in that election. The principles of the democratic masses are those of a vast majority of the American people; brt there was nothing in the candi- date presented by the machinery of the Demo- cratic National Convention in 1835 to recom- mend him to popular favor. He was at once the creator and the creation of the interme- diate power, and his election wasa usurpation, a political fraud upon the country; and it was all the more so, because he was the actual originator of the trick by which he was subse- quently placed in the Presidential chair. We may say what we will, but there is, after all, wjth or without the intervention of politicians apd conventions, a certain instinct in the pub lic mind which, sooner or later, will detect the heartleesness of public men. Perhaps this is better Dlustrated in the lives of Gea. Jackson ond Mortin Van Buren than in any other two prominent persons in this country. The glo- rious old hero has gone down to the grave respected, honored and loved by the whole American people; wh'le Mr. Van Buren, re- jected first by the voters, in spite of the machinery of the party, and in 1544 by the politicians themselves, now occupies a position which the least notable of our public men would think ita misfortune to be placed in. But after all, it was the instinct of self-pre servation, and no merit of the Convention, that set aside Mr. Van Buren in 1844. Caucuses and conventions are alike ia princi- ple and in practice opposed to the spirit of the contitutiop, and virtual violations of that com- pact. All national platforms are mere de- vices, delusions and snares—all violated vy their framers. They lead to the most fatal in- fluences in Congrese, making legislation tue result of the compromises of the day between sections, interests, persons and parties, and thus gradually, but certainly, eubverting the constitution itself and substituting the name- less populer expedients of men inits place. It must be recollected that national conventions, thoroughly exemplified by the Philadelphia and Pittsburg gatherings, constitute only a small portion of the machinery which the sys- tem itself brings into life. They are the ex- pressions, in fact, of the vast operations of lo- cal politicians, in every State, county and town of the Union, so perfected and carried out s to control public opinion at and before lections. The most notable effect of this species of combination is seen in its banefal influences upon the public men of the country, It has converted statesmen into politicians ; it bas substituted for bold, enlarged and comprehensive views, low intrigues and management— corruption and bribery—re wards and penalties. {t has diecouraged and rebuked all honorable, sbatesman-like conduct: all noble, free, patriotic exertio: ested republican sentiment. between the constitation and the people aes institutions, statutes and laws; and these have been enforced as if they constituted, in fact the most vital part of the machinery of govern ment. So far has this work of asurpation and demoralization gone, that now the rife with conspiracies against the federal Union country ts NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, MARCH 2, 1856. —with intriguing, mansging politicians, ang the manufacturers of cabalistic platforms, and occult creeds to mislead the people, The Pitte- burg Convention is one of the fruits of this sys- tem of irr&sponsible representation. The next most visible effect of this work of political demoralization is to be seen in the seramble which we witness for the public of- fices, and the change produced .in the dis pensing power, from the Executive to members of Congress and Senators. Places are now farmed out by the federal representatives to their active agents in the States, to the subser- vient press and the more subservient local in- struments, with a regularity and precision such as might be expected only from some absolute ruler of the nation. Meanwhile, the President, who is himeelf but an instrument of the general apparatus, skulks behind the Congressional re- commendations, which are, in fact, the war- rants of his authority to act. The constitution, it is true, devolved the duty of appointments upon him, with the concurrence of the Senate; but both these obligations are taken from the legal parties, and the appointments and con- firmations, with rare exceptions, settled either by local conventions and individuals or by Senators and members of Congress. So far has this shameless work progressed that the lat- ter parties have become sentinels at the doors of the Executive mansion, to pass whom is impossible without a previous war- rant from themselves. The President is, in fact, inaecessible to the people—he speaks conserning the duties they devolved upon him, only through the three hundred representatives to the national Legislature, who, by the machinery of parties, have be- come his masters, the dispensers of Executiv : offices and favors. In this condition of things, what wonder is it that there is a growing irre- sponsibility amonget federal agents—a loose state of morale and accountability, and a vast increase of expenditures on the part of the geperal government? What wonder that th: Treasury has so many leaks, and the people so many defaulters ?--that public and private morals have so fearfully declined, and tha: questionable reputation and ignorance are in- stalled in high places? What wouder is it that our foreign affairs have been so badly con- ducted, our legislation corrupted, our govern- ment enrrounded by a horde of speculators, gamblers and moral lepers?—that the public lands bave been squandered, the pu lic treasu- ry robbed, and the national character dis graced? All these results have followed the induction of thecaucus and convention system; and as that system has become the law to all parties, and ita principles have been generally carried into execution, so have we descended ia the scale of national corruption and official bri- bery. Ithas made a government of singular stability and purity in design and practice, one of management, uncertainty and fraud. It has stricken down all the best of our public men, and thus added ingratitude tocrime. It bas converted the public offices into tnstru- ments of selfish demagoguism, confining re- wards to unscrupulous partizaus, proscribing integrity and ability, and building up every- where in the Union an overshadowing despot- ism unknown to the constitution, aud utterly subversive of the true principles of demo- cratic equality. Religious Liberty in Turkey—Highly im, portant Inteljigence from Constantinople. We publish this morning a mass of highly interesting and important intelligence from Constantinople, on the subject of religious liberty in Turkey. The letter of Mr. Righter, a member of the Evangelical (Missionary) Al liance out there, explains itself; and also the fact that it is to him, as a correspondent of one of our religious cotemporaries, that we are in debted for the instructive letter of our Minis- ter at the Porte to the Grand Vizier. This ap- peal of Mr. Spence for the abolition of the death penalty against apostates in the Turkish dominions irom the faith of the Prophet, will be read with gratification by every American at home or abroad. The extract in connection with the aforesaid letters, which we republish from one of our Londoa exchanges, shows that in this sigoifi. cant religions movement, the Evangelical Al- lisnce have been sustained by the active co- operation of the diplomatic agents at Constan- tinople of all the great European Powers repre- sented there at the time, including, also, our own ambassador, who has most probably been actingin ihe matter under the full authority of bis government It is evident, also, from the tacts and opinions derived from these va {| rious sources, that there can uo dowst of | the speedy end absolute abolitios of the death | penalty in question, throughout the Turkish «mpi It must be ove of the first of the inevitable results of this Tarko-Russian war; apd others as marked and momentous in th: | religious, civil and political revolutionizing of | the Turkish dominions, will be comprehended | in the peace with Russia, or among the early frnits of a pacification. The Sultan has no other alternative than to submit to the decrees of the Western Powers, and abide by the con- sequences. The knell of Mosiemiem ia Europe was sounded with the departure of Menschikoff from Constantinople; and in seeking the protec- tion of England and France against Russia, th Sultan has but changed the destiny of Turkey from one set of Christian conquerors to two others. The abolition of the‘penalty of death against all Turks who may turn infidels (which is the Mabometan definition of all other reli- gions) is an imperative necessity to the Christian alMes of the Porte. Their pretension thut their war with Russia has been a war of civilization against barbarism must otherwise be abandoned. The war, we all know, was a war of self-interest, and of jealousy of the over- shadowing power of Russia in the Ha-t; and a wer, not for the preservation, but for the pos- session or control of Turkey against Russia. But for the sake of appearances, and in further- ance of their own selfish designs, the allies must do something for the Christianiza- | tion and civilization of Turkey; and from necessary concessions between the respective | claims of the Protestant Church of Ragland, | | the Catbolic Church of France and the Greek | Church of Ruesia, it is quite possible that Tar- | key, from being the most barbarous and bi- gotted religious Power of Europe, will soon be- come the most Jiberal and tolerant. The correspondence upon which this article is baced, reflects but a point or two of the groat civil, political and religious revolution, com- mhencing in Tarkey with the rupture with Rus. sia, Thie correspondence, however, jx the more intereeting and important on that ac- count, as it establishes s conspicuous landmark at the of the retreat of Moslemism back into the heart of Asia. The Proposed Husso-Turkish Boundary. It is understood that the Peace Conference which met last week at Paris will have laid before it # proposal to alter the boundary line between Russia and the Danubian Principali- ties, 0 as to free the Danube from Russian con- trol. A few words will briefly explain the re- lative position of the Powersconcerned. Pre- vious to 1792, the southwestern boundary of Russia was the Dniester. During the wars which were fought in the early portion of the century she crossed the Dniester, and seized Bes- sarabia; and in this seizure she was confirmed by the treaty of Bucharest, which fixed the Prath as the new boundary line. The late Emperor Nicholas, not yet satisfied, insisted on a further cession of territory by his feeble southern neighbors; and by the treaty of Adrianople, in 1828, the true Rusaian boundary was fixed at the southern side of the Danube, thus con- ceding to Russia possession of all the mouths of the river, and the islands it contains. It is now alleged that Russia has exerted her influence as sovereign to obstruct the naviga- tion of the Danube, and impede the trade of the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. Acting on this persuasion, the Allies, with whom it is said that Austria concurs, demand that the Russian boundary be pushed back—not to the point where it stood before 1792, but half way to the Dniester, so as to divide Bessarabia in two, and leave Russia half instead of the whole. The proposal will be best understood .by a glance at this map. The dotted lines are the proposed boundary; the present, it is needless to remark, is the river Pruth:— PRUTH R. The territory of which it is thus proposed to deprive Russia may be roughly estimated at 9,000 square miles, a trifle more than the area of New Hampshire. The land is very ferfile produces wheat, tobacco, hemp, flax, &ec., in quantities, together with good wines; exports tallow, cattle, wool, cheese, and the like. It is fairly peopted; the proportion of heads to the square mile being about the same as in Obio. It is plain, however, that Russia’s loss, if she loses the territory in question, will not be so wuch in actual dominion, but in power. She will lose the control of the mouths of the Danube, by far the most important and valu- able of ber commercial rights in the south. Free trade will doubtless be established in a modified form in the flourishing provinces on the Danube; and the producers of the Volga and the Don will be undersold in the Levant and the British markets. If Russia submits to this, it will be fair to say she is beaten. Xews from Nicaragua—Settlement of the Mosquito Dispute. The extracts trom Ll Nicaraguense and the letters whieh we published the other day, and these we pubjish io another column, show that the new government of Nicaragua is proceed ing firmly and successfully to consolidate its power and vindicate its dominion over its rightful territory. Its last act has been the solution of the Morquito question, and the final demolition of that phantom Power—the Mosquito kingdom-—-by a quiet assertion of Nicarag sovereignty over the whole terri- tory claimed by the psuedo King of Mosquito. Iu appearance, the decree by which this stroke of policy is effected is directed against Colonel Kiuney. It would be wrong, however, to infer therefrom that Walker and his government are necessarily animated by feelings of hos- lity to Kinney. Kinney is the occupant of the territory, and as lawyers would say, the validity of his grantor’s title must be tested in an action of trespass against him The State of Nicaragua, properly ig- noving the Mosquito King altogether, finds this Colonel occupying and claiming sove- reignty over a portion of her territory, and notifies him that his claim is treasonable ; just as the United States would do if the Earl of Selkirk or any other party were to claim dcminion over a portion of their territory, and send emigrants to take possession of it under a lease from him. Col. Kinney appears to have imagined that Nicaragua ought to have pro- ceeded vy means of a lawsuit brought in her Courts te ¢ject him. But it would be some- thing new tor @ sovereign power to submit her title to the dominions she claims to the arbi- tration of court of justice, in order to satisty the sensibilities of a foreigner, wio chose to impugp that title, We apprebend that if a hand of Hoglishmen seized Long [sland and set up the British flag there, and notified the public of their intention to anglicise the island in an ultimate design of annexing it to the British empire, the government of «he United States would be much more likely to treat the intruders to bayonets than to County Court summonrer. Col. Kinney, it is stated, having gone Granada on the faith ef oromises and ir tions from friends of Gon. Walker, was arrest: | ge cicieueted by foe. ita. | edand conveyed out of the territory by order of the head of the government. We must wait for further ‘intelligence before forming an opinion on this matter. It is easy to under- stand, however, that Gen. Walker may have contemplated a friendly understanding with Kinney, and connived at, if he did not solicit his visit to Granada; that the Colonel, finding his title absolutely worthless, may, in the na- tural irritation of the moment of his losses, have uttered language which a prudent ruler of Nicaragua, in her present delicate state, may have deemed dangerous; and that, under the peculiar mutual rela- tions of Kinney and Walker, the one happen- ing to have the power at the moment may have deemed it safe and judicious to exert that power to get rid of hisrival quietly. We do not know that these are the facts; but there is nothing improbable in this version of the story. There is an idle rumor afloat that Col. Kinney had applied to the United States government for redress against Gen. Walker. Those who repeat thia psy a poor compliment to the Colonel’s sagacity. He is too. old a man not to know that the State of Nicaragua will not be denied contro) over her own territory—at al) events by the United States; or to suppose that this country would interfere to support 2 titl> which it has uniformly refused to acknowledge, in favor of a person who has formally renounc- ed her protection. In the end, {t is perhaps not wholly unjustifiable to hope that the two Americans who have coupled their names the most conspicuously with the revivitication of Central America will see the advantage they may Werive from a friendly co-operation on a basis of patriotic regard for their adopted country: that Gen. Walker will not allow feel- ing or passion to blind him to the valuable qualities of his unsuccess:ful rival; and that Col. Kinney will come to admit that though he cannot be Cwsar, there is a lower rank which may be worthy of bis energy and hts talents. As to the general prospects of Central Ame- rica, they are steadily brightening. It is per- haps pot too much to estimate that five hun- dred Americans leave the United States every week for Central America. Such a popnla- tion must soon give a tone to society and en- terpriee there. Walier’s goverament has at- tained such solidity that he has been enabled toreduce the pay of the troops to so lowa figure that most of them will find it pay better to work at other trades. Better than all, the fears that Walker would go to war with his neighbors are wholly dispelled. Costa Rica bas already made a friendly treaty with the Walker government: the other States will doubtless soon follow the example. To sup- pose that they would not, in the face of the thoroughly sensible policy which Walker has purrued and promises to pursue, would argue a degree of obstinacy and folly in them that can- not be credited. - Departure of Hon. G. M. Dallas for England. Amcng the pdssengers who Jeft this port yesterday by the steamer Atlantic for Liverpool, was the Hon. G. M. Dallas, the newly apprinted Minister to England. A large number of the personal and political triends of Mr. Dallas arsembled on the pier to bid him adieu, and as the vessel le't the dock they gave him three hearty cheers tarice repeated. He is accompanied by his family, who will re- main with him in England during hie stay in that coun- try. They spent the last three or four days previous to their departure with Cot, James B. Murray of this city, who entertained a large party on Friday evening at his residence in Washington place, to meet the new Minis- ter, and to express their confidence in his ability and patriotism in the important mis+ion which he has wsder- taken. Amorg those who called xpon Mr. Dalles were Lieut. Gen. Scott, Commodore Perry, Hop. award Everett, Judge Kane of Philadelphia, Dr. Kane, (Arctle Expedi- tion,) Hor. James 8, Wadsworth, Hon. R.J. Walker, Hugh Maxwell, Fsy., Collector Redtield, and many others. A committee of the Chamber of Commerce, consisting of Hon Moses . Grinnell, Witliam Hoge, Esq., Paul N. Spaffcrd, James Lee and Thomas Tileston, besides severa! bankers and merchants, also waited upom Mr. Dallas and interchaged sentiments appropriate to the occasion. Mr. Tallas carries with him the support of the whole community, and has reason to feel that he represents and illustrates the sentiments of our whole peop'e. G. W. Beach, Faq, also went out in the steamer At- latic, a8 bearer o! special despatches fr:m the Hon. W. L. Marcy to the United States Legation at London. Mx. Everett oy WasnixcTox.—We learn that the honor- ab’e Edward Everett will deliver his discourse on the character of Washington, pronounced at Boston on the 22d, before the Mercantile Library Association, on the 2d proximo, at tbe Academy of Music. Mr. Everett is the most gracetul ard polisied of American orators. The Advent of Spring. There is an old superstition extant to the effect that the kind of weather that prevails on the 29th of Feb- ruary prognosticates what we may expest every day during the ensuing month. This prognostic, howeve } failed this year, On the 20th, the weather was balmy end bright, and the air was filled with a delicious hazeq svggestive of the re'axed rigors of winter and the return of the season of verdure and renewed vegetation. Bat yestefaay, au contraire, was stormy, blowy and snowy— a di-mal wintry day, A snow storm reached the city in the afternoon, and continued to rage with great violence until a late hour at night. Wel, winter is over at last, and we are satisfied that there are but few persons who feel regret thereat, Tue reason just over has been a severe one—bad for business wen, and fraitful of disaster to our merchants, and to thone “who went down to the sea in sbips;” for many a low found « cold and tearful death on our coasts tois winter, and many 4 gallant ship has gone down in the depths of the great rea. Bot with spring comes pleasanter auguries. Business wen are confident that the coming season will be one of unusual prorperity for them; and though March storms hove a bad reputation among mariners, there isa satis. ‘action in the thought that they cannot’ be as disastrous 48 ‘bore of the past winter, Spring has always been hailed with feastings and re- Joicings, and some of the most significant religous sym- dels of the Hebrews—-the sacrifice of the lamb, for in- stance—tipify the interest with which mankind have looked forward to the season st renewed vegetation. To mest af Us. expecially those who are coun'ry bora, sprirg ia fall of suggestive reminiscences. Who des not remember the strong decoctions, very black and very briter, which were annually forced dowa our unwilling throals with ‘be comforting assurance, that it was “ver, gocd in the spring ” the old Jady looking the watle whole pitchers full of the rame precious ¢ impound, and horri- hed at ‘he ivereculity we manifested as to the potency of the nasty stoff. But a truce to those recollections. Spriag has beea ppcstrepbised by all the leading poe's, and bas more verser written in its honor than any other resson ot the year. In the country it ie charming: but spring in New York ix entirely unlike the ‘season’? Toomson wrete aoout, Just now it is dreadful to contom- plate, but worse to confront. Silewalks covered with & thick bleck slime. such ae only can be produced under the auspices of a New York Commissioner, and all inrevgh the ceutre of our maguificent Broad Alp Alpson not to admiriog but to erise, oud Wit thelr poxk ering eyes. Whats pity New York is not one im- +“ jarin, with the Street Commissioners to manage how escnom‘cal it would be, never having to pay any- ing tor manure! Would it not bs a good plan to let out ibe scil in Becad way fn lotw to raise vegetablos oaY To fen im New York the condicion of the atreets is no joke. ' n of bslis and parviex is nearly over, and the nice rew bate moire antiyoe dresses and recherche Pax tisian mantiilas must be kept out of sight for ever 40 icrg. thougt the fair ones are dying to pat them on to sce how they look, just because that ungailant Commis. vill not keep the streets in order, Well, let as or # good suring business, for pleasant weather, and all things for pansable streets, delphia Correspondence. Peaperenia, March 1—43g P.M. Notwithstanding the heavy fall of snow which now pro- vails, the weather is moderate, and several steamers bave succeeded thie morning im effecting a pysinge to Marcus Hock, where ® passage to sea is uninterrupted, The sleemship B, H. Beaeb, for New York, and several st boar, have suce ded in reaching’ the city ths mday (uext the dataine! flee; and intermediate ports wi is ¢ SPER LATEST BIW ss. BY MAGNETIC AND PRINTING TELEGRAPHS, Arrtval of the America at Bosten. Bostox, Mareh 2, 1856, The royal mail steamship America, from Liverpool, via Halifax, arrived here at half past seven o'clock this even- ing. Captein Wickman, of thé America, ssys there is na trath in the report of there having been seen @ steamer, on the third day out of the America from Liverpool,’ heading towards St. George’s Channel, as was reported from Halifax. ‘The America reports hawing passed on Wednesday, Keb, 20, in lat. 50 13, lon. 23 Gy large steamer, with two funnels, bound East, suppow®6 to have been the Fulton. The America encountered large fields of ice during the voyage, and on the 25th ult. passed a large field, and clear water could not be seen to the north from the mast bead. id Captain Wickman thinks that if the Pacific got into the ive she will yet be heard from. THE LATEST NEWS. Lonpon, Feb. 16, 1886, Count Cavour arrived in Paris yesterday. The eudder fallin the English funds yesterday was announced by telegraph to the Paris Bourse, and produced something Mike a panic, The cause was not known at first, and re- ports were circulated attributing the decline of the Eng- lish funds tos cemplete rupture with the United States; to disturbances in the large towns; to the fall of the Palmerston Cabinet, and to other improbable circum- stances. The alarm diminished towards the Jatter part ofthe day. The Assemblée Netéonal contains an article in which aa attempt is made to inspire distrust concerning the defen- sive works in the course of construction at Portsmouth. It eaye they cannot be intended as a protection against either a Russian or an American fleet. It is said that » difference has arisen in the Sardinian Cabinet on the question of concession to the Holy See. M. de Cavour, the Prime Minister, is in favor of this po- Ney, while M. Kaliazzl, Minister of the Interior, contends that it would be a display of teeb!eness not warrsated by the circumstances. The America’s mails wiil be sent over the New Haven read by the train, which leaves Boston for New York to- morrow evening. From Washington. TRE SCOTT AND DAVIS CORRESPONDENCE—THE AN: NEXATION OF MOSQUITIA— APPOINTMENTS. WAsHLNGTON, March 1, 1856. The correspondence between Gen. Scott and Secretary Davie will be called tor by the Senate on Monday. 1 ua- derstand Gen. Davis will assent to its publication. The action of Gen. Walker towards Col. Kinney ig univerealiy condemned here, and it is being used by Pre- Pierce in defence of his policy towards Nicaragua. The Doorkeeper to the House of Representatives madé hie appointment of pagese—fourteen—to-day. Tkere were several hundred applications, Weather warm and rainy. No Northern mail to-night, EB NBW YORE LEGISLATURE. Senate. ALBANY, March 1, 1656. Mr. Brooxs prerented a petition for a law to regulate the sale of potatoes. Mr. RipgR asked if it was required that the bill should include Irieh potatoes. Mr. Brooxs—Certainly; the bili will require selters of potatoes to give sixty pounde to the bushel. REPORTS, Mr. BraprorD (favorably)—To incorpora‘e the yoxkuis Library ocatat ion. Mr. Cuyter—To regulate the supply of brine for the manufacture of salt. BILL INTRODUCED. By Mr. Riwer—To amend the charter“of Flushing. By Mr. Wapewortu—Te amend the Revised Statutes, relative to trials before Justices of Special Sessions. The report ef the Governors of the New York Hospital was received. Mr. Spencer moved that the Comptroller be re;uested to report the amount ot stock paidin and seeured of al? incorporated companies in the State, the amount of real and property assessed on them, and the amount of texes paid onthem., Passed. The bill to prevent illegal voting in New York elty wad debatec by Mr. Wadsworth im an elaborate and able speech st the bill, and by Mr. Hale in favor. A motion to strike out the enacting clause was with _ drawn, and reperted. aojumed Assembly. REPORTS FAVORABLY. To amend the laws relatiog to the First Division State Militia. To amexd the New Yoik City ry act. To incorporate the Excelsior Medical College. Amending the charter cf Rochester. ‘To incorporate the Buffalo Board of Trade. To refer the petition to build a basin in Gowanus bay to the New York Harbor Commiseioners. BILLS PASSED, To erect a monument to Gen. N. Herkimer, and to ap- propriate $500. To improve Trout Brook. Mr. TRIMMER gave notice of a motion to amand the rules by providing that no new bill shall be introduced after the 15th of March. pe rt ‘ ee, sy Mr. Norturvr—To exempt clergymen from tolls on flank reeds,’ turnptkes, iris, ke. wince veling te discharge their duties, By Mr. Ducanye—To punish by fine the adulteration of drugs and to prohibit the sale of patent medicines, By Mr. {Ray—To provide fer the erection of a monu- ment to Thomas Paine. Mr. Normurvy moved to lay this bill on the table. Carried by 64 to 27. A motion was then made to take it from the table, which allotted & long debate. Motion lost by ayes 30, nays 44. ir. Foor called up the motion for the refereace of the New York Tax bill to a special committee. This was debated by Messrs. Anthon, Duganne, Woods, Bailey and Mallory, when a motion to re‘er it to the »tanding Committee on Citivs and Villages was carried. Adjourned. The Virginia Demociatic State Convention, Ricawoxp, March 1, 1856, The Convention met at 10 o’clock this morning. Gov, FLoyD reported the following resolutions from the Committee on Resolutions:— . The demosratic republicans of Virginia, in convention assembled, apetie 3 the time honored usages in declariag the principles which bind them together as ® party, do resolve— First. That the true relations between the States and the federal government, and the true rules for the con- structin of the constitution, are correctly set forth fa the resolutions and report of 1798 and 1799 of the General Assimebly of Virginia; and the doctrines therein expound- ed are hereby adopted ard re affirmed, Second. That Congress has no power to appropriate, cirectly or indirectly, the proceeas of the sales of public lands, or to grant, directly or indirectly, the public lands to the purposes of internal improvement Third. That specific duties, taxing as they do the low _ necessaries of the poor as heavily as the cestly v yxuries of the tich, are ‘anenuah, unjust and ooious; that duties, designed for tection, foster one branch of inaustry and one section of the country at the expense of others, and ave utterly ineonsistent with justice, sound policy ana demo- cratic principles, and that we are opposed to any increase of the duties on imports, especially on articles of general and necessary consumption, such as iron, coal, sugar, salt and coarse co‘ton, Fourth. That the federal government ought to adhere, in its foreign giliey, to the maxims inculeated by the Father of his Country, andjby the Father of Democracy. Fitth. That we reaffirm the resolutions of the Baltf- more Convention of 1862 as tar as applicable to the pre- sent erndition of the country, Sixth, That the vote of the State ir. the Cincinnaté Convention to be given fur such candidates as will command t reatest strength in the democratic party throughout the Union, and whose principles are known to conform mont strictly to the cardinal tenets of the de- moriatic Gh oe fait. Seventh. it this Convention feel that they covld not more emphatically express their condemnation ,ot the obnoxious tenets and practices of the Know Nothin, party, than was done by the democracy of Virginia, a the polls, on the 24th cay of May, 1865. . ‘ghth. That we approve of the act known as the Kan- an-Nebreeka act, repealing, as it did, the Missouri re~ striction, which was uejust to the South, ani in conflict with the constitution and tho equality of the States. Ninth. That this Convention approves fully and en- dor ses cordially the principie contained In the aforesald act, which secures to the citizens of a Territory, in » lying tor admission into the Union a8 a Sta‘e, the right toestablish their own form of government, ‘with mah rowers, limitations and restrictions as they may think reper, subject only to the constitution of the United tees, whieh requires the form of governneat to be re- Vubliean. fs oa Tenth. That this Convention dj knowledge of rence of the democracy rape smorg the disti ished gentlemen wio may be presea*ed - 4 decoy they cooky apie rine oy puree am le bold and al tate papers Pr.sident cratic lth bave been Munented Pe Pes #8 demo General Pierce is dead in Virginia, and Mr. Buchanan is the first choice of most, and th ond chiice of all, the democrats in the State. Gen, Gerdon, of Alvernssle, meade a ra'ly for Pterce, but it felt still-bom, though the veteran General is always popular. Tie \esohution which was offerea for the admiatstra‘fon couldnot pass until the Committee explained to the C nyentror thet (t wae a to ¥, foe into an endorsement or, recom- mendation of Pierce. Sic transit glorin mundi, Tingiala fs sure ‘or Old Back, Pn en The business of the Convéntion is nearly over, and it will adjourn thie evening. esi ‘ation of the cardival men- From Salt Lake, Kansas, &¢ , arc) 1, 1550 which lof nore rshad Lo anf baule Smo 0 erage dep tly The m as Toke y party were greatly detained by saow, thi