The New York Herald Newspaper, January 23, 1856, Page 3

4 CHAPTER ON BAW MATERIALS, HAT THE EFFECT OF THE NEW TARIFF WILL BE, hert the Silk, Wool, Gutta Percha, India Bubber, Tin, &¢., Come From, USE THEY AKE POT TO. ‘rosgect of Cheap Dresses for Ladies, Cheap Cats for Men, Cheap Dolls for Bables, &., &., &. Itis aid that, should Congress elect # Speaker before he firs Monday in December in the present year of race, he new tariff, which has been so much talked bout,and so strongly approved by every one but a few dend and unrepentant whigs, will at last be brought re with every prospect of success. In view of this atinenoy, wo have collected and thrown together a in, Inia rubber and gutta percha, Whenever the tariff sedall articles manufactured in this country, into he coaporition of which these materials enter, will be sheapaed in proportion to the duty taken off, In some ses be reduction will be so material as to be felt at Puce ¥ theconsumer. In others it will be slight. The Panucturery will of course do their best to prevent the msusers feeling the effect of the change. The following otesaay make their task little more difficult :— ‘WOOL. A stis‘actory definition of wool has, probably, never n ven, for what we call wool blends so gradually nto sat which we recognize as hair that it is almost im- bosril to draw the line between the two. The cover- ng of he llama, the alpaca, the guanaco, the vicuna, nd sewral kinds of goats, 1 in this dublous position, ‘Valmst all furred animals have under their outer coat pf hairine of fine wool next the skin. The beaver isa manible instance of this kind, having in its natural tate: coat of peculiarly stiff hair, which is removed be- re ve skin is used for manufacturing purposes and pre- entd to us in the form of hats, &. But that which is opubrly recognized as wool, viz., the coat of the sheep, is hatebiefly concerns us in conne;tion with the tariff, as fhe “her kinds of wool are little used, particularly in Us cantry, where we nave not the machinery for maau- tuing the alpaca and otuer kindred materials which ve ttained a limited popularity in Europe, ‘Thehistory of wool is a very interesting one did our pacebut a.iow us to do it Justice. It was, however, atbat doubt, the earhest material used by mankiad for othog. It is eget mentioned in the scriptures— Lasicus xitt., 47, 69; Exodus xxv.,4,) and in many therpleces. The Egyptians also used woullen fabrics, nd sherever the sheop bas been known its skin haa md a favorite garment for uncivilized men. we look for the origin of the improvements which pavereen made in the breeding of sheep, we have n> jwtistetory evidence before the time of the Romans; but beyond rade such progress that the whole of the sys- lem ¢ sheep breeding at present in use in Spain is es- entilly the same as was introduced by the Romans. \tuella, who lived under the Emperor Claudius, gives peresting information on this point. Amoag Osher bins, he says thas bis uncle, who fives in Boetica, pro- uré éome wild African rame at Cadiz, of a coarse fleece, but¢ an udmirable color. He put them to some flag ‘oold ewes, and the male progeny being again put to ‘szetine ewes, the offspring of their descendants knitd the color of the sire with the dam’s softmess of ‘eee, Other agriculturista undoubtedly imitated him, id hus tho present white was communicated to the Jac) or parti-colorea flocks, which accerding to Pliny, erecommon in Spain, in Europe the Spanish wools erdong acknowledged to be the finest (though excelled y‘hose of Indin, whose manutactures have also ob- ind a proverbial reputation); but duciug the wars of Hapleon the breed ot fine merino sheep was either des- rovd or driven into Fracce, much to the improvement f tb fleece of that country, though to tne ivjary of that if Sain, whose growth now holds a third rate position. Dy at present vroduces the finest and most costly oo}, some of the finer qualities bringing a dollar and ‘» *nts per pound, and even as higo as a dollar and ftycents for fancy samples, whilst tome of the South meiean wools, unwashed, are sold at nine and eleven pnts ThtGerman wools owe their excellence to stock im- rttifrcm Spain in the year 1765, when two hundred rio rams and ewes were imported into Saxony, ac- bmpnied by two Spanish she;herds, and subsequent! ‘hersmall flocks, which were judiciously crossed wi ¢ ix'igenous Tough coated sheep of Germany, and by /ntivuai and careful breeding have produced the pro- ntine stcck—an improvement which haa had the of- ict in some parts of the country, of increasing the reve- wefrom that: source one thousand per cent. Mino sheep were also exported to the United States, hee they have flourished; to England, where thei edipg bas been abandoned for native sheep, 1: Fig found that the carcass was small and unprofitable. ‘ods were also sent to the Cape of Good Hope, whence ne Were exported to Australia—a country destined to {be largest wool growing field in the wor! w the African stock imported into Spain by Roman jers; the Spsnian stock imported directly or indi- sly anto Germany, France, England, the United States, e' i of Good Hope, and Australia. With regard to the growing 0: wool, several things have en found to affect its quality—climate, food and cross- igof breeds—questions too elaborate to enter into here; hone fect may be mentioned us interesting with regard the b:ee@ing, which is, that whilst the breed of the is tcund to have the most effect on the flesh and formation of the offspring, the ram has the most in- hence oa the quality of the wool, in the proportion of jo-thirds. This causes fine tleeced rams to be ver, juable—a fact of which the Romans were #0 wel ently given for a superior ram, in the reign of Charles II. a law was passed prohibiting exportation of wool from England (now the largest /porter in the world), it being supposed that English pol was superior to all others. This iaw existed until je year 1825, although it became a dead letter long pre- iis to that date, owing to tne increased manufacture England rendering importations necessary. It was to- [}ir0s the end of last century that, owing to the facilities forded by improved machinery, England began to iPport wool, which so alarmed that oligarchy the land. Hjners, that a mischievous duty of Os. 6d. sterling per wnd was imposed upon the foreign article. Tnia drag the prosperity of the ration not being considered lavy enough, in 1819 “Mr. Vansittart (to qaote a con- ycrary historian). perhaps the moat ignorant and vul- r minded minister that ever managed or mismanaged > finaveial aflairs of the realm, raised the duty to 56 illizgs steriing per ewt., or 6d. (12 cents) per pound. ie eflect of tris was to deteriorate the qual ty of British e, and proved a severe blow ‘® the national By the year 1825, however, the tax was re- ced to one half-peany per pound, a wise measure, hich” had the effect, by the year 1835, of increasing le importationsgo.more than ten times the amount of lowe of 1706, 1 tations of 1796 belug 4,000,000 unds, and those of 1 42,174,523. At this latter date, 35, the home growth of Ragland was 124,000,000 pounds, hoe which the law has been passed admitting wool duty le, and now it {s catimsted the home growth is 250,- 0,000 pourds annually. lin the United States the whole business connected with pol has been unsatisfactory—the growi ofitable, the importation precarious, and the manu- bture ruinous, Atthe present moment there are not 'y locma in the whole country working ail wool broad- th, +o that we are completely dependent on foreign juntries for our entire supply of broadelotha, besiaes e-half our cassimeres, At the sume time the United tes manufactures every particle of her home produced ol, and consumes her own manutacturos. In tact there e no foreign markets open to the manufactures of the pited states, as other nations who obtain their wool of duty, can, of course, outbid the Americans with eit thirty per cont of duty to pay, which, owing to ste in cleaning, actually amounts to nearly forty por at. he Ame-ican wool is what is termed a medium and quality of clothing wool, for though much haa been ne to improve the quality of the sheep in this country, bh cannot compete with the wools of Germany, Spain ai ralis, for which many reasons may be given, amongst hers the high price of Jabor preventing tne existence of bertain class ot shepherds. he first merinos hroughtfinto the United States were ported (about 300in number) in the year 1810 by neva! Hamphreys, American Minister in Portugal, and Consul, mr. Jarvis. Gon. Derby, of imported many more, and in 1825a great namber of Saxony cep were brought into the country. In 1835 there were ‘imated to be of all kinds in the United states 20,000,000 Feep, and the number bas not increased in the last enty years, which seems to indtcate that duty on fo- ign wool dees not at least stimulate the growth at me. Independent of her home produce the United States ports large quantities ot wool, principally of the coarser Hew, such as are not produced in this country, from South American ports of Buenos Ayres and Valpa- iso, and from the coast of Morocco, Smyrna, Syria and essa. ‘hese woo!s are chiefly valuable for carpets, ie manufacture of which has been aitended heretotore ith moe success than that of the finer goods in this nntr; he following table, showing the imports of raw wool to this country for the lat three years, when compared ith the amounts paid for manufactured woollens, indi- tes that rom some cause, (probably the heavy duty on e raw material,) we are shut cut from a very iarge field enterprise: RAW WOOIS IMPORTED INTO 71m porta cf raw wool for 1853. a 1854 1865 i Our averesge imports of man woola exceed 9 000,000, thong in 1855 it feil to $18,019,184, whilst hr exports of sll kinds of wool for the last three years ha been as fotlows:— ports of raw wool in 1863 150,000 Ibs. vty 0. 267,621 + 817,700 «« “ “ ports of manufactured wou + $350,000 do. do. veces 1,200,000 do. do. 185600010001. 9)397;701 ‘These tables serve rather to show a reduction in ‘the and an increase of exports, but this ttributable rather to the geveral depression of busi- to any improvement made in the 088. one opimon as to the effect of the on wool, It wili render the market nt, and give encouragement to the NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23, 1856. manufacture of wool by enabling the manufacturer to rely upon @ foreign a4 well ashome market. Am increase in the mapufacture of woollen goods will create a market for our heme grown and undoubtedly have the ef- fect of increasing the prcduciion of home grown |, as it did ia England immediately after the removal of the duty. But, above ail, it will cheapon every kind of wooi- len fabric aod enable us all to have more coats, more blankets and more earpets. GUTTA PERCHA. Gutta percha, of which large quantities are imported into this country, and the manufacture of which ia al- ready very extensive, is the concrete juice of » forest tree native of the shores of the Straits of Malacca, Borneo and the neighboring countries. The attention of civil- ized nations was first called to the va'ue of this material in 1842 dy Dr. Montgomerie, of Bengal; bat the natives had themselves discovered its valuable properties I before it was introduced into Karope. They construct whips, buckets, and vessels of kinds of the har- dered juice, and this excited the attention of travellers toa substance which has since been applied 10 vast variety of domestic and scientific mrapeene pro vanla tae most important 1 the latter being the coating to s1 rine telegraph wires, In fact, it is difficult to conosive what would have prep. one, without gutta percha tn this fnvaluable branch nce. ‘The trees which produce this substance attain the height ot from ate 1 seventy feet, aad are of ex- ceedingly slow grow! It is, therefore, to be regretted that the cupicity of traders has led them to fell the trees, in order to procure » larger supply of the gum, and thereby cu'ting off the source of future lea. The mode adoy at present of obtaining the gum x the tree is cut down, is to strip off the bark ia places at a distance of about twelve inches apart, and al- low the juice to run out into a cocoanut shel The sap is then collected in bamboos, and taken to the houses of the natives and boiled, in order to drive off the watery icles and inspissate it to the proper consistence. Gutta percha, when perfectly pure, i of a grayish white, but aa generally presented to us of a dark brown. ‘this is A for Se its admixture with partislea of bark, which ere crenata ing gutta percha for use i of preoar 5 for use is very simple, and is ‘ne follows: substance is first cut into small slices, by the aid of a vertical wheel with three knives attached. Those alices are immersed in hot water, in order to remove the dirt, after which it is torn to ieces in a spiked cylinder, and falls again into hot water for turther cleaning; boing softened by the action of the heat, it is kneaded, and then rolled between heated cylin- ders, and rolled into sheets between stsel rollers, or made into tubes, or any of the thousand forms into which it is manufactured. Gutta percha tubing is found to be particularly for the purpose of conveying water, as was pro’ some expermenta tried a year or two back at the Bir- mingham (England) water works, where it was proved that [aan three-fourths of an inch in dismeter and one- eighth in thickness, for two months stood the pressure of 200 feet ot water, without being in any way affected. As an additional test of their strength, the same pipes were submitted to a pressure of 337 pounds to the square inch, the usual test pressure for the same sizo1 pipes of other materials being about 225 pounds. Gutta perch» is also very valuable for scientific pur poses, and has been variously applied, with perfect success, by Mr. Farraday, the eminent chemist. ‘A process of vulcanizing gutta percha, somewhat simi- lar to that applied to India rubber, has been patented within the last two years, and a company formed for its manufacture in New York. Itis said that for many pur- poses the vulcanized gute percha is roperior to any other material prepared in the same, or infact any other way. in SILK. According to the ancients, silk was first brought from Serica or Serind (China) whence the silkworm was intro- duced into other countries, but not until the reign of Justivian, when two Persian monks succeeded in se- cretly conveying a number of eggs to Constantinople in a hollow cane. From these eggs Europe and America have been supplied with their race of worms, At that time silk was much more highly esteemed than at pre- sent. As an illustration of this may be mentioned the @ :t that it was considered a wantcn extravagance of wut most wanton and prodigal, Heliogubaas, that he had a garment made wholiy of silk. But such has been the progrecs of the culture and manufacture of this beautiful and valuable material, thut the humblest ser- vant gitl may induige in the same luxury as cid Helioga- balus without exciticg a remark. For six bundred years the culture of the siskworm in Europe was confined to the Greek empire; but in the twelfth century it was introduced into Sicily, whence it gradually spread to Italy, Spain and France, At one time it was supposed that silk couid be cul:i- vated with great advantage in the United states, and half the country went mad about mulberry trees and ‘worms; but after some years of the most assiduous labor, the importation of various kinds of mulberry trees and different description of eggs; after, in fact. every effort dad been exhausted in trying to uttain the very desica- bie end of making this a silk growing country, the at- tempt was abandoned It was found that ava general rule the worms died, and when they cid not,and aucceed- ed m producing cocoons, the amountof manual labor ne- cessary to unwind the sik rendered them valueless in this country, where all human labor commands suca a high price. " We consequently now fiod it necessary to import allour raw silk trom foreign countries—China, Italy aad France. Lhe manufacture of silk in the United States ia not very extensive. This is chiefly owing toa heavy duty of fifteen per cent on the raw materia:, which fil- teen cent by the time the raw material is manu‘ac- tured, amounts in reality to—owing to waste ia washing, &c.—nearer twenty per cent. This heavy duty of course prevents our manufacturers, who are capable of pro- Gueing the fivest goods, from competing with Engiand, Frapce and Germany, where tacre is no duty whatever on the raw material, It is rather inveresting to trace the purple robe of the emperor, and the hoop-distended dress of tne belle, back to un insigalficant little worm, born from an egg amalier than the head of the smailest pin. This litda worm, at first ecarcely visible, feedson mulberry leaves of some far ff part of China, Southern France or Italy, grows to be an inch long, rpins a ball of from four to six hundred yards of web, ot which himself forms the nucleus, and then goes tosleep. Atterreven or eight daya some watch- rl Chinaman takes the ball or c»coon, kills the sleeping worm by meuns of heat, throws the bal! iato boiling water in order to dissolve the gum, und then unwinds toe silk from the worm. A number ot there fibres are twisted together, and called raw silk, The raw silk is then twisted and thrown in three diffrent ways, and called singles, tram and arganzine—then boiled for four hours to extract the gum, and then washed with goapand water, after which it 1s woven into velvet, satin. gauze, sarsnot, gros de Napier, crape, and thousand other fabrics, ready for the Emperor, fine lsdy, or serving girl. It is estimated that twelve pouncs of cocoons, the pro- duce of the iabor of 2,800 worms, who have consumed 152 Ibs. mulberry leaves, give one pound of reeled silk, which may be converted into sixteen yards of Gros de Naples. Th onder: to show tho working of this system of taxing the raw material, we need only state the fact that wo annually pay to foreign countries between thirty and forty millions for manufactured silk, whilst the average cf nmportation of the raw material 1s below one million apnually. And at the same time we only export aboat seven hundred thousand dollars worth of manufactures of silk. The following were last year’s operations in silk:— Imyort of raw silk......... $751,625 Import of manufactured do 916,356 Expert of raw a wk 7122 Export of manufactured do 952)135 INDIA RUBBER. India rubber, also called caoutchouc or elastic resin { preduced from the syringe tree of Cayenne and otbe parte of South America. It is found in abundance in Pe- ra, in the Brazils and in Quito. Of late years cousider- able quantities have been brought from Penang, Sing: pore and Avsam, but of an inferior quality, being mixed with nearly thirty per cent of rand and bark. The esontchouc of Para is the most pure, and trom that port alone, in the year 1860, one million five hundred thou- sand pounds; in the year 1864, three millions three hua- Gred und thirty thousand pounds; and in 1855, two mil- hons reven hundred and forty thousand pounds, were im- ported into this country. Caoutchouc obtamed its name of India rupber frem the circumstance that it was first used solely for the pur- pose of rubbing lead pencil marka trom paper. One of the first notices made of it is in the preface of Dr. Pri There, acme in Portugal and some in the mountains rat i in Kalssoe ly’a work ¢n perspective, printed in 1770, He “Since this work was printed off, I have veen stance (no name is given to it,) excellently adap'ed to the p ‘of wiping frcm paper the marks of black lead pencils, It must therefore be of 5 use to thore swho prectice drawing. It is eold by Mr. Nairne, mathe- matical instrument maker, opposite the Royal Exchange. He tells a cubical piece of about half an sh for three shillings, and he says it will laet for several years.’’ Conceive pay ing ceventy-five cents for a piece of India rubber not so large as a hickory nut! For the first knowledge of the source of caoutchouc we are indebted to some French academicians who were sent ont for the purpose of astronomical observations in 1735. They diecoverec it in Para, in South America. It is @ white juice which oozes from {ncisioss made in the bark of the tree, and ia collected chiefly in wet weather, when it flows abundantly. It is supposed the patives make mouids of clay in the form of bottles, and cuver them with numerous layers of the liquid, one after the other as they diy. The moulds are thun broken. and the pieces extracted, leaving complete bottles of Indias rubber ready for exportation, and in that form the raw cacntchouc cc mes to us, Numerous inventions have been made in connection th India rubber, and at the present it ix applied prooa- bly to more purposes than almost any other material. ‘The first application of caoutchouc to extensive use seems to have been made by Mr.”Barnard, who twenty-two ears ago, patented a kind of liquid India rubber, which $e wseo asap elastic varnish for rendering clothing and otber things waterproof, and called caoutchesine. The next important patent’ was the one for making water- proof gaiments, taken out by Mr. Mackintosh, of Glss- gow, whose name haa become tamiliar in connec'ion with tbe material, Mr. Mackintorh’s msthod of making his waterproof cloth is exceedingly simple, The India ruboor is dissolved in the oil distil from gas tar and spread upon the surface of a piece of cloth, apon which a similar tee of cloth ia extended, both pieses are then pressed between a couple of rollers. Hence the waterproof cloth consists of two pieces of cloth united by an intervening layer of caoutehouc. ‘The most rtant invention, however, connected with India -—that which has made it adapta- table to the greater number of usefal in the process of vulcanization, a process whic! in combining in a certain way caoutchoue and sulphur. The effects of thin treatment are that the India rabber tains its elasticity in all temperatures. Vulcanized Indi tubber cannot be effected Ls aay known solvent. not affected by heat short of the valcanizing point, and it requires extraordinary power of resisting compres. sion, thus 4 cannon ball was broke to pieces by being driven through a masa of vulcanized India rubber, the Inoia rubber itaelf exhibiting no other sign of the pas but a rcarcely perceptible elit. Who the inventor of thi process is, it would be hard to say. A Mr. Hancock claims it in Foglacd, and Messrs, Goodyear and Day have notorious by contesting for the exclu- sive right of using it. At the present dsy the manufactur of India rubber goods is a very extensive business ia the United States; ‘and Lo some br ‘boots wad shoes, lor instance—we exrel all other countries. che American maaufac- turer cannot compete sue: ly with his Cansdiao neighbor, as the latter bas éue adaantage of getting his material free of duty, Whilst ia this country it pays a@duty ge Fer cent. ‘The following are the operations of 1855 ia Imdia rub- Export domestic ménufecture , $1,419,107 Do. foreign 19,777 1, conta 43,720 Although tin isa metal by no means so extensively used in manufactures as many others, still it deserves a special notice, being an exceptional material, one of those materials which cannot be produced in this country, and consequently deserving to be admitted free of duty, as recommended by Mr. Guthrie, ‘Tin, although a rare metal, bas always been in common ure, and seems to have been well known in remote ages. The Pheenicians obtained it from Spain and Britain, with which countries they carried on a profitable trade. It spacers aise he howe been, im common use in the time of lores, This country imports about five million dollars worth of tin bar Moma ae tary & mapuiactared mostly , and peying a duty of fifteen ‘per cen! the rei fitth comes in the form of pigs, and a duty of five per cent. The United States produces no tin, although a little is found in Mexico. Gornwall, in Eng- land, contains the most celebrated tin mines, are jia. Mines of it also occur lacoa, As to the manufactures of this motal they are various, but it is ag on alloy wita other metals that it is partiou- larly useful. Tin and zine readily combing, and an alloy is made of tinand lead. It is combination of the three metals which makes that exceediogly stance cailed pewter. ‘lin does not ee fron, although thin plates of iron dipped into moulten tin form what are called tin plates. The tin not only covers the iron but penetrates the metal, giving the whole a white appearance, so that very few are probably a ware of the presence of the iron. The following are the exports and imports of tin during the last year Exports, . $84,802 Imports, $4,042,414 Theatres and Exhibitions. Broapway TurateE.—The magnificent fairy spestacle of King Charming” will be repeated this evening, with, for the second time, a new cast of some of the leading characters, viz.:—Madam Ponisi as the hero, Mrs. Blake as Queen Henpeckt, and Mrs. Buckland as the commauder of the fairy light guard. Mr. Whiting continues his ad- mirable personation of the henpecked King. Previous to the spectacle, the dashing farce called -‘Tweaty Minutes With a Tiger—Mr. Whiting aa the Old Tiger, and Mr. Fenno as the Tiger Tamer. Nnio’s GaARDEN.—The large and fashionable audiences nightly attracted to tbis establishment are gratifying in- dications that the industry and enterprise ot the manage- ineut are duly appreciated by the public. So long as tae kavels and the great ballet troupe contiaus to combine thir talent, just eo long they may naturaily expect fa'l houses. ‘The selections for to-mght are “The School- master,” “Katy, the Vivandler,”” and *« Jocko, the Bra. vilian Ape.” The Ravels appear in all the pleses, and We Robert, and other distingulshed dancers, in the cecond. Bowery THEATRE.—An unusually attractive bill has deen issued for the benefit of Mr. 8. P. Miles, tne gentle- manly assistant treasurer of this house, which takes place to-night. Mr. and Miss Charles; Mr. Madison, tae American Hercules; and Dopva Caralesta, one of’ the Rousset Sistera, will appear in addition to the leading ty- lent of the regular company. Tho dramatic performances consist of ‘‘ Mary, Queen of scots’’—Mr, R. Juhoston as Douglas, Mr. Warda« Lord Lindsay, and Mrs. Ward as Queen Mary; ‘Our Gal’’—Miss Charles as Caroline Mer- ton; Limerick Boy”’—Mr. Charles as Paddy Miles; ani “ Yankee Jack,” in which Mr. Johnston and Mcs, Ward appear. Bonrox’s Tnesrnr.—The highly gratifying reception given to “The Upper Tenand Lower Twenty.” upon the occarion of its revival last Monday, induces the manager to announce it for repetition to-night. This popular lo- cal drama 1s embellished with several views in this city, which, combined with the characters, particularly that of Crookpath, aa personated by Mr. Burton, cannot fail to arrest the attention of every beholder. The whole presents a graphic daguerreotype of the various shales of jew York life. ‘The entertainments close with * Tweaty Minutes with a Tiger.” Wartack’s TneaTRe.—Bourcicauit’s favorite three act comedy will be repeated to-night for the iifth time this season. This is one of the author's best pieces, and he is especially fortunate in having such representatives of all the leading characters as Mevsrs. Lester, Beougham, Walcot and Norton. and Mesdames Hoey, Vernon, Stephen, Brongham, Conover and Phillips. ‘The comedy will be followed by the extraordinary operatic comicality entitied ‘‘Po-ea-hon-tas,” which, it is aunounced, will de withdrawn after to-morrow night, to make room for two or three new comedies. Lavra Kexye’s Varieriss —Notwithstanding the marked favor bestowed by large assemblages upon each repre- sentation of Bulwer’s besuttul play of “The: Lady of Lyons,” that piece will be performed for the Jast tims tw-night; therefore, ail those who desire to witness Miss Keeuo’s personation of her great part of Pauline, and Mr. Jordan as Claude, should mot miss the present op ortunity. The sparkling little ballet callea ‘The Prima Denna,” in which M’le Franck and other talented Gancers appear, will close the performances. A new comeay, by the sathor of “Still Waters,” will soon ve produced at this house. Woop's Mixstrets,—The burlesque of “The Mummy’ and a great varie'y of songs and dances constitute the programme for to-night Tne house will be tull, as usual, to see George as Ginger Blue. CKLey’s SERENAvERS tenders number of their finest sorgs, instrumental solos, and comical cances for this evening, tegether with the famous burletta of ‘Beauty and the Beast.” R, Bishop Buckley in his great part of John Quill. Ay Ernropian Muvarrei AGENT ix TRoUHLE.—<A tall, g004 looking and exceedingly hisrute pereon, giving his ame as Henry R. Warren, was taken into custody yea- terday atternoon, by special ofiicer S. V.R. Brayton, charged by Thos. Metcalie, of Hudson, with stealiog a horee, cutter snd buffalo robes, valued at $125. ‘are ren, a6 Mr. Metcalfe atates, on Saturday came to hia ata- ble and procurea the horse to go, aa he said, to Cox- ackie, and return at 4 o’clock that afternoon, but not returning, Mr. M. went to Coxackie, and not findiag the man or propery: came on tothiscity. Througn the ay- sistance of Mr. Brayton, Warren was found at Siver’s Ho- tel, on Washington street, and arrested. He admitted the transaction as detailed by Mr. Metcalf, but stated, that berg | responsisle for the bills contracted by a troupe of Ethiopian minstrels at Hudson, and they hav- ing no money, he was apxious to leave the city in ad- vance of any of them, and that when he got as far as Coxackie be left the horse, supposing it would be re- turrea to its owner. He then came on to this city. This explagation not being satisfactory, Mr. Warren was rent to jail. We understand that Warren was not the real name of the pervon under arrest, and that he has a wito at Pittsfield, Mase., whom he has basely deserted.— Alltany Register, Jan. 22. Massachusetts Boot and Shoe Business. (From the Newburyport Herald, Jan. 21.) The bco? and shoe buriness we bave often spoken cf x being the great business of this county, and especially of the most prosperous towns, but we were not aware till within a few days, in running over tbe census returns at the Stata House, which before long will be pubiished, hew extensive and important was this branch of man: ufactures. Many parece in the old commercial towos, perhaps even by figures, cannot be convinced of the tacts. As it is a pursuit in which » great number of our citizens are slready interested, and which will constantly increase with ns till it becomes the leading business, we have thought that the following table, giving the number of male and female workers, and the amount of work done in the several towns, would not be uninteresting in fasex county. Males emp. Females. No. of Pairs, Fasex county. .15,1 19,395 21,540,604 $12,180 810 It will be seen from the above, that the census returns more than 25,000 workers upon boots and shoes, man- utacturing over 21,000,000 pairs, at a value exceeding $12,000,060 annually; and as large as that seems, it is not'up to the facts, “The census was taken in summer, oemakers were fishing or farming, who were enumerated as fishermen and farmers. This city would have given nearly « hundred more in January than June, and Marblenead would have made a greater difference, and 60 would hot of the fishing towas, to say nothing of the agricultural, Value. Frmx anv Men ancnony Loss or Live iN CANADA. —A fire broke out in the dwelling house of Mr. Rich- mond, Prince Albert, on Saturday morning, which, we are sorry to record, was attended with « melancholy loss of life. The flamer had enveloped the entire buiiding, before the inmates, who were all in bed, became aware ot the fact, and terror stricken, each on, awakening, rushed from the fury of the flames, with the instinct of self reservation. When it was discovered that one of the Uavghters yet remained in the house, a young man named Foley, who had stopped at Mr. Richmond's that night, dashed through the 3 to rescue the sleeping irl, but, painful to relate, neither came out alive voth faring meta frightful death in the destructive contla- gration. light presented a frightful spectacis to the agonizing sight of the afflicted family, the charred trunks two human beings with the bones protruding through the blacened flesh being the only remains of those woo but @ few hours before enjoyed health and happiness amorg them, without a thought on the fate which awaited them so near. The circumstances are rendered still more distressing by the fact that the young couple who thus met an untimely end were engaged to be married the ensuing week, it is rald.—Whiby (C. W.) Reporter, Jan. 15. ACCIDENT ON THE Taunton AND New Brprorp Ranosd.—As the train trom Taunton and New Bedford, ops the Boston and Providence Railroad, was in the jeinity of the depot in thia city this morning. the engiae was thrown from the track, and the b: car fol- lowed, its trucks having been torn off. ‘The fore part of the first Pesenger car was forced into the end of the beggage carand broken, and several persons {njurad. ‘The person most seriously hurt was Mr. Jesse Hartshorn, of Taunton, an Renee mar of about sixty years. His head was badly bruised. Mr. Mason, of Mason & Daven- fet Taunton Express, had his head badly cut in the ck part, and was obliged toreturn home. Mr. Josepa Gray, of Hatch & Gray's Taunton = had his tong: and mouth cut with the broken £ . Mr. Conductor Ryder had bis leg bruised, All others in the car escaped injury.—Boston ler, Jan, 21. Misstno New Youx Matt..—The Milwaukie Wis- cmsin, of the 16th inst., says that the New York letter mailof the 27hkot December, for that city, had not reached its destination on the 15th inst, The Enitetment Question. TO THK EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Tt has been pretty generally gssumed of late by the newspaper press of this country, upon the supposed suthority of the optaions of Judges Kane and Ingersoll, and Mr. Attorney General Cushing, that {t is uolawful to assist or induce any one to leave the United States for the purpove of enlisting himself in the service of a foreign government; and before Judge Kane’s decuion in Phila- delphia, in the case of the United States va. Heary Hertz, the Attorney General of the United States, in an officia! letter dated Attorney General's office, September 12, 1866, and addressed to Mr. Van Dyke, the District Attor- ney, at Philadelphia, insists that even if the letter of the Jaw had not been violated by the agents of the British government, the spirit of the law had beon evaded. The Presideat’s message also takes the same ground. I propose, with your permission, to inquire what is the true spirit and meaning of this law, which has been 80 differently understood by the agents of the British government on the one hand gand come of thefAmerican euthorities on the other. It will, I presume, be conceded that any person in the United States has a right to go abroad and serve iu any foreign army; also, that it was not until recently under- stood by the public that it was criminal t> advise, in- @uce, persuade, or assist men to go abroad for that purpose. It never cceurred to me, for instance, that the act of Congress passed in the year 1818 (re-enacting the law of June 5, 1794), which provides that no person shall “hire or retain” snotber to go out of the United States, ‘‘with intent to be enlisted,’’ would be construed to mean that I should not be allowed te recommend or assist @ poor unemployed Englishman in New York to go to Canada to enlist in the British army. I supposed that the act was merely designed to prohibit contracts to enlist, or contracts to go abroad with intent to be enlisted—that is to say, to prohibit what is commonly known as “recruiting.” It appeara, however, that I must have been all wrong in this ides, if Judges Kane and Ingersoll, Mr. Attorney Geveral Cushing, and the President have rightly inter- preted the law; and even if they have not, the Attorney General will icsist that my act would be an invasion of the spirit of the law. This appears to me to be & more gratuitous assump. tion, taking for granted what is not {a the slightest de- gree probable, viz., that Congress intended to prohibit any one from aidviving, inducing, perauading or assisting another to go abroad to enliat. The firat question which naturally arises is, if sush had been the intention of Congress, would not appro- priate words have besn used—would not the law have Prohibited such acts iadirect terms, instead of merely prohibiting acts of hiring or retaining? ‘The English statute 59 Geo IL, c. 69, makes it miscemeanor to attempt to got others to Go Kbrond to sorve a forsign prince; but then the sameact prohibits any Englisoman from entering into or agreeing tc enter into the service of a foreign prince or people, Tt is quite clear that Congress did not inteod tu make such 4 law us that for the government ot the people of the United States. Indeed. tae constitutional power of Congress to go so far as that might well be doucted. Nor las any State of tue Union yet deemed it nesessury or proper .o probibit is citizens feom serviog in foreign armies. And no such probibition being in ex- istonce, uo law has been enacted by any of the States, mahiug it ponel to advise or assist citizens to go abroad to enlist, {t is evident, moreover, that such a law would bea rank absurdity, so long as the citizen is allowed to goof his own accord. In the caso of Hertz, tried bofore Juege Kane, in Phila- Gelphia, the instructions alleged to have been given by the Brith Minister to the witness Strobel contained the following “Memoranda for the guidance of those who are to make known to peraons ia the United States, the terms anc conditions upon which recruits will be re- ceived into the Britith army:— 1. The parties who may go to Buffalo, Detroit or Cleve- land for this purpo-e must clearly understand that they must carefully refrain from anything which would con- stitute a violation of the law of tue United states. They must therefore avoid any act which might bear the appearance of recruiting within the juriedic- tion of the United States fur a foreign vervive. or of hir- ing or retuining avybody to leave that jurisdiction with the intent to enlist in the service of a tacciga p wer. (Both these acts are illegal by the act of Congress 1813, sec. 2.] 4. ‘There must be vo collection, embodiment of men or organization whatever attempted within that jucisdic- tien, . No promises or contrac's, written or verbal, on the subject of enlistment must be entered into with any per- son within that jurisdiction. The informstion to be given wil! be simply that, to those cesising to enlist in the Britich acmy, facihties will be afforded for so doing on their crossing the /ine iato British territory, aud the terme offered by the British go- vernment may ve statea as matter of information oniy, and not ax implying any promise or evgagement on the part of those supplying such information, so long at least as they remain within American jurisdiction.”’ This appears to de Mr. Cushing’s authority for the statement in his letter before referred to, that ‘ the go- vernment of Great Britain, with extraordinary inattention tothe grave aspect of its acts, numety, the flagrant vio- lation of our sovereign rights involved in them, bas sup- pornd it sufficient justification of what it has done to reply that it gave instructions to its agents sv to pro ceed as not to infringe our municipal lawa,” and he con tinues: “ But if the Britisy government has by ingenious contrivances succeeded in sbeltering its agenta from con- victicn as malefactors, it bas in wo doing doubled the magnitude of the national wrong inflicted on the United States.”? The Attorney General, assumes in the first place, tnat the acts authorized in the before cited instructions would be evasions of the municipal !a wa of this country; and secondly, that euch acts constitute a violation of “our sovereign rights 43 a nation.” No reasons are given by Mtr. Cushing for either of these propositions, In a recond letter to Mr. Van Dyke, dated ‘Attorney General’s office, 17th Seps., 1855,”” he says:—“'T desire to muke « further ruggestion in regard wo the trial of purtien charged with recruiting soldiers in the United States for the rervice of the British government. It is known that instructions on this subject were given by that government to its officera ia the United tutes. We are told by Lord Clarendon that. those offi- cers had ‘ stringent instructions’ so to proceed aa not w violate the municipal Iaw—that is, to violate its spirit but not its letter. Ir so, the instructions themselves vio- sate the sovercign sights of the United States. But in the meantime every Consul of Great Britsin im the United States is by the avowal of his government subject to the just suspicion of breach of law.” Tam unable t see. and Mr. Cushing does not attempt to show how, “ the sovereign rights of the United S can be violated 4 the giving of information ani ance to persons desiring to enlist in the British aumy, if the giving of that information and assistance be not pro- hibited by the municipal law. Itis worwhy of observation that these letters of Mr, Cushing, whtch were very improperly read by Mr. Van Dyke in open ‘court in Philadelphia, in the care of the United States va. Herts, wore offisious and not properly official. The dniies of the Attorney General are prese:ibed by law, aud 1t is no part of his ‘duty to give opinions or instructions to Dia- trict Attorneys; and many of Mr. Cashing’s predeces- sors bave zefused to give such opinions or tnatrusrions, (Opinions of Attorney Generals, 150.) Mr. Cushing's piincipal object in writing the letters to Mr. Van Dyke evidently waa to bave a fling at the British government and its agents. But even Mr. Cushing appeara to have been outdone by Judge Kare, who is reported to have charged the jury as follows:— “Our people and our ernment have been accused of forgetting the obligations of neutrality, and pushing ourselves torward into the conilicts of f reign nations, end leaving beligerents to fignt out their own quarro!s, For one I confess that I felt surprised, as this case vanced, to learn that during the very time that these acensations were fulminated aguinst the American people by the prevs of England, there was on the pact of eminent British functionaries ‘bere a series of arrango- ments in progress, carefully digested, and comdiniog all rorts of people, under almost all sorts of influences, to evade the laws of the United States by which our country sought to enforce its neutrality; arrangements matured upon a careful inspection of the different sec- tions of our statutes ingeniously to violate their spirit and principle without incurring their penalty, and enlist avd send away soldiers from our neutral shores to fight the battles of those who were incontinently, avd not over courteously, admonishing us to fulfil the duties of neutrality. 4 “1 allude to there circumstances and this train of thought, gentlemen, not because it ia one that should fluence your action aa jurore, bu’ becauso T fee! it my duty to guard vou against ita influendes.’? The Jucge dnilvered thia inflammatory harangue, de- nouncing what be calls the false accnsations of the Bri- tirh press ond the misconduct of Bri ish functionaries, tor vhe mere sake, as he would have us belleve, of sooth: ing the minds of the jury! Faugh! Ibe Juége told the jury that it was not lawfal for a persen to engage another here to go to Halifax for the porpene of enlisting. He did not instruct the jury that It was lawrul to aasist, induoe and persuade another to go to Halifax for that purpose; and coubtless the jury supposed that any one who recvived assistance to go to Haiifnx, engaged to go there within the meaning of tte Judge's charge, It js obwervable that in thia case ot Herts the witness. e4 tor che prosecution were allowed to state their con- clusions of Jaw and fact, instead of detailing the cireum- stances from which they drew those conelusions. The Gefence does not appear to bave been a real one, and it may be added, that the defendant is at large. When we Jook at the Judge’s charge, the reading of Mr. Cashing’s letters in court,and other features of this anomalons proceeding in the shape of a trial, we may form a pretty sbrewd conjecture as to how and why it was got hy One is not hired, or retained, to go out of tne United States with intent, &o., ifhe does not enter into a con- tract or obligation to do #0. It is necessary for the con- tract or obligation to be made in such a ri that the party could be sued for a breach of it, if it were a legalcontract. There must be an actual pe or re- tainer, not ® mere attempt or offer to hire or retain, that not belpg provided against by the act. Ifthe party re- ceiving assistance to go abroad with intent to enlist can aiter his mind and stay here without viol ting any con- tract or it on his part,|ithere ts no hiring or re- tajner within the mea zing or spirit of the act. Any other construction make it penal to give a men the price of a railroad ticket to enable him to reach the place where he intends to enlist. It may be asserted, without fear of contradiction, that £0 far from the spirit of the act being as roprosentel by Mr. Cushing, not helf a doren votes could have bee. ob- tained in in the year 1704 or the year 1818, or at a since, in eupport of @ bill couched in that ay init Tn the case of the United States vs, Wagner, tried bc- 3 | fore Judge Ingsrscll, ts New York, ths Judge obarged the | | Jury, a6 toltows “Avy resident of the (nied States has a right te go to | Halitex with the invent enlist. Mone person merely informe another that i! be went to Halifax or any foreign country he es be enlisted as a eoldier in the service of . fureign gov-rament, this is no offence against the law of Tongrees.!* ‘Then the Judge ins ructed the jury that if the man nawed Couk, per with Wages that he, Cook, would go beyond the limits of the United’ States to Halifvx “avd enlist, and if the inducement of such agreement ‘was & promise on the part of Wagner that he, C when he should to evlist should recetve $30) a¢vance and shouldalao receive $10 & moxth for his services as a soldier; or ii a part or the whole ot the consideration for such agreement, on the pert of Cook, was the payment of the sage of Cook from New York to Boston, or a promise 0 pay auch passoge, o if the consideration of such agree- | ment, or reason, or motive. which led to it, was other promise of money by Wagner, or any other valua- | ble thitg; and if Covi, when he entered into such agree- | ment, upon apy such consideration, had the intent to go | to Halitix, and there be enlisted or entered as a soldier,’’ | the ofience would be complete. The Judge sdce: “50 that you see that the mere giving | of information is not sufficient—the mere atarting to go is not sufficient; there muat be some inducement such as T have stated to you.’ Upen this ci it isnot probable that any of the jury understood the law to be, that not only might formation be lawfully given, as suggested in the Judge's | charge, but that sny pne may law'ully advise and susist, or induce, snother to £ and enlist in the service of a foreign government. The Judge does not instruct the jury that one may assist or inquce another to enlist, and yet’ that he, by 60 doing, cannot be accused of hiring or retaining hin to do so.’ But the Judge repeats to the Jury that the mere giving of information is no offence, from which they could but conclude that any ast beyond that would be uolawtul. To hue is “to engs wages. to jure,’ & man in temporary service for Jobnson’s Vict.). To retein is “to keep in pay {Ib.), To constitute a hiring or retainer, there muat be a promise to render servicea in consideration of something to be paid or done by rome other person. As to what constitutes 9 contract, see Comyn on Con- tracts, vol. 1, p. 1; Chitty on Contracts, p. 3. ‘The act of ets ié 8 pensi one, and shor strictly con- rudd atrued; but if construed ever so loosely, it could not be made to mesn that persueding @ man fo enlist is hiring him to do #0, nor that the act of assisting a man 10 go | abroad is a re‘ainer of him for that purpose. It will be observed that the Jucge avsames that what could only have been a representation by Wagner as to the bounty to be paid by the British government to a soldier snd his pay, might be treated by the jury a3 a promie on the part of Wagaer that sush bounty should be paid and such pay allowed. This serves to show how loorve are the Judge’s ideas as to what constitutes.a con- tract of hiring. ‘The jury, as might be expscted from the unpopularity of the cause of the allies in the cityot New York, readfly adopted the Judge's views, and in the exercise of their pow- er to decide upon conflicting testimony, preferred the evi- dence of the single witness for the prosecution to that of three respectable witnesses for the defendant, although the Jormer wes, by his own account, a participant in | the alleged violation of the Jaw, and there was no cor- | roboration of his testimony. President Pierce's recent meszage lsys do yn the unde- viable propositicn that no government can be permitted to levy or rafse troops in the United Staves, and that the | attempt to do it would be anu antable attack on the nations! sovereignty. In this he is fully supported by Vattel, B. 3. eb. 2 4/16. i He goes on to sey that whon the British Parliament | pasted an act to provide for tue enlistment of foreigners in the military cervioe of Great Britain, it wns not wati- cipated ‘that the British government’ proposed to ut- tempt recruitment in the United Staees, nor did it ever a intimation of euch intention to this goverument. iL was matter of surprise, (herefore, to flud subsequently that the eugagemert of persons within the United States to proceed to Halifax, in the British proviace of Nova Scotia, and there en ist in the service of Great Britain, war going on extensively, with little or no disguise.” The Piesident says that suitable representations on the sunj-ct were addressed 10 the British government, “Thereupon it became known, hy the admission of the British government itself, that the attempt to oraw re- cruits from this country ocigtnsted with it, or at least bad its approva’ and sanction; but it slso appeared Liat the public ogente engaged in it had ‘stiingent instrac- tions’ not to vioiate the municipal law of the United States.’? “It is difficult to understand how it should hava been supposed that troops could have been raised here by Great Britain without violation of the muricipal law. The unmistakable object of the law was to every such act, which; if performed, must be either in violation of the !aw or u studied evasion of it, either alternative the sct done would be alike injurious to the acvereign'y of the United states.’” In tho paseage just quoted. ihe i'resident ia speaking of the adwuission of the British government that ean at- tempt had peen made “to draw recruits from: this country,’ by causing agents to give information to per- sons likely to go 10 Halifax with intent to eulist, and the | President very unfairly and illogicaily us itappears to | me, treats thi an admission thet Great Britein bad attempted to troops here in the Uaited States, What be says about ‘the unnmrstakeable object of the law” ig a mere truism. Now. if the ojectot the law | really was to prevent American citizens from enteriog | into foreign service, why dees not tho President say so? If that Lad been the wten'you of Congre-s, then, iadeed, it might well have been raid that sny attempt to per- suade or induce Ameiican citizens to enter a foreign ser- Yice would be a violation of the spirit of the law, although it dcee not in terms prohibit auch attempte. But the undenisble fact is, tpatany American citizen or resident of the Umited States has a right to go abroad ond enlet himself as a soldier ina foreign service. And it is an irresistIblo conclusion that it is allowable to pre- sent tothe public the reasons which may be calculated toinfluence them in making up their minds ou the ques- tion whether they wil assist fither of the belligerente. ‘This {san important r’ght whieh «be citizens of a repub- Ve should not retinquish or allow to be impaired. The subjects of a mens'ch msy be allowed no option in such matters; but it is otherwise with the republican. Itis true that all acts should be prohisited by law which might be complained of by either ot the belligerent! a4 breaches of neutrality, but no one will pretend to say that either of the belligerenté bas the right. according to the law of nations, to require the government of this country to | prohibit its citizens or persona resideat here from going Abroad for the purpose cf assisting the enemy. [hia would be more than the utmost exercise of godd faith towards either party could require. (see Vatte! B. 3, eb 7. Ifthe rpment of the United States were to permit expeditions to be fitted cut in this country to assist a pation at war with arcther, (this country being at peace with both,) there would be « breach of the nentzali:y | which the Jaw of vations reqvires ic be faithfully ob- served. (See Wheaton’s Law of Nations, part 4, ch. 3, 4. 16, 17 sels, bowever, may be fitted out in the ports of the United States for the purpose of convey ice military stores to either of the belligereuts, “It is not considered as duty imposed upon a nation, by a state of neutrality, to prevent its seamen from emplying themselves fn contri band trade.” (Opinion of Atte:ney General Lee, De 10, 1765.) (House Doe. No. 128, 26th Congress, 24 Sex- sion.) ‘The great fallacy in the President's mossage lies in the axeumpticn that’ the agent of the Briti-h government vould not lawfu!ly give apy Information to residents of thix country calculated to induce them to go abroad and enlist themeelves—that if tte Briuish government should succeed in getting any recruits in that way, there toust be a viola ton of the law, either of lus letter or its spiiit. The President reads the Jaw just as it it were in the terms cf the Eng.ish act of Parliament, and as if no cifference existed between the rights of a British subjest and those of & citizen of this republic. With ail due submistion, it appears plain to my wind | that individuals in this country have a pariect. right to render material aid and assistance to any ration at war with another, or to any people struggling for indepen. dence, Not only may articles be published in the news. | papers, calcula ed to nereuade or induce those who sym. | pathi+¢ with one of the beiligerents to go to his assist. ance, but snbseriptions may “e collectea to defray their expenres; articies contraband of war may, nt the risk of the individuals, be sent; Joans may be negotiated, and every thing short of the acts which the laws of Congreas now prohibit within the jurisdiction of the United States, my be done without affording amy just cause of com: plain to a foreign nation. When Congress, in 1704, passed the act prohibiting the hiring of men in the United States to enlist in foreign armies, or the hiring of them to go abroad for that pur- ne, the law of Rogland provided (9 Geo., 2c. 30 forced: 4 Stat. 29 Geo. 2 c. *) that if any sul Great Britein should enlist himself, or if any person sbould proeure bim to be enlisted, in any foreign service, or should detain er embark bim for that purpose, without the Kin 'e ticenre, he should suffer death. (4 Black. om. 102. Congrers declined imitating this legislation (which has since been greatly modified in England by the act 60 Geo. Be, C9). itish subject was not allowed to go abroad to The serve another government, becaure he was the property of his euvereign; but the’ citizen of the Unites States owns himeelf, ana has a right to go where he pleases, and Congress only desired to prevent such acts within the | jurisdiction of the United States as might be complained | ‘of by avy belligerent as involving a breach of neutrality. T do not believe that the framers of the act of Congress ever intended to prevent any man, or number of men, | from furnishing money or other assistance to parties ce. | sirous of going abroad to ey in military expeditions, | previced they are not carried on from the territory or juriedietion of the United States. The parties supplying ‘the funds may reasonably expect that those who receive the money or other arsistance will carry out their ex. preered intentions; but there is no viclation of the law it it be left entirely to them to determine whether af er- wards they will go or not. But, however thia may be, it in quite clear that the admission of the British govern. ment as to the instructions given na above to its agents, does not warrant the President’s lusion, it beirg evi- dent that the trve intention of Congress was met ely to prevent ‘‘recrutting”’ within the United States, ana that there waa xodesign or intention to prohibit citizens or residenta from going abroad for the purpore of enlisting 1m any foreign ser’ and consequently no intention to make criminal the of assisting them in the exercise of their undoubted right to leave thia country for that purpore. ANGLO-AMERICAN, Larger Fire tx Camprinarrort, Mass—A de- ote eng cee the fag of Messrs. Meaghan 5 idgeport, tnis forenoon, The fur- Biture tock of Jas. G. Blake, oo composed of manufactured and upmanutactured articles, was also total! meta ha insured. Messrs. Davenport lager Re fn teanaes the he og & amou car axles, wheels car one the a 8 stages of tion, They eatimat pe hy area, car were Gameged by the fi and the principal bi on Main ‘street encaped ini Though the end connected with the burnt ture was flooded by water. The stock of James G. Pe be destroyed, howd ® Jarge one, and its destruction will atop; for period, their menufacturing in They employ us from 60 te 75 meu,—Boron r the ner where so much freedom has been toute ct spit | boundary bi nw | ed by the most eminent statesman of his pty fe | spoke of the m Message of tne Governor of Minnesota Tec™ ritery. Governor W. A. Gorman sent his ansual message te the Territorial Legislature of Minnesota, on the 9th inst, ‘The moesage reviews the unternal affairs of the Terri- tory at great length, and contains some wholeseme auggeetions, On federal affairs, the Governor like a sensible politician. Hear him:— No portion of the habitable globe has ever before ed » government where so much power has been it 5 s ‘tizema; none where mankind has enjoyed so’ ious liberty; none that has ever ro much lotiam. and none, perhaps, that re- goires tha of so much toleration forbearance toward our fellow mem. ‘The excitement on the subject of slavery, is perhaps Dlltoal partion by geographical lines was, soos, fit pitics! wes Keared by Washing Sop flag bagh hace pi gid ¢ republic, exercising minds of eur wisert and Dest chs - has given rise to new sources of agitation and slerm. ‘The act of Congress, passed the sixth of Ma ing the parallel of 36 deg. 30 mim. north let line to govern this vexed question, neatly civil and id i i 50m, 88 ‘a barrel thrown out to the whale by the party,” to ultimate in the dissolution of oy Union. and ; it wou.d seem toat this language, uttered somewhat im the apirit ot prophecy, is to bec me the truth of history, uplese the prudent and conservative counsels of atates. men of enlarged and national views shall soon prevail. If the experiment of man’s capacity to govern. himselt, 4s ina.gurated by Jefferson, shall be permitted to sue” ceed, al] limits of latitude restricting the people to « fixed line on apy particular subject must be abolished amd never again estabiished, until the world ack: the experiment in Americs as a failure. The o1 tion of Tezzitorial governments in Kansas and Nebraska was & fit and appropriate occasion to remove all obstacles the way of the people governing themselves ia their own manner. If the American people are capable et forming their own domestic institutions south of % deg. 60 min. north latituée, it is to me incomprehensible why they are not equaily capable of doiug so north of that line; and to ceny this poxiticn presupposes less mental, moral or physical capusity north of 36 deg. 8 nis. north latituce than there is south of it. It haa, therefore, been wisely ordered by Congross that this ques- tion of slavery sball forever hereafter be left to the peo- ple of the Stace# and Territories to dispose as may decide best; and although any privilege of the citizens, wi either civic or religious, m; abused, yet this is very fer from proving that it thould be enti: taken from Skool cos tea aloe geographical line and permitted om the other. It is to be hoped that our experience of the past, and the threatening danger of the present, will mo- derate the funatical spirit of the times, and leave the question cf slavery to the people, to whom it properly be- longe, it man is capatie ot rell-covernment, lt is a source of satisfaction to witness the steady pro- ress of all the elements necessary to develope the nume- Tous Lesources ot our Territory ano elevate our moral, #e- cial aod political covdition.” While most of our neigh- boring Territories are being convulsed with Indian ware and interns! political strife, almort verging upon civii war, we are calmiy moving forward to the accomplish- ment of & high destiny, by jaithfully observiag the laws four country, and resting our bopes upon the virtue end moceration of the people, with a firm reliarce upam their capacity for self governiment. As citizens of a cowmon country, we have observed with deep interest the strict adherence of our nacional udm‘nistration to the principles of the constitution ef the United States, and their maintenance of a atriot xeulrality toward the present belligerent powers of Bu- rope. Not only have they intuined pence at hor ond with all the civilized worl4, but they have infused 1m\o the sdwwinistration of the various departaents ot the gcvernment th highest revard for integri'y and fidelity. lt will be very gratifying to me to consur and ao- operate with you in ali weasures wnich you may devise for promoting the prosperity of our Territory. I trust your deliberations may be characterized by me- eration; that each may look upoa mere ditference of opinion ia poritical questions with a liberal spirit, aad that each of your legislative acts may be « triamph ef principle, and right, and justice over passion aad pre- judice, ‘There ts Danger of Wort NOT WITH TRE POWERS OF EUROPE, BUT AMONG OUR- SELVES—GOVERNOR WISE, OF VIRGINIA, ON OUR FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS—“MOLTUM IN PARVO"'—READ! READ! (From the Richmond (Vu.) Eequirer, of Monday lastg SUPPER GIVEN TO JUDGE BUTURK, OF SOUTH CAROLINA. Having been present at the aupper given at the Ex- change Hotel, oa Tuesday aight last, in honor of Judge A.P. Butler, of Houth Carolina, I drew a rough sketoh of some of the speeches made on the occasion, which, i you think worthy, pudlish—if not, throw it im tne fire, A sentiment complimentary to Soutn Carvlins ead Serator Butler having been announces— Judge BoTLeR rose snd addressed the meeting in « very telicitous s‘rain for about half an hour, duriag which he waa frequently interrupted by rapturous ap- plause. He stated he Wasa South Carolinian by bictla tad education, but that his parents were Virginians; that his earliest affections, next to his native State, were fixed upon Virginia, and that he venerated her name and the character of her peopie. He regarded the honoc paid him on this occasion more to his State than him- selt; and af‘er pursuing this strain of remarks for some time be referred to the organization of the fede- tel government, and urged, with much force, that the great error of its organization was that for the pro- Lngation cf the slave trade for twenty years, the com- mercial policy of the country had been imparted to the majority, and its exercise bad been extremely prejudi- cial to the South, He eaid South Carolina and were involved m vhe responsibility. He advected to the present eystem of taxation, and said that po free govern- tment could exist lopg under such asystem. He thea of the threatening uspect of our puolic affairs, and jals that awaited us—triala that would test -he streng:h of the federal Union. He said be might not live to encounter them, but that there were those present who would. His views of the constitutional powers of the federal and State governments were strictly in accord- ance with the State rights schools. Atter some very deli- cate end feeling remarks, personal to himself and the name he bore, the venerable Senator closed, wita an ap- propria\e sentiment. Governor Wise then arose, and in @ strain of eloquence and yower peculiar to himself enchained the atvea- tion of the audience for about three quarters of aa hour, eliciting, ax he progressed, snouts of warm applause, He alu with ceip feeling, reofound respect ard high admiration in which be held hee eae and sce of South Carolina their exalted virtues, their buraing eloquence, their lofty snd uncompromising honor, cod thats ane? guished chivalry. He was proad to sec Vi ginia take South Carolins by the hand. In ailusion to the senti- ment which hen of him as the Marebal of the advanced guerd of Virgit ia, he said, measuring his words with pe- culiar empbaris, “It I em the Marshal, where is the ed- vanced guard: It did not exist upon the stavuve book—- there was no orgauized militia ot Virgioia.” He them ial of which the Virgial tia wae mace, and wher was to be found; it was eaat of the mountains, in the Great Valley, andin the trans-Alle- ghavy country, where he bad seen it in ail its pride and strength during his late Gubernatorial campaign. suid be had the power under the constitution to “imbody’? the mili.ia, and if the emergency required it, be would exercise thet power, The Governor theo adverted to the toregn relations of the country, and said there wae no durger of a foreign war. The “Sound Dues,” be said, was ® humbug, and the Nicaragua question would not result in war, if our government acted firmly. He apprehended ‘no danger of Louis Napo- jeon’s stimulating Great Britain to war with the Unit- ed States, ond be woul give her no material aid if war did ensue, He thev, in a most serious manner, stated | that there was danger of war. not foreign, but at home. He then adverted to the aspect of our public affairs, and the relations between the Northern and Southern States, the repeated aggressions ot the North npon the South, upder the most aggravating circumsiances, tae Lage ef hostihty growing up between the two sections, that unless these aggressions ceased, and a better feeling of fraternity was restored, the result rauat be disunion ena civil war. He showed most conclusively that the North was responsible for this state of things. He dwelt with great feclirg and effect upon the advantages of the Unicn, its future power, grandeur and glory, u adminis. tered upon the principles of the constitution. He of the high place wbich the name of Butler occupied on cur historic page, invoked the Legisla:ure, many of the members of which were present, to place the State in « condition of defence, and concluded with the expression of his great and anxious solicitude for the wealth, power and prcaperity of the commonwealth. Lieut. Governor McComas next addressed the mecting in 4 brief but eloquent strain. He expressed it re- gard apd veneration for the Union, his folieitude for ite perpetuity, ard how much he would bear rather than rnpture it; but if the North persisted in ita and accomplished its purpores in relation to +lavery, be was ready for that last decisive step—the rupture of’ the Unies. Mr, MeComas’ manner is fine, and ex- uw i, melodious, * Ex- Lieut. Gov. LRaxk was then called out, and after An apo ogy for the few reiarks he should make, la) urcer a severe cold, be ess ie high Soca Sout! rolina statesmerr; a eulogium a \Le talents, stateemanship and anew the lamented Calhoun, and congratulated the country om the cordiality of feeling and accordance cf political opinions between Virginia and Sou'h Curolina, of which the honor paid ther distinguished guest was an unequivocal demoa- strance. He then expressed hfs purpose of standing by the democratic pay in its conflict with abolitionsm, and avowed if the Union exisced, it must be according to the constitution and its true spirit. Mr. Leake con- cluded with a sentiment to the memory of the lamented Calhoun. He was hoarse, and we could not dia- tinetly hear all he satd. The Hon. Jawes Gartaxp, of Lynchburg, an invited guest, being cailed for, rore and ‘the mectin: at conmoerable length and with great ability. He ex- pressed his warm attachment to the grea: principles of the democratic party, and his determination togive them bis hearty and cord hie Ho sald he had served in publie life with South Carolina’s great statesmen, and Le regarded them as men of great intellect, undoubted patriotiam and great purity of characte. He then ra- Pidly, Gincaszet a, cones tational, rlasions of slavery, and denied the ri of Congress te wy subject, either in the Staten or Territories, He Gadorsed the Nebraska Kansas bill as containing the true yee plee of our government, and he was opposed to far- ther compromises upon the subject of slavery. He would regard the reinstatement of the Missouri compre- mise, the repeal ot the Nebrasks-Kanras bill, the probt- bition of slavery in the Terr of e State beenuse i¢ bad no prohibitory ¢ in ite consti tution, the abolition of ala ¢ Distriet of Colum- bia, ot the probibition of the trade between the Btates, a8 & dissolution of the Union. The Mayor ‘at considerable length and with t power force, and we that Shieh we have ready Setonded thts coy eelaees the possifility of a more cot hi A proclamation haa been iaeued peobiblting the expor- taileh of ehomleal ned ta the. masutuchure of wiltory projectiles, from Canada to foreign eountelen.