The New York Herald Newspaper, January 17, 1856, Page 6

6 ‘WEASAGE OF THE GOVERNOR OF NRW YORK. ‘To tam Sunars aNp ASSEMRLY:— aLow Crrmuxs—In the discharge of the duty imposed oa mo by the constitution, I submit an aecount of the financial condition of the State, its various institutions pte, Somer with such remarks, suggestions as seem to me and ap- propriate for your a. eae of 61, wb, 9 thst existing atthe close ofthe fiscal year, 38 and is an actual in semenaie Fund on the 30th ay concerning Suggestions in relation to their administration. CANALS. The receipts of the State canals from tolls, rent of sur- ius waters, and interest pn current canal revenues during the past fissal year, amounted to $2,639,792 12, and the aggregate expenditures for collection, superin- tendence and repairs amoun’ed to the sum of $989,792 12, leaving « surplus revenue of $1,650,000, sufficient to meet ‘the requisitions of the constitution for the eaual debt sink- ing fund of $1,200,000, and the general fund debt sinking fund of $350,000, but not suificiens to meot any part of the requirements of the constitution for the inte- vest om the late loans for the enlargement and sppropria- tiom towards a sinking fund for the extinguishment of the principal of such loans. In anticipation of this de- ficiency, provision was made for suca appropriations, or at least portion ct them, out of the tax to be col- lected during the curreat fiscal year. I deemed it my duty at the last session of the Legislature to call its attention, by special message, to the diminished revenues of the canals, and their insufficiency to meet the constitutional charges upon them. To the recommendations and suggestions of that message J bave little te add. The causes which at that time had led to largely diminished receipts in the canal revenues, continued to operate with full force during the greater partef the remainder of that fiscal year. Some of these causes, such as the great scarcity of produce in the West, were of a temporary character. Abundant harvests and increased productions in the ‘Woat secking an Eastern marke, have already happily influenced the receipts of the current fiscal year, and promise largely to augment its resources. The canal tolls ter the navigable season of 1855 amounted to the sum of peed being about $31,000 increase on the amount re- i yr the tour months ending with the month of November, 1855, the excess of canal tolls over thoze of the cerresponding months of 1854 was $186,077 80. It 1s net probable, huwever, that the increased revenues of the current fiscal year will be sufficient to meet the con- stitutional charges upon them, increased as they have been during the present fiscal year by the additional ap- Prepriation of $400,000 required by the constitution to be ing fund for the extinguish- tution, tor the enlargement and completion of the canals. it will remain for you to provide the means to meet such deficiency. It may be proper to add that the embarrass- ment im relation to the deficiency in the revenues of the canaia does mot arise from apy inability on the part of the canals ol Ary debi created for their construction, but frem the ited period allowed them to do #o by the onstitution. ‘The constitution Hmits State loans to eighteen years, and has made appropriations out of the revenues upon ‘that basis only. This limitation is altogether too small, aad creates an annual charge upon the revenues, beyont 2 the ‘ofthe canals to mest. It sppears to me that on of the time for the ultimate payment of the anda diminution of the annual charges to corres- with such extension, would tly relieve the reve- nues of the canals, lessen the and direct taxes ‘upon the and the debts incurred in 4a amendment of the constitution te accomplish such a HUE hae i fate Canal Board bas Cast, ature, cise The work of enlarging snd completing the canals i e com) canals is SS idity as practicable in view a earns canant oe 2A tions. The work ber} there is great fos revalsti ae the oe ws cause for 4 ion at TOs~ economical completion. rgemen| ‘as required by law and the spirit of the constitution, to sccumulate for final appropriation to- wards the completion of the enlargement, and to eapply, in part at leaet, any deficiency that may exist after the expeadtture of the loans provided for in the late ameni- ment of the constituiion. in the month of June a loam for $1,500,000 was issued for the redemption of the canal revenue certificates, and takem at a premium of $259,405. Since the close of the last, and during the present fiseal year, a further en- +t loan of $1,250,000 has been issued, at a pre- mium of $204 511 50. A loon of $4,500,000, issnea upon the credit of the Sieking Food, to pay $4,000,000 of State stock falling due on the Ist of January, 1856, and to meet deficien- cies in the Sinking Fund, under article seven of the con- stitution, has been recently made, at only five per cent interest, considerable premiura realized thereon. facitity with which the preceding loans have been maie, and the large premiums recetved, show not only thet the credit of the Siateis unimpaired, but that the prospect of the early completion of the canals has great vy ateengthened it. For details in relation to the fimances of the canals, the amount of work contracted thereon and their present condition, you ate particular- iy referred to the several reports of th o€ the Canal Fund, of the Auditor of the Canal Depart- ment, of the State Engineer and Surveyor, and of the Canal Commissioners, which will be submitted at an enriy day. Fe RAILROADS. There are now in active operation in this State 3,216 miles of railroads, including double tracks. The whole amount expended in their construction and sonipaeet exceeds one hundred and twenty-five millions of dollars. There have been transported on the several railroads in the State, during the past year, 33,839,164 passengers and 5,417,207 tons of freight, The total cost of eperating ‘these roads was $11,310,071 81, and their gross earnings amounted to $20,843,385 73. The large amount of capital invested in these corpora- ‘tiona, the immense number of passengers conveyed, and the magnitude of the interests inv: early excited the pe Birr regulating ol bepeee cans necessity of ws at 5 a ‘of these great thoroughfares of the became a matter of serious consideration. therefore, at its last session enacted » ' Board of Railroad Commissioners, and de- whet ‘and duties. ‘This board is composed of oan person agpotaind by the Governor and Beaate, one elected by the directors ialetee' sod Caryayen whet porations, and the State and Surveyor, who ix elseted by ‘The board thus appoated insures ae ste Like the Bencing Department, ta i the State. e ment 8 _ x by the different sorporations'it ts and does not impose any burthens betere Moxtalning fall etails of the Vusinocs of 3 6 of ae much valuable information. [ consideration to the recommen- will submit as their im- i § Ef [ i NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, JANUARY 17, 1856. ge loans’’ to brokers and capitalists, upon stock securities. This abstraction of banking facilities from commerce and manufactures drives the merchant and mechanic into ‘the street,"’ where they are compelled to pay from one to two per eent a month for money, which the {favored borrower obtains ‘on eall,”’ at the rate of six per cent per annum. It is that a law restraining banks om making loans on the hypothecation of stocks be- yonda reasonable ver centage of their capital, would, by compelling these institutions to resume their legitr mate functions. place banking facilities within the reach of the industrial and producing classes, and thereby pro- mote the general welfare. SCHOOLS, The amount of school moneys appertioned by the Su- perintendent of Public Instruction for the current year, is $1,110,000, of which $800,000 is derived from a gene- ral tax, $165,000 from the income of the United States Deposit Fund, and $145,000 from the income of the Com- mon School Fund. ‘The amount reported as having been expended for the payment of teachers’ wages for the year 1854, was $2,301,- 411 25; for libraries, $55,216 31; for school house sites, schoo] houses and fuel, £863,990 53—total, $3,220,618 08. ‘The amounts of money raised by tax in’ those districts where free schools are maintained, and the amounts raised by rate bill, are not separately stated, but it is cer- tain that the former considerably preponderate The number of school districts reported is 11,748. The number of children of suitable age to draw public money is 1,298,987. There have been 900,582 in attendance upon the district schools; in academies under the super- vision of the regents of the university, 38,734; in solored sehools, 5,243; and 58,764 in unincorporated private schools; in all.’ 998,278; leaving 225,854 not in atteadance at any place of instruction, if we except the students in the several colleges. The non-attendavce may therefore he set down at one- fifth. It is likely, however, that if the age of six was substituted for four years, as the minimum period, this proportion would be greatly reduced. ‘The number of volumes in the district libraries is re- ported at 1,105,870. The number ot schoolhouses is 11,028, of which 9,356 are framed buildings, 715 of brick, 676 of stone and S81 of logs. ‘Detects in our public school policy, and the legislation necessary to remedy them, will demand your earnest attention. A modification that shall secure greater enconomy of the public treasure, and an extension ot the system to all the children of the State, seems to me ob- viously necessary. Particular attention should be di- rected to the acudemies, now deriving a revenue from the Literature Fund. I would suggest that » Board of Com- missioners be appointed to visit them, examine their mapagement, ascertain to what exten! they have com- — with the regulations prescribed by the Board of Regents, and report the results of the investigation to the Legislature ai its next session. I cannot regard our school system as complete, until it shall extend free academicai ‘instruction to every child, residing in the State, desirous of its benefits. ‘This can be done by placing all the schools in each town under the control of a Board of Education, charged with the duty of general superintendence, of selecting suitable text and library books, supplying roper appa- ratus, grading the schools, and establishing in each town acudemital departments or high schools whenever a ma- jority of the inhabitants shall deem it proper; or the ‘Boards of Education in adjacent towns may combine te secure this result, where the territory is limited, and the means of a single town are inadequate to the purpose. This policy would remove the objection which is now urged, that the masses have no direct interest in the welfare of institutions imparting academical instruction. ‘The benefit of such instructicn would be offered to all the a jon sul of sy sion, I repeat the suggestions made in my ee ee ‘The ex- is method does mot answer the purposes for which it was ‘The system of supervision established some fifteen years since, and which caused dissatisfaction in many localities, has been so modified as te render it erless to attain ite end. In 1847 the Legislature aboli: ed the office of County Superintendent at the stance of many of the Boards of Supervisors. Of the wisdom of that step there are various opis- ions. It wor however, be at to attempt sarerival arighe renenr ee ne Mike abolition of the office of Town Superintendent, and the creation in its atead of Boards of gai ent not would command the iadled a asi , and secure more satisfactory rest in general supervision be requir ann ‘to the Supervisors of repent e) sand also to the Da ment of Pub- lic Instruction, the number and condi of the schools, the number of children resi in the towns, the num- ber actually attending school, the salaries of the teach- ers and expenses incurred in the support of ‘The present system of making annual reporta seems to be very objectionable. The abstracts furnished for years past to the State Dey t of Public Instruction by the clerks of the several counties have been incomplete and unreliable. The labor oe making these reports, which is imposed u| nty Cler! reign to the regular duties of bia office, and ts ofted: pertormed in «manner that indicates great want of interest in it. Under such circumstances it is not possible for the State eg tendent to have correct statistics for the use of the lature. As an evidence of the inacsuracy of this infor- mation, I will state that the number of school houses in the State returned to the Department of Public Instruc- tion greatly exceeds the number in the Census returns in the office of the Secretary of State; and yet these incor. rect returna form the basis upon which the apportion- ment is made of a third of the public moneys. i would recommend that all payments from the School Fund, the United States Deposit Fund, the Literature Fund, and the annual State tax for School purposes, amounting {n all to about $1,100,000, be placed under the control of Commissioners, to be called Commission- ers of the School Funds, and to be composed of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Comn- troller, and the ‘Treasurer—that it be made sub- ject in all cases to their order, to be paid only on ‘draft by the Supervisors or the Regents of the University, with the proper vouchers. This would invure greater safety in the custody and employment of those moneys. Such a modification of the iaw, therefore, as would place the disbursement of the Schoo! funds in the Boards of pervisors, who are the proper custodians of the interests = people in the towne, seems to me peculiarly desi- rable IT would also suggest the expediency of making the schools of the State entirely free. Twice, when this quos- tion has been submitted to the people, their verdict hus been rendered by a large maj-rity in favor of it. ‘There is evidently a growing repugnance to the rate bill system, and itis now time that the subject of its final abolition was fully discussed. The imposition of an additional tax for the maintenance of public schools for a given time, not lers than eight months, to be assessed upon the several towns in conformity with the recom- mendation of their respective Boards of FAucstion, would supply all the means ice for schools duri each year. If instead of school districts as now organi: it should be left discretionary with the educatio officers of each town to estab’sh schools whenever ne- cessary in different localities in the town, it would be far ensier to disburse the school moneys equitably then un- der the present arrangement, where districts are formed of different sizes, and with no general regulation as to population or available resources. Kgl oe has been adopted in several States with decided . The interminable controwersies between school districts, the adjudication ef whish occupies so large a pegs of the attention of the State Superintendent, and which seem every year to become more numerous, more bitter and more mischievous, would be obviated. |A more equi- table division of the school moneys, greater economy in their application, and the convenience of the public would be effected. It mil devolve upon you to consider whether some changes im the instructional arrangements in the State Normal School may net be required. The introduction ofa it to impart a knowledge of the principles of agriculture would do much towards mecting thede- mand for instruction in that art, which is the basis of all wealth and national grectness. Every consideration of policy and economy requires that agriculture should be taught in our public schcels. The establishment of a professorship of agriculture ia the Normal Sshool seems to me advisable, Its propriety is commended to your ne has na jee Ttmay necessary inquire whether the objects contemplated in founding that institution are fully car- ried ont in its educationaleourse, and particularly whe- ther the pupils instructed are act emp! as eachers. The number o3 graduates exceeds hun- dred; and the Legislaturo it to be informed how many of these are still engaged in that profession. It has been uggested that the expensiveness of living in a city deters many worthy young persons from entering the school; and that its to some other locality where that difficulty will be obviated, would tend te secure the destowment of the bounty of the State to its legitimate purposes. In Massachusetts, where several normal schools are established and sustained by legisistive ap. propriations, care has been taken to locate them at places are not too expensive for the ‘hether any change in this re- eee ot mee 8 ORE I submit to your con- vinder falls much T commend below the require- this institution to TATE PRISONS AND JAtT, Coneiterable improvement bas been e in the man agement of the State prisoms duriog tho pas! gear, Lue number of convicts at the close of the compared with its , shows 9 decrease of ty-nine, of November, 1865 wos 1,905, Yin At Slag” Stag, 207 vember, was 1, % ; ‘Auburn, 687; Clinton 81." speuil ‘The total expenditures ot the three prisons forthe year ending November 30, 1865, amount to $238,313 24. “Tae coraings Sx tho mane period sng to $198,280 29, The expenditures have decreased the ings bave increased $11,959 01, By the act of 1847 in jails were under the ut & subsequent act relieved them of this duty, and the jails are now subject to no uniform system of ma: ment or inspection. It is alleged that much of the cipline of our State prisons is made necessary by the evil habits acquired by the convicts while awaiting trial j I commend the subject to your net ‘The experience of the past year has deepened my con- viction of the necessity of some legal provision that shell relieve the Exeoutive of # portion of the burden now de- volved upon him by the examination of appeals for par- don or commutation of punishment. These appeals have multiplied to an embarrassing extent; and their proper examination, with the facts requisite to an understand. ing of their merits, and the correspondence and personal interviews incident to each case, eugroes almost the en- tire time and attention of the Executive. I therefore re- peat the suggestion contained in ae former an- nual message, that greater discretionary power in the graduation of penalties be gtven to judges; thu securing a mcre equitable administration of Justice than can be obtained under the present arbitrary restrictions. Not a few ofthe appeals now made to executive clemency are predicated upon the disproportion existing between the actual offence and the penalty—a difficulty which would be in » gocd degree remedied by the exercise of that judicial discrimination which I have suggested. Reliet might also be had by the creation, by law, of an officer upon whom, in connection with the Executive, shonid devoive the duty of examining the cases present- ea tor clemency. HOUSES OF REFUGE. ‘The number of boys in the Western House of Refuge at Rochester at the commencement of the last year was 205; the present number is 277. During the summer the num- ber ranged a 270 to 280, The estimated value of their Jabor during the year is about $10,000. The new wing, for the erection of which an appropriation was made ing tbe legislative session of 1854, has been compieted, ed, and is now in use, It'supplies dormitories for 160 boys, in addition to those in the other two wings of the house, a school room, with class rooms acjoining, and additional sb room in the basement. The expense of its erection, it is believed, will be covered by the sppropriation made’ for that purpose. The insti tution now bas accommodations for about 375 boys. Its condition and necessities wili be more fully explained in the reporto the managers, which will be laid before you. It will appear, from that, that an appropriation of about $10,000, to supply the deficiency of former appropria- ticns, to meet carrent expenses, wili be required to re- heve the institution from embarrassment. ‘The House of Kefuge in New York continues to present its usuel eatisfectory results. The institution hes now been for more than a year in the occupation of 1 ew erected for it'on Randall’s Island. The site is a u' and healthful one, and the buildings are well Aacapted to the purpose of their erection. A more thorough system of classification of juvenile offenders Las been at- tempted, but cannot be accomplished until the completion of the buildings designed for the separate accommodation of girls. During the past year the foundation of the house intended for females has been laid, and the building for their industrial cecupations enclosed. The number of inmates of the Refuge, it is estimated, will be five hun- dred and fifty during the winter, About four hundred of both sexes have been received since the first of January last, and three hundred have been inden- tured. The ‘institution, as at present arranged, is pearly full; but the withdrawal of the girls en the completion of the house ern for their ac- commedstion, will afford sdoitional room for at ieast three hundred. It will then be the largest, and, I trust, oneof the best reform schoois in the country. During the thirty years of the existence of this institu tion, about six thousand delinquents have received the benefits of its discipline. At least three-fourths of these, itis belfeved, have been itly rescued from a vi- cious career. No further argument is needed to demon- Strate the value of our houses of refuge, and the wisdom of the policy which established and sustains them. ASTLUMS. It would be unworthy cf a great commonwealth to ne- glect to make adequate provision for the care of its in- sane. New York has heretofore done her duty to hama- bah Be this regard. But her population has increased without an increase of her provision to shelter and sub- aad to discipline and treatment the hein ten One jundred and Pepa ap tions for 0 the Utica Arylum during the year were made in vain. There was mot room to receive them. In order to make for recent -four inmates of the ime were Nearly one thousand in the it count houses of our State. In too many of these the af- icted languish Mame without the chance of a cure. In nearly all of them, ‘treatment is simple imprison- ment. Their helplessness and destructiveness make their confinement, im most cases, more painful than that of criminals, rous and creditable as has been the pro- Pea meer re for her insane, it is manifestly inadequate. J earnestly recommend to you to make pro- vision for the construction of a new asylum. The institution for the instruction of the deaf and dumb deserves your favorable consieration. The pre- sent number of pupils is 289, of whom 218 are beneficia- ries of the State. has Sheri eb Fidos the sale of the property previously acq we been applied to the payment, in part, of the recently purchased premises and’ for the construction of suitable buildings. The directors not able to compiete their improvements, an appropriation was made at the last session of the Legislature, upon the condition that no spplication shoul be made for further assistance. Behe | pedro roved to be inadequate. ‘be directors doubtless be controlled by the restriction which accompanied it, but it is worthy of your serious ocoaideration whether & purely benevo- lent institution, incorporated aud maialy supported by the State, and possessed of valuable property, ia the title of which the State holds control, should remain in an embarrassed condition for want of means to accomplish the charitable object for which it was established. The education of the blind bas become a part of the policy of every civilized State. lis instirution marked an era in the progress of humanity. New York, fora quar- ter of a century, has been foremost in the discharge of her cuty in this respect. The resulta of her labors are of the mort practical and encouraging kind. One hun- dreé and sixty pupils are now tanght in the New York Institution for the Blind. These all receive a sound Eng- lish education, such as 18 acquired in our public schools ond are tretped in yerious mechanical arta, to give them means of support. The more important of these are the menutactare of carpets, mats, mattresses, baskets, band-boxes, plain sewing aud jpisno tuning. The study and practice of music constitute a large part of the course of instruction ‘The graduates of the institute are found in every par: of the State, as mechanics, merchants, musicians, teach- ers and manufacturers. A number havefound a demand for their services in kindxed schools springing up in other States—and a few are retained at the institute, to serve ag teachers. During the past year, the institution has been remark- ably exempt from sickness, and entirely so from mortali- t ry. The Asylum for Idiots has, during the past year, been removed to the xew building erected fcr its use near the city of Syracuse. This baa been completed in general aecordsnce with the plans submitted in the report of the trustees to the las’ Tgislatare, ard is a commodious structure. ‘The number of pupils at present joying its benefite iselghty. Applications for the admission of more are awaiting the action of the trustees, and will be decided 80 soon as the resources of the institution shall justify it. It appears by the returns of the (ate census that a large number of idiots, of a teachable age, are still un- provided with the means of education. A moderate an- nual increace, by the Legislature, of the income of the lum, would enable its trustees to discharge the duties of humanity to these unfortunates, The want of some responsible general eupervison of the various benevolent institutions receiving aid trom the State is seriously felt A. bill (or this purpose was considered at the ‘ast sessiom of the Legislature, but failed to become a law. [commend the subject to your attention, EMIGRATION, The number of emigrants landed at the port of New York during the year just cloved is 186,233. During the year 1854 the number was 319,223. This falling off bas caused acorresponding reduction in the receipts of the Commissioners of Fmigration. While, therefore, the Commissioners were burdened with the support of the sick amd destitute arriving the Fogger year, their diminished revenues during the last season has occa- sicned serious embarrasaments. The | and severity of the winter of 1855, and the high prices paid for all the necemsaries of life, not only increased the number of emi- grants requiring aid, but added iargely to the expenses of the Commissioners. ‘The Commissioners within the past year have entered vigorosly upon a system of economy and retrenchment, TES tosdates of tints various, tnstitations were largely reduced in numbers. The Medical Department was reor- nised, and further improvements are contemplated. e au] general was |, Sad ail super- numaries were discharged, In these efficient reforms, as im their generous devotion to the lal their office, the Commissioners of Emigration earn their only reward—the approbation of their feliow citizens. the indebtedness of the Commissioners, from the causes stated, will probably require Legislative relief. It should be remembered that the money to purchase the land on Ward’s and Randall's islands, to erect thereon ex, ive and noble structures to maintain the inmates, and to re- turn to the counties the sums ex; for the support of om 3, has all been deri from the emigrants themeelves. Since the of the law creating the Roard of Commissioners, our own citizens have been re- lieved trom the burden of supporting sick and desti- tute emigrants, You will, I truat. be prepared to con- sider favorably such application as may be made for the temporary pecuniary relief of the Board of Emigrant Commiseioners. qn emigrotion iv ana) the importence of which we ins'o The stoners com at of ational prosperity. not likely to over-eati rich fa what wy avrst and country would not now rejcice as it does in more canal navigation and more miles of railroad comfort, Heitous to ‘ laws to prevent the States, to obetruct ae for ig omg ay om of ers, ani tox ate ‘migration hither.’’ ats 2: aed In nce of a law of the last ture, the Com- Bh ey designated Castle Garden the Jan ae years, in extortions frauds alike oppressive and unjust to emigrants and dixcreditable to our State, the Commissioners, sustained by the city authorities and the cor are now working out, with eminent success, the cent objects con- templated. The Garden affords ample, commodious and and grateful shelter and protection to the tens of thou- sands of strangers heretofore cast upon the open to be preyed upon by rapacious runners, bookers and others, who were the wore successful by reason ot speak- fi Ae lanes and claiming to be the count fen friends 0: the emigrants. . ‘The different railroad and steamboat companies supply tickets to emigrants, withiathe Garden, at their regular and published rates of fare. Information required either to guide or facilitate their course or promote their inte- resta, is furnished by the Commissioners or their em- ployés. Such as are cisappointed either in mecting inends or remittances, on arrival, find a temporary home in the Garden, or are arsisted to their destination. ‘The favorable location and peculiar advantages of Cast'e Garden have fortunately enabled the Commissioners to perfect their arrangements for the protection of emi- grants, and it is justly regrrded aa a wise and enlarged measure of economy and humanity, QUARANTINE. The prevalence ofa feartul epidemic during the past summer and autumn, in the cities of Portsmouth and Norfolk, in ia, filled the public mind with sadness, and excited serious apprehensions that, in its progress, the scourge might reach ourown commercial emporium, Happily these apprehensions were not realized, yet the opinion has been expressed by eminent medica! authori- ty that, with the approach of another summer, that dis- ease will reappear in more Northern latitudes. Whot- ever value may be attached to this opinion, all will con- ps ‘the importauce of vigilantly guardiag the public ealth. 1f the authorities are not already clothed with powers adequate to this end, ample ones should be conferred. The public health should be subsidiary to xo other in- terest, tor on that all others are ultimately dependant. “The ‘pecuniary loss sustained ina hundred years by quafantine restrictions upon commerce could not equal the ruin and desolations of a single year of pestilence.’’ ‘The expenses imposed upon commerce by a strict en- forcement of our quarantine laws are greatly enhanced by the dilapidated condition of the structures erected by the federal government upon the quarantine grounds. ‘These structures must be thoroughly repaired before they will be suitable for the storage of infected cargoes, while under quarantine. The administration of the re- venue laws of Congress s0.as not to interfere with our quarantine regulations cannot be secured unless these repairs are made. 1 therefore submit to your considera- tion the propriety ofinstructing our Senators, and questing our representatives in Congress, to procure an appropriation tor this purpose. AGRICULTURE, ‘The Legislature of 1853 granted a charter for an agri- cultural college to be connected with an experimental farm. Applications will be made to you to aid the en- dowment of this institution with pear from the public treasury. The great value tog State of intelligent agri- culture and the importance of improving our knowledge and practice of this most dignified art, with the aids of modern science applicable to 1t, induce me to recom- mend you to grant that application, and with liberal measure. The diminution of the cost of raising the food of the people of this State, and the increase of the productive- ness of its farms, are considerations upon which it is not necessary to dwell. Economical farming in New York seems to require governmental aid in making a know- ledge ot chemistry as applied to agriculture, cheaply ac- cessible to all who till the soil. Arbitrary governments in Europe have, by public instructions, popularized this knowledge. Republican New York surely can afford to do go. SALT MANUFACTURE. The salt manufacture at Syracuse during the past year has been prosperous, The number of bushels inspected amounts to six millions, which is an increase of twe hun- dred and fifty thousand bushels over the year 1854. New works are being added at the Salines to meet the increas- ing demand for coarse and fine salt, and it is confi- dently anticipated that the luct of the coming year will reach nearly seven ions of bushels, Tae revenue which arises from the moderate duty of one. cent per bushel on this amount will be amply sufficient to sup- fides extend the works belonging to the State at these Springs. MILITARY. rta of the Adjutant General and G re 1 tif it in the FEEEe fad eneral show a gratifying improvement + ant discipline of the tes ts) militia of the State. The law of 1847 has fully accomplished its objects of securing to the State the services of 8 small but effective milita: force, and relieving the great body of those liable to mi- Ue bie from an indirect which was the more burdensome, because juctive of no useful results. I , with concurrence of the above named Beers, and the Comm! General, the sale of the New of York Arsenal, and the adjacent land to the State. Thia property is situated bet ween the Fifth and Sixth avenues, in the city of New York, and embraces about ‘Ven acres; on wi also is located a powder magazine. They form par: of the new Central park, and the sale will pac! prol be required to enable the citizens of New York bd derive the advantages from the park they are entitled ex) ‘The continuance of the arsenal there, and particularly the powder magazine, will stand in the way of necessary improvements. The hae geeet f General estimates that more than 8 quarter of a million of dollars would be realized from the sale, which sum it is proposed to appro- priate in part to the érection of an armory in the city of lew York; the purchase of the United States arsenal at Rome; the erection of an arsenal at Buffalo, and the improvement of the one at Albany; leaving, ater such expenditure, about one hundred thousand dollars to be paid into the treasury. ‘the arms in ponte. of the First division will’always be amply sufficient for the ordinary use and defence of the city of New York, and the location of the balance of the State arms at Albany, Rome and Buffalo, will lessen the expense of distribution, and also the time required therefor. It is, moreover, advisable that the Commissa- ry General’s office should be at Albany, now that all the arms and equipments used by the mili.ia are owned and distributed by the State. CRIMINAL CODE. The criminal Jaws of our State need amendments and additions to suppress old abuses and meet new offences. ‘The extension of the principle of association has led to frequent trauds in the organization of corporations. ‘These offences should be summarily dealt witb, particu- larly those of fraudulent companies to insure against loss by fire. They inflict wide spread injury. New safe. guards eeem to be needed tor the faithful administration of corporate trusts, Criminal plesdings could be sim- plitied with great he sheave. to justice. The muchievous distinction between grand and petit larceny might profitably be abolished, atd punishments for theft be graduated in all cases to the criminality of the offender. ‘The right of peremptory challenge accorded to the prisoner on trial bas been enlarged by construc- tion tos hurtfu) limit. ‘The people are without proten- tion, by the right of challenge, against the introduction of the friends of criminals upon petit juries. An in- creasing inconvenience is experienced from the workiag of the rule, which Mi ievteae excludes from the panel, to try for a crime, all persons who have read newspaper accounts of it. ‘Ibe laws regulating grand juries might be amended with advantage. in many cases their action, through the matice and faleehood of informers, is unjust and aggres- sive. The evidence 7 which bills of indictment are found is frequently insufficient. A grest iujury is done to gooe government by the delay in bringing criminala to trial, and the facility with which the postponement of criminal causes is effected. The evils I have summarily referred toare worthy of the careful attention of the Le- gisiature, courts. In the present constitution of our courts of law, the poor man is often practically debarred a hearing of his just claims, from his inability to pay the charges inci- dent vo their ition. As a remedy for this evil, I would rupgent fhe etabinhment in sll our cities, of courts of limited jurisdiction, to take oft 8 ranging from $1 to $10; and, by the simplest and mort ec comical processes, to hear and adju: te the same, without charge to the parties. With the increase of population and business in our Suste has come an increase of litigation. Although the judicial force was largely Ch ages by the new consti- ution, the courts, especially those in the commercial cistricts of the State, are burdened with accumulations of business which no amount of labor can despatch. The creation of local tribunals in large cities has afforded some relief. ‘While the evil is acknowledged, the obvious remedy, and one which the constitution M8 ag lates, has not yet found favor with the legislature. Thatis the estal ment of courts of eonciliation. ‘The experience of other countries furnishes evidence of the beneficent workings of these tribunals. Through their instrumentality much hasty and needless litigation pe misedied Sat leat Ld rights, ating Seven: of int am 8, conciliat interven- tion, are amicably aSitted. lere, where courts are more resorted to than in any other country in the world, t is believed thet the tribunals of conciliation would ac- complish the reform so generally, and yet, hitherto, so onavailingly sought, I respectfully solicit your atten- tion to the subject of their establishment, CENSUS. The returns of the census show the following gener al reenite — ‘Total population of the State, 3,470,003, showing an ingreave stoce 1860 of 372,024; wince 1846, 864,023. © Native voters, 516,745; naturalized voters, 135,076; aliens, 682,746; colored’ persona not taxed, 35,956: O45. Teepe will be submitted to the Legislature, by tne Secretary of State, beens aged details of the census necessary for the reorganization of the Senate districts, and the new Soper taest of the Assembly requii by the third ile of the cenatitution. ‘The rixth article of that instrument also confers upon the it islature the diseretion and authority to reorganize the judi: fal districts, In view of what I have elsewhere stated in relation to the accumulation of busi- ness in our courts, I recom the creation of an addi- tional judicial district of the Suj reme Court. The recent enumeration shows that the city of New York will be en- titled to two additional Justices of the Supreme Court. I recommend ® law anthorizing their election NDAN TITLES, The Stockbridge tite of Indiqns lain title to tangs li mission while 1 defined comy ion, by inadvertence, made no for payment. This, while the ractised the most rigid economy in their ex; fos occasioned inconvenience. | therefore liest attention of the Legisiature to this detect in the taw. that the commission may recerve what is already due, and be enabled to prosecute its duties to a conclusion, PROKIMITION. ‘The Act for the Suppression of Latemperance, ism and Crime, passed by the last Legiriature, in ance with the clearly demand of the people, went into operation on fourth of July last. Not: withstanding it has been subjected to an opposition more persistent, unscrupulous and defiant than is often in- curred by an act of legistation; and leg si and magisterial influence, often acting unofti and extra. judicially, bave combined to render it inoperative, to forestall the decision of the courts, wrest the statute from ita obvious , and create & general distrast in, if not hostility to, all legislative restrictions ot the traffi; in intoxicating liquors—it has still, outside of our la’ cities, been generally obeyed. The influence is visible in a marked diminution of the evils which it songnt to re- medy. In the city of New York, and others of our large towns, it has, through the conmvance of magistrates, and executive officers, sworn to sustain the laws, been flagrantly disregarced, on the pretence principally of ite unconstitutionality, The course pursued has indicated but little confidence on the part of those opposed to the Jaw in the ultimate decision of the court, and still lesa, of a willingness to let the statute be tested by actual ex- periment. That some of the details of the Prohibitory act are im- perfect, and that some of its provisions are susceptible of a lex interpretation, is net to be denied. These detects do not, hewever, vitiate the maim principle of the law, which seems to me to be entirely accordant with our constitution, and in harmony with the obligation which government owes to the people. My contidence in the er and duty of the Legislature to prohibit the traffic in intoxicating liquors, and in the good resulta which may be anticipated from such prohibition, is in no de- gree shaken. But no further action on the subject is recommended, until the constitutional questions involved in the exist- palse shail have been adjudicated by the Court of Ap- peals. What amendments, if any, may he needed to render the statute more effective for the suppression of Intem- perance, pauperism and crime,” and to guard agalost the neglect or malfeasance of those to whom its execution is entrusted, may be matters for your subsequent consi- deration. Pauper. acoord THE LEMMON CASE, In pursuance of a resolution of the last Legislature, I appointed two associate counsel, to act with Sthe Attorney General, in the suit pending in the Supreme Court, between this State and the State of Virginia, known as ‘‘the Lemmon slave case.’? The case hag been prepared, and is noticed for the February term of the court, when it is expected it will be argued. As there is no provision mace to meet the expenses on the part of thin State, it will devolve upon you to make the necessary appropriation. KANSAS, The people of our State have observed with painful in- terest the course of events result from the passage of the act of Congress organizing the tories of Kansas end Nebraska. Those Territories comprise eee tion of the region expressly shielded from slavery by 1¢ comy 1820. By virtue of that compact a most reluctant and partial consent was wrung from the representatives of the people of the Free State to the ad- noe of ret faa Pee ana aor aol it act, #o pre} fame ‘osperity of the American people, Missour! herself, was slowly and grudgingly acquiesced in by the North, un- der the conviction tbat the evilit involved was instant and irreparable, while the good it stipulated would be greater and more permanent, more and more positive and obvious in coming years. Butat the expi- ration of thirty years,,after a Jarge and valuable strip of country had been transferred quietly, if not clandesti ly, from free soil to slave holding Missouri, the favorable Gocasien presented by an unprecedented triumph of the slave int it, was seized to press the of ‘the Missouri restriction, and consequently to open Kan- #as and Nebraska to slavery. No Congress that ever yet assembled, except that] just dismissed and rebuked by the people of the free Staves, could have been induced to sanction this repeal; and it is believed that no other federal administration but that now going out of power could have been im to urge it. The opportunity was improved with desperate assiduity and energy, and the effort was too successful. All legal barriers to the establishment of slavery in Kan- sas and Nebraska were removed by Congress—removed, too, by the aid of votes from this and other non-slave- helding States. The assumption of uxconstitutionality, which e' ear- teat etioct 40 restrain any great moral and evil seeme fated to encounter, was invoked to excuse the re- pudiation of a solemn contract by those who had se- cured all its advantages. And thus the Missouri com- promise, so long the theme of general and extravagant eulogium, was overthrown by the very interest which had proposed and constrained its adoption. ‘The consequences of this act of perfidy have thus far tully justified the apprehensions, and fulfilled the predic- tions ef the champions of freedom and public faith. Nebraska, entrenched bebind free States only, wil! pro- bably be permitted to add another to their number with- out @ serious contest. But Kansas, on the other hand— bordering on a populeus portion of Missouri, fanatical in its devotion to slavery, and through which nearly all the «migrante enter the new Territory—has in some respects become a subjugated provines of that State. By Missou- ‘ian its delegates to Congress have been chosen, and the emblanee of its Logislature organized. That Legislature has appointed its county officers for a term of six years; and the same authority assumed to establish slavery on its soil, and to fortify it by most ex- tracrcinary inhibitione and penalties. And when its federal Governor called for military foree to uphold these outregeous enactments, his orders were responded to, not by the inhabitants of Kansas, but by armed bands trom Missouri. The sympathies of the North and West have heen keenly aiive to the menaced subjection by the rifle and knife, of the free soil citizens of the Terrizory gathered at Lawrence. Their caim courage and deter- mined attitude rolled back this first demonstration of slavery to conquer freedom by force of arms. Tney are Cae to the respect and gratitude of all who love the sepablic. he voice of New York has repeatedly been heard in the assertion of the Jeffersonian policy of restricting sla- very and extending freedom. I trust that it will be ut- tered again, with a unanimity and an emphasis worthy of ber history, her principles and her convictions, CONCLUSION. Republican government, popular education and indus- try, guided and assisted ‘by the Wisdom and Goodness which watch over the affairs of the universe, have ex ceedingly prospered the people of New York during the last year. The conditions of the continuance of the Di- vine favor are just legislation, wise public economy, and the recognition by the State of the oauality and frater- nity of its citizens, and of the republican destiny of the confederacy. Let us address ourrelves to the discharge of the duties we owe to the commonwealth whose ser- vants we are, in a spirit of humble dependance upon the Great Lawgiver, and of fidelity to our responsible trusts. ‘Azrayy, January —, 1856. MYRON H. CLARK. ADVERTISEMENTS RENEWED EVERY DAY. DANCING ACADEMIES. BROADWAY.—GRAND SOIREE AT MME. AND Wile EMMA SAUVAGEAU’S dancing academy, 627 627 ssrondway, on Thursday evening, 17th January, to commence at £34 ofa oe ‘Tickets 60 cents. "There will be # large attend- ance DODWORTH’S PRIVATE DANCING ACADEMIES, + No. £06 Broadway, New York; No. 137 Montagne piace, isrookiyn, are now open for the season. Pupils can oommenes atary ume, Circulars explaining time aad terms can be had st the academies. ROOKLYN.—THE SECOND QUARTER OF MRS. LAN- NAY’S dancing school, at Momague Hall, No. 6 Court sweet, being open, are ¥ for new puptis. The auarter dates irom the time of entry. on Weduasday, at 334 o'clock; op Saturday, at 3 o'clock. ROFESAOR SARACCO'S DANCING AQADEMY, NO. 879 Fourth street. German and American colillon class every evening, attended by the elite of New York. Ciass every morning, and private lessons at allhours., Subscription ti latol May, for evening practice, st a ressonable price. ——y—————E——llESEaSESESSSSS BILLIARDS. TLIARD DALLA i00 SeT@ BILLIARD BALLS, 4s vale by » SMM. WHRLING, 206 Brocne feet” SLLIARD TABLES.WE OFFRR FOR SALE A FINE stock of tables, made with our newly invented shel reece rain, Ee TDECKED, 90 Ann street, One second hand table for sale, YCONNOR & oeveers BILLIARD TABLE MA- mI , now most extensive be Pt the ag ge poet to 53 Ann street. Billiard tables, trie m os, of superior qual po ere prices. yy" mail rT. LET OR FOR 8ALR—A SECONDHAND BILLIARD table; also, to rent nan! and one of the heat locations. The proprietor having other bu: sincss on haag is he rengon Cor renting it, toe 73 ve arent pariors end uedvontas 00 tba ee and ‘ocond tors, may be hed oo very ed- ‘Sine athe mater larva” Sin izentlomon can ob ‘ain very roma. coavenient (0 cars and sages Which pam the door, 56 ese Lee tes invIne ‘carseat GENTLEMAN AND MIS WIFE, OR A FEW BE- Cy] young mee.can be comiortably accommoda- with board. on reasonable lerms, also afew day boarders takea, Apply 1 42 Division street, one door from Christie, PRIVATE PAMILY OCCUPYING A MODERN BUILT house bear Union square, desire to let turatahed the second floor, to « yenUemen and wife, or ull of rooms oD if ii board. Address Irving Place, U two genuemen, a gration FRONT PARLOR TO LET~UNFURNISHED, WITH A pants gad sicnat, foe in end Be wie, or two single ge board, ia vale j ne ne Torme medera'’, _ of refereace desired. 133 Amity street. COMFORTABLY FURNISHED ROOM, WITH A it, to let, without hoard. to one or two a temen, low. Apply at 167 Greene siree:, near . GENTLEMAN AND WIP, 08 SINGGK GENTLEMER ean be acecin with’ pleasant rooms aad board ia small private family, at 74 West twenty second mreot. The houss contains (be modern improvements, aud s convenient te are and sages. Terms moverate. HANDSOMELY FURNISHED ROOM, AND BEDROOM Atinched, to jet, in @ private house, with ali the modern improvements. Also, « sacle room, wilh grate and ges ia i, Apply at % Prince street, afew doors west of Broadway. GENTLEMAN AND WIFE, OR A COUPLE OF BIN- gle gentlemen, may be accommodated with board Ault of rooms, or single, in & private immily, in ahouse it wil the modern imvrovements su@b as gaa, ec. Refe- rences required. Inquire at 12} West Twenty second ‘nUes. between Sixth and Seventh SUIT OF ELEGANT RvOMS TO LRT, WITH PRI vate table, or use of a kitchen. also a room and bedroom: boure has ail the modern Mprovements, und trea miauies’ waik (rom Broadway. Apply ai 58 St. Marks’ piace. BoAkh. TA CENTLRMAN AND WIPK, O8 THO OR three single gentlemen, ean be xccommodated with plea. board, in & first class ‘dant rooms, with full or partial 2. al the modern improvements, bal, ena, ke. conven eat fo cars and stages. Apply at 76 West’ Twontythird street. References exchanged. OARD IN BROOKLYN,—A PRIVATE FAMILY, HAV- ing more room than they require, would be happy tore ceive one or two inmates. Apply at ST Maecific street, , iyn, between Henry and Hicks, OARD.—ONE LARGE AND ONE £MALL ROOM TO tet, with coard, in a private American family, at No, 99 Sixth avenue, near Eighth OARD WANTED.—A GENTLEMAN AND HIS WIFR vish & well fo par bedroom, wit fall board, in the neighvorhood of Fourteenth sweet’ and Ui bt) 1 Be Herald office. ° OARD—NEAR 8ST. JOHN’S PARK, IN A FAMILY ig BS chan uired. Second room, wi rooms, faraisbed, tora gentieman and his wile, withont children, or for emiiemen. Bath and gas, Re:erences exchanged. a 8 Varick street. B° D—IN ONE OF THR MOST DESIRABLE ope in bgp el ear eee —, walk of handy ie fourth door ity. renee yoncrea furnished room, with or without house has gas and baths; locaton pleasant, Apply at Ne. tat OARDING.—TWO GENTLEMEN CAR BE Gued win pe erm, ae furmebed, ot the bouse, forth Moore street, near Park. Baths in the house. OARDING AT 173 AND 175 HUDSON STRERT—A back and secand rooms, with partial a conventent to the Fi and street ferries, renee requsred, Apply at 1s Gamien street, Brooklyn. Boak’ WANTED—BY A GENMLEMAN, WIFR, OHILD purse, also for a geuueman, in some family, or where there are but very few taken; tion not above Twenty-second street, betwen Fourth and Sixth avenues, or not above Fourteenth street, farther east or west of theabove named avenues, The partion would be deairante, stating tome, ae. i OARD WANTED-FOR A YOUNG GENTLEMAN AND P wife, Cat See Sanit or where there Cg but few boarders. ‘Ibe loration mu: ‘most : pre. ferred on the west eide of town. iteferences "required aad given. Address X., Herald office, stating terms, &c. OARD DOWN TOWN.—TWO GENTLEMEN CAN ‘accommodated with board, also two young ladies, at Duane street, near Hudson, opposite Duane OARD AND ROOMS,—ONE OR TWO GENTLEMEN wishing one or two peasant front rooms, with or without partial board, ina well located house in Seventh ward, may apply at 231° Madison street, Gas, &c., in house. Reterence exchanged. Boze, WANTED—FOR A LADY, OF QUIET Hi jn a sma) family. Terma, including tire, not to exceed per week, which will be paid in advance. muse - ately, with every particular, Ellen K, W., Herald office, BB 3 AT 94 WARREN STREET.—ONE LARGE ‘h pantry attached, on second let, rty of two or three gentlemen, single beds, or to #8 gentleman and his wife. Prices moderate, and a comferuble home. Day boarders accommodated; $2 00 per week. OARDING.—A LADY CAN BE DESIRABLY Ac- commodated with board, with a lone indy; the price amo Object; company of ® respectable lady is wanted; she a bedroom herself, and the nse of # neat little’ sit where she can feel'at home and be comfortable; r oe Inquire tor Mrs. Wells, 373; Front sweet, rookiyn. $$$ $$ Boaz. WANTED—FOR GENTLEMAN, WIFE AND TWO children, in @ private tamily; location between Canal and ‘Twelith street; bath and gas indispensa vie, price not to exceed $14 per week. Partlai for the gentleman. address with full eee G. B. Smith & Co,, Boarders’ Exchange, 346 road Wi Appleton’s Building hi FOR A GENTLEMAN, LADY AND Bo edia, (paris bonre foo: te sone } ia vate. iazoily, where there are no boatders; terms moderate, lose tion not above Fourteenth street, and four #q) from tiroad- way, References Addrers A B. O., bex 1,276 Post office, stating terma, PURNISHED ROOMS, WITHOUT BOARD, IN A PRT. vate family. House first class. Inquire before 2 0’clock at 101 Fourth avenue, between Kleverth and Twelfth streets, Keterences exchanged. Po, ROOMS, WITH BOARD, IN A STRIt ‘J rivate family, in Dare street, where all the forte otahome can beenjoyed. A gentleman and . or three single xentlemen. Gas in every room. Apply at34 am. NE OR TWO LADIES CAN BE ACOOMMO! with good board, at 145 Third avenue, between Fitecee and Sixteenth streets, ee ARLOR AND BEDROOM, RANDSO} FURNIO8- Saenger at 768 Broadway. pepidlteie | gg tht BOARDING.—TWO VERY DESIRABLS taohed, Daur vole cone aa be Pa ith - ; in & new brown 88 wi 4 Yenlenoe, at 30 Seventh avenue, fourih door below Fourteenth re PRIVATE FRENCH BOARDING HOUSE, WITH FUR. hished rooms, fo let, with or_ without bord; Kept on the Rurepean style, with all he modern improvements of te age, and is now receive magic goullemen algo, "£65 Houston aireet, near Broadway. 10 LET WITH BOARD—A FEW FURNISHED ROOMS, Jp private family. in houae 7%, Wamt Thirty rst street, roadway. ‘The (improvements, near Bi use has al: LET—A SUITE OF HANDSOME FURNISHED eo LW] eae x first ge. house, to one or 0 lemen, witbout board. Ren woe ‘hio, one hautsome furnished room on the hie 008 Ch Rer week. Apply at 125 Crosby street, opposite Nibio’as Font riecosicemasiasrinerteeymomianciagpearindunseitineiclins RENT—WITH BOARD, A HA ‘ Tenia prs er MDOOMELY rR. nt io Bighih street. Relersnses yequiced, el WA STED-BY GENTLEMAN, LODGING, With breakfast only, in a house whe: other board taken. "ne house m and = just have & | every other comfort. Powseeelon to be ‘aken in a moun. Answer Ook, ofice, References given. ns | ANTED—BOARD, FOR A GENTLE! W . MAN AND with parlor and terms and feoation. = vincent etre Me HE FYR ANP EAR.—DRS. BI ask the attention of the pailoted tn hele Beaton or eve and ear. The cures resulting from > thing ever before known from any ireataabaes We have reser ed to light seventeen persons bora blind. “Amatirols.- This obstinate disense they treat with astonishing success. Oure warranted im every cave, Glase eyes inserted, Office, 130