The New York Herald Newspaper, January 14, 1856, Page 6

6 NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JANUARY 14, 1856. NEWS FROM CENTRAL AMERICA. LY INTERESTING FROM NICARASUA, Be Tks Progress and Prospects of the Walker Government. THE NEW DISCOVERED GOLD MINES. OUR SAN JUAN CORRESPONDENCE. i “ FROM MAJOR SCHLESING &., &o., dia. The steamship Northern Light, Captain Tinkle- peugh, arrived at this port om Saterday night, and we publi b the following interesting lerters from our corres- peadeats ip Central America, with some very important extracts ‘rom our files, at Granada, Nic., Dec. 29, and st San Joan cel Norte, Jan. 2, im addition to the news which appeared im the Hmeaup of yesterday (Sunday) mousing. OUR SAN JUAN CORRESPONDENCE. Sav JAN Dat. Nourse, Dee. 31, 1855. Stu's oF the Weather—Colonel Kinney’s Health and Prou- des—American Naval Officers on the Sieamer—Ofictat Search of Papers, Bozes, Barrels and Baggage—Labors the American Colonists—Pheir Relations Zowards the Transl Company— General Waticer, Ais Puree, and his Land Grania—Disposiion of the Neighboring States To- words him— A Large War Flext Bepected—Appearance ¢ Toren of San Juan ote you a short letter from Jamaica, and have now to report our arrival hee yesterday moraing. The fre. queat showers hav: ly impe led the discharge of cargs sad materially interfered with the views of some ef oor novelty seeking pastengers who desired to see the lious on shore Ifuvad ovr old acquaintance, Col. Kinney, resovering from s fit of (ness, and sorely disappointed at the non- folfiiment of promises made to him by parties in the Unired States. He keepe upa brave beart, and hopes to heme of peaceful settlement under ad- icoumetanees tha: would chili the soul of moat san ship of war Doard our steamer # wost inguisitoria, «xamination of the ship’s and msuifest were objects of Avery strongly of what, tu Eu called s ‘strong government.” Had the officer ‘hing for some Guy Fawkes plot, intended to jeree Tegime, hee uid hardly have been less inquisitive; and as be afterwards took the captain inte @ side room for privaie couterence, I thought we perhaps,’ be favored with an old style latre de consigning some enterprising citizen to the quiet retirement of ship of war. Happily we were not found gvilty of any infringement of Mr, Marcy’s American policy + is stated that there cre about ome bundred Ameri- some of whom are in the town, some up the at seven miles northwest of this place. Great animosity exists between the ci‘izens apd the Nicaragas Transit Company, who hare their establishments on the opposite side of the bay, axd permit no intercourse with the town. Iam told tha: the New York steamers will mot take letters from the town vo the United States. The New Orleans steamers pursue a more liberal policy, and endesvor to faci itate intercourse. ‘The information I have been able to obtain here in re- lation to General Walker and his position is very contra- dictory and upsatisfacto-y. From its general import I gatherei that he has with him between 300 and 400 men, and thst his force experiences frequent changes from coovstant arrivals and departures, The former are mostly from (ali ornia; the departures go both ways, some to San Francisco and othere +> the Atlantic States. I am the promised pay ia one hundred dollars a via grant of lanc, Some dissatisfaction is said to exis: among them, because of tae grant of a la quaati'y of land to an em‘gration company conducted Dy Mr. Fabens, and nearly baif of the men have signed a remoastrance against giving away the best lands before their grants are locate. Iu N‘earagua no opposition of amy aczount exists to General Waker’s government. There are some tew small bands in the field, but they are of iittie importance. Rumors of the intentions cf the boring States are very discerdant, but from the best sources of isformution open to me I am led to delieve that General Carrera, the dic ator of Guatemala, hes snown no sign. Costa Rica prepares only for the defensive, and wisnes to remain at peace. Honduras threatens, but abe is torn by intestine divisions, and one party ber borders leans toward Walker. San Salvador is of small importance in the queatioa. Isend you these items, wnich may prove of interest, though you will 20 doubt receive later and more anthectic information direct from Granada by the same steamer that bears this. ‘The United States frigate Potomac, Commodore Paul- ing, an¢ steamer Fulton sre iu port. The British brigs- of-war Espiegle and Arad are also here, J am tolj that the Unite States sloop Cyane and several British vessels ‘are expected to arrive, The only merchant vessel in port is the brig Olive, cf Machias. This gathering of ships of war at a port where commerce does not congre- gate, demoustrates the estimation in which a few geographical ite im these waters are held. ‘The town ‘Pelt iss miserable collection of huts, and the vicinity for many milee is a gloamy marsh, covered with an almost im) ble growth of swamp wood and runniug vines. Itis said that the town was & bdetter place betore the valoros Piezce bombardment, ani the natives since this act look pon the bnglish as their only friends. Poor as the place is, a love of their native country burns ia their becoms. To-morrow we sail for Aspinwall and Carthagens. MIGO. LETTER FROM MAJOR SCHLESINGER. 10 THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Sreamsmip Nortumry Licet, Ar San Jay, January 3, 1856. } I kaow your extraordinary desire for giving tothe pub- lic all possible facts which may have a tendency to en- lighten or amuse them, and so I do not doubt these few lines of mine will readily be allowed a place in your Paper. About ten days previous tomy departure for Nicaragua it was mg intention te leave New York for San Francisco, © 4 adout that time, while conversing with Mr. Josch. [w:sen about my intended departure for there, I was ask. ed by him what rcute I was going to take, and I replied to him thet I thought of going out by the way of Ponswa. Mr. Joachimssen then asked why I would not take the fen Juan, Nicaragua, route in preference to the other, as I would have probably there a better opportunity of securing my independence, by joining General Waiker ? T answered him thas I feared the goverment might mis- construe my motives in going out there, and throw im- pediments in my way—tvat I was a military man, and they might euspect me ef filibustering. To this Mr. Joachimssen assured me that neither he nor Mr. McKeon would eve: throw any ebstacles in the way of my departure, and, moreover, he would give me a letter to our Micister there, which, he trusted, would be Of service to me. So warmty did ke press upon me his advocacy, that I readily sasented to go by the way of Ni- earsgus, and only subsequently to this I was informed that » lacge party ot emigrants were going out the same day; that what the District Attorney advised me to do, as being no crime, would certainly not becomes one, as others intended to do the same thing. I accordingly, when asked by the intended emigrants, gave my opinion, and advised them about the most eff- cacious means, according to my judgment, to insure enc- cess to « party of men who intended to leave their home 4m exchange for a new one. There was no military organ- ization, os far as I knew of, in New York—no military Character was impressed upon the enterprise (though many of the prominent members of the emigration be- Jonging to military companies were titled Colnnel, Cap- tain, &e.); it was an emigzation leaving the United States for Central America, as any one leaytng Ireland for New York—though probably if once in Central Ameri ‘would have devoted themeelves to the active ies Rooting thet there ex'sted any law which oun pre- nt say citizen of the United States, or any individual Bevein, from leaving the same, | spoke ‘reery and with- enced departure; and 0, proba- be assurances given to me by the ‘No danger of iatestorence by the government officers paggorted iteel! in my mind wotil, on Sunday morning, Sa ult, my attention war called to an article in your Snoesing o pce ple pa mg Peed si tJ name not mentic t was distinct: ou "that Twas to 0 one of the oficers in eon ition. This artic'e alarmed me, and I the government's official (the District have practised duplicity for ths purpose me, and I concluded, when going on board A repels Ferd og Oy of ert, ‘thought Gage Pai and ascend ‘bin to the deck. amd the first person I met calling nimselt » Deputy Marshal, ot hin to show me but ce having none, : ~i “i rt Hat one® for hension, we that Mr. Joacbimasen had the warrant with a ‘hat be arrested me by the express orders of that jut thinking the arrest was binding upon me without person rr calling himself Marshal would clove qu t ¥ to me nis authority, T eoaclu ted to get wide of the officer by (caving him in a pleasaat conversation, which ne just began, wih sonebosy, Ldo ao know who it was, to whom he just toed to expiain the great services be aad rendeed to the coumtry, by having oae so notorious as wy homie self appretiended. I trust he enjoyed the same belief am bour later, IT thought that he having no au hority to arrest me, I would vot recognize bis mere word for law, wad I accord- ingly lett unnoticed by him. A few minu’as were sufficient to disporses> me of my moustache and waiskers, aad with the aid of aa o'd sailor’s oil garment, I made my disguise perfect. I then went among the’ sailors, and many a time I was under the very nose of tke worthy Marshal, when this individual was 40 anxiously iaquiring after me of others, amd kept, as he thought, @ sharp look out for me. On Tuesday Mr. Joachimssen came on board, and held 4 general ins; Thad then nd ic he not discover my whereabouts by looking out for me, he can cnly blame his own eyes; certainly I gave him 4 the credit of Captain Fourney, U.S. N., 1 must ‘that he eyed me once or twi suspestiogly, thit began to make up my mind to chauge my ais. again with some new one. However, all passed without anger, aad on Wednesday night, about twelve we left port. On Thurscay morning, coming on deck in my sailor's clothes, I had the infinite pleasure to see two Marshals on board, rent out, as I understood, to wateh the cargo; but knowing that there were about s dozea of men on board who paid their own fare—I presume, Nicaragaan settlers—and on whom I could depend in case of emer- gency, and not believing that the Marshals could arrest me, i disclosed myself to them and to the passengers, a number of whom! had known pefore. I was warmiy congratulated by all, and all seemed to rejoice in the success of my escape. I was now informed that Mr. Joachimssen was the most anxious = my apprekension. * . * * * He contiaves thus:—As for the motives of my leaving New York in preference to undergoing there any investiga~ tion, 1 may simply say, though there was no violation of any of the United States laws by me contemplated, aad conscious as | am that nothing to the contrary could be proved against me, nevertheless I well knew that justice is slow and my time is precious to me, therefore I con- cluded not to Wait, but proceeded to carry into effect my intended vor: Major LOUIS SCHLESINGER. ; STATEMENT OF AN OUT AND OUT FILL BUSTER. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Gxsvrows, Jan. 1, 1858. On board the noble steamer Northern Light, off Fort Hamilton, Dec. 26, fast leaving Mr, Pierce and Mr. Me Keon behind us—malice has had its vent—and this free, graceful and beautiful steamer has again spread her wings for her free native element, and the free and sub- lime old o2ean, over which Mr. Pierce and Mr. District Attorney have a0 contrel, where man can roll on and on with freeiom. There was general joy when the passengers heard ‘All right”"—‘ Nothing found against the Northern Light”— “Let her go.” Steam was already up, end Admiral Tinklepaugh was at home again, and, iastead of Mr, Pierce, master of his own ship, his voice was heard, “Up suchor; let her proceed slow/y down the bay.” We were ali giad to get under weigh, and away from the cold, which was very severe. We did not go to bed un- til one o’clock—part of the time on deck, witnessing the beautiful scenes around us. The bright full moon in the heavens lit up the ocean beneath; the stars flashing and sparkling out their light on the ocean, and our steamer riding on over the bright silvery water ‘like 1ife,’? our deck and sides being in part covered with ice. We had not been out long before new faces began to Emigrants for Central America came forth trom places like pilgrims fleeing from persecution. New faces were constantly appearing, shorn of their locks, some with moustache and whiskers shaved off, and hair cut short; others in female attire, with pale face, probably just out of s dour barrel, having gone without eating or drinking for two days. They had no arms, no cannon, guns or munitions of war with them, but evidently a desire to emigrate to a warmer climate—visit Centra] America or California. ‘The papers were mistaken in saying before we left that the Marshal had taken and carried on shore Louis Schlesinger, the old friend and fellow-sufferer with Lopez in the mountains of Cuba. and for whom there had been a large reward offered. He came forth among the rest with moustache shorn, but he did not hide. He came into the cabin with a wide-brim tarpaulin hat, yellow glazed monkey jacket, and pants much worn, sprinkled with tar, singing out in strong voice, “How do you do, gentlemen’’” Those of his friends who recog- mzed him, jumped to embrace and greet him, supposing he was on shore. He had been with the sailors, washil down decks, shoveling coal, polishing brass—police @. around bin and sometimes conversing with him. He is youpg, intelligent and brave; and if he joins Walker, he Will find in him, no doubt, a strong arm and hrave heart. Lunderstand there are several rewards offered on his head, because he loves treedom as hee ope beep} with patriots against tyrany, and to emaucipate and free enthralled slaves. He has recently escaped from politi- cal imprisonment in Africa. Jan. 1.—We wish you a “happy New Year.” We have Shue he. nnd this wahete the hada itful happiest ‘eare in warm, sunny and beau- t tual and glorious summer. Have , amid perpe' been sailing all day in full view of the eastern shore and mountains of Cuba om our right, and on our left the high mountains and green hills of San Domingo and fast ap- higher mountains of Jamafca. Our passengers are quite animated at the sight and variety of the scene fearon iy opel the ovean. Last night wasarich spectacle. re Was no moon, but the milky way was in 8 perfect glow of stars, The whole firmament was lit up ith atars of meteoric light and brilliancy, and the free, fresh and balmy trade winds, the stars and the sea, made it seem like Heaven. It was a gioricue scene of our Crea- tor’sglory and God’s wonders on the deep, and such aa I have witnessed nowhere else. We have now left all the islands, and aregoing down with fair wind and great speed to Greytown. I admire Captain Tinklepaugh; I have sailed on his ship before; be is a hero; a perfect and polished seaman and brave man. His word is law—ke speaks, and his com. mand is obeyed; no wavering, no reconsidering, no going into this port and that, then out again and into auotter, before he gets into the right one, like our Captaia at Wa but he is commander of his owa ship, and be keeps her steady and onward on her eourse, out: riding the storm and tempest, ani will bring her ‘aa! into port, and anchor in triumph in yon pescefil have: I wisa we had such a = at Washington at the head of our government. We necd one there like him or Jackson. All difficulties and strife would soon be settled —a Speaker would be elected—peace would soon return again, Liberty would unfold her wings and our ceuntry would again be free. I like the steamship North- ern t—her graceful lines and beaatiful model —her spacious cabins beautified and adorned and finished with rosewood, maple and polished brasa— her snowy decks and majestic speed, remind one of the North Star, while she is not excelled by any steamer. But we are fast nearing port, and must soon leave her. Greytown is in sight. Farewell, Northern Lignt—glo rious steamer! Under thy faithful and devote comman- der, Admiral Tinklepaugh, and his fieg, sail on with suc- cesk and pride, and freedom, as you are both an honor and glory to the sea. RED HOOK, NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. GENERAL WALKER AND HIS TROOPS AT CHURCH— WANTS OF THE ARMY—DEATHS AND PROMOLIONS —ARRIVALS FROM CALIFORNIA—TESTIMONIAL TO COLONEL WHEELER, U. 8. MINISTER—THE LD MINES—GRAND MILITARY BALL—H)! RENTS IN GRANADA—AFFRAY IN GRANADA AND SAN JUAN—MOVEMENT3 OF U.S WAR VE3SELS—MAR- KETS—CUTTON AND YAMS AT SAN JUAN DEL NORTE. El Nicaraguense of 224 ult., says:— By invitation of the clergy, the Commander-in-Chief American battalion visited the cathedral, on the last Sabbath morning. It was an imposing sight, and we regret the want of space to give it the pro- per notice. Lieut. Will Morris has been promoted to the rank of biped vice Captain R. W. Armstrong, deceased. He |] command company C. First Sergeant Dan. Lathrop, promoted to the rank of Second Lieutenant, is also attached to company C. We have received a very F leapedee a Sp terre fatal scourge the cho.era, wi now appears to be raging ina of Central ‘anetion, it is the scienufie pen of Dr. E. C. Wargua, translated from the Freach by Col. Fabens, our Director of Colonization, and possesses at the prosent time an especial interest for all our read- ers. On the subyect o gold in Nicazagus, we publish a very interesting paper from Don Fermin Ferrer, Miniter of Ha- cienda, translated for our columns at the Department of Colonization. We commend thie paper to the carefal reading of our friends abroad. We have testimony from a hundred sources as to the litera truth of its state- ments, and we confidently look for an immigration’ of good working men and settlers that shall not be second to Ca lifornia in its palmiest days. The following advertisements appear in El Nicara- gnuense:— Wanted, by the Commissary of War, the following arti- cles for the use of the troops:—Rice, coffee, sugar, beans, flour, tobaceo, men’s clothing, bocts, stoee, hat, white shirts, cassimeres and cloth. The above articles will be urchased at fair prices, of superior quality. Virgin yy and Greytown dealers please no tic: Jwill sell at public auction on the 28th dey o {Decem. ber, 1856, front ofhead ouarters the schooner Fape- ranza, as she now «es on the beach. Terms 0 (91.0 cash. JESSE 8. HAMBLETON, Dee. 17, 1855. Maj. and Actg. Com. of War. lar packet between Punts Arenas and Estapa, touching at the intermediate ports. The American clip. schooner Joseph Hewitt, J. M. Clapp, master, will Enmediately commence running as ebove. For treignt or apply to eats PP AMIS CORKHIL:, San Joande Sar, ‘The same paper o December 29 has the following looal items:— Amongst the arrivals by the last steamer we notice the names ot Mesers. William R. Garrison and C. J. McDon- ald, of Sen Francisco. We understand that Mr. M:Donald has entere inte a contract with the government for the esti it of a mint at Nicaragua, Tn another column may be found a card from the Um ted Staten citizens now residing in this city to Colone! Wheeler, inviting him to name 4 when it will eutt nis convenie: ce to meet them aud friends st a dinner. We regret that the want of space forces us to delay tue Rabtication of the Colmel’s reply until next “olonel Wheeler's dignified and maniy course has the unanimous approbation of every American citizen in Nicaragua. ‘The card reads as follows —~ PUBLIC TESTIMONIAL TO THE AMERICAN MINISTER. ‘fo his Excei'ency, Joux H. Wametxr, Miaister of the United States of America, near the Repu lic of Nica- ragua:— Sm-—the undersigned citizens of the United States of America are desirous of expressing, by some public tes- timonial, their the self-secrificiag and higbly able and honorable manner in which you have fuifilled the duties apvertaining te your office during the lute time of excitement and peril. they are in > wise connected with the present administra neither have Shay bees: site acy, lng one—ant address you simply as American who have the honor and dignity of the American name at heart. It is their deli- berate conviction, that not only was the course which you so promptly — in the Ange nets of _ Present government, subsequent adiy rela- tions which you have held with it, fully warranted, by the circumstances, but that any other course would have left American interests here in extreme jeopardy. For these reasons, as well as to manifest the genera satisfaction with the course you have pursued while representing the United States in this country, they would re gee | beg, that you will name some early day, when it suit your convenience, to meet them and thelr friends at dinner in this city. With seatiments of the highest regard, we remain, dir, your friends and obedient servants, ‘Wm. R. Garrison, EF. Mason, John McCarthy, Edmund Randolph, Chas, T. Cutler, J. A. Reogles, Jobn B. Lawless, W. Teiler. Col. Wheeler's ray to the above was received too late for this issue, but ‘appear in our next. A geatlewan by the name of Richardson, » member of Company E, wag shot at the quarters in the San Francisco church, on Monday last. It appears that he was stand- ing near a comrade who was endeavoring to revolve the cylinder of navy revolver, which had become rusted, Yhen the weapon accidentally went off, the ball passing through Mr. K.’s leg, making a severe flesh woun Nothing serious. ‘There is to be a grand military ball at Ixcaya House, in this city, on Monday evening ‘next (New Year's Eve). Among the rs we notice the names of General Walker, Colonels Natzmer and Saunders, Commandan‘e Arguello and Lieutenant John G, Jones, We also notice the name of Lieutenant G. R. Caston, as floor manager. Colonel Fry, with sis battalion of Voltiguers, returned to this city this morning. The Colonel represents tne country to be ina peaceful state, aud that he was evecy- where received by the natives with manifestations of great kindness. Houses in the lower part of the city, which a week ago were tenantless, we are glad to see have occupants. A feeling of protection and safety is being experienced by the natives, and every hour their confidemce in tae government is increased. Tt was ramored through the city, yesterday, that a native hombre had been srrested for forcibly seizing aud destroying the democratic devices upon the hats ot other natives with whom he micht happen to come in contact, Granada is becoming juice healthy again, November and December are represented a3 being sickly months, and when they ure passed there is no heaithier climate under the sum than this. Mechanics of various kinds are much wanted in ( nada, There is » fine field opening for good, steady mi chanics. Christmas passed off very pleasantly in our city. We hear of no accident occurring, as is usually the cuse in cities of less magnitude than Granada. Should some American open a ‘tip-top’? hotel in this city, our word for it, he would doa glorious basiaess. The roads leading from this city are im the best possi- ble travelling conciti Fruits of every hue and taste may be purchased in our market at mere nominal prices. The Potomac, flag ship of the United States home squadron, arrived a few days agoat 3an Juan del Norte. De. Dillard, the fleet surgeon, came on the last steamer to this city, bearer of despatches to the United Sistes Minister here. The Miuister was en route for Leon but ‘a special courier was despatched for him, and he return. ed on Monday evening. The Central American (Gol. Kinney’s organ) of January 2, has the followizg ite By arrivals from Granada, Thursday afternoon, it was reported that there was a prospect of an adjustmect of party differences, and that Honduras and San Salvador eh coat Grover th ‘Nicaragua to reinstate the old confederation of the States; but we wait more reliable ia- formation. We have great interest in noticing the departure of a com, of miners for the exploration of the go.den re- gions. ith satisfaction we state that they are the most persevering and enterprising men we have witnessed ior along period. The miners made three attempts to cross the bar of Indian river, but the heavy seas at the time breaking on the bar, made it utterly impossible to enter. They then took their baggage ani backed it by land for the ons. Wedowish them all the success that is due to honest and hard laboring men, and hope they way obtain ample reward for their parseverance. Messrs. Shepherd Pied Haly, the origiaal owners or the eat Mosquito Grant, worth miliions, still adhere to Col. ‘inney in his peaceful intention to settle thuse rich and productive lanas. Want of space compels us to omit several interesting articles, along with the list of a number of gentlemea who came on here for the parpose of joining Col. K. in bis expedition, ‘e happy to be enabled to say that the remarks of the Enropean Times with reference to Comm<dore Paul are berne out by that gallant officer’s bearing since visit to this port. Col. and others who have been on board the Commodore’s ship are enthusiastic in their encomiums on him for his affable and courteous deport- ment to all. a compliment which we have pleasure in ex- tending to Capt. Powell and the officers of the ‘Poto- mac,” who, as well as of the U. 8. sloop of war Fulton, are a credit to their count y. Col. Kinney met several old acquaintances on board the Potomac, and ‘was well received by commodoee Paulding: there appears to exist a kindly feeling towards him on the pertof naval officers in geneval, We understand fhe steamer that arrived on the 30th inst., and reported as the General Mosquera, still retains her name, as per register, the Osprey. We learn from Mr. —_ the present agent of the company to which the vessel was attached, that arrangements have been Tort aod dis pert, With freight pasmeagere ane: mulls corl rt, ‘t, passengers and mails, which will doubtless be @ great’ asoomunodalion to the merchants and traders of this town, the Transit Com- pany for # length of time refused to bring even letters tor place; and we have here to notice that though Dr. application tor » passage for Col. mudi Kinsey, during his late severe iliness, fom tits town to his plantation at Sarapiqui, for change of air, it was de- nied; this is carrying malice to an inexcusable extent. An unfortunate occurrence took place at the St. Nicho- laa Hotelin this town, on the night of the 30th inst. Cispute, it appeers, tcok place between two gentlemen, one Marshall, late of Texas. and the other a White, late of Aspin' which terminated in the latter receivicg a wound fronf a revolver fired by the former. The wound. reported to be in a dan- ntleman, we understand, has sur- rendered himself, and remaios on board Commodore Paulding’s ship. ‘We do not venture to give any particu- Jars tilt the affair comes to be investigated by compe- tent anthorities. We have had the opportunity of viewing, some efght days ago, @ beautiful flower yam from the garden cf Mr. C. Campbell, of this city. The article above mentioned wus two feet seven inches in circumference, and thirty- five pounds in weight. From the same gentleman we have received a splendid sanple of coffe, the produce of the land, and from the fntelligence we glean, we believe the trees bear im- mensely thick, and hold out every prospect. We in- cerely congratulate Mr. Campbell upon the agricultural prospests before him. ‘We hope to see the day not far distant when San Juan dei Norte will be brought upon the same par at any other ot the leading agricultural countries of tais phere, and when we shall be happy to see the sone of fais infant country exportiog their produce, whish from the expe. rience we have had, we strongly believe may stand un- surpassed, LIST OF OFFICERS OF U. 8. SHIP FULTON. lieut. Commanding «RB. L, Tighesan, . Marcy. Paillips. e, Henry Willson, Engi THE GOLD MINES OF NICARAGUA—THEIR SITUATION, EXTENT, AND YIELD. [From El Nicataguense, Dec. 15.} We are permitted te publish the ‘subjoiaed letter from a gentleman of high respectability, which will be read with great interest. The account’ of Mr. Bowley fuliy corresponds with the description of the country given Mr. Borland, the predecessor of Col. Wheeler as Ameri- can Minister in as, who visited the district ia question, in March of last year. “The aspect of the land was such,” said Mr. Borland, ‘as to realize my idea ot an eternal .”’ This war in the heart of the dry season, when she land tn many other portions of the State is parched and dry. Yet, even then the flocks and herds suffered from no lack of pasturage. end the crops were as luxuriant as in the most tavorable months elsewhere. The remarks of Mr. Rowley as +) the native system of labor, and the yield of the mines under their management, are particularly worthy of attectim. it will be seen that the statements ef the gentleman to which we alluded in our leader of the last fesue, are cor- roborated in many particulars, MaTAGatra, Des. 8, 1855 At the request of General Walker, I address to yous few remarks in reference to the g Id mining cistzict in the immediate vicinity of this place. This is the princi- pal town in the neighborhood. It ie pleasantly situated in a valley on the banks of a large stream, of river, of pure cold wat which takes its rise in the m untains, and is constantly bd fullby numerous smailer streams amy into it. population of this place is bout 8,000 at the present time. It has been much groater, but the civil war has driven ey from their homes t seek a refuge elsewhere, some of whom, however, are now returning, Deing assured of safety and protection of per- fon. ood A i ee yey has been brov, sbout mainiy by presence of a gover t furotunder: the comuatd 0 Colonel Fry, ot"the Ament can Ve iF battalion, and Colonel Herrara, of the na- $m tooo Berrara ts the eomminadant of this distriet, and I now believe it perfectly safe for Arm The only bind of min! racticall on at present, mm this wicisity. is done with the. onan rastas, OF jue water mills, put up by the old Castil- lana, who very successfally during their oecu; of this country. You can imagine the ancient and ‘worn a) ‘ance they present to the American eye, freah from new made cities and improvements of pia, or the other States of the Union. I have visited some dozen of these rastas, all within the space of @ mile, about one half of which were at work; and fer fifty miles down the same stream, I am told by the nataves, they are numerous, and in about the same con dition, Those I Lave visited are almost orumbling to neces from the effects of time, but they are patched up Bos time to time by the natives, and worked with great profit. The wheel whicn they are driven is placed horizontally, and is fifteen inches road by twelve deep, with a diameter of twenty feet; the paddles are fitted at an angle of the water falling upon them from a heigut of some twenty fest, drives the wheel, to which are attached three large stands on astone bed. The quartz and red earth 4s poured in as fast as it can be puiverized, which is very slowly; for they are old and ri , and can effect but little, The fuct, however, that the natives can and do work them profitably is sufficient evi to any prac- tical miner, that the yield must be large proporti cacit d to the amount ground. Their main Gapendinte for grim - ing svems to be upon the red earth and soft gold—bearing deposits intermixed with rottea quartz—they having no means of crushing the hard quarts; the gold in most of these mines is fine, and seldom visible to the naked eye; bus by & small quantity of the quartz, and warhing {t im ® pan, or washing @ panful of red earth, you never fail to get gel The mines here contain also a Nog md eil- the ring ir var is —_ bd at present separated a! the mines is about $14 per ounce, and if proper means were adopted for saving the silver, the yield would be very rich, This fact 1 have proved by having chemical as- Inah ofthe ore mad, which yield, 0 of ale and a fourth of pure a r cent pare silver, to the pound Wek Tame cheatecan cates power bere; the streams from the mountains rua with great rapidity, and it is easy to get from twenty to thirty teet fall, on streams with # constant bee of water suffi- cient to turn any ordinary mill wheel. We ourselves are now putting up & breast wheel twenty-ive feet in diame- ter and five broad, and have a fall of water sufficient to give power to run twenty-four stamps, twelve of which ave in course of construction. Timber of almost every hizd is sbundant, particularly, which the native carpenters and wood-cutters will cut ani deliver at very low prices, in hewn logs or rough hewn boards. Th have no saw, and use only the broadaxe and adze. A pit be ~ some other large fg riya A - lumbec with for building , is much ni . It was my Intention to examine the beds of the streams in for gold washings; but Indians have deen in arms in large bodies in the mountains near, and it was not safe for us to venture auy great distance, our party Geciting ord only three Americans. I am con- sequently unable to say much on that branch of the subject, but that this is the beginning of a gold-beariog region, of it richness, runing turough to Honduras and connecting also with the Chontales mines, I am con- vinced, and all that is necessary to develope it is for ex- perienced miners to come and explore it and make their reports, I would advise them to come in parties of ten or adozen for mutual protection,jand they will no doubt find very rieh deposites of gold and silver, in its various forma. A grist mill as well as saw mills are much needed here. ‘Whoever will {introduce, then will reap a great reward. Wheat is raised here in abundance, fend all that,is wanted to turn out fine flour isa good mill; their Present man: ner 0} crasl between seis Saausceen” aan iee eent from here to Granada, Leon, and other places, would paywell. Nearly all the produce of the United States, as well as of the tropics, can be nere cuitivated with suc- cess. The change in the climate and in the appearance of the country, from Granada here, » distance of only 120 miles strikes every one as remarkable. I: is an open country, The mountains are covered with large pine and owk trees, with very little undergrowth, ana the tem- perature is cool and deligh*ful, averaging aboat 70 Gegrees the year round. Tne chazges trom the rainy and dry season are not so distinctly marked here as in the low country; at all seasons there is rain in the moun- tains, and the grass grows thick and green to their very tops, forming pasturage capable of maintaming any num- ber ot horses and cattle, ali of which are now cheap aad abundant, The sugar and rice raised here are considered the best in the State; large quantities are sent tu Granada and Leon. Deer are also plentiful, and many otner kinds of game, as well as fish im'the large streams. Thus you see that food can be had here without much trouble; indeed, you may get a good meal of chocolate, wheat or corn bread, chicken, eggs, beans, rive, plan- teins choeee, &c., for one dime, waich is certainly cheap evough, Tue. Rearest cond team: Greuaia here, is via Tipatapa, first day to Tipatapa; second day to La Conception, a small rancho; third day to Chocaya; and fonrth day you reach this town, The road for the Aicst day is excelleat; second day, rough and mountainous; third day, ditto; fourth aay, level and pretty good. I advise any one, be- forejstarting, to secure « good mule, or a horse with hard, strong hoofs. Any other will suffer from tender fest ia crossir g over rough roads, We made the journey 1n three days, but they were long days ot hard travel, aad our animals were good ones for such work. There is no difiiculty or danger now in coming here (com Granada; the natives, whom we met every where, tra ed us kin and fui ug with good food at very lov prices. Americans coming here will respect themse!vex, they will be weli and hoapitably received befor natives. The above few remarks, dear sir, in regard to this in- teresting portion of the State, are at your service, and if you think them calculated to advance the cause of coli- nization you have my permission to publish them. MOND BOWLEY. To J. W. Faneys, Esq., Director of Colimzation of Granada. OFFICE OF PREFRCT AND Financial Scp-DeLeG ation or THE OnrENTAL DEPAREMENT, LBON, March 5, 1850. Mr. MINISTER Or RELATIONS OF THE SUPREME GOVERNMENT On the 3d of the present month, I went to the distnct of Chontales with the object of visiting the village of Juigalpa, and also to look at sowe minerals, recently dis- covered iy some neighbors. We have always observed that tivated mountains, abandoned valleys, solitary leads, slthough beautifal, run naturally to wildness and waste, but in this privileged country, in this land of blessings and enchantment, lize the Klysian Fields, it seems as if nature rejoiced as on the first day of the creation. It so ret and sball remain until the hand of culiivation shall reap its advantages. It is not an ex- cese of pattiotic sentiment or an illusion, to say that the sbundant and besutiful streams Pigg alate ro this tural people. Rich mines are this oer ae for ieeweating ap: Panel country, vw! a ia jaxu- there exist hidden treasures that put our negli- gence to shame, I sew the mineral mountain of San Buenaventura, dis- covered and denounced by Mr. Manuel Montiel. The ramifications of its veins extend themselues over the broad and fertile plains of Hermiguera, near the waters of the great river Mico, which empties into the Pearl Clay It is 60 sri ne situated that on every are facilities to establish machinery for grind- sot the rich metals during the entire year. The virgin veins recently discovered are from thirty to thicty-six icehes in breadth, and a little digging of four yards has sufficed to discover metals of a superior quality; or, I should rather say, that on thesurface even of this extea- sive and fertile plain is found common ore that else- where would enrich the skilful miner. A quick and im perfect grinding gave as a result a pound of goid, which T have now im my possession. It was examined and as- sayed by the connoisseurs in this city, who rated it at 20 carats fine. I have started the developenent of this Males by means of an association now being organized ere. T can eay to the Minister that the State possesses in this beautiful district, only to be properly described in poet- ry, an inexhaustible treasury of immense riches; wealth consisting of madeira wood and commonfcedar. mahoga- ny, ebony, gransdillo, &c., and also of atifal cattle that increase wonderfully; wealth of pasture and til land, mines of gold, silver, copper, lead, cual, and all other rich productions known to the geologist. ‘It is no less int to know thatthe numerous tribes of In- cian savages t inbabit the villages situated om the branches of the Mico, Muna and Arrama, a-e becoming more civilized daily; they k the ee language better, perbaps, than the Indians living in our more 1m- mediate vicinity. They are much attached to the Nica- raguans, whom they love and serve voluntarily, ia their sgricuitural labors, and now in the working of the mines. When I approached their miserable huts they met me with their native costume of bark and beads, and addressed me as the first authority of the district. They complained of their unpleasant postition, and the barbarous treat- ment they ex; from the pretended King of Blew- fields, who ob! them to pay au annual tribute, con- sisting of an enormous piece of mahogany, and a newly built conoe, wnich tribute they carried to that port by tke same river Mico, whence they brought back in ex- change only the necessary implements to continue to fur- nish this unjust and painful st. I offered to collect them in a small town in the above-mentioned vailey of Ho:mipuero, explaining to them all the security and welfare they would enjoy under the shadow of the repub- Yean principles ot Nicaragua. They accepted my propo- sais with pleasure, and consequently I appointed for them eagles rie ana to the Leeper of Jui- a, ten s distant. They recognised him as suc’ Loy he resided at Juigalpa, I marked out oe points of jurisdiction, leaving it for the fature to iadem- nify the person to whom the territory belo: of the topo- alws: have to enclose to the minster the ma, graphy of this department, with all the villages whica it comprises, It is somewhat tmperfect, but st least it will er ‘an idea of the superiority of this beautiful section of Ncorsgua, Pe vlesned to give an account of all this to the au- pine government, and in the meantime, I subscribe myself your obervant, God, Union and Liberty | FERMINE FERRER. A true copy, Ministry of Relations of the Supreme go- verpment of the State of Nicaragua. SALINAS, THE CHONTALES MINES. {From El Nicaraguense, Dec 29.] The following interest report is from the pen o’ Hon. Ju bell, who has recentty returned from a tour of observation ‘among the mining regions of the Chontales. The report is an able document, and sets forth all the information requisite for the guld hanter:— REPORT,| & NADA, Dec. 28, 1865. Sin—In order to carry ont the objects set forth in your instructions, which I received on ‘28th of Novemoer, 1865, { immedia‘ely embarked on board the schooner Sara for Virgin Bay, where | procured some articies ne- ceseary for my expedition that could not be bad in Gra nada. As acon as I had completed the object of the trip I returned to Granada, and om tke morn- ing of the 7th of December again ombarked on the Sara, having with me the party which was to accompany mé toChontales. Beride myself, the party consiste1 of two gentlemen from New York, who were interested {a gold moning at Libertad, ® gentlenen trom Grensis, who de sired to see the mining country. a guide two men who had been the Comwmander-in-Chiet of the army to id in carr; out the uv jects of tne expedi- tion, and is | we sailed on the evening of +i varkation, and early the next day anchored in fine b«y near the mouth of Santa Clara river. After some dw sy a bongo came to the shore, and we surceed din 6: log it take us to Santa Clara, the hacieno» of Doa Juan 3an- i s a F f = ind animals at Sant Ciara to take Don Juan was unaol: ‘0 supply us, @ courier to Juigalpa, fifteen auth there. foe estate of Don = _ [Sing Fish aes at Present tin», about one cattleanda feehpras. Ch» country usually tecmed broken. ¢ oni ting of hills i _ lower runge of the sierra Nevada in leys are covreed with excellent grass in great abunde: and valleys, bearing very much the appearance of the Callternts. The vat- ace, and here the herds of Doa Juan find good grazing duriug the entire year; the moisture of tue a : ‘end the occasional showers during the dry season being invaria- bly quite sufficient t» prevent the country from b ecomiag pa |. The proprietor of & cattle estate estimates the value of the estate, not by the number of acres it consists of, but by the nnmber of cattle upon it, ‘The present price ot catile estates in the district of Chontales, ia which distaict Santa Clara is situated, is six doilacs per head. This price a.way: luces the dweiling hoase on an ertate, any improvementsthat may have been made on the ground and such personal chattels as are necessary to the business of cattle raising. During my stay at Sante Clara we heard of a sitver mine on the estate, but upon full injury found it had never been opened, and that it would be useless to visit it. Some specimens of ore, however, takem from the surface of a vein which OG of the ground, about two miles distant from Juan’s house, exhibited traces of silver, but not in much quantities, On the morning ofthe 10th our courier returned from Juigalpa, bringing with him a sufficient number of a: mals for our use, and in half an hour we were on the road. Suiga'pa ‘was to be our stopping piace that night, and we pushed on diligently, arnving about dark. The road from Santa Clara to Juigalpa is over an uneven country, the hilis being chiefly great masses of scoria or tufa, varied by occasional outcroppiogs «f granite and sometimes slate of the talcose sort. There are, how- ever, fiue valleys of agricultural land between’ these hills, nearly all of which have cattle grazing upon then, but not enough to keep down the grass, The gos estates of San Eusavia and San Nicolas are the only ones on the route worthy of notice. On each of these there are some thousands of cattle. The distance from Santa Clara to Juigelpa is about fifteen miles, and the road is merely a bridle path, in some places very bad and dif- ficult to travel over. A good wagon road could, how- Reg be made over the entire 4 ce without great cost. Leaving Jnigalpa early in the morning, we proseeded on our course to Libertad, and for several miles passed over a beautiful and fertile plain, waich cattle were grazing; when we began to ascend the foot hiils ot tae «reat chainj of mountains that run through Chontales, and which may be regarded as the border of the mineral! country, As we ascended we found the country ‘o be bare ot underwood, and the hills covered with grass to their very tops. Ihere began to look for indications of l¢, though we were at least ten miles distant from wont is kwown aa the gold region, and at once observed the red earth and small angular pieces of quartz. &c., which are held to be sure indications of gold in California, A we proceeded onward, rising at every step, these and other ‘gold signs” contim presented themselves to ovr view and we became satisiied that we were passing ove! a gold country, though there were no appearaaces ot 4 ing” ever having been done there, and not- withstanding that the inhsbitants insiste! toat the gold region was much farther onward. Ivery much re- gretted my inability to make a thorough examination of some of the ravines in this vicinity, but night was coming on, we were wet to the skin by’ # driving rain, had no tools to work with, our animals were very much fatigued with the day’s travel, and we had fally eight or ten miles of mudcy trail betore us, before we could hope to find shelter. We theretsre contiaued oa to Libertad, where we arrived a short time before dark, and here took up our quarters. fhe cistance from Jui- galpa to Libertad is about twenty miles, the rosd beiog 4 bridle-path, generally pretty good, but’ waich could be much improved by a Uttle care in the selectionof a route which should not lead so immediately over the tops of hulls as the present one does, and which is not at all ne- cessary, either on account of distance or any other ac- count Libertad is regarded as the centre of the mining re- gion of Chontales, and here I remained from the 13th un- Uil the 20th of December, making such observations frown time to time as circumstances would permit. As it rained neatly all the time during our stay, it was with grent difficulty that I could procure guides to potnt out to me some of tbe local.ties which I most desired to visit. 1 however, fortunately made the acquaintance of Don Ra- mon Tolero, who was one of the party that first discovered the gold mines of Chontales, and to him am indebted for much information concerning them. These mines were discovered by Don Ramon and some companions, about seven years ago, and were worked with success down te the time of the breaking out of the late revolatioa, when Don Roman and his workmen were pressed into military service. Durizg the revolution but little was done at mining, and it is only very lately that operations have again been commenced. Each ‘‘ mine,” consists of an excavation made in the earth near the veia of auri. ferous quartz, and in several instances these excavations ure quite insufficient to lay enough of vein bare to ex- hibit the quality of the ‘‘iead”’ with any considerable cer- tainty. Ali the gold is very fine, and it has been found that it is quite equally distributed throughout the rock. as isthe usual case with fine gold in quartz vems. This fact ix an important one, inasmuch as it is « sure proof to the experienced miner that he may invest money in the work- ing of such a vein with the certainty that it will yield an equal average, und not “run out.”” All the gola, mines of Chontales yet opened are em- braced in an area of not more than five miles, an‘ are situated near the rivers Mica and Bola, which are bran- ches of the Blewfields river. Theze rivers afford an abundance of water power, and upon them are sit- uate the mills which serve to pulverize the ore of the district. These mills are all arastras, shallow tubs of about ten feet in diameter, with bottoms ved with stone, upon which sometimes two and some- jimes four stones of three or four hundred pounds weight each, are caused to revolve somewhat in the manper of the pnper mill stone. Into the irregularities and crevices of pavement is put quicksilver, which readily amalgamates with gold whenever in contact with it, and into the tub is thrown the ore, after’ being broken into fragments the size of a hen’s it T under- stand that the urastras in use at Libertad will pulverize about five tons cf the ore daily. There are about half a coven of these arastras at work in Cnontales, are pro-. pelled by water power, and all situave on one or the other of the rivers above named. One belonging to Padre Sosa, of Boaco, is the best, and fect machine. It would be useless to name all the mines that have been ‘‘denounced”’ in the neighborhood of Libertad, as a description of one willanswer very well for all. They are quartz of from six inches to four feet in very soft, being much map ye and more friable than most of the quartz rock North Carolion or Georgia. This is quite apparent, not only fron toa appearance of the rock it but from the fact to»: single arastra can puiverize five tons daily. The veins of ore at Libertad are not wrought in the most cua- venient or economical manner. All are opened by shatt- ing from the top of the vein, and all the ore has, conse- gpently, to be raised to the surface at the highest point. the custom is to break ont as much ore with an iron bar a8 @ man can carry in a Jeathern bag, on his head, up a notched log ret on one end, to the surface, and then to pack it on a mule or an ox, to the arastra, for reduction to powcer. By this slow process is done all the quartz mining in Chontales. 1 wok great pains to ascertain the amount of gold usu- ally produced from a given quantity of rock, and in an- awer to my inquiries on this point was sometimes amused with most exw avagant stories of the immense richness of this or that mu: I carefully noted all the information gathered from « series of diligent inquiries, and deem it Tally safe to set down the average amount of gold to the tcn of ore, us at least two ounces. 1 desire it to be un- derstood that I belleve the rock, LA aerd working, will yield more than two ounces to the ton, and am fully con- vinced that the amount above named is about the average obtained from all the mines that are under operation, and obtained, too, by» manner of working which is un- nece:sarily wasteful, Having found the quartz mines to fully sustain the re- rt I had heard of at Gras Tset about making inquiries for surface mining. A gentleman who had been # trader at Libertad, informed me that some years he purchased several ounses of coarse placer gold, whien the persons who brought it im said they had dug ‘on the Bela river, some miles below the town. Another person had heard of placer diggings on the same river, above the town, but neither could inform me of the precise lo- caiities im which surface gold had been found. The river was too high to admit of a “prospect.” I was satisfied frcm what I hadseen of the quartz veins that there was surface gold in the nelgnborhood, and that the reports cor cerning placers on the Bola were not wi hout foun- dation; yet it was impossible to produce any further proofs than these rey , and set about examin- iret’ @dry ravines, wing selected a spot where I Or: ed it advisable to ‘sink @ hole,” I began a search for pryer bea 4 work with, but could not Lavigord wher @ pick, a shovel, a spade or’ washing pan in town ot Libertad; and, as an addition to these annoying cir- cumstances, the inhabitants insisted that no gold would be found where I desired to dig. I however suc- coeded in & pointed iron bar senda horn spoon that would contain about a pint of earth, and with went to work ina spot where the bed rock could. be more easily reached than elsewhere. Scraping up a ‘this is by no means a per- spoonful of earth from the :edge, I washed it, and the re- sult was about three cents’ worth of fine 9 “pros- t ravines of Leet Lopaenn | Swen beefy ibertad can be wroug! good advantage, as any one soquainted with placer mining will at once see {rors the reault of Rn ap ng ‘The ‘istrict Chontales is not only « gold ceuntry, ho Tika she A mines of silver. the gold it the ore contains sixty toseventy per cent of sliver, as well as considerable gold. There are no furnaces at the mine, nor other the ore, but it is of -nch exeellent quality that the oj yr intends to aend Europe for reduction, it will pay him we'l to as ft can there pe core nee economical ten Be a i bmapecoe des heey Med le Lng mizes of silver at Bacao, Juigalps and at points nearer the lake, which are reputed to be very rich. As I had not #n opportunity of these mines, and knew of them only by report, I do not it advisable to set forth the rumors that reached me, from time to time, of their grat wealth. That they are, however, worthy tne at- tention of the enter; miner is beyond a question. Haviog conch my observations at Libertad, on the 21st of December, we procured animals and took up the line of march for Granada stopping that night at Juigal- pa. ‘The next day we reached nda San Lorenzo, ‘and here remained over night. The distance from Jui- galpe to San Lorenzo is said to be twenty-four miles, but is probably not more than twenty, ‘end the road is mainly over a level plain, covered with rich grass, upon which we saw many fine cattle grazing. From San Lo- renzo we proceeded to the Malacotoy river, and remained over night at a point about five miles beyond El Passo. The groun¢ from San Lorenzo to the Malacotoy 13 covered with s hea of timber, much of it Brazil wood Its proximity to the Iake must render it ly valuable at no distant 4 The valley o the is also nid f imbered, not only with Braz: wood but great trees of mahogany and other trees which would make excellent timber. There are a few clearings on the banka of the river, and i them I observed fo pF prone pat cane and corn fields that I have met with snywhere State—cane such ass Louisiana planter never dreamed of, and such corn 88 ve ® marvel in Kentuesy. The distance travelled this day was abou ‘twenty-five miles, over a road generally levei and good. fe lefs the Malacotoy at 4A. M. on the morning of the 24th, and arrived at Fl Paso a little atter sunrise, About an hour's time was consumed tm crossing ina over our animals, when we were the shore of Lake Nicaragua. Our shore, between the beach and the Lake Grenada, until near the cfty, the right, and in a short time our journey were ended. The distance ‘was adout twenty miles. ‘The last day’s travel was tome one of continued ia- terestand novelty. Notwithstanding it rained when we left the Malacotoy, and we were wet to the skin, objects of interest presented themselves in such varivty that we forgot our discomfort amd rode on merrily through the plantain and corn fields, and among the er trees, from the branches of which bands of chatter tage would look down upon us with appareot wonder. In branches of a tree with mapy trunks, of the banyan species, several of these animals haa congregated, and seemed to be deliberating on some imporyant matter, as wo under m. Pelicans were searching tho beach for thetr breakfasts, and from time to time huge alligators would lazily slide into the water as they be- came slarmed at our approach, The whole was new and strange, and as our journey was about to end, we forgot the hardships and inconveniences we bad encountered, and slmost regretted that we were not to contiaue our adventure. ‘The read from the Malacotoy to Granada isnearly level, ith a very trifli expense and jaa bridle path. it might be made # good wagon road, Suoh is, indeed, the case from Granada to Juiga'pa. ‘My conclusions are, finally, that the district of Chon- tales, which I was especially directed to examiae, is rich in mines of goldand silver; that the entire nilly regioa is a gold pipet and that silver mines exist, mot only in the gold country proper, but in the region bordering Lake Nicaragua; that enterprise and capital are only wanted, not only to develope these resources alone, but to exbibit agricultural ith which will astonish those who are not with the luxurious growth of vege- tation that exista in some parts of this district, and which can only be borne by @ most fertile soil. Having us fwily comphed with your instructions as it was possible for me to do, 1 respecttully present this re- port of my proceedings. GEO. H. CAMPBELL. To Hon. J. W. FAvENS, Director of Coicnization. PROMOTIONS IN THE AMERICAN ARMY IN GRANADA. Pursuant to a general order issued trom head quarters: Friday, Dec. 14, the tollowing promotions have beea made:— In the First Battalion, Major E. J. Saunders is promoted to the rank of Lieut. Colonel, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Charles H, Gilman. , Cait. A. Brewster is promoted to the rank of Major, to fill the vacancy caused by the promotion of E. J. Saunders. Capt. Jesse Hambleton will act as Commissary of War, ‘and 1s promoted to the rank of Major. Lieut. Danie) K. Bayley has been promoted to the raak of Captain, to fills vacancy caused by the death of Capt. Geo. R. Davidson, of Company A. Companies Band C have been incorporated int> one company, to be known as Company B, under the command of Lieut. Frank E. Archbald, who Aa promaiad to the rank of Captain. And First Sergesnt N. P. Potter and Acting First Sergeant G B. Wields are promoted to the rank of Second Lieutenants, und will be attached to Company B. First Sergeant C. L. Barrus is promoted to the rank of second Lieutenant, and will be attached to company A. Ira Munson has aiso been promoted to the r: of Lieu- tenant, and attached to cumpany A. Geo. Gist has been promoted to the Ordnance Depart- ment, with the raok of Lieutenant. MILITARY OBITUARY. COL. CHARLES H, GILLMAN. From Ei Nicaraguense, Bec. 16.} In the ful bloom of manhoud, from a positi honorable, death has called for one of earth's noblest sons. With robust constituiton, and in tull vigor ef body acd mind, he has passed tuxerernity. T> nis fiends, the death of Lieut. Col. Charles H. Gillman is a loss irre: paravcle, and in him the government and army of Nicara- gua have lost an able andefiicient officer, one with » moat cmprebensive mind, and with natural abilities unsur- assed. Co'onel Giliman was born in Baltimore. Early in 1849 he emigrated to Caiitornia; he studied the profession of law, and early in 1852 was admitted to the oar in San Francisco. During his residence in California he made frequent excursions to Oregon and Utah, Ia 1852, wita an adverturous epirit characteristic of him, he joined the chivalrous expedition of Walker, with the view of be- friending the isolated inhabitants of Sonora, In the battle of Encinada, the second in Lower Catifor- nis, be was reverely wounded in the knee. From this he never recovered until he returned to California, and from thence to the Atlantic States, From thence he returned to California, and when occa- Hon called for him, with the true spirit of a pioneer he joined the forces of Walker in Nicaragua. Attaining « position unparalleled in one of his years, he has passed into eternity, and earth will sce him ao more. g . CAPTAIN GEORGE R. DAVIDSON. It is our melancholy duty to announce the death of Captain George R. Davidson. He died on y last, after an iliness of about thirty-six hours, ‘The life of Captain Davidson was one of almost constant activity, azd a large portion of it was devoted to military service. Captain J). was born in Frankfort, Kentucky, in the year 1827 or 28. He was hardly twenty yeara of age when he entered the cavalry regiment commanded by Col. Humphrey Marshall, as second lieutenant fa Cap- tain Milliam’s company.’ He was made prisoner at En- carnacia. He with Major Boland differed from the rest of their superior officera in ri 'd to the course of con- duct at Encarnacia, and had wishes been followed, there might have heen one surrender less in American history; from Encarnacia he was taken with his fellow risoners to the city of Mexico, at which place, after Gen, Scott’s entry, he did good service in the army. ‘When gold was first discovered was among the first in the great movement which planted American civilization on the Pacific coast. Du- ring his residence in California be occupied various posi- tions of trust and responsibilty uw the city and State governments, and his excellent qualines, both of head and heart, endeared him to a large circle of ac- quaintancea and friends in San Francisco aad other parts of the State. But no amount of civil Seperaees, no number of pali- ical ties could stifle in bis bresst the desire for military employment and military distinction ; with the true spirit of the soldier, he sought continually for some field of honorable enterprise, where all the qualities of his fuli Of paeersing. the skill Caf apicit requisite for’ military of possessing spirit requisite for rervice, he panted for some scene where all his qualities might ‘Accordingly, tn 1853, w! e expedition to Lower Ca- lifornia gave mise of act! military operations, in the nor ‘tments of Mexico, Captain Davi ‘was among the first and the most ‘active of the expedi- tionfste at Ensunada, and he clearly saw the bonefita that would accrue to the ichabitants of Upper Mexico, as well as to the people of the United States in eaye the expedition was su , and with thoughts full of energy he de- voted himself fo the enterprise. During the most of the time he was in Lower California, he was in command of an outpost (La Gamella) and exhibited the intelligence und energy the position required. After 1 United States government, use of many powers unknown to the constitution and the laws, had succeeaed in preventing the object of the expedition, Cuptain Davidson returned to San Francisco, where he remained until safliog tor Nissragua in September Inst. He arrived in San Juan on the 34 of October, and although seriously unwell at the time, marcned with his company tto Granida on the mori of the 13th, Slex as he has been during much of the time since his arrival in the country, he has not tailed to have his influence felt in his company, and throughout the battalion; and in the last hours of his iiiness all the energy of his intelligent and dauntless soul was fully manifest. Although he died not as the soldier loves to de, amid the stir of battle, and with the shout of triamph in his ears; although he sunk under the baleful influence of a mysterious malady, still he met the tt. conqueror, Death, with unshrinking eyes and unfailing courage. Bis memory will not soom die, and long’ after bis. bones’ Lave mingled with their mothor earth his companions in s1ms will temember his manly qualities, and write the history of his generous acta. CAPTAIN RORERT W, ARMSTRONG, It is our painful duty to chronicle to-day the departure of another gallant spirit. Captain Robert W. Armstrong, of company “D,’ died at his quarters, of a severe at- tack of the yellow fever, on the night of the 17th inst. He bad endeared himself to his command by his man manly and generous qualities, and the fidelity with which he sought to promote their welfare; and his loss is and must continue to be keenly felt. Captain Armstrong was born in the city of Baltimore in the year 1824, When he arrived at the age of manhood he sélected the profession of ® merchant, and continued in business in Baltimore Ull the breaking out of the war with Mexico. He then entered the army aaa soldier, and was made Sergeant- Major of the Eighth regiment of Infantry. He was in all the battles on the Southern line, and won proud dis- tinction for bravery and determination. At the conclu- of pure. Mr. Armstrong returned to his counting house; but the spirit of advonture was aroused within him, and upon the snnouncement of the gold discoveries in Califor he at once set sail for that distant territo- Ty. Being among the pioneers there, he had good a tunities of operat ng in real estate, and was at one Re largely interested in quartz and other mining claime. As business man and a citizen, he was universally r 4. When Wm. 8. Hinson was elected Sherif of Placer county, Mr. Armstrong received the appointment ot Deputy. Svon after the departure of General Walker for Nicaragua, Mr. Armstrong thirsting for a life of acti- vity and c: that leads to glory, attempted to follow, but was unable to obtain a by the steamers Le Nicaragua Transit Company until the 20th of Octo- er last, when in com with Col, Kewen, he succeeded n getting off. His life, Lice, has necessarily been one of garrison duty, but all who knew him can testify that had opportunity offered he would have done good service for his adepted country. But he has departed trom among us forever. His name is enrolled on our memo- ies with thoee of his brothers im arms, Gilman and videon, who preceded him but « few days. They are names that we shall not «willingly let die.’ It is hard to be called upon to make such loes in the furtherance of a great and glorious work, but such is the order Providence— Not first the bright, and after that the dark But first the dark, and after that the bri cht. Firat the thick cloud, and then the _ First the dark grave—then reeurrection ligh Tisfirst the night, a n'ght of stot id — meng nig ofheay gud ‘and velled skice en 1¢ morn! ‘That bids the saints awake and thorn deen, Died in Granada, on Saturday, Dec. 15, Theo. Fuwi Mr. E. waa th gio f man of some 23 , and for iy from Missouri, but recently from California. He was at- tached to Capt. Astin’« Company and came to this coun- try on the Nevada, o1 Ast, of November last Every possible respect and attention was paid to him dar ing bia iliness, and his friends, universally, followed h remains to their resting place. Graxand, (Nic.) Dec 1b, 18654 $36 RANA ic. 5 Fle bl. name on Alls, cora, par Dusky ta ‘rier magat 1b., common brown, 6¢., do; ih, 1 tative; ’ far, $c. ; ie ie, Bry tea, black, per 1b.,$2 8 $3 50, do; 10k, sacives arent foc, Gey ‘cient ton aan emer Bee ¥ ive; cream, 20c.. lo; ice, be |; buniiol $1 60: do; snap shores, Ferrie. ibe. dor eat pork. on foot, 6 a 10c,' chickens don, 860 ‘ as Wri gio ts short (ine becrd the welcsas ' 4 in Caiffornia, in 1848, he ; bas '